Pacific Islands Cooperative Ecological Studies Unit

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Pacific Islands Cooperative Ecological Studies Unit PACIFIC ISLANDS COOPERATIVE ECOLOGICAL STUDIES UNIT Department of Botany 3190 Maile Way Honolulu, Hawaii 96822 Technical Report DRAFT ETHNOGRAPHIC ASSESSMENT and OVERVIEW NATIONAL PARK of AMERICAN SAMOA Jocelyn Linnekin, Terry Hunt, Leslie Lang and Timothy McCormick The CESU is a cooperative program between The University of Hawaii and U.S. National Park Service November 2006 Ethnographic Assessment and Overview The National Park of American Samoa Table of Contents List of Tables and Figures iii List of Slides v Preface: Study Issues vi Maps vii Key to Maps x I. The Environmental Context 1 Climate and Vegetation 1 The National Park Environments 4 II. Archaeology and Samoan Prehistory 8 Early Settlement 8 Later Inland Settlement 9 Late Prehistoric Period 9 European Contact and the Historical Period 10 Archaeology in the National Park Units 10 III. Research Methodology 15 Documentary Phase 15 Field Research 15 Limitations of the Research 17 IV. Ethnohistory 22 Myths and Legends Relevant to the Park 22 The European Contact Period 25 Western Ethnohistorical and Ethnographic Reports 31 V. Agriculture and Domestically Useful Plants 46 Tutuila Unit 46 Ta'u Unit 49 Ofu Unit 51 Summary 52 VI. Marine Resources 53 Tutuila Unit 53 Ta'u Unit 57 Ofu Unit 58 Summary 61 i VII. Medicinal Plants 63 Ofu Unit 63 Ta'u Unit 66 Tutuila Unit 66 Summary 67 VIII. Analysis of Freelist Data 75 Crops and Cultivated Plants 76 Medicinal Plants 81 Fish and Marine Species 84 Animals and Birds 86 Summary of the Freelist Results 88 IX. Sites, Trails, and Cultural Landmarks 144 Settlement Sites 144 Sacred and Legendary Sites 145 Trails 148 Caves 149 Water Resources 150 X. Conclusions 152 Summary of Findings 152 Local Perceptions of the Park 153 Recommendations for Further Research 154 Annotated Bibliography 156 Appendices 167 1 Sample Survey Forms 168 2 Samoan and Taxonomic Names: Crops and Cultigens 172 3 Samoan and Taxonomic Names: Marine Species 174 4 Samoan and Taxonomic Names: Medicinal Plants 178 5 Samoan and Taxonomic Names: Fauna 183 ii List of Tables and Figures Table Page 1 Informants by Village and Gender 20 2 Surveys by Village, Topic, and Gender 21 3 Medicinal Use of Plants 68 4 Crops and Cultivated Plants, Tutuila 89 5 Crops, Tutuila: Correlation of each respondent with group 90 6 Crops and Cultivated Plants, Ta'u Unit (Fitiuta) 92 7 Crops, Ta'u: Correlation of each respondent with group 92 8 Crops and Cultivated Plants, Ofu Unit 94 9 Crops, Ofu: Correlation of each respondent with group 95 10 Crops and Cultivated Plants, All Units Combined 97 11 Crops and Cultigens, by Village and Unit 99 12 Woods Gathered on Park Land, by Village and Unit 101 13 Crops and Cultigens, All Units: Correlation of each respondent with group 103 14 Medicinal Plants, Tutuila Unit 104 15 Medicinals, Tutuila: Correlation of each respondent with group 105 16 Medicinal Plants, Ta'u (Fitiuta) 107 17 Medicinals, Ta'u: Correlation of each respondent with group 108 18 Medicinal Plants, Ofu Unit 110 19 Medicinals, Ofu: Correlation of each respondent with group 111 20 Medicinal Plants, All Units Combined 113 21 Medicinal Plants, by Village and Unit 115 22 Fish and Marine Species, Tutuila Unit 117 23 Marine Species, Tutuila: Correlation of each respondent with group 119 24 Fish and Marine Species, Ta'u Unit (Fitiuta) 121 25 Marine Species, Ta'u: Correlation of each respondent with group 122 26 Fish and Marine Species, Ofu Unit 124 27 Marine Species, Ofu: Correlation of each respondent with group 126 28 Fish and Marine Species, All