USHMM Finding
Total Page：16
File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Holocaust/Shoah the Organization of the Jewish Refugees in Italy Holocaust Commemoration in Present-Day Poland
NOW AVAILABLE remembrance a n d s o l i d a r i t y Holocaust/Shoah The Organization of the Jewish Refugees in Italy Holocaust Commemoration in Present-day Poland in 20 th century european history Ways of Survival as Revealed in the Files EUROPEAN REMEMBRANCE of the Ghetto Courts and Police in Lithuania – LECTURES, DISCUSSIONS, remembrance COMMENTARIES, 2012–16 and solidarity in 20 th This publication features the century most significant texts from the european annual European Remembrance history Symposium (2012–16) – one of the main events organized by the European Network Remembrance and Solidarity in Gdańsk, Berlin, Prague, Vienna and Budapest. The 2017 issue symposium entitled ‘Violence in number the 20th-century European history: educating, commemorating, 5 – december documenting’ will take place in Brussels. Lectures presented there will be included in the next Studies issue. 2016 Read Remembrance and Solidarity Studies online: enrs.eu/studies number 5 www.enrs.eu ISSUE NUMBER 5 DECEMBER 2016 REMEMBRANCE AND SOLIDARITY STUDIES IN 20TH CENTURY EUROPEAN HISTORY EDITED BY Dan Michman and Matthias Weber EDITORIAL BOARD ISSUE EDITORS: Prof. Dan Michman Prof. Matthias Weber EDITORS: Dr Florin Abraham, Romania Dr Árpád Hornják, Hungary Dr Pavol Jakubčin, Slovakia Prof. Padraic Kenney, USA Dr Réka Földváryné Kiss, Hungary Dr Ondrej Krajňák, Slovakia Prof. Róbert Letz, Slovakia Prof. Jan Rydel, Poland Prof. Martin Schulze Wessel, Germany EDITORIAL COORDINATOR: Ewelina Pękała REMEMBRANCE AND SOLIDARITY STUDIES IN 20TH CENTURY EUROPEAN HISTORY PUBLISHER: European Network Remembrance and Solidarity ul. Wiejska 17/3, 00–480 Warszawa, Poland www.enrs.eu, [email protected] COPY-EDITING AND PROOFREADING: Caroline Brooke Johnson PROOFREADING: Ramon Shindler TYPESETTING: Marcin Kiedio GRAPHIC DESIGN: Katarzyna Erbel COVER DESIGN: © European Network Remembrance and Solidarity 2016 All rights reserved ISSN: 2084–3518 Circulation: 500 copies Funded by the Federal Government Commissioner for Culture and the Media upon a Decision of the German Bundestag. -
The Holocaust in Europe Research Trends, Pedagogical Approaches, and Political Challenges
Special Lessons & Legacies Conference Munich | November 4-7, 2019 The Holocaust in Europe Research Trends, Pedagogical Approaches, and Political Challenges CONFERENCE PROGRAM WELCOME TO MUNICH Since 1989, scholars from around the world are gathering biennially for the interdisciplinary conference "Lessons & Legacies of the Holocaust" to present their work and discuss new research trends and fresh pedagogical approaches to the history and memory of the Holocaust. This year, for the first time ever, a special Lessons & Legacies Conference takes place in Europe. The close proximity to historical sites and authentic places of Nazi rule and terror provides a unique opportunity not only to address the reverberations of the past in the present, but also to critically reflect upon the challenges for research and education posed by today’s growing nationalism and right-wing populism. What is more, our rich conference program includes a rare chance to visit relevant memorial sites, documentations centers, museums, and archives in the vicinity. We are especially pleased to collaborate with the Jewish Community of Munich and Upper Bavaria to introduce conference delegates to a vibrant Jewish communal life in the heart of the city and the region. We are looking forward to a productive and most fruitful conference that will stimulate debate and foster a lasting scholarly exchange among a large community of experts working in the field of Holocaust Studies. Center for Holocaust Studies at the Leibniz Institute for Contemporary History (IfZ) Leonrodstraße -
Marcus Braude and the Making of the Future Jewish Elite in Poland
