DOCSLIB.ORG

Teaching Reaction Engineering Using the Attainable Region

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Teaching Reaction Engineering Using the Attainable Region ChE curriculum TEACHING REACTION ENGINEERING USING THE AttAINABLE REGION MATTHEW J. METZGER, BENJAMIN J. GLASSER Rutgers University • Piscataway, NJ 08854 DAVID GLASSER, BRENDON HAUSBERGER, AND DIANE HILDEBRANDT University of the Witwatersrand • WITS, 2050 Johannesburg, South Africa sk a graduating chemical engineering student the fol- Matthew Metzger is pursuing his Ph.D. at Rutgers University. He received lowing question: What makes one reactor different his B.S. from Lafayette College and spent two summers working with the from the next? The answers received will often be chemical engineering department at the University of the Witwatersrand. His interests lie in applying the attainable region approach to particle Aunsatisfactory and vary widely in scope. Some may cite the processing in the pharmaceutical field. difference between the basic design equations, others may Benjamin J. Glasser is an associate professor of chemical and bio- point out a PFR is “longer,” and still others may state that it chemical engineering at Rutgers University. He has earned degrees in all depends on the particular reaction network. Though these chemical engineering from the University of the Witwatersrand (B.S., answers do possess a bit of truth, they do not capture the true M.S.) and Princeton University (Ph.D.). His research interests include granular flows, gas-particle flows, multiphase reactors, and nonlinear difference between reactors: the degree of mixing achieved. dynamics of transport processes. This is the inherent difficulty with teaching chemical reaction Diane Hildebrandt is the co-founder of COMPS at the University of engineering. The students learn the technical skills required the Witwatersrand. She received her B.S., M.S., and Ph.D. from the to perform the calculations to determine maximum yields and University of the Witwatersrand, and currently leads the academic and consultant research teams at the university. She has published more than shortest space-times, but very rarely are they able to grasp and 50 refereed-journal articles on topics ranging from process synthesis to thoroughly understand the theory and underlying differences thermodynamics. between reactors.[1] Often, too much time is devoted to tedious Brendon Hausberger is a director at the Centre of Material and Process and involved calculations to determine the correct answer on Synthesis (COMPS) at the University of the Witwatersrand. He received homework instead of focusing on the concepts to enforce the his B.S. and Ph.D. from the University of the Witwatersrand, and is cur- rently overseeing the launch of Fischer-Tropschs plants in both China benefits offered by each reactor presented. and Australia. Reactor network optimization is traditionally not covered David Glasser is a director of the Centre of Material and Process Syn- [2-4] in any depth at the undergraduate level. The way reactor thesis at the University of the Witwatersrand. He is acknowledged as a network optimization is traditionally taught to graduate stu- world-leading researcher in the field of reactor and process optimization, and is a NRF A1 rated researcher. His extensive publication record and dents often involves large numbers of coupled equations that research areas extend from reactor design and optimization to distillation can sometimes hide the final goal of the analysis. Attempts and process optimization and intensification. © Copyright ChE Division of ASEE 2007 258 Chemical Engineering Education to simplify the situation, such as Levenspiel’s graphical possible reactor configurations. One of its advantages over analysis,[4] do offer some benefit, however their applicability previous approaches is the elimination of laborious and is limited as they can readily only optimize simple reaction counter-productive trial and error calculations. The focus problems. For chemical engineers, it is paramount to know is on determining all possible outlet concentrations, regard- the most promising solution to a real problem in the shortest less of the reactor configuration, rather than on examining a amount of time, and rarely is this accomplished with the cur- single concentration from a single reactor. Approaching the rent teaching methods for reactor network optimization. problem from this direction ensures that all reactor systems Presented here is an approach that addresses the challenges are included in the analysis, removing the reliance on the presented above. The attainable region (AR) approach is a user’s imagination to create reactor structures. Also, for lower powerful research technique that has been applied to optimi- dimensional problems often studied in the undergraduate zation of reactor networks.