DOCSLIB.ORG

Study on the Sleep-Improvement Effects of Hemerocallis Citrina

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Study on the Sleep-Improvement Effects of Hemerocallis Citrina foods Article Study on the Sleep-Improvement Effects of Hemerocallis citrina Baroni in Drosophila melanogaster and Targeted Screening to Identify Its Active Components and Mechanism Yuxuan Liang, Riming Huang, Yongchun Chen, Jing Zhong, Jie Deng, Ziyi Wang, Zhuojun Wu, Meiying Li, Hong Wang and Yuanming Sun * College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; [email protected] (Y.L.); [email protected] (R.H.); [email protected] (Y.C.); [email protected] (J.Z.); [email protected] (J.D.); [email protected] (Z.W.); [email protected] (Z.W.); [email protected] (M.L.); [email protected] (H.W.) * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Hemerocallis citrina Baroni (HC) is an edible plant in Asia, and it has been traditionally used for sleep-improvement. However, the bioactive components and mechanism of HC in sleep- improvement are still unclear. In this study, the sleep-improvement effect of HC hydroalcoholic extract was investigated based on a caffeine-induced insomnia model in Drosophila melanogaster (D. melanogaster), and the ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupole Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-ESI-Orbitrap-MS) and network pharmacology strategy were further combined to screen systematically the active con- Citation: Liang, Y.; Huang, R.; Chen, stituents and mechanism of HC in sleep-improvement. The results suggested HC effectively regu- Y.; Zhong, J.; Deng, J.; Wang, Z.; Wu, lated the number of nighttime activities and total sleep time of D. melanogaster in a dose-dependent Z.; Li, M.; Wang, H.; Sun, Y. Study on manner and positively regulated the sleep bouts and sleep duration of D. melanogaster. The target the Sleep-Improvement Effects of screening suggested that quercetin, luteolin, kaempferol, caffeic acid, and nicotinic acid were the Hemerocallis citrina Baroni in main bioactive components of HC in sleep-improvements. Moreover, the core targets (Akt1, Cat, Drosophila melanogaster and Targeted Ple, and Sod) affected by HC were verified by the expression of the mRNA of D. melanogaster. In Screening to Identify Its Active summary, this study showed that HC could effectively regulate the sleep of D. melanogaster and Components and Mechanism. Foods further clarifies the multi-component and multi-target features of HC in sleep-improvement, which 2021, 10, 883. https://doi.org/ 10.3390/foods10040883 provides a new insight for the research and utilization of HC. Academic Editor: Massimo Castellari Keywords: Hemerocallis citrina Baroni; liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry sleep; Drosophila melanogaster; network pharmacology; mRNA expression Received: 12 March 2021 Accepted: 15 April 2021 Published: 17 April 2021 1. Introduction Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral Sleep is a complex physiological process influenced by many factors [1]. The sleep with regard to jurisdictional claims in disorders of the population keep increasing in modern society because of the changes in published maps and institutional affil- lifestyle and environment [2]. Emerging evidence indicates that inadequate sleep can have iations. many negative effects on health, such as obesity, heart disease, anxiety, and depression [3–7]. Epidemiological studies have shown that the prevalence of sleep disorders ranges from 3.9% to 22.0% in the world population [8–11]. Drug therapy is still the main method of sleep- improvement; however, more and more studies have paid attention to dietary supplements Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. in avoiding dependence, addiction, and other side-effects induced by drugs [2,12–15]. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. Similar to mammalian sleep, circadian rhythms of D. melanogaster have been quantified This article is an open access article as a sleep/wake activity and neuromodulation of sleep behavior [16], and the locomotor distributed under the terms and activity of D. melanogaster is often used to measure sleep/wake activity [17]. At present, conditions of the Creative Commons the spontaneous locomotor activity of D. melanogaster is quantified using a PC-based Attribution (CC BY) license (https:// locomotor activity monitoring system, which records the locomotor activity of individual creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ D. melanogaster based on the interruption of an infrared beam. It is able to monitor the 4.0/). Foods 2021, 10, 883. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods10040883 https://www.mdpi.com/journal/foods Foods 2021, 10, 883 2 of 15 locomotor behavior of D. melanogaster over a longer period of time under standardized living conditions, as well as to measure the sleep parameters of D. melanogaster [18]. The previous studies have defined the duration of sleep, the number of sleep cycles, and the average duration of each sleep in Drosophila [13,19,20]. Therefore, models of D. melanogaster have been valuable in the discovery of novel sleep regulators [17]. Hemerocallis citrina Baroni (HC), as an edible plant, is widely grown in Asia with high economic value due to its good taste and health-promoting properties, and it has a long history of being used to ameliorate sleep-related disorders [21–23]. However, the unclear material basis and molecular mechanisms of HC in sleep-improvement re- strict its further development and application. Phytochemical analysis revealed that HC contains many bioactive components such as flavonols, anthraquinones, and polyphe- nols [24]. Furthermore, previous studies have shown that HC possesses anti-depression and anti-inflammatory effects [23,25–27]. Among them, Du et al. reported that the main compounds responsible for its antidepressant activity are flavonoids (especially rutin and hesperidin) [22,28]. Furthermore, a few studies have indicated that some single com- pounds such as rutin, hyperoside, and caffeic acid might possess the potential function of improving sleep [29–33], though these studies mainly focused on the bioactivity of a single compound. However, food provides a characteristic combination of multiple nutrients in one group that work together to play an essential role. Therefore, we speculate that there are multiple compounds in HC that play a role in sleep-improvement. With the development of pharmacology, bioinformatics, and network science, Hopkins proposed the concept of “network pharmacology” in 2008 [34], which provides novel insights to reveal the coordinated interaction among multi-components, multi-targets, and multi-pathways, and to deepen the understanding of complex diseases at the system level [35,36]. So, in this study, the sleep-improvement effect of HC was firstly investigated based on the caffeine-induced insomnia model in D. melanogaster. Then, high-resolution UHPLC-ESI-Orbitrap-MS was used to analyze the composition of HC. On this basis, the network pharmacology strategy was used to screen bioactive compounds and identify the mechanism of HC in sleep-improvement. Moreover, the transcription levels of core targets of the network were further verified. 2. Materials and Methods 2.1. Materials Commercial Hemerocallis citrina Baroni (flower buds) was obtained from Qidong county, Hunan province. Acetonitrile hypergrade for liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC-MS) LiChrosolv® was bought from Merck KgaA (Darmstadt, Germany), and methanol hypergrade was purchased from SIMARK (Tianjin, China). Ultra- pure water was prepared using the Unique-R10 system from Research Water Purification Technology Co. Ltd. (Xiamen, China). 2.2. Preparation of HC Extract Two hundred grams of HC was ground to powder and extracted three times in 2000 mL of 60% ethanol under a temperature of 25 ◦C, each time for 24 h. The combined ethanolic extract was centrifuged at 12,000 rpm for 15 min, and then the supernatant was concentrated under reduced pressure on a rotary evaporator (45 ◦C, 60 hpa). Part of the concentrate was lyophilized for 72 h to obtain lyophilized powder and stored at −20 ◦C. Additionally, part of the concentrate was filtered by a 0.22 µm filter membrane and then stored at −4 ◦C until UPLC-orbitrap-MS analysis. 2.3. Drosophila Stocks Wild-type D. melanogaster (Canton-S strain) were purchased from the Core Facility of Drosophila Resources and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. The flies were raised in standard medium (5% sucrose, 8% Foods 2021, 10, 883 3 of 15 cornmeal, 4% dried yeast, 1% agar, and 0.5% propionic acid) at 25 ◦C in 12:12 h light: dark cycles. Male flies (3-day-old) were collected under CO2 anesthesia for formal experiment. 2.4. Measurement of Locomotor Activity The food used in the measurement of locomotor activity was made up of 1% agar and 5% sucrose. Agar-sucrose food containing 0.1% caffeine was made. On this basis, 0.625%, 1.250%, and 2.500% of HC extract were add to the agar-sucrose food containing 0.1% caffeine, respectively. Each group contained 19 fruit flies. D. melanogaster were individually transferred in separate plastic tubes and were monitored through the Drosophila Activity Monitoring System (DAM; TriKinetics, Waltham, MA, USA). Monitoring was performed for 3 days under conditions of constant darkness at 25 ◦C and 60% relative humidity, and locomotor activity was taken every minute. The sleep of D. melanogaster was defined as no locomotor activity observed within 5 min [37], and the number of sleep bouts and sleep duration was counted by excel [13,38]. 2.5. UHPLC-Orbitrap-MS Analysis A Q Exactive-Orbitrap Mass Spectrometer (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Bremen, Ger- many), equipped with an electrospray ionization (ESI) source working in a positive model and a negative model was used for accurate mass measurements. Liquid Chromatog- raphy analysis was performed using a Dionex UltiMate 3000 (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Bremen, Germany) equipped with a quaternary pump and a thermostated autosampler. Chromatographic separation was accomplished with an Agilent InfinityLab Poroshell 120, 4.6 mm × 150 mm, 2.7 µm column were used (Agilent Infinity Lab, Wilmington, DE, USA). The detailed operation was performed according to the previous method with slight modifications, and it is presented in the Supplementary Material [39].
