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Canadian Freshwater Aquaculture Symposium – Aquaculture Canada 2004 Proceedings of the Canadian Freshwater Aquaculture Symposium – Aquaculture Canada 2004 Aquaculture CanadaOM 2004 – Proceedings of Contributed Papers – Canadian Freshwater Aquaculture Symposium. Part of the 21st Annual Meeting of the Aquaculture Association of Canada, Québec City, Québec, October 17-20, 2004. OM Aquaculture Canada is an Official Mark of the Aquaculture Association of Canada and may not be used without permission. Aquaculture Association of Canada Special Publication Number 11, 2006. Éric Gilbert, Daniel Stechey and Melissa Struthers, editors ISBN 0-9780943-0-1 Published by Aquaculture Association of Canada, St. Andrews, NB Printed by Transcontinental Express, St. John’s, NL © 2006 Aquaculture Association of Canada Printed in Canada Front Cover: Photos courtesy of Steve Naylor, Ontario Ministry of Agriculture AAC Spec. Publ. No. 11 (2006) 1 Proceedings of the National Freshwater Aquaculture Symposium – Aquaculture Canada 2004 Aquaculture CanadaOM 2004 October 17-20, 2004 Québec City, Québec Proceedings of Contributed Papers – Canadian Freshwater Aquaculture Symposium Table of Contents Introduction Freshwater Aquaculture in Canada: Addressing Challenges – Realizing Potential Éric Gilbert and Daniel Stechey ...................................................................................................................... 4 Contributed Papers Freshwater Aquaculture in Canada: Status, Potential and Developmental Challenges................................ 14 Éric Gilbert U.S. National Technology-based Effluent Pollutant Control Requirements for Concentrated Aquatic Animal Production ........................................................................................................................................... 21 Marvin Rubin Freshwater Aquaculture in Denmark: A New Platform for Sustainable Growth ............................................ 26 Brian Thomsen Environmental Regulation of Freshwater Aquaculture in Canada.................................................................. 31 Daniel Stechey and Jan Linquist Panel Discussion: Toward an Enabling Policy and Regulatory Framework in Canada ................................ 40 Moderator: David Rideout, Canadian Aquaculture Industry Alliance Future Directions in Feed Formulation for Waste Reduction.......................................................................... 48 Dominique P. Bureau and Katheline Hua Phosphorus and Feeding Fish: Issues and Perspectives.............................................................................. 53 Grant W. Vandenberg and Gabriel Koffi D. Koko Use of Computer Models to Establish the Feeding Standards for Fish Performance and Waste Reduction for Sustainable Aquaculture: A TREATISE........................................................................................................... 63 C. Young Cho Technologies to Improve Feeding Efficiency in Land-Based and Cage Culture Systems ............................. 74 Daniel Stechey A Comparison of Alternative Designs and Technologies in Recirculating Aquaculture.................................. 86 Denis Delong and Thomas M. Losordo Les circuits fermés et les coûts d’énergie....................................................................................................... 91 Robert Champagne et Gilles Filion 2 AAC Spec. Publ. No. 11 (2006) Proceedings of the Canadian Freshwater Aquaculture Symposium – Aquaculture Canada 2004 Mass Balance and Nutrient Flows in Freshwater Aquaculture ....................................................................... 98 Dominique P. Bureau and Katheline Hua La STRADDAQ, un partenariat pour le développement durable de l’aquaculture en eau douce au Québec............................................................................................................................................................ 103 Sylvain Lareau, Michel Groleau et Guy Ouellet Management Approaches for Coldwater Disease Caused by Flavobacterium psychrophilum...................... 111 John S. Lumsden, Karrie Young, Katie Welsh and Shohreh Heshami A Review of Epidemiological Investigations of Bacterial Gill disease in Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources Fish Hatcheries............................................................................................................................. 118 Chris M. Good and Mary A. Thorburn Temperature Dependent Immune System Suppression in Teleost Fish: Do Pathogens Dominate in the Cold?............................................................................................................................................................... 125 Brian Dixon, Julie Parks, Suchita Nath, Steve Kales, Kazuhiro Fujiki and Patricia Schulte Is Antibiotic Resistance in Freshwater Aquaculture a Problem: A Québec Perspective ............................... 