Natalia Aleksiun Marcus Braude and the Making of the Future Jewish Elite in Poland In the autumn of 1946, a Holocaust survivor and graduate of the prestigious Second Boys Gymnasium in Łódź recalled his experiences with a sense of pro- found pride and nostalgia: “I am one of thousands of young boys who … envi- sioned new, intellectually sophisticated cadres of the Jewish youth. We were to face a great historical task. We have been … brought up thinking about our na- tion.”1 Indeed, the school championed the programme designed to train a new generation of Polish Jews fully conversant in the contemporary culture, fl u- ent in Hebrew and committed to Jewish national causes in Poland. Th is novel model of secondary Jewish education for the future Jewish communal and in- tellectual elite was envisioned by Zionist leader, preacher and educator Marcus Braude (1869−1949).2 Raised in Lvov (or Lwów – Lviv in present-day Ukraine), he belonged to the circle of young Jews pursuing secular studies and Zion- ist commitment, together with Ozjasz Th on and Markus Ehrenpreis.3 Braude 1 YIVO Archive in New York (YIVO), Record Group (RG) no. 1258, Philip Friedman papers. 2 Born in Brest-Litovsk in 1869, Braude received both secular and religious education in Lvov, where his maternal grandfather Tzvi Hirsh Orenstein had been the city’s rabbi. Not sur- prisingly, Nella Th on-Rostowa called him “the aristocrat of blood and spirit” as Braude was a scion of well-respected rabbinic families. See Nella Th on-Rostowa, Ozjasz Th on: Wspomnie- nia córki (Lwów: Cofi m, 1937), 16. -
Review Essay
Studia Judaica (2017), Special English Issue, pp. 117–130 doi:10.4467/24500100STJ.16.020.7372 REVIEW ESSAY Piotr J. Wróbel Modern Syntheses of Jewish History in Poland: A Review* After World War II, Poland became an ethnically homogeneous state. National minorities remained beyond the newly-moved eastern border, and were largely exterminated, forcefully removed, or relocated and scattered throughout the so-called Recovered Territories (Polish: Ziemie Odzys kane). The new authorities installed in Poland took care to ensure that the memory of such minorities also disappeared. The Jews were no exception. Nearly two generations of young Poles knew nothing about them, and elder Poles generally avoided the topic. But the situation changed with the disintegration of the authoritarian system of government in Poland, as the intellectual and informational void created by censorship and political pressure quickly filled up. Starting from the mid-1980s, more and more Poles became interested in the history of Jews, and the number of publica- tions on the subject increased dramatically. Alongside the US and Israel, Poland is one of the most important places for research on Jewish history. * Polish edition: Piotr J. Wróbel, “Współczesne syntezy dziejów Żydów w Polsce. Próba przeglądu,” Studia Judaica 19 (2016), 2: 317–330. The special edition of the journal Studia Judaica, containing the English translation of the best papers published in 2016, was financed from the sources of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education for promotion of scientific research, according to the agreement 508/P-DUN/2016. 118 PIOTR J. WRÓBEL Jewish Historiography during the Polish People’s Republic (PRL) Reaching the current state of Jewish historiography was neither a quick nor easy process. -
German Economic Policy and Forced Labor of Jews in the General Government, 1939–1943 Witold Wojciech Me¸Dykowski
Macht Arbeit Frei? German Economic Policy and Forced Labor of Jews in the General Government, 1939–1943 Witold Wojciech Me¸dykowski Boston 2018 Jews of Poland Series Editor ANTONY POLONSKY (Brandeis University) Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data: the bibliographic record for this title is available from the Library of Congress. © Academic Studies Press, 2018 ISBN 978-1-61811-596-6 (hardcover) ISBN 978-1-61811-597-3 (electronic) Book design by Kryon Publishing Services (P) Ltd. www.kryonpublishing.com Academic Studies Press 28 Montfern Avenue Brighton, MA 02135, USA P: (617)782-6290 F: (857)241-3149 [email protected] www.academicstudiespress.com This publication is supported by An electronic version of this book is freely available, thanks to the support of libraries working with Knowledge Unlatched. KU is a collaborative initiative designed to make high quality books Open Access for the public good. The Open Access ISBN for this book is 978-1-61811-907-0. More information about the initiative and links to the Open Access version can be found at www.knowledgeunlatched.org. To Luba, with special thanks and gratitude Table of Contents Acknowledgements v Introduction vii Part One Chapter 1: The War against Poland and the Beginning of German Economic Policy in the Ocсupied Territory 1 Chapter 2: Forced Labor from the Period of Military Government until the Beginning of Ghettoization 18 Chapter 3: Forced Labor in the Ghettos and Labor Detachments 74 Chapter 4: Forced Labor in the Labor Camps 134 Part Two Chapter -
