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This Thesis Has Been Submitted in Fulfilment of the Requirements for a Postgraduate Degree (E.G This thesis has been submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for a postgraduate degree (e.g. PhD, MPhil, DClinPsychol) at the University of Edinburgh. Please note the following terms and conditions of use: This work is protected by copyright and other intellectual property rights, which are retained by the thesis author, unless otherwise stated. A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge. This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the author. The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the author. When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given. Adomnán of Iona’s Vita Sancti Columbae: a literary analysis Duncan Sneddon Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy The University of Edinburgh 2018 I confirm that this thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy has been composed by myself, that the work in it is my own and that no part of it has been submitted for any other degree or professional qualification. Signed: (Duncan Sneddon) Table of Contents Introduction (1) 1: The Subject and the Author (3) 1.1: Columba (3) 1.2: Adomnán (7) 2: Literature Review (10) 3: The present thesis (15) Chapter 1. The Manuscripts of Vita Sancti Columbae: the visual construction of the text (22) 1: Review of existing scholarship (23) 2: Schaffhausen Stadtbibliothek Generalia 1 (25) 2.1: Background and provenance (25) 2.2: The visual presentation of Schaffhausen Stadtbibliothek Generalia 1 (27) 2.2.1: Chapter initials and illumination in Schaffhausen Stadtbibliothek Generalia 1 (27) 2.3: Major textual divisions (29) 2.4: Greek letters in Schaffhausen Stadtbibliothek Generalia 1 (34) 2.4.1: Peristera (34) 2.4.2: Corcu réti (35) 2.4.3: Finitur secundus liber (36) 2.4.4: The Lord's Prayer (36) 2.5: Schaffhausen Generalia 1: Adomnán, Cumméne, Dorbbéne (40) 3: Metz, Bibliothèque diocésaine, 270.3 MS1 (folios 1 recto – 79 recto) (42) 4: The B manuscripts (43) 4.1: British Library MS Additional 35110 (folios 96 verso to 143 recto) (44) 4.1.2: Major textual divisions in British Library MS Additional 35110 (46) 4.1.3: Greek letters in British Library MS Additional 35110 (48) 4.2: British Library MS Cotton Tiberius D III (folios 192 recto to 217 recto) (48) 4.2.1: Major textual divisions in British Library MS Cotton Tiberius D III (50) 4.2.2: Greek letters in British Library MS Cotton Tiberius D III (53) 4.3: British Library MS Royal 8D IX (1 recto to 70 recto) (54) 5: Conclusions (56) Chapter 2. Structure and Narrative Sequencing in Vita Sancti Columbae (59) 1: Review of existing scholarship (59) 2: Adjacent literature and the wider literary context (63) 2.1: Adjacent Literature: The Gospels (63) 2.2: Adjacent Literature: Classical Biography (64) 2.3: Adjacent Literature: Hagiography (65) 2.3.1: Continental hagiographies (65) 2.3.2: Insular hagiographies (67) 3: The structuring of VSC: macro (69) 3.1: Prefaces (69) 3.2: Contents lists (73) 4.1: Book I: Prophecy (77) 4.1.1: Book I: macro (77) 4.1.2: Book I: Narrative sequencing (79) 4.1.2.1: Narrative sequence I.2 – 6 (Holy and eminent men) (79) 4.1.2.2: Narrative sequence I.4 – 6 (Sailing) (80) 4.1.2.3: Narrative sequences I.7 – 16 (Battles, Kings, Prophecies of Death) (81) 4.1.2.4: Narrative sequence I.18 – 20 (Sailing) (82) 4.1.2.5: Narrative sequence I.21 – 22 (False penitents) (83) 4.1.2.6: Narrative sequence I.23 – 25 (Books and writing) (84) 4.1.2.7: Narrative sequences I.31 – 34 (Deaths of good men, Picts) (86) 4.1.2.8: Narrative sequence I.38 – 40 (Sinful priests and death cum meretrice) (87) 4.2: Book II: Miracles of Power (88) 4.2.1: Book II: macro (88) 4.2.2: Book II: Narrative sequencing (91) 4.2.2.1: Narrative sequence II.2 – 3 (Crops) (91) 4.2.2.2: Narrative sequence II.4 - 7 (Healing objects) (92) 4.2.2.3: Narrative sequence II.7 – 11 (Fire and water) (93) 4.2.2.4: Narrative sequence II.12 – 14 (Storms, Cainnech) (96) 4.2.2.5: Narrative sequence II.16 – 18 (Demons, milk, blood) (98) 4.2.2.6: Narrative sequence II.19 – 21 (Animals) (99) 4.2.2.7: Narrative sequence II.22 – 25 (Persecutors of the innocent) (101) 4.2.2.8: Narrative sequence II.26 – 29 (Animals) (106) 4.2.2.9: Narrative sequence II.30 – 31 (Healing) (107) 4.2.2.10: Narrative sequence II.32 – 35 (Overcoming Pictish opposition) (108) 