Student Book Questions, P. 26 B) Why Are Thematic Maps Useful? ANSWER: They Are Useful Because They Tend to Be Easy to Read and Understand

Student Book Questions, p. 26 b) Why are thematic maps useful? ANSWER: They are useful because they tend to be easy to read and understand. This occurs because each thematic map shows information on one particular topic. CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING c) Find three examples of thematic maps in this book. Give the page reference and the theme of 1. Why is a globe the only accurate way to represent the each map. earth? ANSWER: The following are a few examples: time ANSWER: (p. 18) No method has been discovered (or is zones, p. 39, population density by ecozones, p. 52, likely to be discovered) that allows the earth's surface to and air masses and ocean currents, p. 131. be shown accurately in a map. By choosing a particular projection, we can only choose a particular type of 8. a) What is the purpose of topographic maps? ANSWER: distortion, not whether there will be distortion. (p. 23)Topographic maps are large-scale maps that show the natural and human features of a small area 2. a) Why do all maps have distortions? in detail. ANSWER: (p. 19) Distortions occur as information is transferred from the curved surface of the earth to b) List the symbols used for showing elevation on the flat surface of a map. topographic maps. ANSWER: (p. 24) Elevation is shown by: contour lines, b) What kinds of distortions do maps have? horizontal control points, bench marks, and spot ANSWER: Distortions fall into two general categories: elevations. directions can be made inaccurate or scale can be misrepresented so that distances and the size of objects is inaccurate. ANALYZE AND APPLY 3. Using the Mercator projection as an example, de-scribe 9. a) List the essential features of a map. what can happen when a map projection is used for a ANSWER: (p. 21) A map should include the following purpose for which it is not designed. ANSWER: (p. 20) components: a title, legend, scale, date of publication, The Mercator projection is excellent for navigational direction, and borders. You might want to discuss with purposes since it shows true compass bearings. For many your students why each of these is an important and decades though, Mercator maps were used as general useful feature. purpose maps, e.g., as classroom wall maps. This massive exaggeration caused generations of students to grow up b) Draw a sketch map of your classroom. Make sure with a distorted mental image of the sizes of the world's that all of the features listed above are included on countries. your map. ANSWER: Students are likely to instinctively include 4. What is the advantage of an equal-area projection? features like a title and legend but are less likely to in- ANSWER: (p. 21) Equal-area maps give an accurate repre- clude a scale and direction indication. sentation of the sizes of countries and continents. On the other hand, they should not be used to show the directional 10. Construct a chart, similar to Fig. 2-10, to compare relationship between places. large-scale and small-scale maps. ANSWER:

