Student Book Questions, P. 26 B) Why Are Thematic Maps Useful? ANSWER: They Are Useful Because They Tend to Be Easy to Read and Understand
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Student Book Questions, p. 26 b) Why are thematic maps useful? ANSWER: They are useful because they tend to be easy to read and understand. This occurs because each thematic map shows information on one particular topic. CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING c) Find three examples of thematic maps in this book. Give the page reference and the theme of 1. Why is a globe the only accurate way to represent the each map. earth? ANSWER: The following are a few examples: time ANSWER: (p. 18) No method has been discovered (or is zones, p. 39, population density by ecozones, p. 52, likely to be discovered) that allows the earth's surface to and air masses and ocean currents, p. 131. be shown accurately in a map. By choosing a particular projection, we can only choose a particular type of 8. a) What is the purpose of topographic maps? ANSWER: distortion, not whether there will be distortion. (p. 23)Topographic maps are large-scale maps that show the natural and human features of a small area 2. a) Why do all maps have distortions? in detail. ANSWER: (p. 19) Distortions occur as information is transferred from the curved surface of the earth to b) List the symbols used for showing elevation on the flat surface of a map. topographic maps. ANSWER: (p. 24) Elevation is shown by: contour lines, b) What kinds of distortions do maps have? horizontal control points, bench marks, and spot ANSWER: Distortions fall into two general categories: elevations. directions can be made inaccurate or scale can be misrepresented so that distances and the size of objects is inaccurate. ANALYZE AND APPLY 3. Using the Mercator projection as an example, de-scribe 9. a) List the essential features of a map. what can happen when a map projection is used for a ANSWER: (p. 21) A map should include the following purpose for which it is not designed. ANSWER: (p. 20) components: a title, legend, scale, date of publication, The Mercator projection is excellent for navigational direction, and borders. You might want to discuss with purposes since it shows true compass bearings. For many your students why each of these is an important and decades though, Mercator maps were used as general useful feature. purpose maps, e.g., as classroom wall maps. This massive exaggeration caused generations of students to grow up b) Draw a sketch map of your classroom. Make sure with a distorted mental image of the sizes of the world's that all of the features listed above are included on countries. your map. ANSWER: Students are likely to instinctively include 4. What is the advantage of an equal-area projection? features like a title and legend but are less likely to in- ANSWER: (p. 21) Equal-area maps give an accurate repre- clude a scale and direction indication. sentation of the sizes of countries and continents. On the other hand, they should not be used to show the directional 10. Construct a chart, similar to Fig. 2-10, to compare relationship between places. large-scale and small-scale maps. ANSWER: 5. a) What is a map? Use your own words. Large-scale Maps Small-scale Maps ANSWER: Answers will vary. They should include the Definition Maps which show a following concepts: maps are a flat surface represen- Maps which show a small amount of tation of a part (or all) of the earth's surface; maps use large amount of detail detail symbols (including colours) to show features; maps of a small area of a large area show only selected items from the earth's surface. Typical Scales 1:50 000 or less 1:100 000 or b) Why are maps useful tools? greater ANSWER: Students will identify many reasons why Purpose Residential planning, Showing political, maps are useful. In general, these will all relate to the recreational activities, physical, and idea that no other tool is as useful for showing spatial military purposes economic data. information 11. a) What features are found on general-purpose c) How do maps help focus the reader's attention on maps? just a few specific things? ANSWER: Students are likely to identify the features ANSWER: They help do this by containing a limited given on p. 23, i.e., bodies of water, parks, roads, ele- number of elements. vations, railway lines, towns and cities. They might 6. What are general-purpose maps used for? mention additional features. ANSWER: (p. 23) General-purpose maps show a wide va- b) Examine the road map in Fig. 3-2, p. 28. Which fea- riety of information and are designed to provide a broad tures from your answer to 11a are shown on the understanding of an area. They are