Units Combined 128 29 Marine Species, by Village and Unit 131 30 Animals and Birds, by Village and Unit 136 31 Animals and Birds, Tutuila Unit 138 32 Fauna, Tutuila: Correlation of each respondent with group 139 33 Animals and Birds, Ta'u Unit (Fitiuta) 140 34 Animals and Birds, Ofu Unit 141 35 Animals and Birds, All Units Combined 142 iii Figure Page 1 Cluster Analysis, Crops and Cultigens, Tutuila 91 2 Cluster Analysis, Crops and Cultigens, Ta'u 93 3 Cluster Analysis, Crops and Cultigens, Ofu 96 4 Cluster Analysis, Crops and Cultigens, All Units 102 5 Cluster Analysis, Medicinal Plants, Tutuila 106 6 Cluster Analysis, Medicinal Plants, Ta'u (Fitiuta) 109 7 Cluster Analysis, Medicinal Plants, Ofu Unit 112 8 Multidimensional Scaling Plot, Marine Species, Tutuila 120 9 Cluster Analysis, Marine Species, Ta'u Unit (Fitiuta) 123 10 Multidimensional Scaling Plot, Marine Species, Ofu Unit 127 11 Cluster Analysis, Marine Species, All Units 134 iv List of Slides Number (Original no.) Description Page Ref. 1 (67) "Sister" rock at Luama'a, near Fitiuta 24 2 (9) Vatia plantations in Park, on Tiatauala Ridge 47 3 (47) Ta'amu and banana plantation at Saua, inside the Park 49 4 (25) Fitiuta resident weaving a fine mat using lau fala from her plantation near Saua, inside the Park 50 5 (53) Young fala plants along the road through Saua 50 6 (21) Fitiuta resident making coconut sennit 50 7 (113) Newly planted fala and bananas at To'aga, Ofu 51 8 (5) Paopao at Vatia 54 9 (1) Fua'o stick used by Afono people 56 10 (61) Fishing in the Park with a throw net (Fitiuta) 57 11 (63) Reef gathering in the Park near Fitiuta 57 12 (20) Bottles of matapisu and alili (Fitiuta) 57 13 (15) Uu caught in Park near Fitiuta 58 14 (83) The reef at To'aga, Ofu, at low tide 58 15 (91) Reef gathering in the Park, Ofu 58 16 (79) 'Enu fish trap, Ofu 59 17 (93) Woman at To'aga with her catch of four fe'e 59 18 (75) Medicinal plants (Ofu): lau mamae, 'ulu straw, and ti root 64 19 (17) Dried ma'anunu, Fitiuta 65 20 (105) Medicinal plants growing at To'aga, Ofu: fue fue saina (on left, smaller leaves), fue sina (on right, larger leaves), tae'oti (background, oval, serrated leaves) 65 21 (59) Old foot path running from Fitiuta village through the Saua plantation area 148 22 (13) Rock outcropping in the uplands of Afono where two caves are located 148 v Preface: Study Issues The Ethnographic Assessment and Overview of the National Park of American Samoa was commissioned to document the ethnohistorical background and cultural context of Park localities, as well as modern resource use within the Park, as a guide to policy making. The investigation has focused on the historical and cultural significance of Park areas and on how Samoans today utilize lands, forests, reefs, and offshore fisheries lying within the Park boundary. A detailed discussion of our research methodology is presented in Chapter III. After discussing the environmental, archaeological, and ethnohistorical contexts of the National Park of American Samoa, the report addresses agriculture, marine resource use, medicinal plants, and culturally significant sites. Quantitative analyses of systematic interview data on these topics are presented in Chapter VIII. The report concludes with a summary of findings, a discussion of how local residents perceive the Park, and with suggestions for future research. In order to maintain the anonymity and confidentiality of our informants, we do not name particular individuals in this report. However, we wish to thank collectively all of the residents of the villages participating in the Park for their hospitality, kindness, and cooperation during our study. We particularly thank the Park Service staff in Pago Pago-- Superintendent Christopher Stein and Chief Park Ranger Leota Vaea Ainu'u--for their unflagging assistance and support. Field work for this report was conducted in the early 1990s and the draft report completed in 1995. vi Key to Maps Map 1. Tutuila Unit. 1 Purported site of the village of Vatia in pre-Christian times. There are said to be a number of graves in this area, dating from 1800 or earlier. 