5. a) What is a map? Use your own words. Large-scale Maps Small-scale Maps ANSWER: Answers will vary. They should include the Definition Maps which show a following concepts: maps are a flat surface represen- Maps which show a small amount of tation of a part (or all) of the earth's surface; maps use large amount of detail detail symbols (including colours) to show features; maps of a small area of a large area show only selected items from the earth's surface. Typical Scales 1:50 000 or less 1:100 000 or b) Why are maps useful tools? greater ANSWER: Students will identify many reasons why Purpose Residential planning, Showing political, maps are useful. In general, these will all relate to the recreational activities, physical, and idea that no other tool is as useful for showing spatial military purposes economic data. information 11. a) What features are found on general-purpose c) How do maps help focus the reader's attention on maps? just a few specific things? ANSWER: Students are likely to identify the features ANSWER: They help do this by containing a limited given on p. 23, i.e., bodies of water, parks, roads, ele- number of elements. vations, railway lines, towns and cities. They might 6. What are general-purpose maps used for? mention additional features. ANSWER: (p. 23) General-purpose maps show a wide va- b) Examine the road map in Fig. 3-2, p. 28. Which fea- riety of information and are designed to provide a broad tures from your answer to 11a are shown on the understanding of an area. They are used for everyday pur- road map? poses like finding the location of a store on a city map or ANSWER: All of the features mentioned in question 11a planning a canoe trip in a large provincial park. are found on this road map, except for indications of 7. a) What is the purpose of thematic maps? elevation. Only those rail lines offering passenger ANSWER: (p. 23) Thematic maps are used to portray service are shown. Other features that students might very specific information. Examples would include a mention may, or may not, be shown. map designed to show the location of every secondary school in your school board or the routes of the school buses that service a rural school. c) Describe how the features are shown on the road map. English as a Second Language Activity, TSP ANSWER: bodies of water: blue shading (lakes) and blackline master p. 50 blue lines (rivers); parks: green shading; roads: red A. 1. not as large; as; 2. not as large; as; 3. as and grey lines of various widths to show roads of dif- large; as; 4. as large; as; 5. not as large; as, ferent importance; railway lines: gray lines with ties; B. 1. small; large; 2. large-scale; small-scale towns and cities: black dots and yellow squares of different sizes (along with print of different styles) to indicate urban places of different sizes. CHAPTER RESOURCE LIST 12. Refer to Fig. 2-9. a) i. What is the scale of the map? ANSWER: 1:50 000 Topographic maps of this area are Books and Booklets also available at scales of 1 2 5 000 and 1:250 000. Exploring Your World: IheAdventure of Geography. Washington, ii. What is the straight-line distance, in kilometres, between the intersection in Loree and the arena in DC: National Geographic Society, 1989. Thornbury? Kemball, Walter. Geographic Essentials. Toronto: Oxford ANSWER: 8 km (16.0 cm on the map x 0.5 km/cm). Chapter 4 deals with map scale in more detail. University Press, 1986. iii. What is the shortest distance, in kilometres, by Kemball,Walter. Geographic Understandings.Toronto: Oxford road between the intersection in Loree and the University Press, 1990. main, four-way intersection in Clarksburg? ANSWER: The shortest distance is 10.4 km (20.7 cm on the map x 0.5 km/cm) This route includes a right Articles turn at Victoria Corners and a left turn at D on the "Antique Map Comes to Light." Canadian Geographic, map. Jan/Feb 1993: p. 10. b) In which direction does