DOCSLIB.ORG

The Dana Sourcebook of Brain Science the Dana Sourcebook 1861: French Surgeon Paul Broca of Brain Science Identified the Speech Center in the Brain Through Autopsies

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Dana Sourcebook of Brain Science the Dana Sourcebook 1861: French Surgeon Paul Broca of Brain Science Identified the Speech Center in the Brain Through Autopsies BRAIN IMAGING TIMELINE 1543: Artists in the painter Titian’s studio sketched detailed drawings of the brains of cadavers. This sketch appeared in a book by The Dana Dutch anatomist Andreas Vesalius, which revolutionized the study of anatomy. Sourcebook The Dana Sourcebook of Brain Science 1861: French surgeon Paul Broca of Brain Science identified the speech center in the brain through autopsies. 1911: Santiago Ramon y Cajal’s drawings and staining methods advanced those of Camillo Golgi for visualizing neurons, dendrites, and axons. Cajal promoted the “neuron theory,” the fundamental principle of modern neuroscience which holds that neurons are the basic unit of the central nervous system. More important, Cajal realized that neurons communicate across a small gap, or synapse. 1929: Electroencephalogram (EEG) introduced; measures and records minute wavelike electrical signals pro- duced by neurons as they “fire.” 1992: Functional magnetic resonance imaging Third Edition (fMRI) introduced; used to map brain activity by detecting variations in the response of hydrogen atoms when oxygen is present in the blood. Resources 1973: First computed tomogra- for Secondary and Post-Secondary phy (CT) camera; produces a com- posite image of the brain with a scanner that revolves around the Teachers and Students skull, taking thousands of x-rays. 1977: First magnetic resonance imaging 1975: First positron emission tomography (PET) cam- Third Edition (MRI) camera; produces images by subject- era; uses the principle that blood is rushed to busy areas ing the patient’s head to a strong magnetic of the brain to deliver oxygen and nutrients to the neu- field, followed by several pulses of radio rons. Patients are injected with radioactive glucose, then waves, producing three-dimensional com- scanned for the rays emitted as the solution metabolizes, puter-generated images. highlighting neuronal activity. 1489: Background: Sketch of the brain by Leonardo da Vinci. The brain: the most complex entity we know. The three-pound mass of pinkish-gray tissue is what makes us distinctively human. The brain encases 100 billion or more nerve cells and it can send signals to thousands of other cells at a rate of about 200 miles an hour. Because of its daunting complexity, the brain is the locus of many of our most serious remaining diseases and disorders—from Alzheimer’s to learning disabilities. An unexpectedly close genetic cousin. In a landmark event in biology, a team of international scientists in 2002 showed the genetic Does the brain reorganize itself? makeup of the common mouse to bear remarkable similarities to that These images suggest how the brain can reorganize itself to perform of humans. Because roughly 50% of our genes are devoted to devel- specific functions. The lines in image A represent the area of the brain oping and maintaining the brain and the central nervous system, examined by functional magnetic resonance imaging in two subjects: being able to compare two complete mammalian genomes for the In image B, a sighted person reads a one-syllable word by touch in first time should speed up efforts to understand brain-related Braille. In image C, a person with severe visual disability reads the diseases and disorders. same word in Braille. In the visually-disabled person, additional brain Positron emission tomography (PET) images reveal the activity occurs in the parietal, temporal, and occipital lobes—areas effects of drug addiction. that process visual information in sighted people—suggesting that the The images show dopamine receptor levels of a control brain of the visually-impaired person has reorganized its sensory subject (top) and a methamphetamine abuser (bottom). pathways. The graphs represented by D and E plot the data of the Chronic abuse of drugs such as methamphetamine appears experiment. to damage the brain’s dopamine system, which regulates the ability to sense pleasure. One in 100 billion—and a quadrillion connections. Here is an image of a single neuron taken from a rat brain, isolated in culture. The cell body is rep- resented by the large red area; the neuron’s axon sprouts from the left of the cell body. Other lines represent dendrites connecting to other neurons. Scientists estimate that there are more than 100 Computer technology opens a window on the living brain. A tiny worm with great potential to help explain the human nervous