Cash and Treasury Management Country Report
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
The Lira: Back in the Zone Panel Was Frequently Below the Lower Edge of the Band
February 1997 I,Trends MA~Y It: were frequently realigned. The forward rate in the top The Lira: Back in the Zone panel was frequently below the lower edge of the band. Thus, these narrow target zones were not seen After more than four years, the Italian lira returned as credible by the market. Since reentry, however, the to the Exchange Rate Mechanism (ERM) of the forward rate, as shown in the lower panel, is well European Union (EU) on November 25, 1996. A within the target zone, indicating that market partici- speculative attack had forced the withdrawal of the pants expect the lira to remain within the target lira from the ERM on September 17, 1992. The zones. Thus, the current wide bands appear to be ERM commits member countries to maintain their more credible than the narrower bands of the earlier exchange rates within bilateral bands or target zones period. against all the other currencies. The lira is allowed to Christopher J. Neely fluctuate within margins of 15 percent on both sides of the mid-point of the target zone, known as the central parity, which is 1.0101 DM per 1000 lire for Target Zone, Spot and 1-year Forward Rate the bilateral band with Germany. Although target zones are said to offer the advantages of more stable DM per 1000 Lira exchange rates and greater inflation credibility, the 2.4 primary motivation of the Italian government for rejoining the ERM is the requirement that the lira Target Zone 2.0 remain within the target zone for at least two years before Italy can join the European Monetary Union Spot Rate (EMU). -
Interview with Director of the Italian State Mint November 14, 2011 by Michael Alexander 2 Comments
Interview with Director of the Italian State Mint November 14, 2011 By Michael Alexander 2 Comments Classic numismatic design has its roots in the ancient states of Athens and Rome. Today, this unparalleled tradition continues in the modern city of Rome at the Instituto Poligrafico Zecca dello Stato (IZPS), the Italian State Mint. As Italy celebrates 150 years of Unification in 2011, Michael Alexander of the London Banknote and Monetary Research Centre speaks to Angelo Rossi, Director of the IPZS about its past present and what’s in store for this prime producer of classical European coinage. For many world coin collectors, the coinage of the many Italian states before unification and those of Italy are considered among some of the most beautifully designed with classic renditions of historic persons, legendary and allegorical figures. Italy’s longest serving head of state, king, Victor Emanuel III (reigned 1900 – 1946) took a particular interest in the coinage of a unified Italy as he was a keen life-long coin collector. The former king’s collection was world renowned for including some of the most extraordinary rarities, (including some of the coins issued under his reign with his portrait) and much of it is on display in the Roman Museum to delight dedicated numismatists. Italian coinage has continued to carry on the long established tradition of classically designed small works of art which can be seen throughout their designs. Should you find yourself in Europe’s Eternal City, I can heartily recommend a visit to the Roman Museum as well as the Temple where the first Mint is said to have existed, a veritable plethora of homage to our beloved activity. -
Taxation of Income of Researchers in Italy
Taxation of income of researchers in Italy Acknowledgements: This Guide has been prepared by Valentina Mayer and produced within the project EURAXESS T.O.P. II – Network Call, managed by CRUI Foundation. This Guide is purely for information purposes and provides information on practical and administrative procedures in Italy. The information and indications that it contains do not replace official sources of information and provide no bases for claims or legitimate expectations of any kind. The contents of this Guide were last updated in September 2014. Information in this Guide should be always double-checked with host institutions or relevant official sources of information. © 2014 Fondazione CRUI Piazza Rondanini, 48, 00186 Roma Info: [email protected] The book is published under Creative Commons - Attribution Non commercial - No Derivative Works 3.0 Information about http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ Content Introduction …….…..……………………………………………………..…......................................................................... 1 1. Tax system in Italy...……………………................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Tax Identification Code………………………….................................................................................................................... 2 1.2 Income tax ................................................................................................................................................................................ -