2 Television tower. 3 Footpath from Pato Pago to Vatia. An adjoining path runs along the ridge to the TV tower. 4 Flat area used by Afono people as a refuge during attacks. 5 Area along Olo Ridge referred to as Asifelefele. There are graves in this area. 6 Two caves at an outcropping where someone from Afono used to stand watch to warn of attacks from the sea. 7 Footpath from Pago Pago to Afono. Map 2. Ta'u Unit. 1 Papalaina. A woman lived here in the late 1950s. 2 The stream that marks the Park boundary on the mountain side of the road is the stream that Pava floated down on his way to meet Tagaloa for the first 'ava ceremony. 3 Unmarked burials. Skeletons were discovered when the stone path through Saua was being built, ca. 1950. Some were reburied here by one person who was interviewed. The skeletons are reputed to be people killed in four battles with Ta'u, ca. 1817. 4 The 'sacred sand,' oneone le tanumia, from the creation legend. 5 Luama'a, site of the two rocks in the creation legend. 6 Area of large ta'amu plantations. 7 A well, on the mountain side of the road. 8 Cleared area where someone lived for about six years. Skeletons were discovered here and reburied in one corner of the clearing. 9 Ulufala Point, where the first Tagaloa and the first Tui Manu'a lived. A legend tells of all the people of the Pacific gathering here in their boats. 10 Former taro plantations and old village site. 11 Laufuti Stream, once popular for fishing and swimming, but less frequented since the hurricanes destroyed the access road. 12 Area described as the best fishing grounds. Map 3. Ofu Unit. No specific land sites were recorded in this Unit.
Recommended publications
  • Trip Planner
    National Park Service National Park of American Samoa U.S. Department of the Interior Trip Planner Explore the Islands of Sacred Earth Talofa (Hello)! The National Park Service welcomes you into the heart of the South Pacific, to a world of sights, sounds, and experiences that you will find in no other national park in the United States. Located some 2,600 miles southwest of Hawai’i, this is one of the most remote and newest national park’s in the United States. You will not find the usual facilities of most national parks. Instead, with a bit of the explorer’s spirit, you will discover secluded villages, rare plants and animals, coral sand beaches, and vistas of land and sea. The national park includes sections of three islands—Tutuila, Ta’u, and Ofu. Almost all the land area of these volcanic islands—from the mountaintops to the coast—is rainforest. About 4,000 acres of the national park is underwater, offshore from all three islands. Enjoy this unique national park in the heart of the South Pacific and the welcoming people of American Samoa. We are here to protect its rich culture and natural resources. Come explore them with us! TROPICAL RAINFOREST From the mountaintops to the ocean’s edge, the islands are covered with mixed-species, paleotropical rainforests. In mixed-species forests, no single tree or plant species dominates. This is the only rainforest of its kind in a United States national park. About 9,500 acres of tropical rainforest are protected here. WILDLIFE Bats are the only native mammals found in American Samoa.