system. billion neurons in the human brain, and that there The worm C. elegans, shown here, was the first multicellular animal to have its com- Before the early 1970s, only neurosurgeons had seen a living human are about 1 quadrillion (1 with 15 zeroes) connec- About the cover: plete genetic code mapped. The blue dots in this image mark synapses that brain. Rapid advances in computer-generated imaging have allowed tions between neurons. brain scientists and doctors to go inside the head and examine the These images demonstrate, by Positron Emission Tomography permit motor movement. As in vertebrates, including humans, the C. elegans nervous structure and function of the brain in the living patient. Advances in (PET scanning), that certain areas of the brain activate as the system relies on neurotransmitters such as dopamine and serotonin, and it shares the next few decades are expected to allow scientists to investigate brain performs specific language tasks. other basic chemical structures as well. The 2002 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine how brain circuits work, how one part of the brain modifies the func- honored three scientists who used C. elegans as an experimental model system to tions of other parts, and how these circuits adapt to new situations study genetic regulation of organ development and controlled elimination of cells (pro- or damage to existing circuits. grammed cell-death). “Every aspect of our lives depends on the normal functioning of our brains. Our education depends on it; the education of our children depends on it; our relation- ships to our fellow humans depend on it; our hopes and aspirations are all repre- sented in our brain. And all of these human qualities are at risk if something goes wrong with one’s brain.” —W. Maxwell Cowan, M.D., Ph.D., Neuroscientist, Educator (1931–2002) The Dana Sourcebook of Brain Science Resources for Secondary and Post-Secondary Teachers and Students Third Edition 1 From the Dana Foundation William Safire Chairman Edward F. Rover President Edward Bleier Wallace L. Cook Charles A. Dana III Ann McLaughlin Korologos LaSalle D. Leffall, Jr., M.D. Hildegarde E. Mahoney Donald B. Marron L. Guy Palmer II Herbert J. Siegel Clark M. Whittemore, Jr. Secretary-Treasurer Edward C. Andrews, Jr., M.D. Honorary Director Carlos Moseley Honorary Director Web site: www.dana.org The Dana Sourcebook of Brain Science Resources for Secondary and Post-Secondary Teachers and Students Third Edition This publication is provided by the Dana Foundation to participating schools. The Foundation is a private philanthropic organization with particular interests in science, health, and education. Please note: Access the online edition at www.dana.org. Copyright 2003 Dana Press David Balog, Editor A Dana Press publication Jane Nevins, Editor-in-Chief 2 Walter Donway, Director Table of Contents Scientific Lives 4 Revealing the Workings, the Wonder, of the Human Brain 6 Genes and the Brain 18 Stem Cells and Brain Research 23 Advances in Brain Research 25 Behind the Scenes in the Adolescent Brain 26 Neuroethics Weighs the Benefits or Potential Misuses of Brain Research 27 Neuroimmunology: Harnessing the Power of the Brain and the Immune System 28 Defining Stroke or Brain Attack 29 What Exactly Are Antidepressants? 31 The Developing Nervous System: Vision 32 The Science of Attracting Axons —The Final Key to Spinal Cord Regeneration? 33 Allostatic Load Scenario 4: Too Little Is as Bad as Too Much 34 Research and Future Treatments for Alzheimer’s Disease 35 The Workings of Memory 36 The Power of Emotions 37 Use It or Lose It 39 Imagine a World 40 Suggested Activities 49 The Great Brain Books 68 Great Literary Portrayals of Brain Disorders 85 Tracing Shakespeare’s Insights Through Modern Brain Science 99 ANote on Sources of Information on the Brain 109 A Glossary of Key Brain Science Terms 124 Maps of the Brain 134 Resources on the Web 140 Acknowledgments 150 Index 151 3 Scientific Lives Part One: be something inherently attractive to women in the A Life of Research, Advancing Our concepts of growth and repair.” Knowledge of How the Brain Works Writing in In Search of the Lost Cord: Solving the Mystery of Spinal Cord Regeneration, (Dana Press/ Editor’s note: One way to study the brain is to become Joseph Henry Press, 2001) author Luba Vikhanski a researcher, conducting experiments, analyzing data, publishing results, and teaching. A world-renowned describes Dr. Bernice Grafstein’s groundbreaking scientist and researcher on the development and regenera- work: “Unlike in mammals, regenerating nerve tion of nerve cells, Bernice Grafstein, Ph.D., is professor cells in fish and amphibians readily reconnect to of physiology and Vincent & Brooke Astor Distinguished their appropriate targets. Dr. Grafstein’s