used for everyday pur- road map? poses like finding the location of a store on a city map or ANSWER: All of the features mentioned in question 11a planning a canoe trip in a large provincial park. are found on this road map, except for indications of 7. a) What is the purpose of thematic maps? elevation. Only those rail lines offering passenger ANSWER: (p. 23) Thematic maps are used to portray service are shown. Other features that students might very specific information. Examples would include a mention may, or may not, be shown. map designed to show the location of every secondary school in your school board or the routes of the school buses that service a rural school. c) Describe how the features are shown on the road map. English as a Second Language Activity, TSP ANSWER: bodies of water: blue shading (lakes) and blackline master p. 50 blue lines (rivers); parks: green shading; roads: red A. 1. not as large; as; 2. not as large; as; 3. as and grey lines of various widths to show roads of dif- large; as; 4. as large; as; 5. not as large; as, ferent importance; railway lines: gray lines with ties; B. 1. small; large; 2. large-scale; small-scale towns and cities: black dots and yellow squares of dif- ferent sizes (along with print of different styles) to in- dicate urban places of different sizes. CHAPTER RESOURCE LIST 12. Refer to Fig. 2-9. a) i. What is the scale of the map? ANSWER: 1:50 000 Topographic maps of this area are Books and Booklets also available at scales of 1 2 5 000 and 1:250 000. Exploring Your World: IheAdventure of Geography. Washington, ii. What is the straight-line distance, in kilometres, between the intersection in Loree and the arena in DC: National Geographic Society, 1989. Thornbury? Kemball, Walter. Geographic Essentials. Toronto: Oxford ANSWER: 8 km (16.0 cm on the map x 0.5 km/cm). Chapter 4 deals with map scale in more detail. University Press, 1986. iii. What is the shortest distance, in kilometres, by Kemball,Walter. Geographic Understandings.Toronto: Oxford road between the intersection in Loree and the University Press, 1990. main, four-way intersection in Clarksburg? ANSWER: The shortest distance is 10.4 km (20.7 cm on the map x 0.5 km/cm) This route includes a right Articles turn at Victoria Corners and a left turn at D on the "Antique Map Comes to Light." Canadian Geographic, map. Jan/Feb 1993: p. 10. b) In which direction does Indian Brook flow? How did you determine this? Darragh, Ian. "New Mapmaking Technology: Desktop ANSWER: Indian Brook flows northward. Students Computers." Canadian Geographic, Nov/Dec 1993: p. 6. may identify the following ways to determine this: • contour lines get lower as the river proceeds Harris, Eric. "The Map Makers:' Canadian Geographic, Dec northward 1989/Jan 1990: p. 90. • contour lines "V" southward, pointing upstream Mason,Adrienne."Mapping Home" Canadian Geographic, • tributaries generally join the main stream at an acute angle, therefore pointing downstream Sept/Oct 1998: p. 58. • If Indian Brook flowed southward it would mean Murray, Jeffrey S. "Maps that Deceive" Canadian Geographic, that the Georgian Bay would have to drain down May/June 1992: p. 82. this tiny river Murray, Jeffrey S. "The County Map Hustlers." Canadian c) What features are found at the following letters? ANSWER: A: marshy area; B. forested area; C. or- Geographic, Dec 1990/Jan 1991: p. 76. chard; D . sewage pond; E: marina; F. bench mark d) Calculate the difference in elevation between the Videocassettes top and bottom of the ski run for the following lo- Map Symbols. Toronto: TVOntario. Videocassette. BPN cations: 445601. Available from TVOntario, Order Service i. the ski run between G and H ANSWER. G is Department, 2180Yonge Street, PO Box 200, Station 400 ,m and H is 250 m; therefore the difference is 150 m. Q, Toronto, ON, M4T 2T1.Tel.: 1-800-INFO-TVO Fax: ii. the ski run between I and J ANSWER_ (416) 484-4425 I is 400 m and J is 250 m, therefore the difference Mapping the Land.Toronto:TVOntario.Videocassette. BPN is also 150 m. 175102. e) Which ski run would be more challenging? Why? Theme Maps. Toronto: TVOntario. Videocassette. BPN ANSWER: GH is likely to be more challenging since it is steeper; the 150 m fall occurs over a shorter hori- 227308. zontal distance. 70 Make a Map... Montreal: National Film Board. Videocassette #106C 0177 521. Available from the National Film Board of Canada, Sales & Customer Services, D-10, P.O. Box 6100, Station Centre-Ville, Montreal, QC, H3C 3H5.Tel.: 1-800-267-7710 Fax: (514) 283-7564 To Show the Way. Montreal: National Film Board. Videocassette. #115C 0188 101 ii. Killarney (013) and the intersection where Student Book Activity, p. 30 Highway 637 meets Highway 69 (N14) Use Fig.