Indian Brook flow? How did you determine this? Darragh, Ian. "New Mapmaking Technology: Desktop ANSWER: Indian Brook flows northward. Students Computers." Canadian Geographic, Nov/Dec 1993: p. 6. may identify the following ways to determine this: • contour lines get lower as the river proceeds Harris, Eric. "The Map Makers:' Canadian Geographic, Dec northward 1989/Jan 1990: p. 90. • contour lines "V" southward, pointing upstream Mason,Adrienne."Mapping Home" Canadian Geographic, • tributaries generally join the main stream at an acute angle, therefore pointing downstream Sept/Oct 1998: p. 58. • If Indian Brook flowed southward it would mean Murray, Jeffrey S. "Maps that Deceive" Canadian Geographic, that the Georgian Bay would have to drain down May/June 1992: p. 82. this tiny river Murray, Jeffrey S. "The County Map Hustlers." Canadian c) What features are found at the following letters? ANSWER: A: marshy area; B. forested area; C. or- Geographic, Dec 1990/Jan 1991: p. 76. chard; D . sewage pond; E: marina; F. bench mark d) Calculate the difference in elevation between the Videocassettes top and bottom of the ski run for the following lo- Map Symbols. Toronto: TVOntario. Videocassette. BPN cations: 445601. Available from TVOntario, Order Service i. the ski run between G and H ANSWER. G is Department, 2180Yonge Street, PO Box 200, Station 400 ,m and H is 250 m; therefore the difference is 150 m. Q, Toronto, ON, M4T 2T1.Tel.: 1-800-INFO-TVO Fax: ii. the ski run between I and J ANSWER_ (416) 484-4425 I is 400 m and J is 250 m, therefore the difference Mapping the Land.Toronto:TVOntario.Videocassette. BPN is also 150 m. 175102. e) Which ski run would be more challenging? Why? Theme Maps. Toronto: TVOntario. Videocassette. BPN ANSWER: GH is likely to be more challenging since it is steeper; the 150 m fall occurs over a shorter hori- 227308. zontal distance. 70 Make a Map... Montreal: National Film Board. Videocassette #106C 0177 521. Available from the National Film Board of Canada, Sales & Customer Services, D-10, P.O. Box 6100, Station Centre-Ville, Montreal, QC, H3C 3H5.Tel.: 1-800-267-7710 Fax: (514) 283-7564 To Show the Way. Montreal: National Film Board. Videocassette. #115C 0188 101 ii. Killarney (013) and the intersection where Student Book Activity, p. 30 Highway 637 meets Highway 69 (N14) Use Fig. 3-2 to answer the following questions. ANSWER: 67 km 1. The community of Gogama in square L13 has two iii. Matachewan (L14) and Dymond (L15) following symbols beside its name. What do these symbols rep- Highway 65 ANSWER 105 km (5 + 33 + 38 + 29) resent? 9. There has been an accident inTemagami (M15) and ANSWER: The OPP symbol represents an Ontario the injured parties need the services of a hospital. Provincial Police detachment and the cross symbol repre- What is the name of the nearest community with a sents a first aid/nursing station. hospital? 2. In which square do you find the intersection of ANSWER: The choices are New Liskeard to the north, Highway 17 and Highway 144? ANSWER: N13 North Bay to the southeast, and Sturgeon Falls to the south Since Temagami does not have a distance star, we 3. Which lake would you see to the south when driving estimate its location as approximately halfway between the Voyageur Route between North Bay and Sturgeon Marten River and Latchford - 36 km. New Liskeard is ap- Falls (N15)? proximately 60 km away (36 + 8 + 10 + 6). North Bay is ANSWER: Lake Nipissing approximately 94 km away (36 + 58). Sturgeon Falls is ap- 4. a) Name the town in square M15 that is named after a proximately 96 km away (36 + 35 + 22). mineral. 10. Several minerals are mined in the Sudbury region of ANSWER: Cobalt Ontario (N14). Determine two of the minerals by ex- b) When measured from Sudbury, what is the closest amining the map. compass direction and bearing of this town? ANSWER: Nickel Centre and Copper Cliff ANSWER. North East (approximately 42 degrees)