pioneering Professor of Neuroscience, Department of Physiology, studies with radioactive tracing showed that fish Weill Medical College of Cornell University. nerve cells undergo massive changes in metabo- Bernice Grafstein, Ph.D. lism when they regenerate, a finding that would A Leader in Spinal Cord Research and lead to many of the current studies on the activity for Women in Neuroscience of neuronal genes involved in regeneration.” Spinal cord injury remains one of our most Dr. Bernice Grafstein has a tragic, devastating medical conditions. It often particular interest in advancing strikes the young and can cause serious incapacita- the careers of young neurosci- tion for 40 years or more. As a scientist who has entists through her role as a been interested in development and regeneration of teacher of neuroscience and nerve cells for several decades, Dr.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Research on Light and Sound
    Research on light and sound Welcome! I’ve spent the last five years reading all the available research on mind machines – and now I’ve pulled together the most accessible of this information as a way to encourage you to try this technology yourself. Mind machines are referred to in these reports in a number of ways: • BWS (Brainwave Synchronisers) • LS (light and sound devices) • AVS (audio visual stimulation) • Photic stimulation All refer to the same technology which is built into our range of mind machines. All our mind machines can generate all the frequencies mentioned in these reports. I’ve condensed some of the reports for readability – and because some of the data is repeated. For example I’ve taken out three paragraphs from the extract from Megabrain Power as the original full reports are included here. I’ve had the very good fortune to spend time with many of the people mentioned in these pages: Robert Austin, Tom Budzynski, Michael Hutchison, Julian Isaacs, Harold Russell and David Siever – all thorough and committed researchers at the cutting edge of peak performance technology. Have a great read. You don’t need to understand it all. I just hope you read enough to see for yourself that mind machines really do work, and you’re encouraged to try a unit in your own home, using our 100% money back satisfaction guarantee. Chris Payne, Managing Director, LifeTools Slow wave photic stimulation in the treatment of headache A Preliminary Report by Glen D Solomon, MD (printed in Headache, the official publication of the American Association for the Study of Headache, August 16, 1985) Acute muscle contraction headache Fifteen patients, 10 female and five male, aged 21 to 41 years (mean 33.4 years), were treated with slow wave photic stimulation.
    [Show full text]
  • REAGAN NATIONAL DEFENSE FORUM Building Peace Through Strength for American Security
    REAGAN NATIONAL DEFENSE FORUM Building Peace Through Strength for American Security SATURDAY, NOVEMBER , RONALD REAGAN PRESIDENTIAL LIBRARY SIMI VALLEY, CALIFORNIA Mission Statement The Reagan National Defense Forum (RNDF) brings together leaders and key stakeholders in the defense community, including members of Congress, civilian officials and military leaders from the Defense Department and industry, to address the health of our national defense and stimulate a discussion that promotes policies that strengthen the US military in the future. In an era of fiscal austerity where the threats to our national security are increasing in number and complexity, the RNDF will allow senior leaders from the defense community to come together with viewpoints on how best to deal with it. Though President Reagan left office many years ago, the United States military continues to benefit from his commitment and vision for a strong military. Recognizing that today’s decisions will affect the military’s capabilities for years to come, the RNDF will charge leaders from current and past Administrations and Congress to look beyond the immediate issues facing the military and explore how we can build a strong national defense for the future. Honorary Steering Committee The Honorable Howard P. “Buck” McKeon, Chairman The Honorable Sam Nunn (Retired) The Honorable Robert Gates The Honorable George Shultz The Honorable Duncan L. Hunter (Retired) (Reagan Foundation Trustee) The Honorable James M. Inhofe The Honorable Adam Smith The Honorable Ann McLaughlin Korologos The Honorable John Warner (Retired) (Reagan Foundation Trustee) The Honorable Pete Wilson The Honorable Carl Levin (Reagan Foundation Trustee) Agenda The 2014 RNDF daylong conference includes a morning welcome reception, simultaneous morning and afternoon panel sessions, keynote luncheon, closing session with a special keynote address and museum tours of the Ronald Reagan Presidential Library.
