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Upper Slocan Valley UPPER SLOCAN VALLEY PHASE 1: BEAR HAZARD ASSESSMENT AND PHASE 2: BEAR-PEOPLE CONFLICT PREVENTION AND MANAGEMENT PLAN (PROPOSED) APPLICATION FOR BEAR SMART COMMUNITY STATUS GOAT RANGE PROVINCIAL PARK NEW DENVER VALHALLA PROVINCIAL SILVERTON PARK KOKANEE GLACIER PROV. PARK Prepared for Valhalla Wilderness Society Box 329, New Denver, BC V0G 1S0 November 2012 Prepared by Maggie M. Paquet Wayne McCrory, RPBio 5232A Margaret Street McCrory Wildlife Services Port Alberni, BC V9Y 6J2 208 Laktin Road, New Denver, BC V0G 1S1 Ph: 250-723-8802 Ph: 250-358-7796; Fx: 250-358-7950 [email protected] [email protected] DISCLAIMER Maggie Paquet, Biologist, of MAIA BioLogics, and Wayne McCrory, RPBio, of McCrory Wildlife Services Ltd., gathered the research and prepared this document with input from the Conservation Officer Service, BC Parks, local and regional governments, local residents, Valhalla Wilderness Society, and others. We have assumed that the information provided from the various sources is accurate and reliable. The study was done according to the BC Bear Smart Community Program guidelines for a bear hazard assessment and a bear-people conflict management plan, except where additional analysis was deemed necessary. While this report contains the best information available to provide authorities in the study area with an accurate and authoritative analysis of the subject matter, no liability is assumed with respect to the use or application of the information contained herein. Upper Slocan Valley Bear Hazard Assessment and Bear Plan Report, November 2012 i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This report was made possible by a funding partnership between the Valhalla Wilderness Society and the provincial Bear Smart Community Program. We wish to thank the many residents and local businesses for providing information, support, and assistance. In particular, we thank Erica Mallam, Daniel Sherrod, Evelyn Kirkaldy, and Gillian Sanders for providing information that was useful to our assessment. The writers especially wish to thank the Valhalla Wilderness Society for providing office space, photocopying, and volunteer staff support. We also thank the following for supporting the project: a. Waste management staff of the Regional District of Central Kootenay (RDCK) b. RDCK Area H director Walter Popoff c. The mayor and council of each of the villages of New Denver and Silverton d. Dave Haegy and Bob Fuhrer of BC Parks e. Ministry of Transportation and Infrastructure We particularly want to thank CO Ben Beetlestone and other members of the District Conservation Officer Service, who provided us with information about area bear-people conflicts and statistics from the provincial Wildlife Call Centre/RAPP line (under a research agreement with the Ministry of Environment). The writers are grateful for the advice and support of Mike Badry of the BC Environment Ministry in Victoria, and Sean Sharpe, consultant wildlife biologist of Smithers, BC. Wildlife biologist Joanne Siderius, of the Nelson Bear Aware group, was also very helpful in tracking down conflict information. Daniel Sherrod, Erica Mallam, and Evelyn Kirkaldy, Upper Slocan Valley Bear Smart coordinators for the Valhalla Wilderness Society, are thanked for helping gather information and field-testing some of the recommendations of this study. We thank Sylvia Dolson of the Get Bear Smart Society in Whistler for her tireless advice and background information on community bylaws. Drake Stephens, Bear Aware Coordinator for the City of Coquitlam, is thanked for providing information on the City’s testing of residential bear resistant garbage containers. The expertise and advice contained in the report: Bear Smart Community Program: Background Report, by Helen Davis, Debbie Wellwood, and Lana Ciarniello, is also acknowledged, as is the information on which the Bear-Human Interaction Definitions section is based, which is from the report, Hazard Assessment of Bear-Human Conflict in Stewart, British Columbia—Phase I, 2001, by Debbie Wellwood, RPBio, Raven Ecological Services, Smithers, BC. We also want to thank Chris Lehnert, technician at the RDCK IT Services Department in Nelson for assisting us with maps. All photographs, unless otherwise captioned, are by Wayne McCrory or Maggie Paquet. Thanks to Kris Hopping, Norma Rodgers, Jorge Becker, Erica Mallam and Lawrence Ruskin for the use of their photos. Maggie Paquet, Port Alberni, BC Wayne McCrory, New Denver, BC Cover photo: Black bear in cherry tree. Jorge Becker photo. Upper Slocan Valley Bear Hazard Assessment and Bear Plan Report, November 2012 ii SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING THIS STUDY Large Multi-Jurisdictional Study Area Different From Other Studies All previous Bear Smart Community Program studies have been confined to local government boundaries, whether municipal, village, or within a regional district. Our Upper Slocan Valley study area is not delimited in the same way. It encompasses the entire Upper Slocan Lake watershed from Valhalla Park in the south