    [Show full text]
  • O Tiafau O Le Malae O Le Fa'autugatagi a Samoa
    O TIAFAU O LE MALAE O LE FA’AUTUGATAGI A SAMOA: A STUDY OF THE IMPACT OF THE LAND AND TITLES COURT’S DECISIONS OVER CUSTOMARY LAND AND FAMILY TITLES by Telea Kamu Tapuai Potogi A thesis submitted in fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Master of Arts Copyright © 2014 by Telea Kamu Tapuai Potogi School of Social Sciences Faculty of Arts, Law & Education The University of the South Pacific August 2014 DECLARATION I, Telea Kamu Tapuai Potogi, declare that this thesis is my own work and that, to the best of my knowledge, it contains no material previously published, or substantially overlapping with material submitted for the award of any other degree at any institution, except where due acknowledgement is made in the text. Signature……………………………………………..Date…………………………….. Name …………………………………………………………………………………... Student ID No. ………………………………………………………………………… The research in this thesis was performed under my supervision and to my knowledge is the sole work of Mr. Telea Kamu Tapuai Potogi. Signature……………………………………………..Date…………………………….. Name …………………………………………………………………………………... Designation ……….…………………………………………………………………… Upu Tomua Le Atua Silisili ese, fa’afetai ua e apelepelea i matou i ou aao alofa, ua le afea i matou e se atua folau o le ala. O le fa’afetai o le fiafia aua ua gase le tausaga, ua mou atu fo’i peau lagavale ma atua folau sa lamatia le faigamalaga. O lenei ua tini pao le uto pei o le faiva i vai. Mua ia mua o ma fa’asao i le Atua o le Mataisau o le poto ma le atamai. O Lona agalelei, o le alofa le fa’atuaoia ma le pule fa’asoasoa ua mafai ai ona taulau o lenei fa’amoemoe.
    [Show full text]
  • High-Resolution Bathymetric Survey of Samoa
    EU-SOPAC Project Report 112 Reducing Vulnerability of Pacific ACP States SAMOA TECHNICAL REPORT High-Resolution Bathymetric Survey Fieldwork Undertaken from 27 January to 1 March 2004 October 2008 Western Samoa three-dimensional Digital Elevation Model Prepared by: Jens Krüger and Salesh Kumar SOPAC Secretariat May 2008 PACIFIC ISLANDS APPLIED GEOSCIENCE COMMISSION c/o SOPAC Secretariat Private Mail Bag GPO, Suva FIJI ISLANDS http://www.sopac.org Phone: +679 338 1377 Fax: +679 337 0040 www.sopac.org [email protected] Important Notice This report has been produced with the financial assistance of the European Community; however, the views expressed herein must never be taken to reflect the official opinion of the European Community. Samoa: High-Resolution Bathymetry EU EDF-SOPAC Reducing Vulnerability of Pacific ACP States – iii TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ......................................................................................................... 1 1. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................ 2 1.1 Background ................................................................................................................ 2 1.2 Geographic Situation .................................................................................................. 2 1.3 Geological Setting ...................................................................................................... 3 1.4 Previous Bathymetry Compilations............................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Download Press Release
    FEMA registrations for Aua, Alega, Avaio, Lauli’i, Afono, and Auto Release Date: April 10, 2018 PAGO PAGO, American Samoa – The American Samoa Government (ASG) and FEMA schedule more residents to register for assistance. Only heads of households need to register. Residents who were affected by Tropical Storm Gita may use the following schedule to register for assistance at the Disaster Recovery Center (DRC). Thursday, April 12, Aua all who preregistered Thursday, April 12, Alega and Avaio all who preregistered Friday, April 13, Lauli’i all who preregistered Friday, April 13, Afono all who preregistered Friday, April 13, Auto all who preregistered Saturday, April 14, Make-up day for Mapusaga, Tafeta, Taputimu, Leone, Fagasa, Vatia, Aumi, Aua, Alega, Avaio, Lauli’i, Afono, and Auto. Applicants should have the following information at hand: Social Security number. Address of the damaged primary residence. Description of the damage. Information about insurance coverage if applicable. A current contact telephone number. A PO Box where they can receive mail. Bank account and routing numbers for direct deposit of funds. The Territory and FEMA will continue to schedule dates and times for villages to register for federal assistance at the DRC. Disaster Survivor Assistance (DSA) teams will be available through Monday, April 16 to help register heads of household with access and functional needs. Call the Crisis Hotline at (684) 633-901 to request a home visit. After April 16, DSA teams will not be available. Anyone who already has a slip with DSA written on it is already registered. Page 1 of 2 Page printed at fema.gov/press-release/20210318/fema-registrations-aua-alega-avaio-laulii-afono-and-auto 09/29/2021 The DRC is located at the Department of Youth and Women Affairs, Pago Pago Sports Village, Pago Pago, AS 96799.
