Persephone: Pluto Orbiter Persephone: A Pluto-System Orbiter & Kuiper Belt Explorer Carly Howett1, Stuart Robbins1, Bryan J. Holler2, Amanda Hendrix3, Karl Fielhauer4, Mark Perry4, Fazle Siddique4, Clint Apland4, James Leary4, S. Alan Stern1, Heather Elliott5,6, Francis Nimmo7, Simon B. Porter1, Silvia Protopapa1, Kelsi N. Singer1, Orenthal J. Tucker8, Anne J. Verbiscer9, Bruce Andrews4, Stewart Bushman4, Adam Crifasi4, Doug Crowley4, Clint Edwards4, Carolyn M. Ernst4, Blair Fonville4, David Frankford4, Dan Gallagher4, Mark Holdridge4, Jack Hunt4, J. J. Kavelaars10, Chris Krupiarz4, Jimmy Kuhn4, William McKinnon11, Hari Nair4, David Napolillo4, Jon Pineau12, Jani Radebaugh13, Rachel Sholder4, John Spencer1, Adam Thodey14, Samantha Walters4, Bruce Williams4, Robert J. Wilson15, Leslie A. Young1 Abstract Persephone is a NASA concept mission study that addresses key questions raised by New Horizons’ encounters with Kuiper Belt objects (KBOs), with arguably the most important being “Does Pluto have a subsurface ocean?”. More broadly, Persephone would answer four significant science questions: (1) What are the internal structures of Pluto and Charon? (2) How have the surfaces and atmospheres in the Pluto system evolved? (3) How has the KBO population evolved? (4) What are the particles and magnetic field environments of the Kuiper Belt? To answer these questions, 1Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, CO 80302, USA;
[email protected] 2Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA 3Planetary Science Institute, Tucson, AZ