5. a) Which is larger, Britt (014) or Sundridge (015)? ANSWER: Sundridge Student Book Activity, p. 31 b) How can you tell? 1. In your notebook, list the four-digit grid reference of ANSWER: The square symbol for Sundridge indicates each of the shaded squares in Fig. 3-3. a larger community than the round symbol for Britt; ANSWER: #1. 8108; # 2: 8206; # 3: 8309; # 4: 8305; # 5: the size of the print is larger for Sundridge. 8407; # 6: 8505

6. Name each of the highways with the Trans-Canada symbol and list the grid location of each symbol. ANSWER: Highway 11: M15 and N15; Highway 17: N13 Student Book Activity, p. 31 and N16; Highway 69 N14 1. In your notebook, use a six-digit grid reference to 7. Name each of the communities with an airport, give identify the location of B, C, D, and E in Fig. 3-4. the grid location of each community, and indicate the ANSWER: B (school): 813062 or 813063; C (bridge): type of airport. 817067 or 817068; D (point): 810067; E (point): 820060 ANSWER: Sheguiandah, 013, local airport; Killarney, 013, local airport; Sundridge, 015, local airport; Sudbury, N14, major airport; North Bay, N15, major airport, Earlton, L15, Student Book Activity, pp. 33-34 secondary airport 1. In your notebook, use Fig. 3-5 to identify the missing 8. a) How is the distance between two points on a road elements in the following essay. shown on the Ontario road map? ANSWER: Your family has decided to visit the area that ANSWER: Distance is indicated by a red number your ancestors settled when they first came to Canada. beside the road joining two points identified by red Your topographic map shows the highway you are on in stars square 8316. It is Highway 401, which is also known as the Macdonald Cartier Freeway You exit at interchange b) Calculate the distance in kilometres between: 312 and drive northwest to your motel on the left side of i. Marten River (N15) and Latchford (M15) the highway. The motel is located at 815159. You decide ANSWER: 72 km to go for lunch in the town of Campbellville, which is located mainly in square 8215. You are now ready to explore the region and to do a little research about your ANSWER: 818158 ancestors. Your first stop is located at 867113, which is a Use the centre of the interchange as the reference cemetery. You then persuade your parents to take you on point. a hike at a local conservation area, Rattlesnake Point, which is located to the North of your present location. On v. What is the elevation of the road at 882058? the way there, you pass by a gravel pit located at ANSWER: 239.0 m 872125. You follow the road that takes you to a reservoir at 3. In your notebook, describe the travels and activities 878131(2). Through the name reservoir is a dark brown of your family on your second day visiting this area. contour line The elevation of this contour line is 250 me- Use the military grid system to help you explain tres. You make your way up the escarpment (the Niagara where you went and what you saw. Escarpment) which is known here as Milton Heights. The ANSWER: Encourage your students to be creative in writ- name of the conservation area you have entered is ing their stories and to use a large number of military grid Rattlesnake Point Conservation Area. When you reach references. You could photocopy the good stories and the top of Rattlesnake Point, there is another dark brown have the rest of the class complete them as exercises. contour line. Your elevation is 300 metres if you are standing at a point along this line looking at the spectacu- lar view. The escarpment is 50 metres in height. Just north of the campground area is a communication tower. Student Book Activity, pp. 35-36 It is located at 879138 and is 34 metres in height. You will now "take a trip" around Canada to develop 2. On the way back to the motel, you challenge your your skills in using latitude and longitude and in family to a race to see who can find five features lo- using the gazetteer in an atlas. You will also learn cated on the map in the least amount of time. some Canadian trivia. Challenge a classmate to this race using the ques- 1. Before you begin, check the first page of the tions listed below. Each of you should take a different gazetteer in your atlas to see what information it challenge to see who answers everything correctly contains and how to read the information found in first. each entry.

Your challenge: 2. Divide into groups of two so that you can have a friendly rivalry with your partner. See who can pro- i.What is the human-made feature located at vide all of the missing words below correctly in your 842098? notebooks in the least amount of time. ANSWER: auto wrecker ANSWER: Your trip begins at the base of the Peace Tower ii. What is the six-digit grid reference of the pro- located in the Parliament Buildings in the city of Ottawa cessing plant in the quarry in the southeastern (45.5°N 75.5°W). From here you head west to Canada' s corner? nickel capital, Sudbury (46.5°N 81°W). You continue to ANSWER: 899066 or 900066 travel west to the railway hub of the west, Winnipeg (50°N Your students may need help with this question be- 97°W). Following the Trans-Canada Highway, you arri ve in cause the boundary of this large quarry is difficult to a city whose name means queen in Latin, Regina (50.5°N see. In addition, the dot showing the location of the 104.5°W). Your next stop is in the city famous for its plant is found just at the edge of the book's seam. western fair, called The Calgary Stampede (51°N 114°W). With the hope of seeing the famous Ogo Pogo monster in iii. What is the natural feature located at 812110? Lake Okanagan, you spend a few days in the community ANSWER: marsh of Kelowna (49.5°N 119.5°W). You continue to follow theTrans-Canada Highway to Vancouver, located at 49°N iv. What is the six-digit grid reference of the middle 123°W . You take the ferry to Vancouver Island to see the of Crawford Lake? It is located approximately 3 km place where the annual bathtub race starts at Nanaimo southeast of Campbellville. (49°N 124°W). ANSWER: 850134 or 851134 Your trip continues northward to Dawson, located in the v. What is the elevation of the road at 876168? Yukon at 64°N 139.5°W. Thousands of people came to this ANSWER: 301.6 m town in 1898 searching for gold. Another town famous for its gold mines is Yellowknife, located on Great Slave Lake Your classmate's challenge: at 62.5°N 114.5°W. Your next stop is known as the polar i.What is the human-made feature located at bear capital of Canada. At certain times of the year, polar 869061? bears are a tourist attraction. This city, Churchill, located ANSWER: cemetery at 58.5°N 94°W, is named after a famous British pri me minister. You find that you really have a craving for some ii. What is the six-digit reference of the community seafood from Atlantic Canada. You fly over Quebec to the centre in Carlisle in the southwestern corner of the most easterly provincial capital of St. John's, located at map? 47.5°N 52.5°W for a serving of cod tongues. These a re a ANSWER: 825054 rare delicacy since the cod fishery collapsed in the 1990s. After a quick flight to Halifax, located at 44.5°N 63.5°W, iii. What is the natural feature located at 822086? you find a restaurant that serves freshly cooked lobster ANSWER: wooded area with fresh bread and butter. Heading westward, you visit iv. What is the six-digit grid reference of inter- the largest island in the Bay of Fundy, Grand Manan change 312 on Highway 401? Island, New Brunswick, located at 44.5°N 66.5°W. It is famous for its edible seaweed, called Dulse. Before leaving New Brunswick you visit the Reversing Falls in Saint John at 45.5°N 66°W. The centre

