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ETHJ Vol-40 No-1 East Texas Historical Journal Volume 40 Issue 1 Article 1 3-2002 ETHJ Vol-40 No-1 Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.sfasu.edu/ethj Part of the United States History Commons Tell us how this article helped you. Recommended Citation (2002) "ETHJ Vol-40 No-1," East Texas Historical Journal: Vol. 40 : Iss. 1 , Article 1. Available at: https://scholarworks.sfasu.edu/ethj/vol40/iss1/1 This Full Issue is brought to you for free and open access by the History at SFA ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in East Texas Historical Journal by an authorized editor of SFA ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. VOLUME XL 2002 NUMBER 1 ,. I .., I HISTORICAL JOURNAL TTE HI TORIC L o IATIO 2001-2002 FFI RS ennelh . HendncksoD.lr PresideDl '2'ail ~~e~l.·.· ·•· ~Fi~ :c: ~~ :~:~: Portia L. Gord n ecrelary-Treal>urer DIRE 0 Willie Earl1indall an Augu line 2002 Donald Walker Lubbock 2002 Cary Winl7 I10u\1 n 2002 R.G. Dean acogd h s 2003 amh Greene Gilmer 200 Dun K. tley Pllugcrvlllc 200 Robert . B:c.haw Lullin 2QO.t W.R. "Ru\ly" ampbell Beuum nl 2QO.t lcxund r Prall Tex:c. it 2004 D nald 'Ii illel!.. Galve 'lon ex-Pre. idem Linda . lIud n M\hall e ·Pre. idenl DI ORI 80 RD alenlln J. Belliglio Garland B h Bo man Lufkin Gama L. hri tian 1lou I n Ouida Dean acogd 'he Patricia aJdu Tylcr R bert L. Glover Rim Bobby H. John. on acogdClChc\ PalTicia Kcll Baytown Max . Lale Fort \Vi rtll huck Par; n Luling Fred Tarpley Commerce AI hie P. cDonald E ECUTI DIRE RD EDITOR Mark D. Barringer a lAT DrTOR 50 annually © Cop",.;ght _00_ L - o. /- ECISI Te.m~ HislOricul As.H)C;uliOIl EAST TEXAS HISTORICAL JOURNAL Volume XL 2002 NUMBER 1 CONTENTS THE LAST POPULIST - GEORGE WASHINGTON ARMSTRONG AND THE TEXAS GUBERNATORIAL ELECTION OF 1932, AND THE 'ZIONIST' THREAT TO LIBERTY AND CONSTITUTIONAL GOVERNMENT by Kenneth E. Hendrickson, Jr. 3 A CENTURY OF ENTREPRENEURS: .' ,::-;-,':~1 ,1 ') THE LUFKIN INDUSTRIES STORY, 1902-2002.",,:"" ';'~, ' c..5 <J ~ by Bob Buwmcm /:.:." ; '1C ~.~ 17 / F. I'/J,~ ~ MELVIN B. TOLSON - TEXAS RADICAL (~ c'" .,J1/._ cP by Cail K Beil t~ '..-:~ ..,';',_ "' ::.,? ~~; 26 WILLIAM PITT BALLINGER: GALVESTON'S RE~UCTAN~REBEL. ,." ,~~~ by Kenneth R. Stevens :~ ~ :~_ ,_ ~~~: 37 . ''--'/ THE OLD FLAG BEHIND THE WIRE: <., , :Y UNION SOLDIER MORALE IN CAMP FORD TEXA'~i.;_,:,.. , :. ': >-' by Philip D. Dillard 44 THE DUGAN FAMILY: ITS CONTRIBUTIONS TO EARLY GRAYSON COUNTY HISTORY by Lora Whiting Tindall and Dr. Clyde Hall 52 EVILS MORE DEADLY THAN THE CARNAGE OF THE BATTLEFIELD: TIlE FIGHT FOR PROHIBITION IN MCLENNAN COUNTY IN 1917 by James B. Se)'fnOur, Jr. 58 BOOK NOTES 69 by Archie P. McDonald BOOK REVIEWS 74 Archie P. McDonald, Executive Director and Editor Mark D. Barringer, Associate Editor STEPHEN F. AUSTIN STATE UNIVERSITY P.O. BOX 6223 NACOGDOCHES, TEXAS 75962 936-468-2407 e-mail: [email protected] http://leonardo.sfasu.eduJethaJ 2 EAST TEXAS HJSTORICAL ASSOCIAnON BOOKS REVIEWED Weddle, The Wreck ofthe Belle, The Ruin ofLa Salle by F. Todd Smith Chipman/Joseph, Explorers and Settlers ofSpanish Texas by Donna Cooper West Zamora/OrozwlRocha, Mexican Americans in Texas History~ Selected Essa)'s by Cary D.Wintz De la Teja, New Foundations: Preliminary Studies of the Texas Catholic Historical Society III by lorge Iber Von-MaszewskL Vo.vage to North America. 1844-45: Prince Carl of Solm!J-:~' Texas Diary ofPeople, Places, and Events by Alison Etford Eckhardt, Texas Smoke: Muzzle-Loaders on the Frontier by Wallace Davison Hatley, The Indian Wan' in Stephen F Austin's Texas Colony, 1822-1835 by Brian P. King Carroll, Homesteads Ungovernable: Families, Sex. Race. and the l.aw in Frontier Texas. 1823-1860 by Linda S_ Hudson Hunt, Primrose Past: The 1848 Journal ofa YlJUng Lady Primrose by Susan E. West ParsonsIHall Little, Captain L.H. McNelly, Texas Ranger: The Life and Times of a Fighting Man by Robert Nieman LincecumfPhillipslRedshaw, Gideon Lincecum's Sword: Civil War Letters from the Texas Home Front by Alicia Young Hall. Sibley's New Mexico Campaign by Son H. Mai PickeringIFalls, Brush Men & Vigilante!J': Civil War Dissent in Texas by Randy Harshbarger Insco/Kenzer, Enemies of the Country: New Interpretations on Unionists in the Civil War South by Ralph A. Wooster Morris, A Private in the Texas Rangers: A. T Miller ofCompany B, Frontier Battalion by Allen G. Hatley Davis, Historic Towns of Texas, Vol. 3, Nacogdoches. Goliad. San Felipe by Bill O'Neal VeselkaIFoote, The Courthouse Square in Texas by Stanley O. Graves Baker, Lighthouses ofTexas by Casey E. Greene Sanders, Spindletop: The Untold Story hy Terry Lee Rioux Ahernethy, The Texas Folklore Society 1971-2000 Volume III by Joyce Gibson Roach McConal, Over the Wall: The Men Behind the 1934 Death House Escape by Donald R. Walker Bryant, Culture in the American Southwest: the earth, the sky, the people