    [Show full text]
  • Dopamine Neurons
    The Addicted Brain Presented by Larry Woodruff, M.S. Ed. [email protected] Expert Resources • Bruce Lipton, Ph.D. Cell biologist, former professor at University of Wisconsin School of Medicine Author and speaker • William Lovallo, Ph.D. Professor of psychiatry and behavioral sciences at University of Oklahoma • Jeanette Norden, Ph.D. Professor of cell and developmental biology Vanderbilt University Expert Resources • Richard Restak, M.D. Clinical Professor of Neurology George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences • Robert Sapolsky, Ph.D. Professor of Neurology and Neurosurgery Stanford University • Brian Luke Seaward, Ph.D. Author of many books on stress and holistic health. Founder and CEO of Inspiration Unlimited. Brain Facts • Adult brain contains ~86 billion neurons • Each neuron makes up to 10,000 connections • Adult brain makes up <3% of total body mass, but uses 20-25% of total body energy (6 kcals/billion neurons/day. • In the womb synaptic connections formed at 1million/second • By first month of life a quadrillion connections have formed Brain Facts • The human cortex contains ~16 billion neurons…More neurons than the cortex of any other animal on the planet. • ~Age 25 the Prefrontal cortex finally matures, and we achieve full potential for rational judgment • Women more prone to addiction than men Physiology of the Neural Impulse Neurons Basics of Neural Transmission • Dendrites receive input from other neurons • If the combined excitatory input reaches a threshold level, an electrical impulse is generated by the neuron (at the axon hillock) and it travels down the axon to the axon terminals • At that point the electrical signal releases chemical molecules (neurotransmitters) that flow into the tiny gap between that neuron and other neurons (called the synapse) and bind with specific receptors (special form of protein molecules) on the dendrites of those other neurons.
    [Show full text]
  • 2003 Catalyst Census of Women Board Directors
    This is Copyrighted Material 2003 Catalyst Census of Women Board Directors A Call to Action in a New Era of Corporate Governance This is Copyrighted Material ABOUT CATALYST Catalyst is the leading research and advisory organization working to advance women in business, with offices in New York, San Jose, and Toronto.As an independent, nonprofit membership organization, Catalyst uses a solutions- oriented approach that has earned the confidence of business leaders around the world. Catalyst conducts research on all aspects of women’s career advancement and provides strategic and web-based consulting services on a global basis to help companies and firms advance women and build inclusive work environments. In addition, we honor exemplary business initiatives that promote women’s leadership with our annual Catalyst Award. Catalyst is consistently ranked No. 1 among U.S. nonprofits focused on women’s issues by The American Institute of Philanthropy. This is Copyrighted Material 2003 Catalyst Census of Women Board Directors A Call to Action in a New Era of Corporate Governance Sponsored by: The Coca-Cola Company © 2003 by CATALYST NEW YORK 120 Wall Street, 5th Floor, New York, NY 10005-3904; (212) 514-7600; (212) 514-8470 fax SAN JOSE 2825 North First Street, Suite 200, San Jose, CA 95134-2047; (408) 435-1300; (408) 577-0425 fax TORONTO 8 King Street East, Suite 505, Toronto, Ontario M5C 1B5; (416) 815-7600; (416) 815-7601 fax email: [email protected]; www.catalystwomen.org Unauthorized reproduction of this publication or any part thereof is prohibited by federal law. Catalyst Publication Code D30; ISBN#0-89584-183-5 This is Copyrighted Material THE CATALYST HONOR ROLL—COMPANIES WITH 25 PERCENT OR MORE WOMEN DIRECTORS: 54 COMPANIES Company Women Directors Total Directors Percent Women Directors Golden West Financial Corporation 5 9 55.6 Avon Products, Inc.