56 Chapter 3: Locating Places on a Map Answers/Resource List of French Canada is Quebec City, located at 47°N 71 °W. 7. Use the information in Fig. 3-11 to determine the di- Its old town has been declared a World Heritage Site by rection of each of the numbered arrows. ANSWER: the United Nations. Your last stop is a visit to Canada's 1. N; 2. NW; 3. NE; 4. E; 5. S Museum of Civilization, located in Hull across the river from Ottawa at 45.5°N 76°W. 8. Using a Mercator projection in an atlas and a protrac- tor, calculate the bearing of each of the following locations from Edmonton: ANSWER: Since it is very difficult to obtain exact mea- Student Book Questions, pp. 40-42 surements, use the following answers as approximations to judge the accuracy of your students work

CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING a) Prince Albert ANSWER: 90° How many compass points are shown in Fig. 3 -1? ANSWER: (p. 27) 16 b) Medicine Hat ANSWER: 150° 1. What direction is halfway between each of the follow- c) Kelowna ANSWER. 225° ing directions? d) Peace River ANSWER: 320°

a) NE and SW ANSWER: (p. 27) SE 9. Using an atlas, draw and label the following major lines of latitude and longitude on the world map pro- b) NE and S ANSWER: (p. 27) ESE vided by your teacher:

c) WSW and NNW ANSWER: (p. 27) WNW a) Latitude: equator, tropic of Cancer, tropic of Capricorn, Arctic Circle, Antarctic Circle 3. What direction is opposite each of the following directions? b) Longitude: prime meridian, 180° meridian, International Date Line a) SW ANSWER: (p. 27) NE ANSWER: A base map of the world may be found on TSP blackline master p. D5. Refer to the inside back b) NNE ANSWER: (p. 27) SSW cover of the Student Book, as well as an atlas, for the correct answers. c) ESE ANSWER: (p. 27) WNW 10. a) From your atlas, determine the name of the major cities at the following locations: ANALYZE AND APPLY i. 47°N 52°W ANSWER: St. John's, Newfoundland ii 4. Examine Fig. 3-7 and explain how GPS technology works. 39°N 116°E ANSWER: Beijing, China ANSWER: (pp. 36-37) GPS units pick up radio signals iii. 23°S 43°W ANSWER: Rio de Janeiro, Brazil from orbiting GPS satellites. Each signal contains the exact time it was sent. The GPS unit uses this time to cal- iv. 6°S 106°E ANSWER Jakarta, Indonesia culate its distance from the satellites and to determine its latitude and longitude. A GPS unit needs signals from at b) Label each of these places on your world map. least three satellites to determine its location. ANSWER: Students should place a dot at the correct The master GPS control facility is located at Schriever location, the latitude and longitude coordinates, and Air Force Base in Colorado. The GPS system is financed the name of each city on the map. Refer to an atlas and controlled by the U.S. Department of Defense for use for the correct location of the cities. by the U.S. military and other approved agencies (using 11. a) Use your atlas to determine the location of the fol- the encrypted Precise Positioning Service) as well as by lowing capital cities: the general public (using the Standard Positioning System). The precise position system has a horizontal accuracy i. Ottawa, Canada ANSWER: 45°N 75°W of 22 metres while the standard positioning system has a horizontal accuracy of 100 metres. Twenty-four satellites ii. Cairo, Egypt ANSWER: orbit the earth in six orbital planes (four in each), equally 30°N 31°E spaced, 60 degrees apart. Actually, there are often more than 24 operational satellites since new ones are iii. Santiago, Chile ANSWER: 33°S 70°W launched to replace those that are older. iv. Wellington, New Zealand ANSWER: 41°S 5. Give the compass bearing for the following directions (compass points): 175°E