Report 4. Case Studies in Italy
Poster elaborated by the working table ‘Creative use of law.’ National Assembly of the Italian Network for the commons. Naples, Ex Asilo Filangieri, 17/2/2019. ERC-COG-2016-724692 HETEROPOLITICS Refiguring the Common and the Political D3.4 Author: Dr. Antonio Vesco Host Institution: Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Principal Investigator: Dr. A. Kioupkiolis ERC COG 2016 (implementation 2017-2020) July 2020 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS Ιntroduction to the case studies in Italy........................................................................5 Commons in Italy......................................................................................................6 Legal constructs for the practice of the commons in Italy......................................10 Urban movements and local institutions.................................................................16 Urban commons and Italian urban contexts............................................................18 Naples and Turin: two case studies in dialogue.......................................................22 The difficult management of the commons and the role played by rules................24 Attempts to found a national network of ‘common goods’.....................................25 The ethnographer and the morality of the commons: theoretical and methodological reflections.......................................................................................29 4. Case studies in Italy................................................................................................35 -
Europe Without the EU? by Filippo L
Europe without the EU? by Filippo L. Calciano1, Paolo Paesani2 and Gustavo Piga3 Policy Brief 1 Introduction The aim of this paper is to conduct a simple albeit daring exercise in counterfactual history: we discuss what the consequences for European countries would be, in the midst of the current economic crisis, if the European Union did not exist. The EU is both a monetary union and a political and institutional union, and in this study we consider both aspects. As a monetary union, the EU manages the common currency, the euro, through the actions of the European Central Bank (ECB). As a political union the EU serves many purposes, the most important of which, with respect to the current economic crisis, is to provide a privileged forum to coordinate Member States’ anti-crisis policies. As a matter of fact, since the beginning of the cr isis, European leaders have held numerous European Council meetings as well as preparatory G-8 and G-20 meetings, confirming the urgent need for policy coordination and cooperation both at EU and international level. In this study we pose and answer the following two questions: 1. What would the consequences of the current crisis be for European countries if the euro had not been introduced ten years ago; that is, if European Monetary Union (EMU) had failed? 1 CORE, Université Catholique de Louvain-la-Neuve, and Department of Economics, University of Rome 3, email: fi[email protected]. 2 Department of Economics, University of Rome 2, email: [email protected]. 3 Department of Economics, University of Rome 2, corresponding author, email: [email protected]. -
The Economic and Monetary Union: Past, Present and Future
CASE Reports The Economic and Monetary Union: Past, Present and Future Marek Dabrowski No. 497 (2019) This article is based on a policy contribution prepared for the Committee on Economic and Monetary Affairs of the European Parliament (ECON) as an input for the Monetary Dialogue of 28 January 2019 between ECON and the President of the ECB (http://www.europarl.europa.eu/committees/en/econ/monetary-dialogue.html). Copyright remains with the European Parliament at all times. “CASE Reports” is a continuation of “CASE Network Studies & Analyses” series. Keywords: European Union, Economic and Monetary Union, common currency area, monetary policy, fiscal policy JEL codes: E58, E62, E63, F33, F45, H62, H63 © CASE – Center for Social and Economic Research, Warsaw, 2019 DTP: Tandem Studio EAN: 9788371786808 Publisher: CASE – Center for Social and Economic Research al. Jana Pawła II 61, office 212, 01-031 Warsaw, Poland tel.: (+48) 22 206 29 00, fax: (+48) 22 206 29 01 e-mail: [email protected] http://www.case-researc.eu Contents List of Figures 4 List of Tables 5 List of Abbreviations 6 Author 7 Abstract 8 Executive Summary 9 1. Introduction 11 2. History of the common currency project and its implementation 13 2.1. Historical and theoretic background 13 2.2. From the Werner Report to the Maastricht Treaty (1969–1992) 15 2.3. Preparation phase (1993–1998) 16 2.4. The first decade (1999–2008) 17 2.5. The second decade (2009–2018) 19 3. EA performance in its first twenty years 22 3.1. Inflation, exchange rate and the share in global official reserves 22 3.2. -