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Potential Enhancement of Dietary Isothiocyanates Combination on Biological Activities
    University of Massachusetts Amherst ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst Doctoral Dissertations Dissertations and Theses July 2017 POTENTIAL ENHANCEMENT OF DIETARY ISOTHIOCYANATES COMBINATION ON BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES Kanyasiri Rakariyatham University of Massachusetts Amherst Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations_2 Part of the Biology Commons, and the Food Science Commons Recommended Citation Rakariyatham, Kanyasiri, "POTENTIAL ENHANCEMENT OF DIETARY ISOTHIOCYANATES COMBINATION ON BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES" (2017). Doctoral Dissertations. 963. https://doi.org/10.7275/9959223.0 https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations_2/963 This Open Access Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Dissertations and Theses at ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. For more information, please contact [email protected]. POTENTIAL ENHANCEMENT OF DIETARY ISOTHIOCYANATES COMBINATION ON BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES A Dissertation Presented by KANYASIRI RAKARIYATHAM Submitted to the Graduate School of the University of Massachusetts Amherst in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY May 2017 Food Science © Copyright by Kanyasiri Rakariyatham 2017 All Rights Reserved POTENTIAL ENHANCEMENT OF DIETARY ISOTHIOCYANATES COMBINATION ON BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES A Dissertation Presented by KANYASIRI RAKARIYATHAM Approved as to style and content by: _________________________________________
    [Show full text]
  • Cytotoxic Activities of Flavonoids from Centaurea Scoparia
    Hindawi Publishing Corporation e Scientific World Journal Volume 2014, Article ID 274207, 7 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/274207 Research Article Cytotoxic Activities of Flavonoids from Centaurea scoparia Sayed A. Ahmed and Emadeldin M. Kamel Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Beni Suef University, Salah Salem Street, P.O. Box 62514, Beni Suef 62514, Egypt Correspondence should be addressed to Sayed A. Ahmed; [email protected] Received 17 January 2014; Accepted 22 May 2014; Published 11 June 2014 Academic Editor: Diego Savoia Copyright © 2014 S. A. Ahmed and E. M. Kamel. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Phytochemical studies on the ethanolic extract of the aerial parts of Centaurea scoparia ledtotheisolationof two new flavonoids, 3 ,4 -dihydroxy-(3 ,4 -dihydro-3 -hydroxy-4 -acetoxy)-2 ,2 -dimethylpyrano-(5 ,6 :7,8)-flavone-3-O-- D-glucopyranoside (1)and3,3,4 -trihydroxy-(3 ,4 -dihydro-3 ,4 -dihydroxy)-2 ,2 -dimethylpyrano-(5 ,6 :7,8)-flavone (2), along with eight known flavonoids isolated for the first time from this plant, cynaroside (3), Apigetrin (4), centaureidin (5), oroxylin A(6), 5,7-dihydroxy-3 ,4 ,5 -trimethoxyflavone (7), atalantoflavone (8), 5-hydroxy-3 ,4 ,8-trimethoxy-2 ,2 -dimethylpyrano (5 ,6 :6,7)-flavone (9), and 3 ,4 ,5,8-tetramethoxy-2 ,2 -dimethylpyrano (5 ,6 :6,7)-flavone (10). The structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated by means of spectroscopic tools including 1D and 2D NMR, UV,IR, and mass spectroscopy.