a) N ANSWER: (p. 27) 0° and 360° v. Kampala, Uganda ANSWER 0° 32°E b) SSE ANSWER: (p. 27) 1575° b) In which hemisphere is each capital located? ANSWER: The hemisphere is easily determined from the c) NNE ANSWER: (p. 27) 22.5° answers in part a: I. NW hemisphere; ii. NE hemisphere; iii. SW hemisphere; iv. SE hemisphere; v. S hemisphere. 6. What is the direction of the following bearings? 12. What is the straight-line distance in kilometres be- a) 22.5° ANSWER: (p. 27) NNE tween each pair of cities? Each pair is located on the same line of longitude. b) 112.5° ANSWER. (p. 27) ESE ANSWER: (p. 34) Before students answer this question, c) 292.5° ANSWER: (p. 27) WNW they need to review the information in Fig 3-6 to realize that lines of latitude are approximately 111 km apart.

Chapter 3: Locating Places on a Map Answers/Resource Li st 57 a) 20°N and 5°N meridian. Therefore, UT is 7 p.m. the night before (8 ANSWER: The cities are 15° of latitude apart (20°N - hours before your local time of 3 a.m.). 5°N), so the distance between them is 1665 km (15 x 111 km). 17. You are on a ship that has two chronometers. One gives UT as 3 p.m. and the other gives your local time b) 25°N and I TS as 9 a.m. If your latitude has been calculated at 62°N, ANSWER The cities are 42° of latitude apart (25°N - 17°S), so the distance between them is 4662 km (42 x a) what is your longitude? 111 km) ANSWER: (pp. 39-40) Your location is west of the prime meridian since your local time is six hours 13. Refer to the map of time zones in Canada and the behind UT. Your longitude is 90°W (6 x 150). United States (Fig. 3-10). b) Consult an atlas to determine in what body of a) If the Vancouver Canucks are playing water are you located. theToronto Maple Leafs in Toronto at 8 p.m., ANSWER:Your location of 62°N 90°W is in Hudson what time will the game be seen in Vancouver? Bay. ANSWER: 5 p.m. (Vancouver time is three hours behind Toronto time.) 18. Copy Fig. 3-12 into your notebooks and complete the flight information chart.The first calculation has been b) If it is 10 a.m. in Newfoundland and you want to done for you. call your uncle and aunt in Winnipeg, what time In the first printing of the Student Book, the Arrival Local will it be for them? Time for the trip from Quebec City to San Francisco is in- ANSWER: 730 a.m. (Winnipeg time is 2.5 hours be- correctly listed as 9:40 p.m. The correct time is 3:40 p.m hind St. John's time.) as shown in later printings. c) The Montreal Canadiens are playing in Los ANSWER: Angeles at 8 p.m. At what time will a person in Montreal be watching the start of the game on Flight Departure Flight Arrival Time Time Arrival television? Time Duration Before Time Zone Local Difference ANSWER: 11 p.m. (Montreal time is three hours Zone Time ahead of Los Angeles time.) Consideration