[5-7] It is also a powerful teaching courses, the final solution can be represented in a clear and tool that focuses on the fundamental processes involved in intuitive graphical form. From this graphical representation, a system, rather than the unit operations themselves. It has the optimal process flow sheet can be read directly. In addi- been used to introduce undergraduate and graduate students tion, once the universal region of attainable concentrations to complex reactor network optimization in a short time, with is known, applying new objective functions on the reactor little to no additional calculations required. system is effortless. No further calculations are required, and the optimal values can be read directly from the graph. BACKGROUND Finally, this general tool can be applied to any problem whose basic operation can be The generic approach to complex reac- The AR analysis method broken down into fundamental processes, tor design and optimization is to build on has been presented in including isothermal and nonisothermal reac- previous experience and knowledge to test [5, 12] [13] undergraduate courses, to tor network synthesis, optimal control, a new reactor configuration against the combined reaction and separation,[14-16] com- previous champion that yielded the best industrial audiences, and in [17, 18] [8] minution, and others. Process synthesis result. If a new maximum is achieved, the masters courses at the Uni- and design usefulness are aided greatly by reactor configuration and process settings versity of the Witwatersrand this alternative approach. are kept. If not, the previous solution is in South Africa, as well as, retained and the entire process is repeated. The AR analysis method has been pre- The biggest issue with this trial and error more recently, as an alterna- sented in undergraduate courses, to indus- approach is the time it takes. Also, there tive to traditional complex trial audiences, and in master’s courses is no way to know if all possible com- reactor design in a graduate at the University of the Witwatersrand in binations of operational parameters and reaction engineering course South Africa, as well as, more recently, as an alternative to traditional complex reactor reactors have been tested. In addition, at Rutgers University. calculations are normally exhausting and design in a graduate reaction engineering general computational techniques are dif- course at Rutgers University. The overall ficult to develop due to the specificity of response from the audiences has been fa- each arrangement. Over time, this mechanism has evolved vorable, and it is the intention of the authors to discuss the into a set of design heuristics that dominate decision processes benefits this approach offers to the field of reaction engineer- throughout industry.[9] ing. To aid with teaching/learning, a detailed attainable region [10] Web site has been set up and the address is given at the end Achenie and Biegler model a reactor superstructure of this article. using a mixed integer nonlinear programming (MINLP), which transforms the task into an optimal control problem. In this paper we will first introduce a moderately chal- Again, this approach is useful if the optimal reactor network lenging reaction engineering problem. Next, the AR analy- is known, but it does not address the issue of choosing the sis will be illustrated by solving the presented problem. optimal reactor network. Finally, the teaching strategy adopted by both institutions will be presented. Horn[11] defines the AR as the region in the stoichiometric subspace that could be reached by any possible reactor sys- PROBLEM STATEMENT tem. Furthermore, if any point in this subspace were used as the feed to another system of reactors, the output from this The following liquid phase, constant density, isothermal system would also exist within the same AR. This framework reaction network will be used to illustrate the AR approach. approaches reactor design and optimization in a simpler, k1 AB k3 →C ()1 easier, and more robust manner. It offers a systematic a priori ↔ k2 approach to determining the ideal reactor configuration based 2ADk4 → ()2 upon identifying all possible output concentrations from all Vol. 41, No. 4, Fall 2007 259 The initial characteristics of the reaction network are shown a feed of pure A. These reaction kinetics were used because in Table 1. The end goal of this exercise is to determine the they represent a reaction network without an intuitively obvi- reactor configuration that maximizes the production of B for ous optimal structure. A PFR will maximize the amount of B produced in the first reaction, but a CSTR will minimize the TABLE 1 amount of A consumed in the second reaction. Reaction Network Constants and Initial Concentrations 0 0 0 0 CA CB CC CD SOLUTION 1 kmol m-3 0 kmol m-3 0 kmol m-3 0 kmol m-3 Determining the candidate attainable region for this reaction scheme involves the completion of the following simplified k1 k2 k3 k4 steps: selecting the fundamental processes, choosing the state 0.01 s-1 5 s-1 10 s-1 100 m3 Figure 1 kmol-1 s-1 variables, defining and drawing the process vectors, construct- ing the region, interpreting the boundary as the process flow (a) 1.2 12 sheet, and finding the optimum. I. Choose the Fundamental Processes ) 1 10 ) 3 3 0.8 8 In this particular example, the fundamental processes are 0.6 6 reaction and mixing.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Opportunities for Catalysis in the 21St Century