    [Show full text]
  • Day Hikes EXPERIENCE YOUR AMERICA Trails Map
    TUTUILA ISLAND Please Note: The colored circles with numbers refer to the trail location on the backside map. Easy Moderate Challenging 1 Pola Island Trail 2 Lower Sauma Ridge Trail 4 Le’ala Shoreline Trail Blunts and Breakers Point Trails 8 World War II Heritage Trail 10 Mount ‘Alava Adventure Trail This interpretive trail takes you to an archeological site Hike past multiple World War II installations that helped This challenging loop trail takes you along ridgelines This short, fairly flat trail leads to a rough and rocky This trail is located outside of the national park, on These trails are located outside of the national park. beach with views of the coastline and Pola Island. of an ancient star mound. Along the trail are exhibits private land, and provides access to the Le’ala Shoreline protect American Samoa from a Japanese invasion. with views of the north and central parts of the National Natural Landmark. Located at the top of these points are gun batteries and spectacular views of the northeast coastline of Also, enjoy the tropical rainforest and listen to native national park and island. Hike up and down “ladders” Distance: 0.1 mi / 0.2 km roundtrip that protected Pago Pago Harbor after the bombing the island and the Vai’ava Strait National Natural Beginning in the village of Vailoatai, this trail follows bird songs. Along the last section of the trail, experience or steps with ropes for balance. There are a total of of Pearl Harbor in 1941. They symbolize American Due to unfriendly dogs, please drive past the last house Landmark.
    [Show full text]
  • Am. Samoa Hazard Mitigation Plan, 2008
    American Samoa Revision and Update of the Territory Hazard Mitigation Plan April 28, 2008 2007 Project Team Territorial Emergency Management Coordinating Office Office of the Governor P.O. Box 997755 Pago Pago, American Samoa 96799 Phone: 011 (684) 699-6482 Fax: 011 (684) 699-6414 Email: [email protected] Website: http://www.asg-gov.com/agencies/temco.asg.htm American Samoa Disaster Recovery Office American Samoa Government Nu'uuli #26-500 P.O. Box 50018 Pago Pago, American Samoa 96799 Phone: 011 (684) 699-1330 Fax: 011 (684) 699-5005 Email: [email protected] Website: http://www.asg-gov.com Jamie Caplan Consulting LLC 351 Pleasant Street, #208 Northampton, MA 01060 USA Phone: 1(413) 586-0867 Fax: 1(413) 303-0412 Email: [email protected] Website: http://www.jamiecaplan.com 2003 Project Team Territorial Emergency Management Coordinating Office Office of the Governor P.O. Box 997755 Pago Pago, American Samoa 96799 Phone: 011 (684) 699-6482 Fax: 011 (684) 699-6414 Email: [email protected] Website: http://www.asg- gov.com/agencies/temco.asg.htm East West Center 1601 East-West Road Honolulu, HI 96848-1601 USA Phone: 1 (808) 944-7111 Fax: 1 (808) 944-7376 Email: [email protected] Website: http://www.EastWestCenter.org Pacific Disaster Center 1305 N. Holopono St. #2 Kihei, HI, 96753-6900 USA Phone: 1 (808) 891-0525 Fax: 1 (808) 891-0526 Email: [email protected] Website: http://www.pdc.org Social Science Research Institute University of Hawaii at Manoa 2424 Maile Way Saunders Hall, Suite 704 Honolulu, HI 96822 USA Phone: 1 (808) 956-8930 Fax: 1 (808) 956-2884 Email: [email protected] Website: http://www.socialsciences.hawaii.edu/ssri/ The 2007 American Samoa Hazard Mitigation Plan was developed by a consulting team from Jamie Caplan Consulting LLC, and the Lieutenant Governor, the Territorial Emergency Management Coordinating Office, the staff of the American Samoa Disaster Recovery Office, the Territorial Hazard Mitigation Council and Directors and technical staff of the American Samoa Government.