14. A stockbroker in Toronto must telephone other stock- Toronto 10 am 4h 2 p.m. -2h 12 noon brokers around the world to discuss the price changes to of a particular stock. Each stockbroker is expecting Calgary the call from Toronto at 10 a.m. local time. Consult an atlas and Fig. 3-9 to determine what time the stock- Winnipeg 8 45 a m. 5h 1 45 p m +2h 3:45 p.m broker in Toronto will have to telephone the stockbro- to ker in the following cities: Moncton a) Frankfurt, Germany ANSWER: 4 a.m. (Toronto is six time zones behind Frankfurt) Quebec City 2:40 p.m. 4h 6:40 p m. -3h 3:40 p m to b) London, England ANSWER: 5 am. (Toronto is five San Francisco time zones behind London.) c) Vancouver, Canada ANSWER: 1 p.m (Toronto is Victoria 12 p.m. 4h 20m 4'.20 p.m +2h 620 p.m. three time zones ahead of Vancouver) to Regina d) Los Angeles, U.S.A. ANSWER: 1 p.m. (Toronto is three time zones ahead of Los Angeles.) Edmonton 7 am 10h 30m 5.30 p m. +3 5h 9 p.m. e) Hong Kong, China ANSWER: 9 p.m. the night to before (Toronto is 13 hours behind Hong Kong.) St. John's 15. If your local time is 11 a.m. and the time at the prime meridian is 5:30 p.m., what is your longitude? ANSWER: (p. 38)Your location is west of the prime English as a Second Language Activity, TSP meridian since your local time is 6.5 hours behind UT (the blackline master p. 60 time at the prime meridian). Because each hour repre- A. from; at; to; to; to; past; by; on; at; on; into; to; sents one time zone 15° wide, your longitude is 975 °W along; to; by; of; into; at; in (6.5 x 15°). B. 1. at; in; at; through; 2. on; in; in; until; in 16. Your local time is 3 a.m. and your longitude is 120°E. What time is it at the prime meridian? ANSWER: (p. 38) Since your longitude is 120°E, you are 8 zones (120° = 15) ahead of UT, the time at the prim e CHAPTER RESOURCE LIST

58 Chapter 3 Locating Places on a Map Answers/Resource Li st Books and Booklets Blair, C.L. et al. The Canadian Landscape. 3rd ed.Toronto: Copp Clark Pitman Ltd., 1990. Exploring Your World. Washington, DC: National Geographic Society, 1995. 4

Student Book Questions, pp. 47-48 (5.1 x 12). The distance between Fo and Fum is 3.2 cm on the map. The actual distance between these two places is 38.4 km (3.2x12).

6. Here is a list of distances between Canadian cities: 1. a) What does 1 cm to 0.5 km mean? a Calgary to Edmonton: 299 km ANSWER: (p 43) One centimetre on the map repre- ) ANSWER: line length = 2.99 cm sents 0.5 km on the earth's surface

b Fredericton to Montreal: 834 km b) Use this scale to recalculate the distance in both ) ANSWER: line length = 8.34 cm kilometres and metres, between Here and There in Fig. 4-2. c) Regina to Winnipeg: 571 km ANSWER. 1 cm = 0.5 km ANSWER: line length = 5.71 cm Draw straight lines in your notebook to show how ANALYZE AND APPLY each distance would appear on a map. Use a scale of 1 cm to 100 km. (3 x1) cm = (3x05)km 3 c m = 1 . 5 k m 7. a) In an atlas, find a map of a part of Canada that has a Therefore the distance between Here and There is line scale. 1.5 km. Since there are 1000 metres in a kilometre, the distance between Here and There in metres is b) Use the line scale method to calculate the actual 1500 (1000 x 1.5). distance between two cities on that map. 2. The direct statement scale of a map is 1 cm to 35 km. c) Select another pair of cities and repeat the If the map distance between points A and B is 9 cm, activity. ANSWER. Answers will vary. There are what is the real distance? numerous examples of Canadian maps with line scales ANSWER: 1 cm = 35 km in atlases. Students may find larger scale maps easier (9 x 1) cm = (9 x 35) km to work with for this activity. 9 c m = 3 1 5 k m 8. In your own words what is an R.F. scale? The real distance between points A and B is 315 km. ANSWER: (p. 45) An R.F scale states that 1 cm on the 3. The direct statement scale of a map is 1 cm to 250 km. map represents a given number of the same units on the If two places are 17 cm apart on the map, what is the earth's surface. actual distance between them? 9. a) What does 1:250 000 mean? ANSWER: 1 cm = 250 km ANSWER: (p. 45) One centimetre on the map repre- (17 x 1) cm = (17 x 250) km sents 250 000 cm on the earth's surface. 17 cm = 4250 km The actual distance between the two places is 4250 km. b) What does 1:3 000 000 mean ANSWER: (p. 45) One centimetre on the map repre- 4. Using the scale of 1 cm to 30 km, calculate the road sents 3 000 000 cm on the earth's surface distances between towns X andY in Fig. 4-4. 10. Convert the following representative fractions to di- Brown line distance between X and Y rect statements. ANSWER: (2.5 + 1.3 + 1.9) = 5.7 cm 5.7 x 30 = 171 km a) 1:250 000 ANSWER: (p. 46) 1 cm = 250 000 Green line distance between X and Y 1 cm = (250 000 + 100 000) km ANSWER: (2.8 + 1.9 + 3.5 + 0.9) = 9.1 cm 1 cm = 2.5 km, or 1 cm to 2.5 km. 9.1 x 30 = 273 km b) 1:1 500 000 Blue line distance between X and Y ANSWER. (p. 46) 1 cm = (1 500 000 - 100 000) km 1 ANSWER:(3.8+ 1.6 + 1 9 + 0 . 9 + 1.6 + 6.3) = 16.1 cm cm = 15 km, or 1 cm to 15 km. 16.1 x 30 = 483 km c) 1:63 000 000 5. Refer to Fig. 4-5 to calculate the actual distance be- ANSWER: (p. 46) 1 cm = (63 000 000 _ 100 000) km tween Fee and Fie and between Fo and Fum. 1 cm = 630 km, or 1 cm to 630 km. ANSWER: Students should use a string to accurately measure these distances. The distance between Fee and Fie is 5.1 cm on the map. Since the scale is 1 cm to 12 km, the actual distance between Fee and Fie is 61.2 km

