DOCSLIB.ORG

Contribution of Botanist in the System of Classification PROF

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Contribution of Botanist in the System of Classification PROF COMPILED AND CIRCULATED BY PROF. NANDITA BHAKAT, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR, DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY, NARAJOLE RAJ COLLEGE Contribution of botanist in the system of classification PROF. NANDITA BHAKAT Assistant professor Department of Botany Narajole Raj College BOTANY: SEM-IV, PAPER-C10T: PLANT SYSTEMATICS, UNIT-4: SYSTEMS OF CLASSIFICATION. COMPILED AND CIRCULATED BY PROF. NANDITA BHAKAT, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR, DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY, NARAJOLE RAJ COLLEGE • Botanist #1. Theophrastus ( 370-287BC) • “Father of Botany” • He classified plant based on the habit , into 4 groups Herbs, Undershrub, Shrubs and Trees. • Described and named 480 plants and published his work in Historia Plantarum. Theophrastus • Important contributions: I. Fundamental difference between Dicotyledons and Monocotyledons. II. Difference between centripetal and centrifugal type of inflorescences. III. Difference between polypetalous and gamopetalous corolla. IV. Difference between superior and inferior ovary. BOTANY: SEM-IV, PAPER-C10T: PLANT SYSTEMATICS, UNIT-4: SYSTEMS OF CLASSIFICATION. COMPILED AND CIRCULATED BY PROF. NANDITA BHAKAT, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR, DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY, NARAJOLE RAJ COLLEGE • Botanist #2: Gaspard Bauhin (1560-1624) • His work frequently referred the plants with a binary nomenclature and made distinction between genus and species. • Botanist #3: Joseph Pitlon de Tournefort (1656-1708) • He placed primary emphasis on the classification of genera, basing his classification entirely upon the structure of flower and fruit. • He provided major step in the development of the Gaspard Bauhin binomial nomenclature- by the use of a single Latin name for genus and two-word Latin name to denote each species. BOTANY: SEM-IV, PAPER-C10T: PLANT SYSTEMATICS, UNIT-4: SYSTEMS OF CLASSIFICATION. COMPILED AND CIRCULATED BY PROF. NANDITA BHAKAT, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR, DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY, NARAJOLE RAJ COLLEGE • Botanist #4: Carolus Linnaeus (1707-1778) • ”Father of Modern Botany” • The significance of flower and fruit structure was first recognized by him. • He emphasized the basic numerical characteristics of sexual parts i.e., stamen and carpels. Thus the the system known as sexual system. • He classified the plant kingdom into 24 classes then order. Linnaeus BOTANY: SEM-IV, PAPER-C10T: PLANT SYSTEMATICS, UNIT-4: SYSTEMS OF CLASSIFICATION. COMPILED AND CIRCULATED BY PROF. NANDITA BHAKAT, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR, DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY, NARAJOLE RAJ COLLEGE • Botanist #5 Michel Adanson (1727-1806) • Grand Father of Numerical Taxonomy • He reject all the artificial system and proposed his classification in favour of natural system. • Published his work in Families de Plantes (1763) • Botanist #6 Augustin P. de Candolle (1778-1841) • Introduce the term Taxonomy( taxis-arrangement, nomos-rules) • He attempt to write a flora for the whole world in “Systematis Naturalis RegniVegetabilis “. BOTANY: SEM-IV, PAPER-C10T: PLANT SYSTEMATICS, UNIT-4: SYSTEMS OF CLASSIFICATION. COMPILED AND CIRCULATED BY PROF. NANDITA BHAKAT, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR, DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY, NARAJOLE RAJ COLLEGE • Botanist # 7 George Bentham (1800-18840 and Joseph Dalton Hooker (1817-1911) • Published Genera plantarum • Classified only seed plant BOTANY: SEM-IV, PAPER-C10T: PLANT SYSTEMATICS, UNIT-4: SYSTEMS OF CLASSIFICATION. COMPILED AND CIRCULATED BY PROF. NANDITA BHAKAT, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR, DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY, NARAJOLE RAJ COLLEGE • Botanist #8 Adolf Englar (1844-1930) and Karl Prantl • Includes the entire plant kingdom • Gymnosperm separated and placed before the Angiosperms • Dicotyledons placed after monocotyledons • The term Natural order replace by family • The term series has been replace by order BOTANY: SEM-IV, PAPER-C10T: PLANT SYSTEMATICS, UNIT-4: