DOCSLIB.ORG

UC San Diego UC San Diego Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
UC San Diego UC San Diego Electronic Theses and Dissertations UC San Diego UC San Diego Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title Phase transformations in nickel-rich nickel-titanium alloys : influence of strain-rate, temperature, thermomechanical treatment and nickel composition on the shape memory and superelastic characteristics Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7dt6n9p8 Author Adharapurapu, Raghavendra R. Publication Date 2007 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO Phase Transformations in Nickel-rich Nickel-Titanium Alloys: Influence of Strain-rate, Temperature, Thermomechanical Treatment and Nickel Composition on the Shape Memory and Superelastic Characteristics A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Materials Science and Engineering by Raghavendra R. Adharapurapu Committee in charge: Professor Kenneth S. Vecchio, Chair Professor Prabhakar R. Bandaru Professor Sungho Jin Professor John B. Kosmatka Professor Robert O. Ritchie 2007 Copyright Raghavendra R. Adharapurapu, 2007 All rights reserved The dissertation of Raghavendra R. Adharapurapu is approved, and it is acceptable in quality and form for publication on microfilm: _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ Chair University of California, San Diego 2007 iii DEDICATION Dedicated to My Parents, who taught me how to speak My Guru, who taught me how to be silent iv TABLE OF CONTENTS Signature Page...............................................................................................................iii Dedication......................................................................................................................iv Table of Contents ...........................................................................................................v List of Figures...............................................................................................................xii List of Tables.............................................................................................................xxiii Acknowledgements ...................................................................................................xxiv Curriculum Vitae......................................................................................................xxvii Abstract......................................................................................................................xxxi 1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................1 1.1 General introduction.......................................................................................1 1.2 Motivation and Purpose of the study..............................................................3 1.3 Objectives.....................................................................................................11 1.4 Significance of the study ..............................................................................13 1.5 Relevance to practical applications ..............................................................16 1.6 Arrangement of the thesis.............................................................................17 1.7 Figures ..........................................................................................................19 1.8 References ....................................................................................................20 2 BACKGROUND.................................................................................................28 2.1 Basic Phenomenon .......................................................................................28 2.1.1 What is unique about NiTi alloy?.........................................................28 2.1.2 Brief History.........................................................................................29 2.1.3 Thermoelasticity and Martensitic Transformations..............................37 v 2.1.4 Martensitic transformation in Ni-Ti alloys...........................................48 2.1.4.1 Crystal Structures of the austenite and the martensite phases..........48 2.1.4.2 Twinning...........................................................................................50 2.1.4.3 Twinning and Twins in NiTi ............................................................56 2.1.4.4 Classification of twin types ..............................................................60 2.1.4.5 Austenite-martensite interface..........................................................61 2.1.5 Effect of stress on the martensitic transformation................................68 2.1.6 Pseudoelasticity and Superelasticity.....................................................75 2.1.7 Shape memory effect: Origin and mechanisms....................................78 2.1.8 One-way, Two-way and All-round shape memory effect ....................80 2.1.9 Rubber-like effect and Pseudoelasticity ...............................................84 2.2 R-phase Transition........................................................................................86 2.3 Physical Metallurgy and Processing of NiTi alloys .....................................89 2.3.1 Phase diagram.......................................................................................89 2.3.2 Precipitation in NiTi alloys ..................................................................91 2.3.3 Crystal structure of different precipitates.............................................92 2.3.4 Processing of Ni-Ti alloys: Effect of Ni composition..........................95 2.3.5 Tailoring transformation temperatures: Effect of various parameters102 2.3.6 Multiple-stage Transformations (MST) .............................................104 2.4 Deformation behavior of NiTi alloys .........................................................111 2.4.1 Effect of temperature..........................................................................111 2.4.2 Effect of thermomechanical treatment ...............................................115 2.5 Summary of Objectives ..............................................................................119 vi 2.6 Figures ........................................................................................................119 2.7 References ..................................................................................................152 3 EVOLUTION OF MULTIPLE-STAGE TRANSFORMATIONS (MST) IN NICKEL-RICH 50.8-NiTi: EFFECTS OF AGING AND COOLING RATE ON THE SHAPE MEMORY CHARACTERISTICS .................................................178 3.1 Abstract.......................................................................................................178 