1 International Design Competition for the Sites of Jewish History in Lviv
1 International Design Competition for the Sites of Jewish History in Lviv / Competition for the Yanivsky Camp Memorial Site COMPETITION FOR THE YANIVSKY CAMP MEMORIAL SITE 2 International Design Competition for the Sites of Jewish History in Lviv / Competition for the Yanivsky Camp Memorial Site ORGANIZERS Executive Committee of Lviv City Council Department of City Development of Lviv City Council Rynok Square 1, 79000 Lviv, Ukraine Rynok Square 1, Office 435, www.city‐adm.lviv.ua 79000 Lviv, Ukraine Head of the Department: Andriy Pavliv Office for Culture and Tourism Office of Historical Environment Preservation of Lviv City Council Department of Humanitarian Policy of Lviv City Council Valova Street, 20 Rynok Square 1, Office 321 79008 Lviv, Ukraine 79000 Lviv, Ukraine Head of the Department: Lilia Onyshchenko‐Shvets Head of the Office: Andriy Voronovsky www.cultureandtourism.lviv.ua/en/ Lviv Organisation of National Union of Architects of Ukraine “Municipal Development and Rehabilitation of the Old City of Lviv” Pidvalna Street 4, 79008 Lviv, Ukraine www.nsau.org/orgs/lviv/ Ukrainian‐German Project of the Lviv City Council and Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) GmbH Akad. Bohomoltsia Street, 6, Office 6 CONTACT INFORMATION 79005 Lviv, Ukraine Project Manager: Iris Gleichmann Sofia Dyak (competition secretary) www.gtz.de Center for Urban History of East Central Europe Akad. Bohomoltsia Street, 6 Center for Urban History of East Central Europe 79005 Lviv, Ukraine Tel. +38 032 2751734 Akad. Bohomoltsia Street, -
Pogrom Cries – Essays on Polish-Jewish History, 1939–1946
Rückenstärke cvr_eu: 39,0 mm Rückenstärke cvr_int: 34,9 mm Eastern European Culture, 12 Eastern European Culture, Politics and Societies 12 Politics and Societies 12 Joanna Tokarska-Bakir Joanna Tokarska-Bakir Pogrom Cries – Essays on Polish-Jewish History, 1939–1946 Pogrom Cries – Essays This book focuses on the fate of Polish “From page one to the very end, the book Tokarska-Bakir Joanna Jews and Polish-Jewish relations during is composed of original and novel texts, the Holocaust and its aftermath, in the which make an enormous contribution on Polish-Jewish History, ill-recognized era of Eastern-European to the knowledge of the Holocaust and its pogroms after the WW2. It is based on the aftermath. It brings a change in the Polish author’s own ethnographic research in reading of the Holocaust, and offers totally 1939–1946 those areas of Poland where the Holo- unknown perspectives.” caust machinery operated, as well as on Feliks Tych, Professor Emeritus at the the extensive archival query. The results Jewish Historical Institute, Warsaw 2nd Revised Edition comprise the anthropological interviews with the members of the generation of Holocaust witnesses and the results of her own extensive archive research in the Pol- The Author ish Institute for National Remembrance Joanna Tokarska-Bakir is a cultural (IPN). anthropologist and Professor at the Institute of Slavic Studies of the Polish “[This book] is at times shocking; however, Academy of Sciences at Warsaw, Poland. it grips the reader’s attention from the first She specialises in the anthropology of to the last page. It is a remarkable work, set violence and is the author, among others, to become a classic among the publica- of a monograph on blood libel in Euro- tions in this field.” pean perspective and a monograph on Jerzy Jedlicki, Professor Emeritus at the the Kielce pogrom. -
Rezension Über: Myroslav Shkandrij, Ukrainian Nationalism. Politics, Ideology, and Literature, 1929–1956, New Haven: Yale Univ
