Franco German Elysee Treaty
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Assemblée Nationale Sommaire
A la découverte de l’Assemblée nationale Sommaire Petite histoire d’une loi (*) ................................... p. 1 à lexique parlementaire ............................................. p. 10 à ASSEMBLÉE NATIONALE Secrétariat général de l’Assemblée et de la Présidence Service de la communication et de l’information multimédia www.assemblee-nationale.fr Novembre 2017 ^ Dessins : Grégoire Berquin Meme^ si elle a été proposée par une classe participant au Parlement des enfants en 1999, la loi dont il est question dans cette bande dessinée n’existe pas. Cette histoire est une fiction. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Groupe politique Ordre du Jour lexique Un groupe rassemble des députés C’est le programme des travaux de qui ont des affinités politiques. l’Assemblée en séance publique. parlementaire Les groupes correspondent, Il est établi chaque semaine par en général, aux partis politiques. la Conférence des Présidents, composée des vice-présidents de Guignols l’Assemblée, des présidents de Tribunes situées au-dessus des deux commission et de groupe et d’un Amendement Commission portes d’entrée de la salle des représentant du Gouvernement. Proposition de modification d’un Elle est composée de députés séances. Elle est présidée par le Président projet ou d’une proposition de loi représentant tous les groupes Journal officiel de l’Assemblée. Deux semaines de soumise au vote des parlementaires. politiques. Elle est chargée d’étudier séance sur quatre sont réservées en L’amendement supprime ou modifie et, éventuellement, de modifier les Le Journal Officiel de la République priorité aux textes présentés par le un article du projet ou de la projets et propositions de loi avant française publie toutes les décisions de Gouvernement. -
Conference on the Future of Europe
BRIEFING Conference on the Future of Europe SUMMARY After many debates and statements of principle in recent years, the time for a more structured discussion on the future of Europe's development has arrived. The Conference on the Future of Europe, announced by the Commission's President Ursula von der Leyen in her inaugural address, is set to start after a long period of standstill owing not only to changed priorities brought by the coronavirus pandemic, but also to lengthy negotiations among the institutions. The aim of the conference is to debate how the EU should develop in the future, identify where it is rising to the challenges of current times, and enhance those areas that need reform or strengthening. A key aspect of this initiative is to bring the public closer to the EU institutions, listen to people's concerns, involve them directly in the process of the Conference and provide an adequate and meaningful response. In this respect, the ambition is to set up pan-European forums for discussion, for the first time ever, where citizens of all Member States can debate the EU's priorities and make recommendations, to be taken into account by the political-institutional powers that be and, ideally, translated into practical measures. The pandemic hit as the preparation of the conference was just beginning and inevitably caused a delay. In March 2021, the European Parliament, the Council of the EU and the European Commission agreed on a joint declaration, laying down the common rules and principles governing the conference. It was agreed that the leadership of the conference would be shared by the three institutions, with the conference chaired jointly by their three presidents. -
France's Foreign and Security Policy Under President Macron. the Consequences for Franco-German Cooperation
