Crítica a La Normativa Para El Control De Tráfico Ilícito De Bienes Culturales Como Aporte Para Una Futura Reforma Legal

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Crítica a La Normativa Para El Control De Tráfico Ilícito De Bienes Culturales Como Aporte Para Una Futura Reforma Legal UNIVERSIDAD CENTRAL DEL ECUADOR FACULTAD DE JURISPRUDENCIA, CIENCIAS POLÍTICAS Y SOCIALES CARRERA DE DERECHO Crítica a la normativa para el control de tráfico ilícito de bienes culturales como aporte para una futura reforma legal. Trabajo de Titulación modalidad Proyecto de Investigación previo a la obtención de Título de Abogado de los Tribunales y Juzgados de la República AUTOR: Rosero Samaniego Luis Edmundo TUTOR: Dr. Pacheco Mauricio Enrique Quito, 2021 DERECHOS DE AUTOR Yo, LUIS EDMUNDO ROSERO SAMANIEGO, en calidad de autor y titular de los derechos morales y patrimoniales del trabajo de titulación: Crítica a la normativa para el control de tráfico ilícito de bienes culturales como aporte para una futura reforma legal, modalidad proyectos de investigación, de conformidad con el Art.114 del CÓDIGO ORGÁNICO DE LA ECONOMÍA SOCIAL DE LOS CONOCIMIENTOS, CREATIVIDAD E INNOVACIÓN, concedo a favor de la Universidad Central del Ecuador una licencia gratuita, intransferible y no exclusiva para el uso no comercial de la obra, con fines estrictamente académicos. Conservo a mi favor todos los derechos de autor sobre la obra, establecidos en la norma citada. Así mismo, autorizo a la Universidad Central del Ecuador para que realice la digitalización y publicación de este trabajo de titulación en el repositorio virtual, de conformidad a lo dispuesto en el Art.114 de la Ley Orgánica de Educación Superior. El autor declara que la obra objeto de la presente autorización es original en su forma de expresión y no infringe el derecho de autor de terceros, asumiendo la responsabilidad por cualquier reclamo que pudiera presentarse por esta causa y liberando a la Universidad de toda responsabilidad. Firma:………………………………….. Luis Edmundo Rosero Samaniego C.C. 0801818352 Dirección electrónica: [email protected] ii APROBACIÓN DEL TUTOR En mi calidad de Tutor del Trabajo de Titulación, presentado por LUIS EDMUNDO ROSERO SAMANIEGO, para optar por el Grado de Abogado de los Tribunales y Juzgados de la República; cuyo título es: CRÍTICA A LA NORMATIVA PARA EL CONTROL DEL TRÁFICO DE BIENES CULTURALES, como aporte para una futura reforma legal, considero que dicho trabajo reúne los requisitos y méritos suficientes para ser sometido a la presentación pública y evaluación por parte del tribunal examinador que se designe. En la ciudad de Quito, a los 29 días del mes de septiembre de 2020. iii DEDICATORIA La presente Investigación está dedicada a mi Señor Padre y amigo eterno Carlos Rosero Saa, Magister en Arqueología e Identidad Nacional, ex guerrillero, hombre de altísimos valores morales, a quien le expongo estas palabras de eterna gratitud: “Pusiste el primer libro en mis manos; luego me volviste un lector amante de la historia; me enseñaste el materialismo histórico y dialectico desde que fui un niño; me formaste indicándome cómo se organiza al proletario y al campesino (nunca olvidé tantas reuniones en los barrios más pobres y el campesinado de Esmeraldas); me brindaste la gran oportunidad de ingresar al fabuloso sueño de la arqueología; me diste abrigo y alimento cuando mi gran pobreza me hizo dormir en las calles de Quito; me salvaste de la maledicencia de una madre que fue incapaz de apoyar a su hijo en los momentos más críticos de mi vida. Por todo lo mencionado y muchísimo más te quedo inmensamente agradecido padre amado, y con estas palabras me comprometo a continuar con la investigación del pasado; y, a la independencia de este Estado burgués que nos continúa esclavizando. Nos vemos en la eternidad “Don Rose y la barbita” Luis Edmundo Rosero Samaniego. iv AGRADECIMIENTO Todas las personas que a continuación nombro, de una u otra manera, hicieron posible la presente investigación y la culminación de mis estudios universitarios de tercer nivel, por lo cual les quedo agradecido: Magister. Carlos Rosero Saa (Padre) Magister y Poeta. José Sosa Castillo (Ex maestro y amigo de Colegio) Historiadora. Lucía Moscoso Cordero Sociólogo. Gonzalo González (Ex Maestro Universitario) Sra. Cecilia Tejada (Vecina y hermana) Carlos Rosero Durán (Hijo mayor y mejor amigo) Mao Tsetung Rosero Durán (Hijo Menor y mejor amigo) Ing. Tomy Deng Doctor. Mauricio Pacheco (Tutor de mi Investigación y gran maestro) Mtr. Dolores Teresa Changoluisa Gavilanes (Docente guía de Investigación y gran maestra). Luis Edmundo Rosero Samaniego v INDICE DE CONTENIDOS DERECHOS DE AUTOR ....................................................................................................... ii APROBACIÓN DEL TUTOR .............................................................................................. iii DEDICATORIA ...................................................................................................................... iv AGRADECIMIENTO ............................................................................................................. v INDICE DE CONTENIDOS .................................................................................................. vi ÍNDICE DE TABLAS.............................................................................................................. x ÍNDICE DE ANEXOS ............................................................................................................ xi ÍNDICE DE ENCUESTAS ................................................................................................... xii RESUMEN............................................................................................................................. xiv ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................................ xv INTRODUCCIÓN ................................................................................................................... 1 PROBLEMA ................................................................................................................... 2 Planteamiento del Problema ............................................................................... 2 Estado de la Situación Actual del Problema ...................................................... 2 Formulación del Problema ................................................................................. 3 OBJETIVOS ..................................................................................................................... 3 Generales ............................................................................................................ 3 Específicos ......................................................................................................... 3 Idea a Defender .................................................................................................. 4 Justificación ........................................................................................................ 4 CAPÍTULO I ............................................................................................................................ 5 1. MARCO TEÓRICO ............................................................................................. 5 1.1. Antecedentes de la Investigación ............................................................................ 5 1.2. Fundamentación Teórica ......................................................................................... 7 1.3. Prehistoria e Historia de los Pueblos Originarios del Ecuador ............................... 8 1.4. Interpretación del Preformativo o Paleoindio Bajo el Método del Materialismo Histórico-Formación Económica Social. ................................................................ 9 1.5. Encuentro Temporal Entre el Paleoindio y el Formativo ..................................... 15 1.6. Interpretación del Periodo Formativo, Bajo el Método del Materialismo Histórico- Formación Económica Social. .............................................................................. 17 1.7. Interpretación del Periodo de Desarrollo Regional, Bajo el Método del Materialismo Histórico-Formación Económica Social. ........................................ 20 vi 1.8. Interpretación del Periodo de Integración, Bajo el Método del Materialismo Histórico-Formación Económica Social. .............................................................. 24 1.9. Cronología de Tráfico Ilícito de Bienes Culturales en el Ecuador ....................... 31 1.10. Definiciones .......................................................................................................... 40 1.11. Patrimonio Cultural ............................................................................................... 44 1.12. Características Sociales y Económicas y Políticas ............................................... 53 1.13. Balance de las Acciones Tomadas por el Estado y las Instituciones .................... 55 1.14. Transcripción de la primera entrevista. ................................................................. 55 1.15. Desde el Ángulo del Investigador ......................................................................... 71 1.16. Bienes Culturales Patrimoniales del Ecuador que Reposan en Museos y Colecciones Públicas y Privadas del Ecuador y el Mundo. .................................. 79 1.17. Marco Normativo .................................................................................................. 84 1.18. Bienes Jurídicos Protegidos .................................................................................. 86 1.19. Delitos Contra el Patrimonio Cultural en la Legislación Ecuatoriana. ................. 88 1.20. Análisis
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