SYSTEMS OF CLASSIFICATION. COMPILED AND CIRCULATED BY PROF. NANDITA BHAKAT, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR, DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY, NARAJOLE RAJ COLLEGE • Botanist # 9 John Hutchinson (1884-1972) • Relating to the general habit of plants, • Trees and shrubs are probably more primitive than herbs and trees and shrubs are older than climbers. • Monocot have been derived from Dicots. • Free petal are more primitive than connate petals. • The endospermic seed with small embryo is primitive and the non endospermic seed more recent. • In primitive flowers, there are many stamens. Angiosperm Dicotyledons Monocotyledons Lignosae Herbaceae Calyciferae Corolliferae Glumiflorae BOTANY: SEM-IV, PAPER-C10T: PLANT SYSTEMATICS, UNIT-4: SYSTEMS OF CLASSIFICATION. COMPILED AND CIRCULATED BY PROF. NANDITA BHAKAT, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR, DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY, NARAJOLE RAJ COLLEGE • Botanist# 10Takhtajan and Cronquist • The Dicot has been discussed prior to Monocots • The families are small homogenous units made up of closely related genera • The Dicots begin with Magnoliales, which is highly satisfactory as Magnoiliales are universally considered to be the most primitive living Angiosperms BOTANY: SEM-IV, PAPER-C10T: PLANT SYSTEMATICS, UNIT-4: SYSTEMS OF CLASSIFICATION. COMPILED AND CIRCULATED BY PROF. NANDITA BHAKAT, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR, DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY, NARAJOLE RAJ COLLEGE TYPES OF CLASSIFICATION A) Artificial system: The system where the organisms are classified into different taxa based on one or a few superficial characteristics only. B) Natural system: The plants are grouped on the basis of common natural characteristics and placed into different taxa like classes, orders , families and genera, etc.This type of system does not consider the evolutionary sequence . C) Phylogenetic system : Here the construction of classification is based on the course of evolution and tries to arrange the plants based on genetic and phylogenetic relationship. BOTANY: SEM-IV, PAPER-C10T: PLANT SYSTEMATICS, UNIT-4: SYSTEMS OF CLASSIFICATION. COMPILED AND CIRCULATED BY PROF. NANDITA BHAKAT, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR, DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY, NARAJOLE RAJ COLLEGE THANK YOU BOTANY: SEM-IV, PAPER-C10T: PLANT SYSTEMATICS, UNIT-4: SYSTEMS OF CLASSIFICATION..
Load more

Recommended publications
  • An Antillean Plant of Beauty, a French Botanist, and a German Name: Naming Plants in the Early Modern Atlantic World
    Estonian Journal of Ecology, 2012, 61, 1, 37–50 doi: 10.3176/eco.2012.1.05 An Antillean plant of beauty, a French botanist, and a German name: naming plants in the Early Modern Atlantic world Laura Hollsten Faculty of Arts, Åbo Akademi University, 20500 Åbo, Finland; [email protected] Received 10 December 2010, revised 7 March 2011, accepted 27 June 2011 Abstract. This paper investigates the naming of plants in the work of the French botanist Charles Plumier (1646–1704). Plumier made three trips to the French Antilles between 1690 and 1697, was appointed royal botanist in 1693, and published his first work, Description des Plantes de l’Amérique, in the same year. Plumier was the first ‘modern’ botanist to describe the flora of the Caribbean in a time when natural history underwent significant qualitative changes as a result of the European expansion and transatlantic contacts. Plumier’s ambition was to replace the confusing multitude of names given to New World plants with a universal taxonomically based nomenclature. His modernity and scientific ethos manifest themselves in his neutral way of organizing the plants according to a taxonomic system and his use of a Latin nomenclature, often naming plants after well-known botanists. Through Plumier’s naming process, I argue, it is possible to highlight the colonial and Atlantic context of his work, his network as part of the scientific elite of his country, and his professionalism resulting from years of botanical studies. Key words: history of botany, early modern natural history, plant nomenclature. INTRODUCTION According to a story entitled ‘The Tree of Riches’, the French botanist Charles Plumier decided that he would like to travel the world and get rich (Pellowski, 1990).