by Fred Tarpley Schroeder, Lone Slar Picture Shows by W. K. Waters Whisenhunt, Tent Show: Arthur Names and His "Famous" Players by Kenneth W. Howell YoungiPederson/Daynes, Franklin D. Roosevelt and tlte Shaping ofAmerican Culture by Mark W. Beasley WolflPedersonIDaynes, Franklin D. Roosevelt and Congress: The New Deal and Its Aftermath by Mark W. Beasley Henderson, Stateside Soldier: Life in the Women s Anny Corps 1944-1945 by Marie Bennett Alsmeyer Stroud, For Love ofCountry: The Price ofFreedom by Hazel Shelton Abernethy EAST TEXAS HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION 3 THE LAST POPULIST - GEORGE WASHINGTON ARMSTRONG AND THE TEXAS GUBERNATORIAL ELECTION OF 1932, AND THE 'ZIONIST' THREAT TO LIBERTY AND CONSTITUTIONAL GOVERNMENT by Kenneth E. Hendrickson, ir. On November 11, 1932, Miriam Amanda "Ma" Ferguson, one of the half dozen most incompetent people ever to bold the position, was elected to her second term as governor of Texas. Her nearest rival was Republican Orville Bullington, a reactionary lawyer from Wichita Falls. Surprisingly, in view of the financial woes of the time, Bullington made a strong showing because many Democrats, disgusted by the questionable outcome of the primaries which had brought defeat to Governor Ross Sterling, and appalled by the return of "Ma" and her controller husband James B. Ferguson to the political center stage, had declined to support their party's candidate. l Lost on most Texans during the campaign was the presence of a third candidate. His name was George Washington Armstrong, and he represented an obscure political organization of his own making called the Jacksonian Democratic Party. A businessman with bases of operation in both Fort Worth and Natchez, Mississippi, Armstrong had been drawn into politics by his obsession with the money question. He ran for governor because he wanted to revolutionize the banking and currency system of Texas and the nation. George Washlngton Armstrong was born on January 26, 1866, in Joyce County. His father, Ramsey Clark Armstrong, was a Methodist minister and a founder ofTexas Wesleyan University, His mother, Matilda Smyth Armstrong, was a daughter of George Washington Smytb, a signer of the Texas DecIaration of Independence. Young George wac;; educated at the University of Texas where he received his law degree in 1886. In IKK8 he settled in Fort Worth where he practiced law for fifteen years. He was elected county judge of Tarrant County in 1894 and served two terms, Ever after he insisted on being addressed as "Judge" Armstrong. Abandoning the practice of law in 1903, Armstrong went into oil, live­ stock, and banking and achieved great success. He was active in the develop­ ment of the Batson field in Hardin County (1903-05), and the Petrolia field in Clay County (1905-07). He helped found the First National Bank and several other bUSIness ventures, including Texas Steel Company, in Fort Worth and he was also a founding member of the Fort Worth Chamber of Commerce. Later, Annstrong developed a 25,OOO-acre cattle ranch near Hickory, Oklahoma, which he sold in 1917. He then moved his livestock to new holdings in Adams County, Mississippi, and there he discovered additional deposits of petroleum.2 Kenneth E. Hendrickson, Jr., is Hardin Di.~tinguished Professor ofHistory at Midwe.~tenl State University. He was pn:'sident of Phi Alpha Theta. 2()(}()-2()()/ and president of the East Texas Historical As.meiatinfl. 2()()J -2002. He is also Fellow of the Associatinn. He thanks the Hardin Foundation for its suppnrt. 4 EAST TEXAS HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION During World War I, Armstrong over-extended himself in his effort to produce cattle and manufactured products. When prices collapsed after the war he was unable to pay his obligations and a two-year struggle to extricate himself from his troubles failed. Convinced that it was the nation's financial system and not his own decisions that had led him to ruin, Armstrong began what he later called "a thorough investigation" of the complex financial relationships involving the United States government, the Federal Reserve System, and the leading private banks of the nation. He concluded that he and many others were victims of a monstrous conspiracy and he outlined his views in 1922 in a privately published book titled The Crime of '20. 3 In The Crime of '20, the first of many books Armstrong wrote on banking and finance, he argued that the real purpose of the Federal Reserve System was to rule the country and its primary tool was the gold standard, which he described as "the most infamous device ever created for controlling prices and wages and to despoil the producer of a just reward for his toil and the wcalth hc creates." It was the gold standard, he fumed, through which Jewish bankers controlled the destiny of men and nations.
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