131 Carl Uhland Use of Hybrid Membrane Filtration Technology Combined with Chemical Precipitation to Control Phosphorus Release from Recirculation Aquaculture Systems ..................................................................... 134 Ling Yang, Hongde Zhou and Rich Moccia Aquaculture Development In Alberta .............................................................................................................. 142 Eric Hutchings Species Selection in Freshwater Aquaculture: A Prioritization Model for Industry Diversification ................ 147 Gord M. Durant Aquaculture as an Agricultural Diversification Strategy .................................................................................. 159 Daniel Stechey and Éric Gilbert Techniques Used for the Intensive Culture of Lake Whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) in Ontario, Canada............................................................................................................................................................ 169 Glenn W. Hooper Intensive Culture of Walleye in the United States........................................................................................... 173 Robert C. Summerfelt Pathways to Privatization of Fish Stocking ..................................................................................................... 183 Duane S. Radford AAC Spec. Publ. No. 11 (2006) 3 Proceedings of the National Freshwater Aquaculture Symposium – Aquaculture Canada 2004 Introduction Freshwater Aquaculture in Canada: Objectives of the Canadian Freshwater Addressing Challenges – Realizing Aquaculture Symposium Potential Historically, efforts to identify and resolve the developmental challenges (real or perceived) to Éric Gilbert, Chair, Canadian Freshwater freshwater aquaculture have largely been Aquaculture Symposium addressed at a regional level. This approach, although producing some benefits, has not been Daniel Stechey, Co-Chair, Canadian Freshwater functionally effective or efficient. A broader, Aquaculture Symposium national approach could serve to generate leveraged results from over-taxed and under- Freshwater aquaculture in Canada is relatively funded research, development and technology small compared to the marine sector, accounting transfer programs and services. Therefore, for only 6% of total tonnage and 11% of total industry and government stakeholders value of the 2002 aquaculture output in Canada. developed, through the Inter-provincial In comparison, European countries like Collaborative Initiative for Sustainable Denmark, France, the U.K. and Italy each Freshwater Aquaculture, a National Freshwater produce more than 25,000 tonnes of trout Aquaculture Action Plan to focus efforts on annually in freshwater systems. With the largest priorities areas in freshwater aquaculture R&D reserve of freshwater in the world comprised of and Technology Transfer - namely Nutrition; millions of lakes, rivers, reservoirs and aquifers, Waste Management; Farm Management; and it is an understatement to say that Canada is not Environmental Carrying (Assimilative) Capacity. meeting its potential in freshwater aquaculture. Moreover, with the world’s second largest To facilitate implementation of this Plan, the seafood market located only hours to the south, Canadian Freshwater Aquaculture Symposium there is a considerable potential to enhance the provided a forum to increase awareness and capacity of freshwater aquaculture in Canada. transfer knowledge with respect to those issues that continue to constrain freshwater Nevertheless, despite the enormous potential to aquaculture development in Canada, including: become a major force in the agri-food sector within the interior of Canada, the sector has • Policy and regulatory approaches for demonstrated little to no growth over the last five sustainable development; years. In some regions, production is in decline. • Fish feeding strategies for enhanced Growth in freshwater aquaculture has been sustainability and profit; significantly impeded by concerns related to the potential negative environmental impact of fish • Advances in recirculating systems; culture practices. These concerns have led to • Technologies to advance knowledge an ‘unofficial’ moratorium on industry expansion regarding environmental interactions; in a number of key areas. Consequently, the • Fish health management; challenges faced by the industry are • Effluent treatment and waste management; considerable and, under the current policy and and regulatory climate, the outlook is bleak if • Production’s diversification. appropriate action is not taken. To realize its potential, industry and governments must Experts in freshwater aquaculture from across
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