to Summit Lake in the north, and to the surrounding watershed heights of land in all directions. These boundaries reflect black bear and grizzly bear distribution rather than political boundaries. By using this comprehensive, multi-jurisdictional approach, we felt a greater degree of success could be achieved to minimise bear-people conflicts in the region. More precisely, our study area includes two incorporated villages, five rural unincorporated communities, other settlement areas in the Regional District of Central Kootenay (RDCK), three large provincial Class A parks, two smaller provincial park campgrounds, various trails, all other Crown lands in the area, and private resorts. The area is within the traditional territory of the Sinixt First Nation. Fortunately, most of the large network of hiking trails and public campgrounds in the Upper Slocan Valley grizzly and black bear country have already had bear hazard studies done and mitigation measures taken. Where necessary, we have done hazard assessments to fill in. The bear hazard study forms the basis for a proposed action plan or “bear-people conflict prevention plan” to address steps that need to be taken by the various management jurisdictions to further minimise bear-people conflicts in the Upper Slocan Valley. The plan is “proposed” because the final decisions on any actions must be made by the particular levels of government involved. For example, we identified where bear-proofing of the garbage system needs to be improved in the villages of New Denver and Silverton, but it is up the elected councils to decide what actions to take. Although BC Parks already has a bear-people conflict prevention plan for their West Kootenay park system, we feel this agency can also make some improvements. Rationale For Longer Study Time Frame By the time we completed the first draft of this report late in 2008, we had already become aware of the limitations of doing low-budget, one-year Bear Smart-funded reports for other jurisdictions. One limitation was in not having the benefit of testing and monitoring some of our priority recommenda- tions, such as the effectiveness of certain types of bear-proofing. Also, we were not sure if the standard Bear Smart recommendations for high black bear problem areas, such as the Village of New Denver, would work as well as predicted. For these reasons, we decided to allow 2-3 years for the Upper Slocan Valley Bear Smart coordinators (hired part time by the Valhalla Wilderness Society) to test some of our preliminary recommendations. During the hiatus in our reporting, considerable progress was made in public education, bear-proofing, and non-lethal training for RCMP, BC Parks rangers and others, along with implementation of some low key non-lethal bear treatments. Unfortunately, we found that this was not enough to head off the severe bear problems experienced by the village of New Denver in 2011, where at least 11 black bears were shot due to controversial control measures. This bad year occurred despite the work of the Valhalla Society’s coordinators and other volunteers putting in a large effort in the community to deal with bears and attractants, and with the local Harvest Share group picking and processing over 4,000 pounds of fruit in New Denver. However, by delaying our final report until now, we have been able to work more closely with the communities to identify gaps in the current Bear Smart program and come up with a more realistic plan to reduce bear-people conflicts and the high kill rate of black bears in New Denver. Upper Slocan Valley Bear Hazard Assessment and Bear Plan Report, November 2012 iii Important Notes on Changes in BC’s Bear Smart Policy and Funding Support Since the initial Upper Slocan Valley Bear Smart program was initiated in 2006, and this study was started in 2008, the province has made changes to the policy and funding level of the Bear Smart Community Program. These changes, combined with significant cutbacks to the Conservation Officer Service (COS), have served to impair provincial support for the communities that have bought into the program. At the outset, the Bear Smart program had committed to paying up to 50% of the costs of bear- proofing by municipalities for up to $10,000 per year. In 2008, the Bear Smart program provided $10,000 to the Valhalla Wilderness Society for this study, and $9,000 in 2009 for signage at transfer stations, bear warning signs for trails, some bear-resistant residential garbage receptacles, and demonstration electric fencing materials to assist in fruit tree and livestock situations. After 2009, Bear Smart ran out of funds, including what we had hoped would be a contribution of up to $10,000 in matching funds so the two villages could purchase much-needed bear-resistant garbage containers. We feel this greatly hindered the ability of the villages to move toward a more bear-proof waste management system. On a positive note, the Regional District of Central Kootenay (RDCK) still provides a nominal amount of funding for the Valhalla Society’s Bear Smart coordinators.
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