    Opportunities for Catalysis in The 21st Century A Report from the Basic Energy Sciences Advisory Committee BASIC ENERGY SCIENCES ADVISORY COMMITTEE SUBPANEL WORKSHOP REPORT Opportunities for Catalysis in the 21st Century May 14-16, 2002 Workshop Chair Professor J. M. White University of Texas Writing Group Chair Professor John Bercaw California Institute of Technology This page is intentionally left blank. Contents Executive Summary........................................................................................... v A Grand Challenge....................................................................................................... v The Present Opportunity .............................................................................................. v The Importance of Catalysis Science to DOE.............................................................. vi A Recommendation for Increased Federal Investment in Catalysis Research............. vi I. Introduction................................................................................................ 1 A. Background, Structure, and Organization of the Workshop .................................. 1 B. Recent Advances in Experimental and Theoretical Methods ................................ 1 C. The Grand Challenge ............................................................................................. 2 D. Enabling Approaches for Progress in Catalysis ..................................................... 3 E. Consensus Observations and Recommendations..................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Process Intensification in the Synthesis of Organic Esters : Kinetics
    PROCESS INTENSIFICATION IN THE SYNTHESIS OF ORGANIC ESTERS: KINETICS, SIMULATIONS AND PILOT PLANT EXPERIMENTS By Venkata Krishna Sai Pappu A DISSERTATION Submitted to Michigan State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Chemical Engineering 2012 ABSTRACT PROCESS INTENSIFICATION IN THE SYNTHESIS OF ORGANIC ESTERS: KINETICS, SIMULATIONS AND PILOT PLANT EXPERIMENTS By Venkata Krishna Sai Pappu Organic esters are commercially important bulk chemicals used in a gamut of industrial applications. Traditional routes for the synthesis of esters are energy intensive, involving repeated steps of reaction typically followed by distillation, signifying the need for process intensification (PI). This study focuses on the evaluation of PI concepts such as reactive distillation (RD) and distillation with external side reactors in the production of organic acid ester via esterification or transesterification reactions catalyzed by solid acid catalysts. Integration of reaction and separation in one column using RD is a classic example of PI in chemical process development. Indirect hydration of cyclohexene to produce cyclohexanol via esterification with acetic acid was chosen to demonstrate the benefits of applying PI principles in RD. In this work, chemical equilibrium and reaction kinetics were measured using batch reactors for Amberlyst 70 catalyzed esterification of acetic acid with cyclohexene to give cyclohexyl acetate. A kinetic model that can be used in modeling reactive distillation processes was developed. The kinetic equations are written in terms of activities, with activity coefficients calculated using the NRTL model. Heat of reaction obtained from experiments is compared to predicted heat which is calculated using standard thermodynamic data. The effect of cyclohexene dimerization and initial water concentration on the activity of heterogeneous catalyst is also discussed.
    [Show full text]
  • Chemical Process Modeling in Modelica
    Chemical Process Modeling in Modelica Ali Baharev Arnold Neumaier Fakultät für Mathematik, Universität Wien Nordbergstraße 15, A-1090 Wien, Austria Abstract model creation involves only high-level operations on a GUI; low-level coding is not required. This is the Chemical process models are highly structured. Infor- desired way of input. Not surprisingly, this is also mation on how the hierarchical components are con- how it is implemented in commercial chemical process nected helps to solve the model efficiently. Our ulti- simulators such as Aspen PlusR , Aspen HYSYSR or mate goal is to develop structure-driven optimization CHEMCAD R . methods for solving nonlinear programming problems Nonlinear system of equations are generally solved (NLP). The structural information retrieved from the using optimization techniques. AMPL (FOURER et al. JModelica environment will play an important role in [12]) is the de facto standard for model representation the development of our novel optimization methods. and exchange in the optimization community. Many Foundations of a Modelica library for general-purpose solvers for solving nonlinear programming (NLP) chemical process modeling have been built. Multi- problems are interfaced with the AMPL environment. ple steady-states in ideal two-product distillation were We are aiming to create a ‘Modelica to AMPL’ con- computed as a proof of concept. The Modelica source verter. One could use the Modelica toolchain to create code is available at the project homepage. The issues the models conveniently on a GUI. After exporting the encountered during modeling may be valuable to the Modelica model in AMPL format, the already existing Modelica language designers. software environments (solvers with AMPL interface, Keywords: separation, distillation column, tearing AMPL scripts) can be used.