3.2 Introduction ................................................................................................179 3.3 Experimental...............................................................................................189 3.3.1 Materials and microstructure..............................................................189 3.3.2 Texture Measurements .......................................................................190 3.3.3 Experimental Procedure ....................................................................193 3.4 Results and Discussion...............................................................................194 3.4.1 Phase Transformations: DSC Results.................................................194 3.4.1.1 As-Received: Transformation sequence.........................................194 3.4.1.2 Effect of aging Temperature (Aged+WQ): Evolution of MST......197 3.4.1.3 Effect of cooling rate......................................................................209 3.4.2 Stress-strain Response of NiTi ...........................................................215 3.4.2.1 As-received: Stress-Strain Behavior...............................................215 3.4.2.2 Effect of Aging Temperature: Aged+WQ......................................216 3.4.2.3 Effect of Cooling rate .....................................................................219 3.4.3 Discussion...........................................................................................220 3.5 Conclusions ................................................................................................224 3.6 Acknowledgements ....................................................................................225 vii 3.7 Figures ........................................................................................................226 3.8 References ..................................................................................................240 4 HIGH STRAIN-RATE RESPONSE OF NiTi SHAPE MEMORY ALLOY: A SYSTEMATIC INVESTIGATION OF TEMPERATURE EFFECTS ON TENSION-COMPRESSION ASYMMETRY .......................................................248 4.1 Abstract.......................................................................................................248 4.2 Introduction ................................................................................................249 4.3 Experimental Procedure.............................................................................253 4.3.1 Materials and Specimen .....................................................................253
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Thermomechanical Model for Niti-Based Shape Memory Alloys Including R-Phase and Material Anisotropy Under Multi-Axial Loadings
    Thermomechanical model for NiTi-based shape memory alloys covering macroscopic localization of martensitic transformation M. Frosta,b,∗, B. Beneˇsov´aa,c, H. Seinera, M. Kruˇz´ıkd, P. Sittnerˇ e,b, P. Sedl´aka,b aCzech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Thermomechanics, Dolejˇskova 5, 18200 Prague, Czech Republic bCzech Academy of Sciences, Nuclear Physics Institute, Husinec - Reˇz130,ˇ 250 68, Reˇz,ˇ Czech Republic cDepartment of Mathematical Analysis, Charles University, Sokolovsk´a83, 18600 Prague, Czech Republic dCzech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Information Theory and Automation, Pod Vod´arenskou vˇeˇz´ı4, 18200, Prague, Czech Republic eCzech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Physics, Na Slovance 2, 18221 Prague, Czech Republic Abstract The work presents a thermomechanical model for polycrystalline NiTi-based shape memory alloys developed within the framework of generalized standard solids, which is able to cover loading-mode dependent localization of the martensitic transformation. The key point is the introduction of a novel austenite-martensite interaction term responsible for strain-softening of the material. Mathematical properties of the model are analyzed and a suitable regularization and a time-discrete approximation for numerical implementation to the finite-element method are proposed. Model performance is illustrated on two numerical simulations: tension of a superelastic NiTi ribbon and bending of a superelastic NiTi tube. Keywords: NiTi shape memory alloys, constitutive modeling, localizaton, Mori-Tanaka method 1. Introduction Having found many applications in medicine, civil engineering or aerospace industry (Mohd Jani et al., 2014), NiTi-based alloys are a prominent class within shape memory alloys (SMAs) usually utilized in the form of thin structures, e.g.
    [Show full text]
  • Arxiv:1903.02187V1 [Cond-Mat.Mtrl-Sci] 6 Mar 2019 Phase-field Theory Based Models, Crystal-Plasticity Theory Based Models, and Classical J2-flow Theory Based Models
    A three-dimensional constitutive model for the martensitic transformation in polycrystalline shape memory alloys under large deformation L. Xua, T. Baxevanisb, D. C. Lagoudasa,c aDepartment of Aerospace Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA bDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA cDepartment of Materials Science & Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA Abstract This work presents a three-dimensional constitutive model for the martensitic transformation in polycrystalline Shape Memory Alloys (SMAs) under large deformation. By utilizing the logarithmic strain and rate, the model is able to account for large strains and rotations that SMA-based components may undertake, but also resolves the artificial stress errors caused by the non-integrable objective rates that are widely used in current commercial finite element software. The model is developed through classical thermodynamic laws combined with the standard Coleman-Noll procedure. The scalar martensitic volume fraction and the second-order transformation strain tensor are chosen as the internal state variables to capture the material response exhibited by polycrystalline SMAs. A detailed implementation procedure of the proposed model is described through a user-defined material subroutine. Numerical experiments considering SMA components including a bar, a beam, a torque tube and a solid flexible structure under stress/thermally-induced phase transformations are investigated via the proposed model, and the results under cyclic loading are compared against the predictions provided by the Abaqus nonlinear solver. The development framework of the proposed model and its implementation procedure can be extended to incorporate other nonlinear phenomena exhibited by SMAs, such as transformation-induced plasticity, viscoplasticity, and damage under large deformation.