    [Show full text]
  • Popular Cognitive Neuroscience, Brain Images, Self-Help and the Consumer*
    CAN WE TRUST CONSUMERS WITH THEIR BRAINS? POPULAR COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE, BRAIN IMAGES, SELF-HELP AND THE CONSUMER* Tracy D. Gunter** I. INTRODUCTION ................................... 483 II. THE BRAIN'S RISE TO PROMINENCE ................. 486 III. THE BRAIN AS A ROCK STAR ....................... 497 IV. THE RISE OF THE NEUROS AND NEURO SELF-HELP.......503 A. The Market for Brain Self Help Products ............. 506 B. Examples of Commercial Brain Products..............509 V. BRAIN SELF-HELP CONSUMERS AND CONSUMER PROTECTION ............................... ..... 514 A. Why Protect the Brain Self-Help Consumer?........518 B. Examples of Information Offered to Consumers... 523 C. Enhancing ConsumerLiteracy ....... ........ 532 VI. MECHANISMS OF CONSUMER PROTECTION ..... ...... 537 A. Self-Regula tion and Soft La w ...... ............... 539 B. DirectRegulation........................... 541 C CES Devices:An Example ofRegulation and Enforcement.. ................................ 543 VII. CONCLUSION .............................. ...... 550 I. INTRODUCTION Cognitive neuroscience captures the imagination by exploring connections between the physical brain and the abstract mind. Through recent advances in functional * ©2014 Tracy D. Gunter. All rights reserved ** Tracy Gunter, M.D., Associate Professor Of Clinical Psychiatry at the IU School of Medicine, Adjunct Professor of Law, Indiana University Robert H. McKinney School of Law, e-mail [email protected]. I thank research assistants Emily Steeb and Scott Spicer for editorial help and
    [Show full text]
  • UC DAVIS STUDY of CALIFORNIA WOMEN BUSINESS LEADERS a Census of Women Directors and Highest-Paid Executives 2015–16
    In Partnership with UC DAVIS STUDY OF CALIFORNIA WOMEN BUSINESS LEADERS A Census of Women Directors and Highest-Paid Executives 2015–16 1 NUMBER OF WOMEN FOR EVERY 7 MEN AMONG DIRECTORS AND HIGHEST-PAID EXECUTIVES IN CALIFORNIA’S LARGEST PUBLIC COMPANIES Released November 17, 2015 Visit our website on Advancing Women in Business Leadership gsm.ucdavis.edu/women THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK TABLE OF CONTENTS 2 Message from Interim Dean Ann Huff Stevens 3 Message from Our Partner: Marlene Williamson, CEO, Watermark 4 Methodology 5 Executive Summary 6 Trends 7 California’s Top 25: The Corporate Leaders of Gender Diversity in the Boardroom and Executive Suite 8 Women Board Directors of California’s 400 Largest Public Companies 9 - Woman Board Directors by Company 10 - Who are the Women Directors? 11 - Women Directors by Industry 12 - Women Board Directors by Company Size 13 - Women Board Directors by Location 14 - Women Board Directors: Race & Ethnicity 15 - Public Policy Impact: California Senate Concurrent Resolution 62 Urging More Women on Boards 16 Women Executives at California’s 400 Largest Public Companies 17 - Women Executives by Company 18 - Women in the Most Important Corporate Roles 19 - Women Executives by Industry 20 - Women Executives by Company Size 21 - Women Executives by Location 22 - Executive Compensation 24 San Francisco Bay Area Complete Datasets for the 2015 Study 25 Appendix A: California’s 400 Largest Public Companies Ranked by Percentage of Women Directors and Highest-Paid Executives (includes industry category and market capitalization) 31 Appendix B: Who’s Who of Women Directors and Highest-Paid Executives of California’s 400 Largest Public Companies (companies listed alphabetically, identifying women directors and executives) 39 Appendix C: 400 Companies by Location (listed county-by-county with city) Message from the Dean DEAR COLLEAGUES: The UC Davis Graduate School of Management is proud to publish our 11th annual UC Davis Study of California Women Business Leaders: A Census of Women Directors and Highest-Paid Executives.