    [Show full text]
  • Figure S1. Heat Map of R (Pearson's Correlation Coefficient)
    Figure S1. Heat map of r (Pearson’s correlation coefficient) value among different samples including replicates. The color represented the r value. Figure S2. Distributions of accumulation profiles of lipids, nucleotides, and vitamins detected by widely-targeted UPLC-MC during four fruit developmental stages. The colors indicate the proportional content of each identified metabolites as determined by the average peak response area with R scale normalization. PS1, 2, 3, and 4 represents fruit samples collected at 27, 84, 125, 165 Days After Anthesis (DAA), respectively. Three independent replicates were performed for each stages. Figure S3. Differential metabolites of PS2 vs PS1 group in flavonoid biosynthesis pathway. Figure S4. Differential metabolites of PS2 vs PS1 group in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway. Figure S5. Differential metabolites of PS3 vs PS2 group in flavonoid biosynthesis pathway. Figure S6. Differential metabolites of PS3 vs PS2 group in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway. Figure S7. Differential metabolites of PS4 vs PS3 group in biosynthesis of phenylpropanoids pathway. Figure S8. Differential metabolites of PS2 vs PS1 group in flavonoid biosynthesis pathway and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway combined with RNA-seq results. Table S1. A total of 462 detected metabolites in this study and their peak response areas along the developmental stages of apple fruit. mix0 mix0 mix0 Index Compounds Class PS1a PS1b PS1c PS2a PS2b PS2c PS3a PS3b PS3c PS4a PS4b PS4c ID 1 2 3 Alcohols and 5.25E 7.57E 5.27E 4.24E 5.20E
    [Show full text]
  • Univerzita Palackého V Olomouci Filozofická Fakulta
    UNIVERZITA PALACKÉHO V OLOMOUCI FILOZOFICKÁ FAKULTA KATEDRA ANGLISTIKY A AMERIKANISTIKY Veronika Glaserová The Importance and Meaning of the Character of the Writer in Stephen King’s Works Diplomová práce Vedoucí práce: PhDr. Matthew Sweney, Ph.D. Olomouc 2014 Olomouc 2014 Prohlášení Prohlašuji, že jsem tuto diplomovou práci vypracovala samostatně pod odborným dohledem vedoucího práce a uvedla jsem předepsaným způsobem všechny použité podklady a literaturu. V Olomouci dne Podpis: Poděkování Děkuji vedoucímu práce za odborné vedení práce, poskytování rad a materiálových podkladů k práci. Contents Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 6 1. Genres of Stephen King’s Works ................................................................................. 8 1.1. Fiction .................................................................................................................... 8 1.1.1. Mainstream fiction ........................................................................................... 9 1.1.2. Horror fiction ................................................................................................. 10 1.1.3. Science fiction ............................................................................................... 12 1.1.4. Fantasy ........................................................................................................... 14 1.1.5. Crime fiction .................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Stephen-King-Book-List
    BOOK NERD ALERT: STEPHEN KING ULTIMATE BOOK SELECTIONS *Short stories and poems on separate pages Stand-Alone Novels Carrie Salem’s Lot Night Shift The Stand The Dead Zone Firestarter Cujo The Plant Christine Pet Sematary Cycle of the Werewolf The Eyes Of The Dragon The Plant It The Eyes of the Dragon Misery The Tommyknockers The Dark Half Dolan’s Cadillac Needful Things Gerald’s Game Dolores Claiborne Insomnia Rose Madder Umney’s Last Case Desperation Bag of Bones The Girl Who Loved Tom Gordon The New Lieutenant’s Rap Blood and Smoke Dreamcatcher From a Buick 8 The Colorado Kid Cell Lisey’s Story Duma Key www.booknerdalert.com Last updated: 7/15/2020 Just After Sunset The Little Sisters of Eluria Under the Dome Blockade Billy 11/22/63 Joyland The Dark Man Revival Sleeping Beauties w/ Owen King The Outsider Flight or Fright Elevation The Institute Later Written by his penname Richard Bachman: Rage The Long Walk Blaze The Regulators Thinner The Running Man Roadwork Shining Books: The Shining Doctor Sleep Green Mile The Two Dead Girls The Mouse on the Mile Coffey’s Heads The Bad Death of Eduard Delacroix Night Journey Coffey on the Mile The Dark Tower Books The Gunslinger The Drawing of the Three The Waste Lands Wizard and Glass www.booknerdalert.com Last updated: 7/15/2020 Wolves and the Calla Song of Susannah The Dark Tower The Wind Through the Keyhole Talisman Books The Talisman Black House Bill Hodges Trilogy Mr. Mercedes Finders Keepers End of Watch Short