4.2.2.11: Narrative sequence II.35 - 36 (Gates) (110) 4.2.2.12: Narrative sequence II.37 – 38 (Small matters) (110) 4.2.2.13: Narrative sequence II.44 – 46 (Posthumous miracles) (111) 4.3: Book III: Visions and Heavenly Light (112) 4.3.1: Book III: macro (112) 4.3.2: Book III: Narrative sequencing (115) 5: Structural anomalies? Narrative sequencing and the overall schema of VSC (117) 6: Conclusions (122) Chapter 3. Language and Vita Sancti Columbae (126) 1: Review of existing scholarship (127) 2: Adomnán's language (128) 2.1: Latin Style (128) 2.1.1: Syntax (129) 2.1.2: Alliteration (131) 2.1.3: Variatio (133) 2.1.4: Diminutives (134) 2.2: Tres linguae sacrae (135) 2.2.1: Hebrew (136) 2.2.2: Greek (139) 2.2.3: Irish: People and places (140) 3: Vernacular languages (144) 3.1: Irish (144) 3.2 Pictish (150) 4: Conclusions (154) Chapter 4. Sex, Women and Violence in Vita Sancti Columbae (157) 1: Review of existing scholarship (158) 2: Sexual behaviour in Vita Sancti Columbae (160) 2.1: Narratives concerning sexual behaviour (160) 2.1.1: De infelici quodam qui cum sua dormivit genitrice (I.22) (161) 2.1.2: Lugaid the Lame and Neman mac Gruthriche (I.38 and I.39) (164) 2.1.3: Ligu Cenncalad and Berchán Mes-loen (II.10 and III.21) (166) 2.1.4: Lugne Tudicla and his wife (II.41) (170) 2.2: The asexual presentation of the saint (172) 3: Women as givers of advice (176) 3.1: Women as givers of advice in Vita Sancti Columbae (176) 3.1.1 Findchán's wife and the miraculous harvest (II.3) (176) 3.1.2: The beggar's wife (II.37) (177) 3.1.3: The lord's wife (II.39) (179) 3.2 Women as givers of advice in adjacent literature (181) 3.2.1: Tecosca Cormaic (182) 3.2.2: Scéla Mucce Meic Dathó (184) 3.2.3: Táin Bó Cúailnge (186) 3.2.4: The Bible (189) 4: Gendered violence (191) 4.1: The murder of a young girl (II.25) (191) 4.2: Broichan's Irish slavegirl (II.33) (193) 4.3: The raid at Crog-reth (I.46) (194) 4.4: Gendered non-violence: the femme fatale who wasn't (I.47) (194) 5: Conclusions (196) Chapter 5. Dangerous beasts in Vita Sancti Columbae (199) 1: The Monsters and the Critics (200) 2: De ceto magno (“Concerning a great whale”) (I.19) (201) 2.1: Identifying the cetus (202) 2.2: Interpreting the cetus (203) 3: The great boar (II.26) (205) 3.1: Interpreting the boar (206) 4: The bestia in the River Ness (II.27) (210) 4.1: Identifying the bestia (211) 4.2: Interpreting the bestia (211) 5: The bestiolae (II.42) (214) 5.1: Identifying the bestiolae (217) 5.2: Interpreting the bestiolae (219) 6: Conclusions (222) Chapter 6. Vita Sancti Columbae and cult practice (225) 1: Manuscripts and manuscript culture (226) 2: Blessed objects and associative relics in Vita Sancti Columbae (229) 2.1: The petra salis and manuscripts copied by Columba (II.7 – 9) (230) 2.2: Columban relics and the end of a drought (II.44) (232) 2.3: Maugin and the benedictio (II.5) (235) 2.4: Broichan and the white stone (II.33) (237) 3: Vita Sancti Columbae: Readings and contexts (240) 3.1.1: Relaxing the fast (I.26) (241) 3.1.2: Baptisms (I.33 and II.10) (243) 3.1.3: The death of Saint Columba (II.23) (245) 2.3: Audience responses? (247) 4: Conclusions (252) Conclusion (255) Bibliography (263) Images Chapter 1 Fig. 1: Schaffhausen Stadtbibliothek Generalia 1, p. 75 (27) Fig. 2: Schaffhausen Stadtbibliothek Generalia 1, p. 63 (28) Fig. 3: Schaffhausen Stadtbibliothek Generalia 1, p. 17 (28) Fig. 4: Schaffhausen Stadtbibliothek Generalia 1, p. 18 (29) Fig. 5: Schaffhausen Stadtbibliothek Generalia 1, p. 1 (29) Fig. 6: Schaffhausen Stadtbibliothek Generalia 1, p. 2 (30) Fig. 7: Schaffhausen Stadtbibliothek Generalia 1, p. 3 (30) Fig. 8: Schaffhausen Stadtbibliothek Generalia 1, p. 52 (31) Fig. 9: Schaffhausen Stadtbibliothek Generalia 1, p. 53 (32) Fig. 10: Schaffhausen Stadtbibliothek Generalia 1, p. 103 (32) Fig. 11: Schaffhausen Stadtbibliothek Generalia 1, p. 104 (33) Fig. 12: Schaffhausen Stadtbibliothek Generalia 1, p. 2 (35) Fig. 13: Schaffhausen Stadtbibliothek Generalia 1, p. 47 (35) Fig. 14: Schaffhausen Stadtbibliothek Generalia 1, p. 103 (36) Fig. 15: Schaffhausen Stadtbibliothek General 1, p. 137 (37) Fig. 16: Schaffhausen Stadtbibliothek General 1, p. 108 (41) Fig. 17: British Library MS Additional 35110, fol. 99 r. (45) Fig. 18: British Library MS Additional 35110, fol. 102 r. (45) Fig. 19: British Library MS Additional 35110, fol. 98 r. (46) Fig.
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