    [Show full text]
  • Health & Climate Change
    SAMOA HEALTH & CLIMATE CHANGE COUNTRY PROFILE 2020 Small Island Developing States Initiative CONTENTS 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 2 KEY RECOMMENDATIONS 3 BACKGROUND 4 CLIMATE HAZARDS RELEVANT FOR HEALTH 7 HEALTH VULNERABILITY TO CLIMATE CHANGE 10 HEALTH IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE 13 HEALTH SECTOR RESPONSE: MEASURING PROGRESS Acknowledgements This document was developed in collaboration with the Government of Samoa and the Ministry of Health. ii Health and Climate Change Country Profile EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Despite producing very little greenhouse gas the health sector is appreciative for the strategic emissions that cause climate change, people living climate change and health framework that resulted in small island developing States (SIDS) are on the from this work. Many of the outcomes of the health front line of climate change impacts. Recognizing component of this project have provided climate the unique and immediate threats faced by small and health baseline data and, more importantly, islands, WHO has responded by introducing the strategic guidance to the work of climate and health. WHO Special Initiative on Climate Change and Health in Small Island Developing States (SIDS). The initiative The Climate Adaptation Strategy for Health was launched in November 2017 in collaboration provides a strategic framework to strengthen the with the United Nations Framework Convention on resilience of the health sector, to improve the Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the Fijian Presidency capacity of the health sector, risk management of the COP23 in Bonn Germany, with the vision that and response to disasters and climate change. by 2030 all health systems in SIDS will be resilient Furthermore, the strategy aims to support cross- to climate variability and climate change.
    [Show full text]
  • Ethnographic Assessment and Overview National Park of American Samoa
    PACIFIC COOPERATIVE STUDIES UNIT UNIVERSITY OF HAWAI`I AT MĀNOA Dr. David C. Duffy, Unit Leader Department of Botany 3190 Maile Way, St. John #408 Honolulu, Hawai’i 96822 Technical Report 152 ETHNOGRAPHIC ASSESSMENT AND OVERVIEW NATIONAL PARK OF AMERICAN SAMOA November 2006 Jocelyn Linnekin1, Terry Hunt, Leslie Lang and Timothy McCormick 1 Email: [email protected]. Department of Anthropology, University of Connecticut Beach Hall Room 445, U-2176 354 Mansfield Road Storrs, Connecticut 06269-2176 Ethnographic Assessment and Overview The National Park of American Samoa Table of Contents List of Tables and Figures iii List of Slides v Preface: Study Issues vi Maps vii Key to Maps x I. The Environmental Context 1 Climate and Vegetation 1 The National Park Environments 4 II. Archaeology and Samoan Prehistory 8 Early Settlement 8 Later Inland Settlement 9 Late Prehistoric Period 9 European Contact and the Historical Period 10 Archaeology in the National Park Units 10 III. Research Methodology 15 Documentary Phase 15 Field Research 15 Limitations of the Research 17 IV. Ethnohistory 22 Myths and Legends Relevant to the Park 22 The European Contact Period 25 Western Ethnohistorical and Ethnographic Reports 31 V. Agriculture and Domestically Useful Plants 46 Tutuila Unit 46 Ta'u Unit 49 Ofu Unit 51 Summary 52 VI. Marine Resources 53 Tutuila Unit 53 Ta'u Unit 57 Ofu Unit 58 Summary 61 i VII. Medicinal Plants 63 Ofu Unit 63 Ta'u Unit 66 Tutuila Unit 66 Summary 67 VIII. Analysis of Freelist Data 75 Crops and Cultivated Plants 76 Medicinal Plants 81 Fish and Marine Species 84 Animals and Birds 86 Summary of the Freelist Results 88 IX.