Chapter 4: Using Map Scales Answers/Resource List 65 11. Use an atlas to find the straight-line distance between the locations listed below. Use the direct statement scale found in the atlas. Answers will vary slightly depending on the atlas. a) Wiarton, Ontario (in the Bruce Peninsula) and Port Dover, Ontario (on Lake Erie) ANSWER: Approximately 230 km b) Gananoque, Ontario, (near Kingston on the St. Lawrence River) and Aylmer, Quebec (near Ottawa on the Ottawa River) ANSWER: Approximately 122 km c) Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario (between Lake Superior and Lake Huron) and Timmins, Ontario (northeast of Sault Ste. Marie) ANSWER: Approximately 315 km 12. Find the maps in your atlas that show the following pairs of cities. Measure the straight-line distances between the two cities. Use the R.F. scale shown on the map to calculate the distance in kilometres. Answers will vary slightly depending on the atlas. a) London, England and Rome, Italy (map of Europe) ANSWER: Approximately 1440 km b) Havana, Cuba and Miami, Florida (map of the Caribbean) ANSWER. Approximately 400 km c) Prince Rupert and Bella Coola, British Columbia (map of western Canada) ANSWER: Approximately 320 km d) Yarmouth, Nova Scotia and Bathurst, New Brunswick (map of eastern Canada) ANSWER Approximately 415 km 13. Convert the following direct statement scales to R.F. scales. a) 1 cm to 5 km ANSWER (p 46) 1 cm = 5 km 1 cm = (5 x 100 000) cm 1 cm = 500 000 cm 1:500 000 b) 1 cm to 25 km ANSWER (p. 46) 1 cm = 25 km 1 cm = (25 x 100 000) cm 1:2 500 000 c) 1 cm to 160 km ANSWER: (p. 46) 1 cm = 160 km 1 cm = (160 x 100 000) cm 1:16 000 000 14. The line scale on a map indicates that 4 cm represents 20 km. What is the RT.? ANSWER: 4 cm = 20 km 4cm=4=20km -4 1 c m = 5 k m 1 cm = (5 x 100 000) cm 1:500 000

15. The line scale on a map indicates that 1.5 cm represents 50 km. What is the R.F.? ANSWER: 1.5 cm = 50 km 1.5 cm=1.5=50 km=1.5 1 cm = 33.33333 km 1 cm = (33.33333 x 100 000) cm 1:3 333 333