    [Show full text]
  • Taking Reactive Distillation to the Next Level of Process Intensification, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 69, 553-558 DOI: 10.3303/CET1869093 554
    553 A publication of CHEMICAL ENGINEERING TRANSACTIONS VOL. 69, 2018 The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.aidic.it/cet Guest Editors: Elisabetta Brunazzi, Eva Sorensen Copyright © 2018, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l. ISBN 978-88-95608-66-2; ISSN 2283-9216 DOI: 10.3303/CET1869093 Taking Reactive Distillation to the Next Level of Process Intensification Anton A. Kissa,b,*, Megan Jobsona a The University of Manchester, School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, Centre for Process Integration, Sackville Street, The Mill, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom b University of Twente, Sustainable Process Technology, PO Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands [email protected] Reactive distillation (RD) is an efficient process intensification technique that integrates catalytic chemical reaction and distillation in a single apparatus. The process is also known as catalytic distillation when a solid catalyst is used. RD technology has many key advantages such as reduced capital investment and significant energy savings, as it can surpass equilibrium limitations, simplify complex processes, increase product selectivity and improve the separation efficiency. But RD is also constrained by thermodynamic requirements (related to volatility differences and heat of reaction), overlapping of the reaction and distillation operating conditions, and the availability of catalysts that are active, selective and with sufficient longevity. This paper is the first to provide insights into novel reactive distillation technologies that combine RD principles with other intensified distillation technologies – e.g. dividing-wall columns, cyclic distillation, HiGee distillation, and heat integrated distillation column – potentially leading to new processes and applications. 1. Introduction Reactive distillation (RD) is one of the best success stories of process intensification technology – developed since the early 1920s – that made a strong positive impact in the chemical process industry (CPI).
    [Show full text]
  • CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING* Current Status and Future Directions
    [eJij9iviews and opinions CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING* Current Status and Future Directions M. P. DUDUKOVIC and petrochemical industry provided a fertile ground Washington University for further development of reaction engineering con­ St. Louis, MO 63130 cepts. The final cornerstone of this new discipline was laid in 1957 by the First Symposium on Chemical HEMICAL REACTIONS have been used by man­ Reaction Engineering [3] which brought together and C kind since time immemorial to produce useful synthesized the European point of view. The Amer­ products such as wine, metals, etc. Nevertheless, the ican and European schools of thought were not identi­ unifying principles that today we call chemical reac­ cal, but in time they converged into the subject matter tion engineering were not developed until relatively a that we know today as chemical reaction engineering, short time ago. During the decade of the 1940's (not or CRE. The above chronology led to the establish­ even half a century ago!) a transition was made from ment of CRE as an accepted discipline over the span descriptive industrial chemistry to the conceptual un­ of a decade and a half. This does not imply that all the ification of reaction processes and reactor types. The principles important in CRE were discovered then. pioneering work in this area of industrial practice was The foundation for CRE had already been established done by Denbigh [1] in England. Then in 1947, by the early work of Frank-Kamenteski, Damkohler, Hougen and Watson [2] published the first textbook Zeldovitch, etc., but at that time they represented in the U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Chemical Engineering (CHE) 1
    Chemical Engineering (CHE) 1 CHE 3113 Rate Operations II CHEMICAL ENGINEERING Prerequisites: CHE 3013, CHE 3333, and CHE 3473 with grades of "C" or better. (CHE) Description: Development and application of phenomenological and empirical models to the design and analysis of mass transfer and CHE 1112 Introduction to the Engineering of Coffee (LN) separations unit operations. Description: A non-mathematical introduction to the engineering aspects Credit hours: 3 of roasting and brewing coffee. Simple engineering concepts are used Contact hours: Lecture: 3 Contact: 3 to study methods for roasting and processing of coffee. The course will Levels: Undergraduate investigate techniques for brewing coffee such as a drip coffee, pour-over, Schedule types: Lecture French press, AeroPress, and espresso. Laboratory experiences focus on Department/School: Chemical Engineering roasting and brewing coffee to teach introductory engineering concepts CHE 3123 Chemical Reaction Engineering to both engineers and non-engineers. Prerequisites: CHE 3013, CHE 3333, and CHE 3473 with grades of "C" or Credit hours: 2 better. Contact hours: Lecture: 1 Lab: 2 Contact: 3 Description: Principles of chemical kinetics rate concepts and data Levels: Undergraduate treatment. Elements of reactor design principles for homogeneous Schedule types: Lab, Lecture, Combined lecture and lab systems; introduction to heterogeneous systems. Course previously Department/School: Chemical Engineering offered as CHE 4473. General Education and other Course Attributes: Scientific Investigation, Credit hours: 3 Natural Sciences Contact hours: Lecture: 3 Contact: 3 CHE 2033 Introduction to Chemical Process Engineering Levels: Undergraduate Prerequisites: CHEM 1515, ENSC 2213, and ENGR 1412 with grades of "C" Schedule types: Lecture or better and concurrent enrollment in MATH 2233 or MATH 3263.