Zitierhinweis Rossoliński-Liebe, Grzegorz: Rezension über: Myroslav Shkandrij, Ukrainian Nationalism. Politics, Ideology, and Literature, 1929–1956, New Haven: Yale Univ. Press, 2015, in: Jahrbücher für Geschichte Osteuropas / jgo.e-reviews, jgo.e-reviews 2018, 3, S. 87-89, https://www.recensio.net/r/16a1928bb4bc41e59564aa59fcb1fc33 First published: Jahrbücher für Geschichte Osteuropas / jgo.e-reviews, jgo.e-reviews 2018, 3 copyright Dieser Beitrag kann vom Nutzer zu eigenen nicht-kommerziellen Zwecken heruntergeladen und/oder ausgedruckt werden. Darüber hinaus gehende Nutzungen sind ohne weitere Genehmigung der Rechteinhaber nur im Rahmen der gesetzlichen Schrankenbestimmungen (§§ 44a-63a UrhG) zulässig. Jahrbücher für Geschichte Osteuropas. jgo.e-reviews 8 (2018), 3 87 spotting nuance and ambiguity, and providing new ways of thinking about the foundational centuries of Ottoman rule in Balkans. Indeed, this volume indicates that early Ottoman studies have entered a new era of sophistication and international collaboration, marked by a consistent effort to achieve balance and address the historiographical biases of the past. The Ottoman Conquest of the Balkans sets the stage for a comprehensive synthesis and consensual interpretation of the collapse of the Balkan-Orthodox Commonwealth. LUCIEN FRARY Lawrenceville, NJ Myroslav Shkandrij Ukrainian Nationalism. Politics, Ideology, and Literature, 1929–1956 New Haven: Yale University Press, 2015. 331 S. ISBN: 978-0-300-20628-9. In the last two decades, a number of studies on the radical form of Ukrainian nationalism of the post-World War I period have appeared. While some scholars investigated the ideology and interactions with European and transnational fascism, others concentrated on the role the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists (OUN) and the Ukrainian Insurgent Army (UPA) played in the Holocaust. -
Cultural History” Into the Study of the Holocaust: a Response to Dan Stone
Dan Michman Introducing more “Cultural History” into the Study of the Holocaust: A Response to Dan Stone In his paper, Dan Stone rightly observes that the study of the Holocaust is dominated to a large extent by the positivist approach, and within the latter by political and bureaucratic history which places a strong emphasis on facts recorded in archival documents. This type of research pays little attention to the theoretical issues of historical writing and their implications for modes of writing (as an exception to the rule, Stone mentions – and here, too, correctly – the uniqueness of Probing the Limits of Representation, edited by Saul Friedländer and published in 1992),1 at the same time as these theoretical issues were rocking the very foundations of other historical research.2 There were doubtless very good reasons for this. Firstly, there was the fact that the study both of the Germans (the “persecutors”) and of the Jews began already during the Holocaust and developed further immediately following the end of World War II, rather than being distanced by the passage of time. At that stage, the comprehensive picture was not yet clear so that at first, scholars had to gather laboriously, the basic details of the development of the event itself. This need arose once again in view of the spreading phenomenon of Holocaust denial during the 1990s and in the early years of the new millennium. In this context Christopher Browning observed on one occasion―following the Irving vs Lipstadt trial in London in 2000―that historians are charged with a responsibility “to get the facts right,” in order to silence the deniers. -
Children's Holocaust Testimonies
A Teaching Module for College and University Courses VOICES OF CHILD SURVIVORS: CHILDREN’S HOLOCAUST TESTIMONIES Module 2: Children in the Midst of Mass Killing Actions (Aktzyas) – Eastern Galicia Prepared with the generous support of the Conference on Jewish Material Claims Against Germany, Inc. and the Rabbi Isra el Miller Fund for Shoah Education, Research and Documentation Joel Walters, Rita Horvath, Boaz Cohen, Keren Goldfrad Bar Ilan University 1 1 MODULE 2: Children in the midst of Mass Killing Actions (Aktzyas)—Eastern Galicia Table of Contents 1. Introduction Page 2 2. Eastern Galicia: Geography, Politics and History Page 4 3. Killing in Stages Page 6 4. An In-depth Analysis of a Child’s Testimony Page 13 5. Theoretical Significance Page 33 6. Additional Testimonies from Eastern Galicia Page 36 7. Supplement Page 52 2 2 MODULE 2: Children in the midst of Mass Killing Actions (Aktzyas)—Eastern Galicia 1. Introduction his educational module deals with testimonies of children from Jewish communities in Eastern Galicia – today the western Ukraine. TThese communities