    [Show full text]
  • Simultaneous Determination of Human Plasma Protein Binding of Bioactive flavonoids in Polygonum Orientale by Equilibrium Dialysis Combined with UPLC–MS/MS
    Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 2013;3(5):376–381 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis www.elsevier.com/locate/jpa www.sciencedirect.com ORIGINAL ARTICLE Simultaneous determination of human plasma protein binding of bioactive flavonoids in Polygonum orientale by equilibrium dialysis combined with UPLC–MS/MS Yong Huang, Hui Chen, Feng He, Zhi-Rong Zhang, Lin Zheng, Yue Liu, Yan-Yu Lan, Shang-Gao Liao, Yong-Jun Li, Yong-Lin Wangn Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics in Guizhou Province, School of Pharmacy, Guiyang Medical University, 9 Beijing Road, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, PR China Received 22 November 2012; accepted 6 April 2013 Available online 9 May 2013 KEYWORDS Abstract A simple and selective ultra performance liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC–ESI-MS/MS) assay was developed for the determination of the human Polygonum orientale; fl Plasma protein binding; plasma protein binding of four bioactive avonoids (such as orientin and vitexin) in Polygonum orientale. Bioactive compounds; Protein precipitation was used for sample preparation. Equilibrium dialysis technique was applied to Equilibrium dialysis; determine the plasma protein binding under physiological conditions. The separation was achieved UPLC–ESI-MS/MS through a Waters C18 column with a mobile phase composed of 0.1% formic acid in acetonitrile and 0.1% aqueous formic acid using step gradient elution at a flow rate of 0.35 mL/min. A Waters ACQUITY™ TQD system was operated under the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode of positive electrospray ionization. All of the recovery, precision, accuracy and stability of the method met the requirements. Good correlations (r40.99) of the four compounds were found, which suggested that these compounds can be simultaneously determined with acceptable accuracy.
    [Show full text]
  • WHO Technical Meeting on Sleep and Health
    WHO technical meeting on sleep and health Bonn Germany, 22-24 January 2004 World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe European Centre for Environment and Health Bonn Office ABSTRACT Twenty-one world experts on sleep medicine and epidemiologists met to review the effects on health of disturbed sleep. Invited experts reviewed the state of the art in sleep parameters, sleep medicine and, long-term effects on health of disturbed sleep in order to define a position on the secondary and long- term effects of noise on sleep for adults, children and other risk groups. This report gives definitions of normal sleep, of indicators of disturbance (arousals, awakenings, sleep deficiency and fragmentation); it describes the main sleep pathologies and disorders and recommends that when evaluating the health impact of chronic long-term sleep disturbance caused by noise exposure, a useful model is the health impact of chronic insomnia. Keywords SLEEP ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH NOISE Address requests about publications of the WHO Regional Office to: • by e-mail [email protected] (for copies of publications) [email protected] (for permission to reproduce them) [email protected] (for permission to translate them) • by post Publications WHO Regional Office for Europe Scherfigsvej 8 DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark © World Health Organization 2004 All rights reserved. The Regional Office for Europe of the World Health Organization welcomes requests for permission to reproduce or translate its publications, in part or in full. The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.
