Using Serious Games to Teach Cause Effect Relationships in Asphalt Quality
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Using Serious Games to Teach Cause Effect Relationships in Asphalt Quality By Peter Verzijl s1317369 University of Twente EWI Creative Technology Supervisor Job Zwiers 2nd Robby van Delden Client Janine Profijt Figure 1: Asphalt Pave Simulator '17 Screenshot Introduction In 2018 the minister of OCW, Education Culture and Science (Onderwijs Cultuur en Wetenschap in Dutch), plans to make minor like modules mandatory for all MBO (Secondary vocational education, Middelbaar Beroepsonderwijs in Dutch) education [1]. Minors, which are similar to electives, where students spend half a semester deepening their knowledge in the chosen subject. The University of Twente and the department of Civil Engineering are developing such a minor for infrastructure education. This minor will deepen the students’ knowledge on asphalt road construction and the emerging technologies that are developed in the field. This was needed as the study material did no longer reflect the state of the industry, as stated by two teachers from both the ROC of Twente (Regional Education Center, Regionaal Opleidingen Centrum in Dutch) and SOMA College (Foundation for the Education of Machinists for Contractor Companies, Stichting tot Opleidingen van Machinisten voor Aannemersbedrijven in Dutch). Janine Profijt develops this minor in cooperation with the construction conglomerate ASPARi. Janine is also the client supervisor for this project. The minor consists of an introduction, five assignments and an evaluation in the form of a presentation and a portfolio. In the third assignment of the minor, a serious game is played by the student in order for them to better understand the cause effect relationships in asphalt quality. The learning objective of the game is to prepare the player/learner to make real time decisions in the field based on the data that emerging technologies bring. These technologies include: real time weather data, real time heat maps from thermal cameras attached to waltzes and asphalt spreader, location data from both machines and microwave density sensors. The student needs to be able to prepare for weather conditions and make real time decisions when these conditions change to preserve the quality of the asphalt. The design serious game and its development is the objective of this project. Therefore, the research question is stated as: How can an effective serious game be developed for teaching students to make better decisions in both the planning phase as well as during the construction work, based on both real-time data and environmental factors? From this main research question, two sub-questions need to be answered before the main question can be resolved: How could the cause effect relationships between external factors and the quality of the asphalt be best taught by means of this serious game? What type of interactions with the simulation are best suited to train students to make better decisions based on real-time weather, temperature and geolocation data in the real word? In the next chapter, the state of the art on the creation of serious games will be handled as well as a short introduction to asphalt quality. After the state of the art, a methodology for designing and development of the game and a method for testing the serious game will be discussed. The results of the test and a discussion on the resulting serious game will be discussed in the section thereafter. Finally, a discussion on the results will follow, which includes recommendations for future work, limitations and a figure and reference list. Table of Contents USING SERIOUS GAMES TO TEACH CAUSE EFFECT RELATIONSHIPS IN ASPHALT QUALITY ............................................................................................................................................... 1 ABSTRACT ........................................................................... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................. 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS ....................................................................................................................... 4 STATE OF THE ART ............................................................................................................................ 7 EXISTING SERIOUS- / SIMULATION GAMES ........................................................................................... 7 Graphical Simulations .................................................................................................................... 7 XPactor ...................................................................................................................................................... 7 Construction Simulator 2 ........................................................................................................................... 8 University of Twente Simulations .............................................................................................................. 9 Non Graphical Simulations ............................................................................................................. 9 SERIOUS GAME TECHNOLOGIES ......................................................................................................... 10 Unity 3D ........................................................................................................................................ 10 Unreal Engine ............................................................................................................................... 11 Java LWJGL, jMonkey and other Java engines ............................................................................ 12 SEROUS GAME CREATION METHODOLOGIES ...................................................................................... 13 Balancing Engagement and Education ......................................................................................... 14 TESTING SERIOUS GAMES .................................................................................................................. 14 ASPHALT QUALITY ............................................................................................................................. 15 PRE-EXISTING ASPHALT HEAT & COMPACTION VISUALIZATION METHODS ...................................... 15 ANALYSIS OF EXECUTORS AND CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS ................................................................ 15 An Executors Project Description ................................................................................................. 15 Decisions Made by Executors ....................................................................................................... 16 Possible Problems During Construction....................................................................................... 17 Grading Systems for Decisions ..................................................................................................... 18 Usage of (Real-time) Data in Asphalt Construction ..................................................................... 18 Positional Tracking .................................................................................................................................. 19 Temperature Measuring ........................................................................................................................... 19 Compaction Sensors ................................................................................................................................. 19 Real-time Weather Data ........................................................................................................................... 20 METHODS ............................................................................................................................................ 21 INTRODUCTION & SUB QUESTIONS ..................................................................................................... 21 DEFINING LEARNING GOALS .............................................................................................................. 21 IDEATION ............................................................................................................................................ 23 Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 23 First Ideation Phase ...................................................................................................................... 23 Initial Idea Phase .......................................................................................................................... 24 3 Concepts ..................................................................................................................................... 24 Concept 1 - Planning & Simulation ......................................................................................................... 24 Concept 2 - Asphalt Road Construction Adventures ................................................................................ 24 Concept 3 - Asphalt Road Construction Tycoon ...................................................................................... 25 Concepts Summary ........................................................................................................................ 25 Chosen Concept & Results Ideation Phase 1 ...............................................................................