    [Show full text]
  • Elastocaloric Effect and Superelastic Stability in Ni–Mn–In–Co
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Elastocaloric effect and superelastic stability in Ni–Mn–In–Co polycrystalline Heusler alloys: Received: 9 December 2016 Accepted: 10 April 2017 hysteresis and strain-rate effects Published: xx xx xxxx Binfeng Lu1,2,3 & Jian Liu2,3 Controlling material hysteresis and working frequency variability are fundamentally important for refrigeration cycle efficiency and power density in solid-state cooling systems. For elastocaloric cooling, understanding the relationship between the width of the stress hysteresis and elastocaloric behaviour during superelastic cycles under varied strain rates is important. In this work, we report the effects of strain rate effects on the superelastic and elastocaloric responses in Ni45Mn50−xInxCo5 (x = 13.6–14.0 in at%) polycrystalline alloys. We observed a strong correlation between stress hysteresis and superelastic stability during mechanical cycling under increasing strain rates. Excellent transformation reversibility and stable superelastic responses are observed for x = 13.6 with a narrow hysteresis (49 MPa), whereas transformation irreversibility and dramatically deteriorated superelastic stability occur for x = 13.8, with a wide hysteresis (138 MPa). Furthermore, isothermal loading–unloading cycles under increasing and constant maximum applied stress were performed for the x = 13.6 samples, with a combination of low transformation stress and small transformation hysteresis. We suggest that a balance between transformation strain and hysteresis energy loss is fundamental to achieving a high coefficient of performance for elastocaloric materials. Because of priorities in energy savings and eco-friendliness, novel solid-state refrigeration techniques based on the caloric effect from solid-state transformation driven by external stimuli have been proposed, as potential alternatives to conventional vapour compression cooling and are attracting significant attention1–5.
    [Show full text]
  • Advancing Caloric Materials for Efficient Cooling: Key Scientific and Device-Related Materials Challenges for Impact
    Materials Science and Engineering Reports Materials Science and Engineering 12-2015 Advancing Caloric Materials for Efficient Cooling:e K y Scientific and Device-Related Materials Challenges for Impact Jun Cui Iowa State University, [email protected] Duane D. Johnson Iowa State University, [email protected] Vitalij K. Pecharsky Iowa State University and Ames Laboratory, [email protected] Ichiro Takeuchi University of Maryland Qiming Zhang The Pennsylvania State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/mse_reports Part of the Ceramic Materials Commons, Mechanics of Materials Commons, and the Polymer and Organic Materials Commons Recommended Citation Cui, Jun; Johnson, Duane D.; Pecharsky, Vitalij K.; Takeuchi, Ichiro; and Zhang, Qiming, "Advancing Caloric Materials for Efficient Cooling:e K y Scientific and Device-Related Materials Challenges for Impact" (2015). Materials Science and Engineering Reports. 1. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/mse_reports/1 This Report is brought to you for free and open access by the Materials Science and Engineering at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Materials Science and Engineering Reports by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Advancing Caloric Materials for Efficient Cooling: Key Scientific and Device-Related Materials Challenges for Impact 1 ON THE COVERS FRONT A photograph of the first magnetocaloric refrigerator prototype, built by Astronautics Corporation of America and Ames Laboratory in 1997, powered by a 5 Tesla superconducting magnet and operating near room temperature. [From, Carl Zimm, et al., “Description and Performance of a Near-Room-Temperature Magnetic Refrigerator,” in Advances in Cryogenic Engineering, Vol.
    [Show full text]
  • Design, Simulation and Experimental Study of Shape Memory Alloy and Micro-Motor Activated High Pressure Optical Cell for Bio-Physical Studies Oliver Hongchun Xie Prof
    Design, Simulation and Experimental Study of Shape Memory Alloy and Micro-motor Activated High Pressure Optical Cell for Bio-Physical Studies A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Drexel University by Oliver Hongchun Xie in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Philadelphia, PA October 2007 i Drexel University Office of Graduate Studies Thesis Approval Form (For Masters and Doctoral Students) Hagerty Library will bind a copy of this form with each copy of your Thesis/dissertation. This thesis, entitled __Design, Simulation and Experimental Study of Shape Memory Alloy _____and Micro-motor Activated High Pressure Optical Cell for Bio-Physical Studies___ ______________________________________________________________________________ and authored by_________Oliver_Hongchun Xie_________ , is hereby accepted and approved. Signatures: Chairman, Examining Committee: Supervising Professor: ________________________________ ________________________________ Committee Members: ________________________________ ________________________________ ________________________________ ________________________________ ________________________________ ________________________________ Program Advisor: Department Head: ________________________________ ________________________________ Dedications To my mother, my father in heaven, my sisters and brothers, and my friends ii Acknowledgements I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my advisors, Professors Jack G. Zhou from Drexel University and Parkson Chong from Temple
    [Show full text]