    [Show full text]
  • Stephen King the Stephen King the Stephen King Checklist Checklist Checklist the Dark Tower the Stand the Dark Tower the Stand the Dark Tower the Stand 1
    The Stephen King The Stephen King The Stephen King Checklist Checklist Checklist The Dark Tower The Stand The Dark Tower The Stand The Dark Tower The Stand 1. The Gunslinger The Dead Zone 1. The Gunslinger The Dead Zone 1. The Gunslinger The Dead Zone 2. The Drawing of the Firestarter 2. The Drawing of the Firestarter 2. The Drawing of the Firestarter Three The Mist Three The Mist Three The Mist 3. The Waste Lands Cujo 3. The Waste Lands Cujo 3. The Waste Lands Cujo 4. Wizard and Glass Pet Sematary 4. Wizard and Glass Pet Sematary 4. Wizard and Glass Pet Sematary 5. Wolves of the Calla Christine 5. Wolves of the Calla Christine 5. Wolves of the Calla Christine 6. Song of Susannah Cycle of the Werewolf 6. Song of Susannah Cycle of the Werewolf 6. Song of Susannah Cycle of the Werewolf 7. The Dark Tower It 7. The Dark Tower It 7. The Dark Tower It 8. The Wind Through the The Eyes of the Dragon 8. The Wind Through the The Eyes of the Dragon 8. The Wind Through the The Eyes of the Dragon Keyhole The Tommyknockers Keyhole The Tommyknockers Keyhole The Tommyknockers Misery Misery Misery Talisman The Dark Half Talisman The Dark Half Talisman The Dark Half (with Peter Straub) Needful Things (with Peter Straub) Needful Things (with Peter Straub) Needful Things 1. The Talisman Dolores Claiborne 1. The Talisman Dolores Claiborne 1. The Talisman Dolores Claiborne 2. Black House Gerald's Game 2. Black House Gerald's Game 2. Black House Gerald's Game Insomnia Insomnia Insomnia The Green Mile Rose Madder The Green Mile Rose Madder The Green Mile Rose Madder 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Simultaneous Determination of Six Bioactive Components of Total
    Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia 28 (2018) 156–164 ww w.elsevier.com/locate/bjp Original Article Simultaneous determination of six bioactive components of total flavonoids of Scorzonera austriaca in rat tissues by LC-MS/MS: application to a tissue distribution study a,b a a a a Sixi Zhang , Yang Xie , Jing Wang , Yanmei Geng , Yu Zhou , a a,∗ Chengxin Sun , Guangshu Wang a School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China b Department of Pharmacy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, PR China a a b s t r a c t r t i c l e i n f o Article history: A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method was developed and validated for Received 1 September 2017 simultaneous determination of six bioactive constituents including vitexin, orientin, isoorientin, 2 -O- Accepted 5 January 2018 ␤ d - -xylopyranosyl isoorientin, 2 -O-␤-d-xylopyranosyl isovitexin, and 6-C-l-␣-arabipyranosyl vitexin Available online 21 February 2018 in rats’ various tissues using isoquercitrin as the internal standard. Biological samples were pretreated by protein precipitation with acetonitrile. Chromatographic separation was carried out on a C18 col- Keywords: umn with a gradient mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and 0.1% aqueous formic acid. All analytes Scorzonera austriaca and internal standard were quantitated through electrospray ionization in negative ion selected reaction LC-MS/MS monitoring mode. The mass transitions were as follows: m/z 431 → 311 for vitexin, m/z 447 → 327 for Rat plasma orientin or isoorientin, m/z 579 → 459 for 2 -O-␤-d-xylopyranosyl isoorientin, m/z 563 → 293 for 2 -O-␤- Tissue distribution d -xylopyranosyl isovitexin, m/z 563 → 353 for 6-C-l-␣-arabipyranosyl vitexin, and m/z 463 → 300 for the internal standard, respectively.
