Western Kentucky University Stormwater Utility Survey 2021
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Western Kentucky University TopSCHOLAR® SEAS Faculty Publications School of Engineering and Applied Sciences Summer 2021 Western Kentucky University Stormwater Utility Survey 2021 Warren Campbell Jerry Bradshaw Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/seas_faculty_pubs Part of the Civil and Environmental Engineering Commons This Report is brought to you for free and open access by TopSCHOLAR®. It has been accepted for inclusion in SEAS Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of TopSCHOLAR®. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Western Kentucky University Stormwater Utility Survey 2021 C. Warren Campbell ii Western Kentucky University Stormwater Utility Survey 2021 Cover The cover flood pictures were provided by one of my Floodplain Management students, Ross Mannel. This is his house before, and during a flood. He was definitely motivated to take my course. iii Western Kentucky University Stormwater Utility Survey 2021 Preface to the 2021 Survey I recently found a paper (F.A. Tasca, et. al. 2017) by authors from the Federal University of Santa Catarina in Brazil that has identified stormwater utilities in Australia, Brazil, Ecuador, France, Germany, Poland, and South Africa in addition to the ones we know about in the U.S. and Canada. I was able to make a remote presentation at Stormwater 2021 in Australia. There seems to be a lot of interest in stormwater utilities in Australia. The idea is spreading. Jerry Bradshaw has been sending me new SWUs for years and his contribution was so large this year, it seemed fitting he should be a coauthor. Also, I am very indebted to Mike Gregory who is keeping and expanding a database on Canadian SWUs which he has generously shared with me. All of the Canadian SWU data included here came from Mike. I have been considering stormwater fee fairness for about a decade now, and I am not sure that anyone is listening. Therefore, I decided to repeat some of the analyses I have done over the years. Also, I have some new information on how to construct a fair tier fee system. I plan to include this information in subsequent surveys in hopes that the word will get out. I want to thank everyone for the kind comments and fee updates I have received. As always, please let me know if your fees have been updated. It is very difficult to keep up to date on more than 1800 stormwater utilities. Finally, I just saw the Black and Veatch 2021 Survey (Black and Veatch, 2021). I highly recommend this because they collect very detailed data on SWUs that I could not possibly keep on the large number in my database. I believe this survey and the B&V surveys are complimentary. Finally, I want to thank Ross Mannel, a very motivated student in my Floodplain Management course who provided the cover flood pictures. Both pictures are his home and you can see why he was so motivated. Warren Campbell Bowling Green, Kentucky May 6, 2021 iv Western Kentucky University Stormwater Utility Survey 2021 Methods The main goal of this survey is to identify as many U.S. Stormwater Utilities (SWUs) as possible. Because many stormwater professionals do not have the time to respond to questionnaires, our primary method of identification was Internet searches. We searched on key terms such as “stormwater utility”, “stormwater fee”, and “drainage fee”. We scoured on-line municipal codes such as Municode, AmLegal, Sterling, LexisNexis, and others. We searched through many city web sites trying to find utilities. We have also had many people contact me to update fees and identify new utilities. However, the data primarily comes from Internet sources and is prone to errors. Some community websites are not very clear on whether the fee given is monthly, bi-monthly, quarterly, or annually. In cases like that we made the best guess we could. We hope the readers of this document will continue to help us correct mistakes. However, it is difficult to keep up with fee changes in more than 1800 utilities, so if you discover errors in our data please contact me at [email protected]. Disclaimer The opinions expressed in this document are those of the authors. They are not official opinions of Western Kentucky University, its administration, or of any other individuals associated in any way with WKU. The authors are engineers so that any opinions expressed should not in any way be construed by any individual or organization as sound legal advice. The use or misuse of any of the data and information provided herein is the sole responsibility of the user and is not the responsibility of Western Kentucky University, its employees, students, or of any organization associated with the University. v Western Kentucky University Stormwater Utility Survey 2021 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am indebted to the Wisconsin chapter of the American Public Works Association for