Causes of High Drop out R.A.Te of Girls in Upper Primary in Nagongera Sub County Tororo District Uganda by Ochieng Noah Dpe
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CAUSES OF HIGH DROP OUT R.A.TE OF GIRLS IN UPPER PRIMARY IN NAGONGERA SUB COUNTY TORORO DISTRICT UGANDA BY OCHIENG NOAH DPE/ 16837 /71/DU A RESEARCH REPORT SUBMITTED TO THE INSTITUTE OF OPEN AND DISTANCE LEARNING IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE WARD OF DIPLOMA PRIMARY EDUCATION OF KAMPALA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY AUGUST 2009 DECLARATION I, OCHIENG NOAH, do hereby declare that the study titled causes of high dropout rate of girls in upper primary in Nangongera sub-county Tororo District is entirely my own work, except where acknowledge this title has not been submitted before to any other university or institution of higher learning for the award of diploma Sign ................................... Date: ............................ OCHIENG NOAH RESEARCHER II APPROVAL This has been submitted for examination with my approval as the candidates University Supervisors. Signature: ................................... Date: ................................... KIRY A ROBERT KENT SUPERVISOR 111 DEDICATION I dedicate this piece of work to my beloved parents. John Obbo Gabdeal, NyapeRdi Rita, Ochwo Alex, Auma Justine, brothers, sisters, relatives and my wife, Corne Ochieng and our ch.ilct-Fen. IV ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I am grateful to the entire Kampala International University administration for the academic, moral and parental support that enabled me to conduct and produce this research work. I thank so much Mr. Kirya Robert Kent, my lecturer and supervisor for the time he spent to provide me with support and guidance to make the study a success. I appreciate the support and co-operation of Mr. Owor Virgily, the Headmaster of Walaweji Primary school and Mr. Owere Lawrence, the Deputy Head teacher of Mahanga Primary school. I also wish to thank the head teachers of the sampled schools and their respondents for all their co-qJena_tion in prPvirling information for the study. Lastly, I appreciate the support and contributions of my wife, Esther Okumu, relatives and friends for their assistance throughout my study. V TABLE OF CONTENTS Title page ......................................................................................... .i Declaration ....................................................................................... .i Approval ........................................................................................... .iii Dedication......................................................................................... iv Acknowledgement. .............................................................................. v Table of contents ................................................................................ vi List of Tables .................................................................................... viii Abstract .......................................................................................... .ix CHAPTER ONE ................................................................................... 1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................. l 1.1. Background Information .............................................................. 1 1.2. The Statement of the Problem ........................................................ 2 1.3. Purpose of the Study .................................................................... 2 1 .4 01:iectives cf Str!.d""./., ............................................................... 2 1.5 Research Questions ....................................................................... 3 1.6. Scope of the Study ....................................................................... 3 1. 7. Significance of the Study .............................................................. 5 CHAPTER TWO ................................................................................... 6 LITERATURE REVIEW ......................................................................... 6 2 .1. Review of Related Literature ......................................................... 6 2.2. Education of Girls in General ....................................................... 6 2.3. Social Economic Factors ............................................................... 7 2.4. Education of Girls and the Cultural Factors ................................... 8 2.5. Education of Girls and Attitudes .................................................. 10 2.6. Indiscipline /Psychological Factors .............................................. 12 vi CHAPTER THREE ........................................................................... 14 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ........................................................... 14 3.1. Research Design ....................................................................... 14 3.2. Target Population ..................................................................... 14 3.3. Sample and Sampling Procedure................................................. 14 3.4. Research Instruments ................................................................ 15 3.5. Research Procedure ................................................................... 15 3.6. Data Analysis ............................................................................. 16 3.7 Limitation of the Study ................................................................ 17 CHAPTER FOUR. .............................................................................. 18 PRESENTATION, INTERPRETATION, DATA ANALYSIS ......................... 18 4.1. Presentation .............................................................................. 18 4.2. Interpretation ............................................................................. 18 4.3. Data analysis ............................................................................. 19 CHAPTER FIVE ................................................................................. 20 DISCUSSION, CONCLUSION, RECOMMENDATION ............................. 20 5.1. Discussion ................................................................................ 20 5.2. Conclusion ............................................................................... 22 5.3. Recommendations...................................................................... 23 REFERENCES .................................................................................. 24 APPENDICES .................................................................................... 24 APPENDIX A: Questionnaires for Headteachers ................................... 25 APPENDIX B: Questionnaires for Class Teachers ................................. 26 APPENDIX C: Questionnaires for the Pupils ....................................... 27 APPENDIX D: Parents Interview Guide ............................................... 28 vii LIST OF TABLES Table 1. Enrolment in Upper Classes in Sample Schools ................ 14 Table 2 Causes of Dropout of girls in sample schools in Nangogera sub-county ................................................ 16 Table 3 Causes of Dropout of girls in sample schools ................... 18 Table 4 Roles of a senior woman Teacher in Primary schools ...... : ... 19 VIII ABSTRACT During the research on "Causes of high dropout of girls in Upper Primary", much was discovered, which indicated to the research to the research that since the Universal Primary Education programme, parents send boys and girls to school. The problem of school fees which used to limit them was no longer there. However, it has been found out that as girls grow towards adolescence stage, the parents begin to discourage and even retain them at home to do domestic work. They begin preparing them for feminine work. Also with the high birth rate which has continued unchecked, girls are often retained as baby sitters in the homes on the grounds that can do it better than their counterparts, boys. It was also found out that the ,;ou, ,:oeling s,1v1,.c i he girls received at school were inadequate. This was evidenced by the fact that some teachers who would be their counselors abuse them sexually. It was also discovered that as these girls mature, they begin forming informal groups whose attitude towards education was negative and this had led to dropping out of school. Some parents think that girls are sources of income or wealth, and that if they stayed at school longer, they would grow old hence fetch no bride price for the home. This indigenous view has been one the causes of early marriages. Through sensitization, parents should know that given an opportunity, girls can measure up to equal levels with their counterparts academically. IX CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1. 1. Background Information It will be found that there is a high drop out rate of girls m upper primary in Nagongora sub county Tororo District. They will note that the high drop out rate of girls will be due to parents' poor attitudes towards girls' education. For many years, girls in Nagongora Sub County are left home for feminine work due to belief that they will be going for marriage. Retention of girls for domestic work like paying visit to relatives which later results in unwanted pregnancies and early marriages in the sub county, and parents stop providing clothings, books, pens, medical care Some of the few girls who go to school will not be allowed to go beyond primary level, since their parents think that they are family wealthy, therefore they should not get spoiled as they get used to others in the field of education. Hence they say "girls will be reserved for bride price and more girls at