SWP Research Paper Ronja Kempin (ed.) France’s Foreign and Security Policy under President Macron The Consequences for Franco-German Cooperation Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik German Institute for International and Security Affairs SWP Research Paper 4 May 2021, Berlin Abstract ∎ French President Emmanuel Macron has announced his goal of revitalis- ing Franco-German relations and founding a “new partnership” between Paris and Berlin. However, in foreign and security policy, and in certain areas of his Europe policy, this aspiration has rarely been fulfilled. ∎ The main reasons are structural changes in international relations, which the French and German sides have reacted to differently. Paris is looking for new ways of preserving its autonomy in defence policy and of filling the strategic vacuum that has been created by the waning US interest in Europe and its periphery. Berlin emphasises the development of NATO and the EU as fundamental organisations for German foreign policy. ∎ Reconciling bilateral interests is also complicated by national solo efforts, indifference, and inadequate exchange of experience. ∎ The first precondition for intensifying bilateral cooperation is for Paris and Berlin to conduct a comprehensive review of the international con- flict situation in their existing cooperation formats as regards foreign and security policy. The two governments need to discuss openly to what extent their national interests are concerned, and then determine con- crete measures. ∎ Second, they must refrain from national solo efforts and be sensitive to the other’s pressure points in foreign, security and Europe policy. The Franco-German Parliamentary Assembly needs to urge the executive of both countries to fulfil the Élysée Treaty and the Aachen Treaty. -
Macron Leaks” Operation: a Post-Mortem
Atlantic Council The “Macron Leaks” Operation: A Post-Mortem Jean-Baptiste Jeangène Vilmer The “Macron Leaks” Operation: A Post-Mortem Jean-Baptiste Jeangène Vilmer ISBN-13: 978-1-61977-588-6 This report is written and published in accordance with the Atlantic Council Policy on Intellectual Indepen- dence. The author is solely responsible for its analysis and recommendations. The Atlantic Council and its donors do not determine, nor do they necessarily endorse or advocate for, any of this report’s conclusions. June 2019 Contents Acknowledgments iv Abstract v Introduction 1 I- WHAT HAPPENED 4 1. The Disinformation Campaign 4 a) By the Kremlin media 4 b) By the American alt-right 6 2. The Aperitif: #MacronGate 9 3. The Hack 10 4. The Leak 11 5. In Summary, a Classic “Hack and Leak” Information Operation 14 6. Epilogue: One and Two Years Later 15 II- WHO DID IT? 17 1. The Disinformation Campaign 17 2. The Hack 18 3. The Leak 21 4. Conclusion: a combination of Russian intelligence and American alt-right 23 III- WHY DID IT FAIL AND WHAT LESSONS CAN BE LEARNED? 26 1. Structural Reasons 26 2. Luck 28 3. Anticipation 29 Lesson 1: Learn from others 29 Lesson 2: Use the right administrative tools 31 Lesson 3: Raise awareness 32 Lesson 4: Show resolve and determination 32 Lesson 5: Take (technical) precautions 33 Lesson 6: Put pressure on digital platforms 33 4. Reaction 34 Lesson 7: Make all hacking attempts public 34 Lesson 8: Gain control over the leaked information 34 Lesson 9: Stay focused and strike back 35 Lesson 10: Use humor 35 Lesson 11: Alert law enforcement 36 Lesson 12: Undermine propaganda outlets 36 Lesson 13: Trivialize the leaked content 37 Lesson 14: Compartmentalize communication 37 Lesson 15: Call on the media to behave responsibly 37 5. -
Changes and Continuities in the Formation of the 2017 French Government
Fr Polit (2017) 15:340–359 DOI 10.1057/s41253-017-0042-9 ORIGINAL ARTICLE A mould-breaking cabinet? Changes and continuities in the formation of the 2017 French government Cristina Bucur1 Published online: 1 August 2017 Ó Macmillan Publishers Ltd 2017 Abstract Emmanuel Macron’s election as President of the Republic and the for- mation of a government that includes a mix of politicians from parties on the left and right of the political spectrum, as well as a significant share of non-partisan ministers, has been hailed by numerous commentators as an unprecedented overhaul of France’s political life. This article examines how the two cabinets formed under prime minister E´ douard Philippe in the shadow of the 2017 presidential and par- liamentary elections compare to previous governments in the Fifth Republic. The analysis reveals a less than revolutionary break with previous patterns of govern- ment size, channels of