    [Show full text]
  • Master's Program in Chemical and Biochemical Engineering
    Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Kemisk og Biokemisk Teknologi Master of Science (Kandidat) 2 years Master’s Program in Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Why get a master’s degree in chemical and bio- Holding a master’s degree in Chemical and Biochemical chemical engineering? Engineering from DTU you will be one of those engineers You have got a bachelor degree in a related field, you are with the scientific and technological capabilities needed to interested in commercial and sustainable chemical or bio- bring new chemical and biochemical products from incep- chemical transformation of raw materials to products, but tion to safe and economically viable production. You will be you are first and foremost interested in the research and at the forefront of chemical and biochemical engineering, development of methods and processes: Then DTU’s MSc in and you will be on your way to a rewarding career based on Chemical and Biochemical Engineering is the right two-year research and development. master’s program for you. Program Content The program is a research based four semester education, where three semesters are taken up by courses in different disciplines, giving you a basis and specialized knowledge lea- ding up to the semester-long MSc research project. You will set up your own individualized study plan, covering key aspects of chemical process technology and process-oriented aspects of biotechnology and biochemistry, chemical and biochemical pro- duct design, or the cross-disciplinary application of chemical engineering principles in energy and environmental engine- ering. These are the three focus areas of the program. Your MSc project, carried out at leading research centers of DTU, especially at DTU Chemical Engineering, often in col- laboration with major Danish companies, prepares you for research and development in academic or industrial contexts.
    [Show full text]
  • Biochemical Thermodynamics
    © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC. NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION CHAPTER 1 Biochemical Thermodynamics Learning Objectives 1. Defi ne and use correctly the terms system, closed, open, surroundings, state, energy, temperature, thermal energy, irreversible process, entropy, free energy, electromotive force (emf), Faraday constant, equilibrium constant, acid dissociation constant, standard state, and biochemical standard state. 2. State and appropriately use equations relating the free energy change of reactions, the standard-state free energy change, the equilibrium constant, and the concentrations of reactants and products. 3. Explain qualitatively and quantitatively how unfavorable reactions may occur at the expense of a favorable reaction. 4. Apply the concept of coupled reactions and the thermodynamic additivity of free energy changes to calculate overall free energy changes and shifts in the concentrations of reactants and products. 5. Construct balanced reduction–oxidation reactions, using half-reactions, and calculate the resulting changes in free energy and emf. 6. Explain differences between the standard-state convention used by chemists and that used by biochemists, and give reasons for the differences. 7. Recognize and apply correctly common biochemical conventions in writing biochemical reactions. Basic Quantities and Concepts Thermodynamics is a system of thinking about interconnections of heat, work, and matter in natural processes like heating and cooling materials, mixing and separation of materials, and— of particular interest here—chemical reactions. Thermodynamic concepts are freely used throughout biochemistry to explain or rationalize chains of chemical transformations, as well as their connections to physical and biological processes such as locomotion or reproduction, the generation of fever, the effects of starvation or malnutrition, and more.
    [Show full text]
  • Mixing, Crystallization and Separation
    CRYSTALLIZATION AND PRECIPITATION ENGINEERING Alan Jones, Rudi Zauner and Stelios Rigopoulos Department of Chemical Engineering University College London, UK www.chemeng.ucl.ac.uk Acknowledgements to: Mohsen Al-Rashed, Andreas Schreiner and Terry Kougoulos; EPSRC, EU and GSK Outline of talk ! Introduction to crystals and crystallization ! The ideal well-mixed crystallizer ! Prediction of Crystal Size Distribution ! Mixing effects in real crystallizers ! Precipitation processes ! Crystallization processes ! Scale up ! Scale out ! Conclusions Crystallization Processes ! Crystallization is a core technology of many sectors in the chemical process and allied industries ! Involves a variety of business sectors, e.g. – Agrochemicals, catalysts, dyes/pigments, electronics, food/confectionery, health products, nano-materials, nuclear fuel, personal products & pharmaceuticals ! Processes can involve complex process chemistry together with non-ideal reactor hydrodynamics – Hence can be difficult to understand and scale-up from laboratory to production scale operation ! Crystallization also forms part of a wider process system Crystallization Process Systems Water Feed ‘Clean’ air Liquor Recycle to recycle Liquor to recycle Slurry Convey Liquor to recycle Screen Mill Hot air oversize PRODUCT CRYSTALS Mix, convey, etc. Jones, A.G. Crystallization Process Systems, Butterworth-Heinemann, 2002 CRYSTAL CHARACTERISTICS Crystals appear in many: ! sizes, ! shapes and ! forms, Which affect both: ! performance during processing, and ! quality in application