Italy: "Foreign Tax Policies and Economic Growth"
This PDF is a selection from an out-of-print volume from the National Bureau of Economic Research Volume Title: Foreign Tax Policies and Economic Growth Volume Author/Editor: NBER and The Brookings Institution Volume Publisher: NBER Volume ISBN: 0-87014-470-7 Volume URL: http://www.nber.org/books/unkn66-1 Publication Date: 1966 Chapter Title: Italy: "Foreign Tax Policies and Economic Growth" Chapter Author: Francesco Forte Chapter URL: http://www.nber.org/chapters/c1543 Chapter pages in book: (p. 165 - 206) Italy FRANCESCO FORTE UNIVERSITY OF TURIN I. POSTWAR ECONOMIC GROWTH The postwar economic growth of Italy has been remarkable com- pared with that of other industrialized countries, as well as with that of most previous periods in Italian economic history. Between 1951 and 1962, Italy's national income increased at a rate of about 6 per cent per annum in current lire, and the country's growth rate both in real and in per capita terms was almost as high. Prices were relatively stable through 1961; wholesale prices did not change, while retail prices rose only moderately. Population rose by only 6.5 per cent from 1951 to 1961, mainly as a result of a continuous re- duction in the mortality rate, owing to better sanitary conditions, to social assistance, and to an improved standard of living. This high and steady growth rate combined with reasonably sta- ble prices may suggest that the growth process has been essentially sound and that it has been supported by a good tax system and fa- vorable tax policies. This is not so. -
Problems the Adoption of the EURO in Lithuania
Problems the adoption of the EURO in Lithuania Rima AUGULYT ö – Václav DUFALA Introduction The Euro zone (also called Euro Area , Euro system or Euro land ) is the subset of European Union member states which have adopted the euro, creating a currency union. The euro has replaced the former national currencies. The single currency was introduced on 1 January 1999, but existed in the first three years only as electronic money. On 1 January 2002 euro banknotes and coins were put into circulation in the euro area member states, and the central banks began to withdraw the national banknotes and coins. As from 1 March 2002 the euro is the only legal tender in the euro area member states. Thirteen euro area member states have a single currency, a common interest rate and a common central bank. The European Central Bank is responsible for monetary policy within the zone. 1. Official members In 1998 eleven EU member-states had met the convergence criteria, and the Euro zone came into existence with the official launch of the euro on 1 January 1999. Greece qualified in 2000 and was admitted on 1 January 2001. Physical coins and banknotes were introduced on 1 January 2002. Slovenia qualified in 2006 and was admitted on 1 January 2007 bringing total Euro zone membership to its current level of over 316 million people and thirteen member states. 1.1. Non-member states with formal euro agreements Monaco, San Marino and Vatican City also use the euro, although they are officially neither euro members nor members of the EU. -
Trade Invoicing in Major Currencies in the 1970S-1990S: Lessons for Renminbi Internationalization
Trade Invoicing in Major Currencies in the 1970s-1990s: Lessons for Renminbi Internationalization Hiro Ito* Portland State University Masahiro Kawai** University of Tokyo December 15, 2015 Abstract: In this paper, we investigate how much a major national currency is used for trade invoicing by focusing primarily on the experiences of the U.S. dollar, the Japanese yen, and the Deutsche mark (DM) in the 1970s through the 1990s. We then attempt to draw lessons for China’s renminbi (RMB) internationalization. Our data on the shares of the three major currencies in export invoicing show that the dollar has unequivocally been a global invoicing currency, the DM was a major regional currency in Europe, while the yen has never been a global nor regional currency. DM invoicing was driven by European countries’ trade ties with Germany. In contrast, the yen was not and is still not widely used for trade invoicing by Asia-Oceania countries, even including Japan itself, despite the region’s strong trade ties with Japan. Our regression analysis on the determinants of the major currency share for trade invoicing (also including U.K. pound, the French franc, the Italian lira and the Swiss franc) in the 1970-1998 period suggests that the invoicing share of a major currency tends to be positively affected by the degree of other economies’ trade ties with the major currency country and negatively affected by the degree of their financial development or openness. Also, the major currency share for trade invoicing is affected by both the weight of the major currencies in the implicit currency baskets of other economies or these economies’ trade shares with major-currency zone countries. -
Briefing Italian Non-Dom Tax Legislation: Recent Developments February 2019