    [Show full text]
  • American Samoa Power Authority P.O
    UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY REGION IX 75 Hawthorne Street b San Francisco, CA 94105 December 14, 2007 In Reply Refer To: WTR-7 Michael Keyser, Acting CEO American Samoa Power Authority P.O. Box PPB Pago Pago, AS 96799 Re: July 16-19, 2007 Clean Water Act Inspections Dear Mr. Keyser: Enclosed is the December 14, 2007 report for our July 16-19 diagnostic inspection of the American Samoa Power Authority (“ASPA”), Tutuila Island sewage treatment works. We found that the ASPA wastewater utility functions as designed and up to capability. The sewage treatment plants and their sewer collections systems are well run and maintained. The staff is trained, largely experienced, and capable to successfully operate and maintain plant and equipment. However, funding is not linked to the sewer services and lessened engineering capability has made it difficult to accomplish capital improvement projects. Future compliance largely depends on whether the NPDES permits are reissued with 301(h) waivers intact, and how compliance with the water quality standards will be measured. Without the waivers, future capital costs associated with treatment plant upgrades to full secondary treatment could range up to above $20 million. The main requirements and recommendations of this inspection are summarized below: • ASPA should complete the upgrade of the Airport force main and the rehabilitation of the Malaloa lift station. • ASPA should complete a rate study to determine the costs to operate and maintain the wastewater sewerage works as well as the costs of capital improvements. • ASPA should consider reinstating formal staff training through courses in the operation and maintenance of plant and equipment.
    [Show full text]
  • 2016 CENSUS Brief No.1
    P O BOX 1151 TELEPHONE: (685)62000/21373 LEVEL 1 & 2 FMFM II, Matagialalua FAX No: (685)24675 GOVERNMENT BUILDING Email: [email protected] APIA Website: www.sbs.gov.ws SAMOA 2016 CENSUS Brief No.1 Revised version Population Snapshot and Household Highlights 30th October 2017 1 | P a g e Foreword This publication is the first of a series of Census 2016 Brief reports to be published from the dataset version 1, of the Population and Housing Census, 2016. It provides a snapshot of the information collected from the Population Questionnaire and some highlights of the Housing Questionnaire. It also provides the final count of the population of Samoa in November 7th 2016 by statistical regions, political districts and villages. Over the past censuses, the Samoa Bureau of Statistics has compiled a standard analytical report that users and mainly students find it complex and too technical for their purposes. We have changed our approach in the 2016 census by compiling smaller reports (Census Brief reports) to be released on a quarterly basis with emphasis on different areas of Samoa’s development as well as demands from users. In doing that, we look forward to working more collaboratively with our stakeholders and technical partners in compiling relevant, focused and more user friendly statistical brief reports for planning, policy-making and program interventions. At the same time, the Bureau is giving the public the opportunity to select their own data of interest from the census database for printing rather than the Bureau printing numerous tabulations which mostly remain unused.