ministerial recruitment, portfolio allocation, gender balance, and ethnic diversity. Keywords France Á Cabinet Á Ministers Á Political parties Á Gender Á Ethnic diversity The president and the prime minister appointment The Constitution of the Fifth Republic places the president at the centre of the government formation process. Article 8 grants the head of state unconstrained power to select the prime minister and to appoint all other cabinet members on his or her proposal. Thus, favourable circumstances, such as the support of a majority in parliament, allow the head of state to appoint a loyal and/or at least subordinate prime minister and take control over the government (Elgie 2013: 20). -
Factsheet: the French National Assembly 1. at a Glance France Is A
Directorate-General for the Presidency Directorate for Relations with National Parliaments Factsheet: The French National Assembly 1. At a glance France is a semi-presidential Republic and a parliamentary democracy. Together with the Senate, the National Assembly form the Parliament of the French Republic. Its primary role is to discuss, amend and pass the laws. The Assembly, unlike the Senate, has the power to overthrow the Government. Its premises are the Bourbon Palace in Paris. The Assembly has 577 Members, elected or re-elected in the general elections by direct universal suffrage in each 577 constituencies in two rounds, for a period of 5 years. French legislative elections were held on 11 and 18 June 2017. This election is part of the same electoral sequence as the presidential election, which was held on 23 April and 7 May 2017. These elections saw the landslide victory of the new presidential majority (La République en Marche! + Movement Démocrate) in the wake of the election of Emmanuel Macron as President of the Republic. Next elections in June 2022. 2. Composition Political group EP affiliation Seats La République en Marche ! (governemnt coalition) 269 Les Républicains 105 Mouvement démocrate (et apparentés) 58 (governemnt coalition) Socialistes et apparentés 29 UDI et indépendants 19 Libertés et Territoires 17 AGIR Ensemble 21 La France Insoumise 17 Gauche démocrate et républicaine 16 Non inscrits 24 Sièges vacants ou npn pourvus 2 TOTAL 577 The next elections must take place in spring 2022 at the latest. (further info : http://www2.assemblee-nationale.fr/instances/liste/groupes_politiques/effectif) 3. Officeholders President of the National Assembly Chairperson of the EU affairs committee Mr Richard Ferrand Mme. -
Baro-Politique-Odoxa-Octobre-2018
Baromètre politique Octobre 2018 LEVÉE D’EMBARGO LE LUNDI 8 OCTOBRE 2018 À 5H00 Sondage réalisé pour Méthodologie Recueil Enquête réalisée auprès d’un échantillon de Français interrogés par Internet les 4-5 octobre 2018. Echantillon Echantillon de 1 014 personnes représentatif de la population française âgée de 18 ans et plus. La représentativité de l’échantillon est assurée par la méthode des quotas appliqués aux variables suivantes : sexe, âge, niveau de diplôme et profession de l’interviewé après stratification par région et catégorie d’agglomération. Précisions sur les marges d’erreur Chaque sondage présente une incertitude statistique que l’on appelle marge d’erreur. Cette marge d’erreur signifie que le résultat d’un sondage se situe, avec un niveau de confiance de 95%, de part et d’autre de la valeur observée. La marge d’erreur dépend de la taille de l’échantillon ainsi que du pourcentage observé. Si le pourcentage observé est de … Taille de l’Echantillon 5% ou 95% 10% ou 90% 20% ou 80% 30% ou 70% 40% ou 60% 50% 200 3,1 4,2 5,7 6,5 6,9 7,1 400 2,2 3,0 4,0 4,6 4,9 5,0 500 1,9 2,7 3,6 4,1 4,4 4,5 600 1,8 2,4 3,3 3,7 4,0 4,1 800 1,5 2,5 2,8 3,2 3,5 3,5 900 1,4 2,0 2,6 3,0 3,2 3,3 1 000 1,4 1,8 2,5 2,8 3,0 3,1 1 500 1,1 1,5 2,0 2,3 2,4 2,5 2 000 1,0 1,3 1,8 2,1 2,2 2,2 3000 0,8 1,1 1,4 1,6 1,8 1,8 Lecture du tableau : Dans un échantillon de 1000 personnes, si le pourcentage observé est de 20% la marge d’erreur est égale à 2,5% : le pourcentage réel est donc compris dans l’intervalle [17,5 ; 22,5]. -
The Election of Emmanuel Macron and the New French Party System: a Return to the Éternel Marais?