    [Show full text]
  • Process Descriptions: an Introductory Library Research Assignment on Chemical Processes for First Year Students
    Session 1313 Process Descriptions: An Introductory Library Research Assignment on Chemical Processes for First Year Students S. Scott Moor Lafayette College Abstract In our first year “Introduction to Engineering” class, each student passes through a three-week block on chemical engineering. In such a short period of time, it is always a challenge to give students a clear idea of the nature and diversity of chemical engineering. I have particularly wanted them to understand the process focus of chemical engineering and the wide range of products made with chemical processes. One tool I have used over the past two years is a assignment requiring students to research how some product is made, writing up a brief (two- page plus figures) summary of their research. Groups of three students work on a topic together and are given approximately one week to complete their research. They are required to look into the basic process for making their assigned product, the safety and environmental issues for that process, the uses of the product and some background on the economics of the product. In this paper, I present the details of the set-up of this assignment so it can be easily reproduced. Included are the over 50 topics currently used and references that cover these topics. I also present an assessment of our experience. Students seem to find this assignment interesting and enjoyable. The resulting summaries are generally well done. This assignment has the added benefit of getting the engineering students into the library early in their engineering studies. Introduction In our first year ”Introduction to Engineering” class, I wanted students to gain insight into the nature of chemical engineering and the issues which chemical engineers face.
    [Show full text]
  • Chemical Process Hazards Analysis (DOE-HDBK-1100-2004)
    ENGLISH DOE-HDBK-1100-2004 August 2004 Superseding DOE-HDBK-1100-96 February 1996 DOE HANDBOOK CHEMICAL PROCESS HAZARDS ANALYSIS U.S. Department of Energy AREA SAFT Washington, D.C. 20585 DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. This document has been reproduced directly from the best available copy. Available to DOE and DOE contractors from the ES&H Technical Information Services, U.S. Department of Energy, (800) 473-4375, fax: (301) 903-9823. Available to the public from the U.S. Department of Commerce, Technology Administration, National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA 22161; (703) 605-6000. DOE-HDBK-1100-2004 FOREWORD The Office of Health (EH-5) under the Assistant Secretary for the Environment, Safety and Health of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) has published two handbooks for use by DOE contractors managing facilities and processes covered by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Rule for Process Safety Management of Highly Hazardous Chemicals (29 CFR 1910.119), herein referred to as the PSM Rule. The PSM Rule contains an integrated set of chemical process safety management elements designed to prevent chemical releases that can lead to catastrophic fires, explosions, or toxic exposures. The purpose of the two handbooks, "Process Safety Management for Highly Hazardous Chemicals" and "Chemical Process Hazards Analysis," is to facilitate implementation of the provisions of the PSM Rule within the DOE. The purpose of this handbook is to facilitate, within the DOE, the performance of chemical process hazards analyses (PrHAs) as required under the PSM Rule. It provides basic information for the performance of PrHAs, and should not be considered a complete resource on PrHA methods.
    [Show full text]
  • Course Chemical Process Modeling
    Course Chemical Process Modeling Basic Information Course «Chemical Process Modeling» will provide you with the advanced knowledge and skills to training in use of modelling and simulation approaches, and their application to practical problems of relevance to chemical and refinery industries. This is a course, which contributes to MSc award in Petroleum Chemistry and Refining Title of the Master's Degree Programs in English “Petroleum Chemistry and Academic Program Refining” Type of the course core /mandatory Course period From December 1st till December 31st, 1 semester (5 weeks) Study credits 4 ECTS credits Duration 144 hours Language of English instruction BSc degree in Petroleum Engineering, Engineering, Chemistry , , Academic Environmental Sciences or equivalent (transcript of records), requirements good command of English (certificate or other official document) Course Description The course of «Chemical Process Modeling» provided a curriculum of master’s program 04.04.01.10 «Petroleum chemistry and refining». Chemical Process Modeling considers a systematic approach to the creation of information systems of modeling and design of complex chemical-technological processes. The students are introduced to the methods of computer simulation of engineering systems as used within the chemical and refinery industry, for the prediction of the (steady-state) behavior and performance of various technology processes such as separation processes, heat transfer and chemical conversions. Special Features of the Course (module) Chemical Process
    [Show full text]