    [Show full text]
  • The Comprehensive Quality Evaluation of Scutellariae Radix Based on HPLC Fingerprint and Antibacterial Activity
    MATEC Web of Conferences 336, 06025 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202133606025 CSCNS2020 The comprehensive quality evaluation of scutellariae radix based on HPLC fingerprint and antibacterial activity Yan Gao1, Longfei Yang1, Xiaoyan Ding2, Bianli Wang2, Longhui Zu2, Yongmei Yu3, Lu Li4 1,* and Bonian Zhao 1Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China 2Shandong Academy of Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, China 3Shandong Institute for Food and Drug Control, Jinan 250101, China 4Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650504, China Abstract. Scutellaria Radix, a traditional Chinese medicine, studies on its main active ingredient are limited. In this study, the purpose was to investigate the quality difference of Scutellariae Radix from different origins based on chemical components and biological activities. The chromatographic fingerprints of Scutellariae Radix from 33 origins were established using HPLC, and the antibacterial activities were studied with the microdilution method. Moreover, orthogonal partial least-square regression, pearson correlational analysis and grey relational analysis methods were performed to explore the relationship between the compositions and bioactivities. In addition, and origin identification model was established to comprehensively evaluate the quality of Scutellariae Radix. The results showed that Scutellariae Radix had in-vitro antibacterial effect on Staphylococcus aureus, and the best were in Gansu, Shandong Province. Multivariate statistical analysis common
    [Show full text]
  • Discovery of Anti-2019-Ncov Agents from 38 Chinese Patent Drugs
    Preprints (www.preprints.org) | NOT PEER-REVIEWED | Posted: 23 February 2020 doi:10.20944/preprints202002.0254.v2 Discovery of anti-2019-nCoV agents from 38 Chinese patent drugs toward respiratory diseases via docking screening Yong-Ming Yan1,†, Xin Shen2,†, Yong-Kai Cao1, Jiao-Jiao Zhang1, Yan Wang2,*, Yong-Xian Cheng1,* 1 School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518060, P.R. China 2 Center for Translation Medicine Research and Development, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, P.R. China * To whom correspondence should be addressed: Tel: 86755-2690 2073; E-mail: [email protected] (Y.-X. C.); 86755-2641 7985; E-mail: [email protected] (Y. W.) † These authors contributed equally to this paper. Running Title: Natural agents against 2019-nCoV by docking screening Keywords: 2019-nCoV, novel coronavirus pneumonia, docking, ACE2, viral main protease © 2020 by the author(s). Distributed under a Creative Commons CC BY license. Preprints (www.preprints.org) | NOT PEER-REVIEWED | Posted: 23 February 2020 doi:10.20944/preprints202002.0254.v2 Abstract The 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) causes novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP). Given that approved drug repurposing becomes a common strategy to quickly find antiviral treatments, a collection of FDA-approved drugs can be powerful resources for new anti-NCP indication discoveries. In addition to synthetic compounds, Chinese Patent Drugs (CPD), also play a key role in the treatment of virus related infections diseases in China. Here we compiled major components from 38 CPDs that are commonly used in the respiratory diseases and docked them against two drug targets, ACE2 receptor and viral main protease.
    [Show full text]
  • Stephen King's Vampire Kingdom. Supernatural EVIL and Human Evil
    Stephen King’s Vampire Kingdom. Supernatural EVIL and Human evil in TV adaptations of Salem’s Lot (1979, 2004) ‘Beneath the postcard camouflage there’s little good in small towns. Mostly boredom, interspersed with a dull, mindless, moronic evil’ (Salem’s Lot, 2004) First published in October 1975, Salem’s Lot is one of Stephen King’s most enduring novels. King critic Douglas Winter considers it ‘the single most influential of his books’ (1989:43), while screenwriter Peter Filardi, who would adapt it for TV in 2004, has described it as ‘a modern literary classic’ (Gross 2004: 10). Not only did the novel achieve longevity in its own right, but also the story of a small American community torn asunder by the arrival of a supernatural force became something of an archetypal Stephen King narrative to which he would return many times during his career. In Salem’s Lot the catalyst is the arrival of Kurt Barlow, an ancient European vampire, but in later works King has had the destructive force be extra-terrestrial (IT, 1985, The Tommyknockers, 1987 and Under the Dome, 2009), demonic (Needful Things, 1991), cosmic forces of fate (Insomnia, 1994) and inter-dimensional (‘The Mist’ 1980) Possibly because its structure became a King archetype, or due to its enduring appeal and the fact that it is one of King’s earliest works, Salem’s Lot is unusual in the canon of King adaptations by being adapted twice, once in 1979 and once in 2004. Both were miniseries for television, the first directed by Tobe Hooper and the second by Mikael Salomon.
    [Show full text]