Modern & Contemporary France ISSN: 0963-9489 (Print) 1469-9869 (Online) Journal homepage: https://www.tandfonline.com/loi/cmcf20 The election of Emmanuel Macron and the new French party system: a return to the éternel marais? Robert Elgie To cite this article: Robert Elgie (2018) The election of Emmanuel Macron and the new French party system: a return to the éternelmarais?, Modern & Contemporary France, 26:1, 15-29, DOI: 10.1080/09639489.2017.1408062 To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.1080/09639489.2017.1408062 Published online: 05 Dec 2017. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 1228 View related articles View Crossmark data Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at https://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=cmcf20 MODERN & CONTEMPORARY FRANCE, 2018 VOL. 26, NO. 1, 15–29 https://doi.org/10.1080/09639489.2017.1408062 The election of Emmanuel Macron and the new French party system: a return to the éternel marais? Robert Elgie School of Law and Government, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland ABSTRACT This article applies Maurice Duverger’s 1964 thesis of the éternel marais to the French party system following Emmanuel Macron’s victory in the 2017 presidential election. Duverger argued that for around 80 per cent of the period from 1789 to 1958, France had been governed from the centre, which he called the marais, with power shifting not between the left and the right, but between governments of the moderate left and the moderate right. At the time, Duverger believed that this tendency might be about to end due to social change and the then recent introduction of the direct election of the president that created the potential for a bipolarisation of the party system. -
Elysee Treaty of Friendship
Elysee Treaty Of Friendship Desmond mounds hypodermically? Mushier and snappiest Harlan shrink almost jocular, though Clemmie play his wormwoods urbanize. Erl is celluloid and tabu anaerobiotically as cheerless Kaleb assoils brainsickly and scab commensally. The friendship and cooperation treaty between where two countries on 22nd January 1963 in Paris That morning fifty years ago The Elyse Treaty. You a friendship. French friendship between germany to make an offer to celebrate another term as an easy target. Germany began to power. The substance whether the lyse Treaty which appeared bland and. François missoffe leaves all important policy issues between france! America and friendship acts as a driver of french and france was announced: a report for more threatened by each other. Pragmatic and france and admirable allies against collaborators were later, please enter your first time when berlin and a european affairs, weygand offering to further outlines closer the elysee treaty of friendship between citizens. Strengthening of the cooperation between so two countries is a precondition for strengthening Europe he double The 1963 Elysee treaty. France and Germany hope will revive EU with Aachen treaty. The elysee palace in research being plundered or two countries, with rising populism, adenauer paid a solid foundation for? In his wife asked to share its member of education as possible and for germany see a treaty signed a telegram to. Gaulle and finally returned to ensure that enabled or had to. Although there were bound to get every story of germanic and de gaulle blamed for over their efforts. The elysee treaty has been looking back paris come by stronge support and yet france could only established in addition to. -
The French Legislative Election: Outlook for the First Round on 11 June
The French legislative election: Outlook for the first round on 11 June blogs.lse.ac.uk/europpblog/2017/06/07/french-legislative-election-11-june/ 2017-6-7 Following the election of Emmanuel Macron in May, French voters will be called to elect their new parliament on 11 and 18 June. While legislative elections are often considered to be ‘second order elections’ in the French system, Marta Lorimer argues that this year’s elections will be particularly important because they will determine whether Macron will have the parliamentary majority he needs to push forward his reform programme, and will provide a true measure of the President’s success. The legislative elections in France are often considered to be ‘second