    [Show full text]
  • Brains, Minds, and Computers in Literary and Science Fiction Neuronarratives
    BRAINS, MINDS, AND COMPUTERS IN LITERARY AND SCIENCE FICTION NEURONARRATIVES A dissertation submitted to Kent State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. by Jason W. Ellis August 2012 Dissertation written by Jason W. Ellis B.S., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2006 M.A., University of Liverpool, 2007 Ph.D., Kent State University, 2012 Approved by Donald M. Hassler Chair, Doctoral Dissertation Committee Tammy Clewell Member, Doctoral Dissertation Committee Kevin Floyd Member, Doctoral Dissertation Committee Eric M. Mintz Member, Doctoral Dissertation Committee Arvind Bansal Member, Doctoral Dissertation Committee Accepted by Robert W. Trogdon Chair, Department of English John R.D. Stalvey Dean, College of Arts and Sciences ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgements ........................................................................................................ iv Chapter 1: On Imagination, Science Fiction, and the Brain ........................................... 1 Chapter 2: A Cognitive Approach to Science Fiction .................................................. 13 Chapter 3: Isaac Asimov’s Robots as Cybernetic Models of the Human Brain ........... 48 Chapter 4: Philip K. Dick’s Reality Generator: the Human Brain ............................. 117 Chapter 5: William Gibson’s Cyberspace Exists within the Human Brain ................ 214 Chapter 6: Beyond Science Fiction: Metaphors as Future Prep ................................. 278 Works Cited ...............................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Sample Pages of a Research Paper Using Parenthetical Notes (Mla Format)
    SAMPLE PAGES OF A RESEARCH PAPER USING PARENTHETICAL NOTES (MLA FORMAT) Use 1-inch margins all around. Remember to double-space all text. Student's last name and page number goes in the top-right corner of each page. Doe 1 John Doe Professor Smith English 1302 5 February 2002 Just Sheer Naked Magic What weighs about three pounds but has more parts than there are stars in the Milky Way galaxy (Flieger)? What fills the space occupied by only three pints of milk yet includes components that, laid end to end, would stretch several hundred thousand miles (Diagram 19)? What looks like an oversized walnut made of soft, grayish-pink cheese but contains the equivalent of 100 trillion tiny calculators (Restak, Brain 27)? What, according to James Watson, co-discoverer of the helical structure of DNA, is "the most complex thing we have yet discovered in our universe" (qtd. in Begley 66)? To all four of these intriguing questions there is but one surprising answer: the human brain. This miraculous organ is remarkable in its structure, its function, and its chemical Doe 2 composition. What is the brain? According to Richard Restak, the human brain is the master control center of the body. The brain constantly receives information from the senses about conditions both inside the body and outside it. The brain rapidly analyzes this information and then sends out messages that control body functions and actions. ("Brain" 561) According to Tether, the brain is divided into three main parts: the cerebrum, the cerebellum, and the brain stem (421).
    [Show full text]
  • Contents Trade Offerings
    CONTENTS TRADE OFFERINGS The Secret Life of the Brain 2 Richard Restak, M.D. Eclipse 4 Duncan Steel In Search of the Lost Cord 6 Luba Vikhanski The Genomic Revolution 8 Rob DeSalle and Michael Yudell How Students Learn 10 National Research Council A Case of Chronic Neglect 11 Felicia Cohn, Marla Salmon, and John Stobo Previously Announced Books and New and Recently Published Books Adding It Up 13 Jeremy Kilpatrick, Jane Swafford, and Bradford Findell Educating Children with Autism 14 Catherine Lord and James P.McGee Knowing What Students Know 15 James Pellegrino, Robert Glaser, and Naomi Chudowsky Speaking of Health 16 Institute of Medicine Backlist Offerings 30 General Information 34 October General Interest Science ISBN 0-309-07435-5 $35.00 8 x 10, 224 pages, index Cloth with jacket Color photographs and illustrations A Joseph Henry Press book Rights: World MARKETING • Concurrent publicity with airing of PBS series in early 2002 • Full-color blads • National review attention • National print advertising campaign • National media attention: radio and television • Co-op available 2 THE SECRET LIFE OF THE BRAIN Richard Restak, M.D. with a foreword by David Grubin Companion to the five-part television series brought to PBS by award- winning producer David Grubin, The Secret Life of the Brain takes readers on a tour of the human brain. Lavishly illustrated and beautifully presented, the many mysteries of the brain are explored from infancy to old age. en years ago a presidential proclamation ushered in the “Decade of the Brain.”We have Dr. Richard Restak since realized enormous benefits from this decade of discovery.
    [Show full text]
  • Get to Know Sco Kim, the “Escher of the Alphabet”
    THERAPY SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER 2009 BY ELIZABETH STUMP Get to Know Sco} Kim, the “Escher of the Alphabet” Brain exercise games have been shown to delay memory decline, so the award-winning puzzlemaster is creating brainteasers for patients with neurologic disorders. If there's one thing that gets Scott Kim, Ph.D., out of bed in the morning, it's the chance to tackle a new mental challenge. And for more than two decades, Kim has channeled this passion into an award-winning career creating visual-thinking puzzles for computer games, the Web, mobile devices, magazines, and toys. Kim, who designs his puzzles as "brain exercise" and entertainment for the average consumer and for young students, recently embarked upon one of his latest projects: to create puzzles for patients with neurologic disorders. Neurology Now's May/June 2009 issue premiered Kim's work designed specifically for the magazine in the Neurobics section, page 9. Kim has long believed that puzzles can help boost brain power, and research is on his side: several studies, including one published in the August 2009 issue of the journal Neurology, show that cognitive activities like puzzles delay memory decline. Born in 1955, Kim later attended Stanford University and received a BA in music in 1977 and a self-designed Ph.D. in Computers and Graphic Design in 1988. During those two decades his interest in computer games grew, although it wasn't until he first played Tetris in the late 1980s that he decided to become a computer-game designer. "Tetris took a classic geometric puzzle and adapted it brilliantly to make a highly original computer game—the first computer puzzle game.