their excellent survey of Wisconsin SWUs (Wisconsin APWA [2019]). I want to thank Mike Gregory of Computational Hydraulics International for his updates on Canadian stormwater utilities. Also, the University of North Carolina Environmental Finance Center has identified several SWUs that I have included in this survey. I also want to thank Andy Reese of AMEC (now Wood) for showing me several SWUs as well. Black and Veatch (2021) publishes an excellent stormwater utility survey with more detailed information about the SWUs in their survey. In 2021 73 SWU communities responded to their survey. It is a very worthwhile survey and should be read by anyone interested in stormwater utilities. The author is grateful to Professor Randel Dymond and his graduate students Kandace Kea and Amanda Dritschel at Virginia Tech for work they did on past surveys and the database. Since 2007, many of the SWUs in this survey were identified by our undergraduate students who are listed below. I am very proud of the fact that 59 of my students have passed the Certified Floodplain Manager (CFM) exam. When I came to Kentucky in 2004, I was the 7th CFM in the state. There are 11 states with fewer than 59 CFMs so we are making a contribution to floodplain management. Student Contributing to the 2021 Survey Ross Mannel Students contributing to the 2014 and 2016 surveys were: Kain Kotoucek, CFM Cory Smith, CFM Megan Jones, CFM Students contributing to the 2013 Survey were: Jordon Begley Walker Bruns Clayton Cook Aaron Dockery Gabriel Goncalves de Godoy Chris Heil Eathan Johnson Carson Joyce Zach Neihof Ashley Penrod Tyler Sweetland Kirk Thomas vi Western Kentucky University Stormwater Utility Survey 2021 Dylan Ward Rory Watson, CFM Doug Woodson, CFM Students participating in the 2012 survey were: Benjamin Bell, CFM Jeremy Brown, CFM Will Spaulding, CFM Justin Wallace, CFM Contributors from previous years were: Daniel Douglas Allison Gee Emily Kinslow, CFM Lacie Lawson Kendall McClenny, CFM Kory McDonald Daniel Skees, CFM Brian Vincent, CFM Jason Walker Russ Whatley, CFM Alex Krumenacher, CFM Nick Lawhon, CFM Austin Shields, CFM Adam Disselkamp, CFM Kenneth Marshall Wesley Poynter, CFM Tyler Williams, CFM Brittany Griggs Lisa Heartsill, CFM Spenser Noffsinger, CFM Pat Stevens Tony Stylianides, CFM Scott Wolfe, CFM Darren Back, CFM Robert Dillingham, CFM James Edmunds Scott Embry, CFM Clint Ervin Catie Gay Stevens, CFM Sean O’Bryan, CFM Casey Pedigo Broc Porter Kelly Stolt, CFM Ben Webster, CFM Jon Allen vii Western Kentucky University Stormwater Utility Survey 2021 Karla Andrew, CFM Eric Broomfield, CFM Kevin Collignon, CFM Heath Crawford, CFM Adam Evans Cody Humble Steve Hupper, CFM Christine Morgan, CFM Jeremy Rodgers, CFM Matt Stone, CFM Kyle Turpin, CFM Kal Vencill, CFM The author is grateful to all of these students who have participated in the survey over the past years. They have worked diligently at a somewhat tedious job, but one that should have taught them something about stormwater financing, municipal codes, and websites. We are also indebted to AMEC for sharing their list of stormwater utilities with us. In 2008, Scott Embry had the foresight to ask them for it and they obliged. We continue to have a good relationship with AMEC and with Andy Reese. I also wish to thank the Environmental Finance Center of the University of North Carolina which provided data on several North Carolina and Georgia stormwater utilities (Environmental Finance Center, 2013). Several companies publish municipal and county codes which serve as a source for much of our data. We are particularly indebted to the Municipal Code Corporation, American Legal Publishing Corporation, Lexis Nexis, and Sterling Codifiers, Inc. viii Western Kentucky University Stormwater Utility Survey 2021 Introduction We have been able to identify 1851 U.S. stormwater utilities that have formed nationwide and Mike Gregory found 48 in Canada. There are now 6 states with 100 or more stormwater utilities (SWUs). Minnesota leads with 204. Forty-one states and DC have at least one SWU. Indiana is on the verge with 99 SWUs. Figure 1 shows U.S. stormwater utilities by location. A recent development in Texas could possibly lead to more stormwater utilities. Two years ago Governor Abbot signed the Texas Property Tax Reform and Transparency Act which requires local governments to get voter approval to increase property taxes more than 3.5 percent. The previous cap was 8%. This means that communities are scrambling to find other sources of funding such as stormwater utilities. As Figure 2 shows, one of the very disappointing aspects of the SWU map is that Louisiana and Mississippi have missed a golden opportunity to encourage stormwater utilities. Fifteen years after Hurricane Katrina, and 8 years after Sandy neither of the hardest hit states have formed a SWU as far as we can tell. However, New Orleans is considering a stormwater utility to maintain their extensive flood protection systems.