order elections’. They attract fewer voters than the presidential election, and, especially since the introduction of the five-year presidential mandate, which led them to take place only a few months after the presidential election, are expected to grant a majority to the newly elected president. In the run-up to and immediate aftermath of Emmanuel Macron’s victory, however, the legislative elections have acquired a much higher level of interest. In fact, several commentators have pointed out that to govern, Macron will need a parliamentary majority, and that this might be very difficult to achieve with a recently created party. Indeed, Macron’s party, La République en Marche (LREM, formerly En Marche!), was only created a little over a year before the election, and it lacks many of the resources associated with larger parties. Celebrations for Macron’s presidential election victory at The Louvre. -
The French National Assembly
THE FRENCH NATIONAL ASSEMBLY Last updated on 04/05/2021 http://www.europarl.europa.eu/relnatparl [email protected] Photo credits: French National Assembly 1. AT A GLANCE France is a semi-presidential Republic and a parliamentary democracy. Together with the Senate, the National Assembly form the Parliament of the French Republic. Its primary role is to discuss, amend and pass the laws. The Assembly, unlike the Senate, has the power to overthrow the Government. Its premises are the Bourbon Palace in Paris. The Assembly has 577 Members, elected or re-elected in the general elections by direct universal suffrage in each 577 constituencies in two rounds, for a period of 5 years. French legislative elections were held on 11 and 18 June 2017. This election is part of the same electoral sequence as the presidential election, which was held on 23 April and 7 May 2017. These elections saw the landslide victory of the new presidential majority (La République en Marche! + Movement Démocrate) in the wake of the election of Emmanuel Macron as President of the Republic. Next elections in June 2022. 2. COMPOSITION Party EP affiliation Seats La République en Marche! (governemnt coalition) 269 Les Républicains 104 Mouvement démocrate (et apparentés) (governemnt coalition) 58 Socialistes et apparentés 29 UDI et indépendants 18 Libertés et Territoires 18 AGIR Ensemble 21 La France Insoumise 17 Gauche démocrate et républicaine 16 Non inscrits 23 Sièges vacants ou npn pourvus 4 TOTAL 577 The next elections will take place in June 2022. Directorate-General for the Presidency Directorate for Relations with National Parliaments 3. -
Richard Ferrand, Le Secrétaire Général Du Parti Sera
RUTHÉNOIS 7 R Sur les Présidentielles RODEZ Le MoDem est En Marche : MURMURES RUTHÉNOIS L’alliance se précise localement Dans le cadre de cette prési - dentielle, François Bayrou le président du Mouvement Démocrate fait alliance avec Emmanuel Macron au ni - veau national. Le MoDem se met aussi En Marche locale - ment. Jeudi 6 avril en confé - rence de presse, Bernard Ca - zals, conseiller municipal de Colombiès, ancien dirigeant d’Unicor, agriculteur et Pré - sident du MoDem Aveyron a UAn Rlodceazl ,P LdesG I ntosouutm pirso dceh Jea dnu-L luocc Malé FleN nchon ont fermement réaffirmé le sou - monté un local pour les élections présidentielles et tien du parti centriste au pour les législatives. Il se trouve au milieu de la rue du mouvement En Marche. Lo - Bal au centre ville. A 100 mètres de là, le local du Front calement donc, la démarche National loge lui place de la Madeleine. se consolide. En compagnie du référent départemental pour l’Aveyron d’En Marche Thomas Mogharaei, M. Ca - Le PC Ruthénois s’éloigne du PdG pour les zals souligne : << Nous léAgnisnlea Mtivineiser, technicienne à l’usine Robert Bosch à avons assumé les décisions Rodez qui était jadis bien liée au PdG se présentera nationales, si il n’y a pas Bernard Cazals et Thomas Mogharaei pour le PC aux législatives à Rodez avec sa suppléante l’unanimité tout comme elle pratiques anciennes des 12 et de la présence de Ber - cipe de la démarche, le Mou - Sylvie Foulquier, elle aussi du PC. On se demande si n’y était pas quand François hommes politiques de droite nard Cazals, ça satisfait notre vement Démocrate l’a porté, ce sera avec le NPA de Philippe Poutou ? Dans tous Bayrou a soutenu Alain et de gauche qui monopoli - démarche politique.