BRIEFING ITALIAN NON - DOM TAX LEGISLATION: RECENT DEVELOPMENTS FEBRUARY 2019 ● FROM 1 JANUARY 2019, A NEW OPTIONAL TAX REGIME WILL BE APPLICABLE FOR INDIVIDUALS RECEIVING FOREIGN PENSIONS AND MOVING THEIR TAX RESIDENCE TO SOUTHERN ITALY. On 1 January 2019, the Italian Budget Law introduced a new tax regime for foreign pensioners moving to Italy. This briefing note aims to provide a brief analysis of the main tax changes introduced. The new tax regime “THE TAX REGIME APPLIES Art. No. 1, paragraph No. 273-274 of Law No. 145/2018 (i.e. the 2019 Italian FOR UP TO SIX YEARS Budget Law) introduced into D.P.R. 917/1986 (the Italian Income Tax Code or ”ITC”) FROM THE FIRST FISCAL Art. 24-ter, implementing a new optional tax regime1 applicable from 1 January 2019 for individuals: YEAR FOR WHICH THE ELECTION IS MADE.” ● receiving foreign pensions; and ● moving their tax residence from a foreign country to a municipality with no more than 20,000 inhabitants located in Southern Italy2. Under this new regime, all foreign income3 within the scope of the new regime will be taxed at a 7% flat rate in each fiscal year to which the election applies. 1 As part of the “Non-Dom” Tax regime under art. 24-bis of ITC. 2 Paragraph no. 1 of the new art. 24-ter of ITC requires the individual to move their tax residence to one of the following Italian regions: Sicily, Calabria, Sardinia, Campania, Basilicata, Abruzzo, Molise and Puglia. 3 The new regime is not limited to pension income but applies to other foreign income. -
E Euro Symbol Was Created by the European Commission
e eu ro c o i n s 1 unity an d d i v e r s i t The euro, our currency y A symbol for the European currency e euro symbol was created by the European Commission. e design had to satisfy three simple criteria: ADF and BCDE • to be a highly recognisable symbol of Europe, intersect at D • to have a visual link with existing well-known currency symbols, and • to be aesthetically pleasing and easy to write by hand. Some thirty drafts were drawn up internally. Of these, ten were put to the test of approval by the BCDE, DH and IJ general public. Two designs emerged from the are parallel scale survey well ahead of the rest. It was from these two BCDE intersects that the President of the Commission at the time, at C Jacques Santer, and the European Commissioner with responsibility for the euro, Yves-ibault de Silguy, Euro symbol: geometric construction made their final choice. Jacques Santer and Yves-ibault de Silguy e final choice, the symbol €, was inspired by the letter epsilon, harking back to classical times and the cradle of European civilisation. e symbol also refers to the first letter of the word “Europe”. e two parallel lines indicate the stability of the euro, as they do in the symbol of the dollar and the yen. e official abbreviation for the euro is EUR. © European Communities, 2008 e eu ro c o i n s 2 unity an d d i v e r s i t The euro, our currency y Two sides of a coin – designing the European side e euro coins are produced by the euro area countries themselves, unlike the banknotes which are printed by the ECB. -
The Dual Income Tax: Implementation and Experience in European Countries
International Studies Program Working Paper 06-25 December 2006 The Dual Income Tax: Implementation and Experience in European Countries Bernd Genser International Studies Program Working Paper 06-25 The Dual Income Tax: Implementation and Experience in European Countries Bernd Genser December 2006 International Studies Program Andrew Young School of Policy Studies Georgia State University Atlanta, Georgia 30303 United States of America Phone: (404) 651-1144 Fax: (404) 651-4449 Email: [email protected] Internet: http://isp-aysps.gsu.edu Copyright 2006, the Andrew Young School of Policy Studies, Georgia State University. No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means without prior written permission from the copyright owner. International Studies Program Andrew Young School of Policy Studies The Andrew Young School of Policy Studies was established at Georgia State University with the objective of promoting excellence in the design, implementation, and evaluation of public policy. In addition to two academic departments (economics and public administration), the Andrew Young School houses seven leading research centers and policy programs, including the International Studies Program. The mission of the International Studies Program is to provide academic and professional training, applied research, and technical assistance in support of sound public policy and sustainable economic growth in developing and transitional economies. The International Studies Program at the Andrew Young School of Policy Studies is recognized worldwide for its efforts in support of economic and public policy reforms through technical assistance and training around the world. This reputation has been built serving a diverse client base, including the World Bank, the U.S.