    [Show full text]
  • Brain and Blame
    University of Pennsylvania Carey Law School Penn Law: Legal Scholarship Repository Faculty Scholarship at Penn Law 1996 Brain and Blame Stephen J. Morse University of Pennsylvania Carey Law School Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.law.upenn.edu/faculty_scholarship Part of the Criminal Law Commons, Ethics and Political Philosophy Commons, Legal History Commons, Mental Disorders Commons, Nervous System Diseases Commons, Neurology Commons, Philosophy of Mind Commons, and the Psychological Phenomena and Processes Commons Repository Citation Morse, Stephen J., "Brain and Blame" (1996). Faculty Scholarship at Penn Law. 885. https://scholarship.law.upenn.edu/faculty_scholarship/885 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Penn Law: Legal Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Scholarship at Penn Law by an authorized administrator of Penn Law: Legal Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Brain and BRame STEPHEN J. MORSE* l. INTRODUCTION The discovery of biological pathology that may be associated with criminal behavior lures many people to treat the offender as purely a mechanism and the offensive conduct as simply the movements of a biological organism. Because mechanisms and their movements are not appropriate objects of moral and legal blame, the inevitable conclusion seems to be that the offender should not be held legally responsible. I suggest in contrast that abnormal biological causes of behavior are not grounds per se to excuse. Causation is not an excuse and, even within a more sophisticated theory of excuse, pathology will usually play a limited role in supporting an individual excuse.
    [Show full text]
  • Wal-Mart Stores General Motors Exxon Mobil Ford Motor General
    C.A. Lance Piccolo Ted H. McCourtneyHarris Diamond C. David Brown Dr. George Poste Leonard S. Coleman, Jr. CaremarkKristen Rx E. Gibney Williams Pauline D.E. Richards John R. MuseRonald Kirk Edward L. Hardin, Jr. Robert F. Smith P. Eugene Pender Joseph S. Hardin, Jr. Ronald L. Nelson Edwin M. Crawford Roger L. Headrick Robert W. Pittman Jim L. Turner Lewis M. CollensColleen Conway-WelchEdwin M. Banks Brian Mulroney Stanley C. Van Ness James A. Unruh Dr. Frank M.Timothy Gambino J. O\'Donovan Richard M. Thomson Robert E. Nederlander Cendant Pete Schenkel Dean Foods Stephen P. Holmes Gregg L. Engles Ida F. S. Schmertz James F. Wright M. Shân Atkins Jean-Pierre Millon Cheryl D. Mills Franklin E. AgnewPrudential Financial William A. Imparato Kirk Kerkorian Spartan Stores Ronald M. Popeil Hector M. Nevares Martin L. Edelman John F. Farrell, Jr. James D. Aljian George Poste, D.V.M., Ph.D. Daniel D. Lane Arthur F. Ryan George Herrera Melvin B. Wolzinger Alan J. BernonStephen L. Green Elizabeth Nickels Kenneth T. Stevens James J. Murren John Llewellyn, Jr. Myra J. Biblowit Jon F. Hanson William P. Foley, II James E. Buckman Cary H. Thompson Janet HillTom Davis Danny Phillips Frederic K. Becker Roger King Craig Sturken Fidelity National Financial Ronald W.Michael Burkle McCaffery AdvancePCS John C. Waddell John T. Redmond Stephen C. Patrick Timothy R. Donovan Terry N. Christensen General William Lyon Arthur Temple III Michael D. Ware David D. Halbert Frank P. Willey MGM Mirage Donald M. Carlton Roger B. Porter Ray Irani Henry R. Silverman Daniel W.
    [Show full text]