    [Show full text]
  • American Samoa
    Date visited: November 8, 2016 American Samoa Previous (American Revolutionary War) (/entry/American_Revolutionary_War) Next (American civil religion) (/entry/American_civil_religion) American Samoa Amerika Sāmoa / Sāmoa Amelika is an unorganized, American Samoa incorporated territory of the United States (/entry/File:American_samoa_coa.png) (/entry/File:Flag_of_American_Samoa.svg) Flag Coat of arms Motto: "Samoa, Muamua Le Atua" (Samoan) "Samoa, Let God Be First" Anthem: The Star­Spangled Banner, Amerika Samoa (/entry/File:LocationAmericanSamoa.png) Capital Pago Pago1 (de facto (/entry/De_facto)), Fagatogo (seat of (/entry/List_of_national_capitals) government) Official languages English, Samoan Government ­ President Barack Obama (/entry/Barack_Obama) (D) ­ Governor Togiola Tulafono (D) ­ Lieutenant Governor Ipulasi Aitofele Sunia (D) Unincorporated territory of the United States (/entry/United_States) ­ Tripartite Convention 1899 ­ Deed of Cession of Tutuila 1900 ­ Deed of Cession of Manu'a 1904 ­ Annexation of Swains Island 1925 Area (/entry/List_of_countries_and_outlying_territories_by_area) Date visited: November 8, 2016 199 km² (212th ­ Total (/entry/List_of_countries_and_outlying_territories_by_area)) 76.83 sq mi ­ Water (%) 0 Population ­ 2009 estimate 66,432 ­ 2000 census 57,291 326/km² ­ Density 914/sq mi GDP (/entry/Gross_domestic_product) 2007 estimate (PPP) ­ Total $575.3 million ­ Per capita (/entry/Per_capita) Currency (/entry/Currency) US dollar (USD) Internet TLD (/entry/List_of_Internet_top­ .as level_domains) Calling code ++1­684 (/entry/List_of_country_calling_codes) (/entry/United_States), located in the South Pacific Ocean (/entry/Pacific_Ocean) southeast of the sovereign state of Samoa (/entry/Samoa). The native inhabitants of its 70,000 people are descended from seafaring Polynesians (/entry/Polynesia) who populated many islands in the South Pacific. It is a destination spot of many vacationers due to its seasonally sublime climate and miles of clear sandy beaches.
    [Show full text]
  • PACIFIC REGIONAL NAVIGATION INITIATIVE SAMOA Hydrographic
    Hydrographic Authority PACIFIC REGIONAL NAVIGATION INITIATIVE SAMOA Hydrographic Risk Assessment Annexes Report Number: RNALZ17001_C Version: 1.1 Date: 17 September 2017 SAMOA Hydrographic Risk Assessment _________________________________________________________________________________________ Supported by the New Zealand Aid Programme PACIFIC REGIONAL NAVIGATION INITIATIVE SAMOA Hydrographic Risk Assessment Annexes A joint production by: Land Information New Zealand Level 7 Radio New Zealand House 155 The Terrace Wellington NEW ZEALAND and Rod Nairn & Associates Pty Ltd Hydrographic and Maritime Consultants ABN 50 163 730 58 42 Tamarind Drive Cordeaux Heights NSW AUSTRALIA Authors: Rod Nairn, Michael Beard, Stuart Caie, Ian Harrison, James O’Brien Disclaimer: The views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect those of the New Zealand Government. Satellite AIS data under licence from ORBCOM (augmented by IHS Global Pte Ltd) ii Rod Nairn and Associates Pty Ltd Hydrographic and Maritime Consultants SAMOA Hydrographic Risk Assessment _________________________________________________________________________________________ SAMOA Hydrographic Risk Assessment Annexes A. Event Trees B. GIS Track Creation and Processing C. Traffic Risk Calculation D. Likelihood and Consequence Factors E. Hydrographic Risk Factor Weighting Matrices F. Hydrographic Risk Calculations G. Benefits of Hydrographic Surveys to SAMOA H. List of Consultations References RNA 20170916_C_V1.1 iii SAMOA Hydrographic Risk Assessment _________________________________________________________________________________________
    [Show full text]