experienced pre-war Polish rule, the Soviet occupation from September 1939 to June 1941, and the German occupation from then on until liberation by the Soviet Army in 1944. During the time of German occupation, the Jewish population in the entire area was wiped out by the Germans and their Ukrainian collaborators. Between the summer of 1941 and the winter of 1943, Galician Jews were subjected to three massive waves of killings resulting in the murder of more than 500,000 Jews out of the 600,000 who had resided there before the war.1 The surviving children were witness to periodically reoccurring waves of killing and terror, "Aktzyas" as they were called at the time, and their testimonies, presented in this teaching module, center around this experience. -
Post-War Soap Burial in Romania, Bulgaria and Brazil HUMAN REMAINS & VIOLENCE Joachim Neander Independent Researcher [email protected]
‘Symbolically burying the six million’: post-war soap burial in Romania, Bulgaria and Brazil HUMAN REMAINS & VIOLENCE Joachim Neander independent researcher [email protected] Abstract During the Second World War and its aftermath, the legend was spread that the Germans turned the bodies of Holocaust victims into soap stamped with the ini- tials ‘RIF’, falsely interpreted as ‘made from pure Jewish fat’. In the years following liberation, ‘RIF’ soap was solemnly buried in cemeteries all over the world and came to symbolise the six million killed in the Shoah, publicly showing the deter- mination of Jewry to never forget the victims. This article will examine the funerals that started in Bulgaria and then attracted several thousand mourners in Brazil and Romania, attended by prominent public personalities and receiving widespread media coverage at home and abroad. In 1990 Yad Vashem laid the ‘Jewish soap’ legend to rest, and today tombstones over soap graves are falling into decay with new ones avoiding the word ‘soap’. ‘RIF’ soap, however, is alive in the virtual world of the Internet and remains fiercely disputed between ‘believers’ and ‘deniers’. Key words: Jews, soap, burial, Brazil, Romania, Holocaust, RIF RIF and the ‘Jewish soap’ legend During the Second World War, the legend spread that the Germans boiled down the victims of the Holocaust to soap.1 Alleged proof were the letters ‘RIF’ stamped on all soap bars distributed in Germany and German occupied countries, misread as an abbreviation of Reines Juden-Fett or ‘pure Jewish fat’. In reality, RIF denoted Reichsstelle für Industrielle Fettversorgung, an authority that controlled the distri- bution and processing of fats for industrial purposes in wartime Germany.2 The legend originated in the ghettos of occupied Poland just after the beginning of the war as a kind of Jewish gallows humour. -
View the Conference Program
Anti-Zionist demonstration. Poland, March 1968. COVER PHOTO: Poland, March 1968, anti-Zionist demonstration. Signs read: “Popieramy klasę robotniczej Warszawy” [WE SUPPORT WARSAW’S WORKING CLASS] “Uczącym się chwała chuliganom pała” [GLORY TO STUDENTS, DOWN WITH HOOLIGANS] “Popieramy politykę pokoju i postępu” [WE SUPPORT THE POLITICS OF PEACE AND PROGRESS] “Zawsze z partią” [ALWAYS WITH THE PARTY] “Oczyścić partię ze syjonistów” [CLEANSE THE PARTY OF ZIONISTS] YIVO INSTITUTE FOR JEWISH RESEARCH PRESENTS CONFERENCE MAY 5, 2019 CO-PRESENTED BY 1 his past year, tensions between the Polish government and the international Jewish community rose following a controversial law making it an offense T for anyone to accuse Poland of participating in the Holocaust or other Nazi crimes. According to the U.S. State Department, this law “could undermine free speech and academic discourse.” In this context, exploring the history of Polish-Jewish relations is more pertinent than ever. The 2018-2019 In Dialogue: Polish-Jewish Relations series explores the complex history of Poland, with its shifting borders, focusing in on a shared—but much misunderstood— past of Polish Jews and Christians. It provides historical and cultural tools to foster better understanding of Poland’s history, and of the tensions between history and memory, exclusion and belonging, national ideologies, identities, and antisemitism. The series culminates in this daylong conference on Sunday, May 5, discussing Polish- Jewish relations in the post-war era, including contemporary issues