    [Show full text]
  • An Inordinate Disdain for Beetles
    An Inordinate Disdain for Beetles: Imagining the Insect in Colonial Aotearoa A Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Masters of Arts in English By Lillian Duval University of Canterbury August 2020 Table of Contents: TABLE OF CONTENTS: ................................................................................................................................. 2 TABLE OF FIGURES ..................................................................................................................................... 3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ................................................................................................................................ 6 ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................................................. 7 INTRODUCTION: INSECTOCENTRISM..................................................................................................................................... 8 LANGUAGE ........................................................................................................................................................... 11 ALICE AND THE GNAT IN CONTEXT ............................................................................................................................ 17 FOCUS OF THIS RESEARCH ....................................................................................................................................... 20 CHAPTER ONE: FRONTIER ENTOMOLOGY AND THE
    [Show full text]
  • Historical Review of Systematic Biology and Nomenclature - Alessandro Minelli
    BIOLOGICAL SCIENCE FUNDAMENTALS AND SYSTEMATICS – Vol. II - Historical Review of Systematic Biology and Nomenclature - Alessandro Minelli HISTORICAL REVIEW OF SYSTEMATIC BIOLOGY AND NOMENCLATURE Alessandro Minelli Department of Biology, Via U. Bassi 58B, I-35131, Padova,Italy Keywords: Aristotle, Belon, Cesalpino, Ray, Linnaeus, Owen, Lamarck, Darwin, von Baer, Haeckel, Sokal, Sneath, Hennig, Mayr, Simpson, species, taxa, phylogeny, phenetic school, phylogenetic school, cladistics, evolutionary school, nomenclature, natural history museums. Contents 1. The Origins 2. From Classical Antiquity to the Renaissance Encyclopedias 3. From the First Monographers to Linnaeus 4. Concepts and Definitions: Species, Homology, Analogy 5. The Impact of Evolutionary Theory 6. The Last Few Decades 7. Nomenclature 8. Natural History Collections Glossary Bibliography Biographical Sketch Summary The oldest roots of biological systematics are found in folk taxonomies, which are nearly universally developed by humankind to cope with the diversity of the living world. The logical background to the first modern attempts to rationalize the classifications was provided by Aristotle's logic, as embodied in Cesalpino's 16th century classification of plants. Major advances were provided in the following century by Ray, who paved the way for the work of Linnaeus, the author of standard treatises still regarded as the starting point of modern classification and nomenclature. Important conceptual progress was due to the French comparative anatomists of the early 19th century UNESCO(Cuvier, Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire) – andEOLSS to the first work in comparative embryology of von Baer. Biological systematics, however, was still searching for a unifying principle that could provide the foundation for a natural, rather than conventional, classification.SAMPLE This principle wasCHAPTERS provided by evolutionary theory: its effects on classification are already present in Lamarck, but their full deployment only happened in the 20th century.
    [Show full text]
  • Catalogue 294 Recent Acquisitions CATALOGUE 294 Catalogue 294
    ANTIQUARIAAT JUNK ANTIQUARIAAT Antiquariaat Junk Catalogue 294 1 Recent Acquisitions CATALOGUE CATALOGUE 294 Catalogue 294 Old & Rare Books Recent Acquisitions 2016 121 Levaillant Catalogue 294 Recent Acquisitions Antiquariaat Junk B.V. Allard Schierenberg and Jeanne van Bruggen Van Eeghenstraat 129, NL-1071 GA Amsterdam The Netherlands Telephone: +31-20-6763185 Telefax: +31-20-6751466 [email protected] www.antiquariaatjunk.com Natural History Booksellers since 1899 Please visit our website: www.antiquariaatjunk.com with thousands of colour pictures of fine Natural History books. You will also find more pictures of the items displayed in this catalogue. Items 14 & 26 sold Frontcover illustration: 88 Gessner Backcover illustration: 121 Levaillant GENERAL CONDITIONS OF SALE as filed with the registry of the District Court of Amsterdam on No- vember 20th, 1981 under number 263 / 1981 are applicable in extenso to all our offers, sales, and deliveries. THE PRICES in this catalogue are net and quoted in Euro. As a result of the EU single Market legisla- tion we are required to charge our EU customers 6% V.A.T., unless they possess a V.A.T. registration number. Postage additional, please do not send payment before receipt of the invoice. All books are sold as complete and in good condition, unless otherwise described. EXCHANGE RATES Without obligation: 1 Euro= 1.15 USD; 0.8 GBP; 124 JPY VISITORS ARE WELCOME between office hours: Monday - Friday 9.00 - 17.30 OUR V.A.T. NUMBER NL 0093.49479B01 134 Meyer 5 [1] AEMILIANUS, J. Naturalis de Ruminantibus historia Ioannis Aemy- liani... Venetiis, apaud Franciscum Zilettum, 1584.
    [Show full text]
  • Linguistic Imperialism'
    Title Linnaeus, Chinese flora and 'linguistic imperialism' Author(s) Cook, GA The 2009 Symposium of the University of Hong Kong Summer Institute in Arts & Humanities: 'The Appropriation of Chinese Citation Nature during the Enlightenment', Hong Kong, China, 14 July 2009. Issued Date 2009 URL http://hdl.handle.net/10722/123694 Rights Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License Linnaeus, Chinese flora and ‘linguistic imperialism’ Alexandra Cook Department of Philosophy HKU [email protected] Theses Linnaeus did not practice „linguistic imperialism‟ in naming Chinese plants; In naming Chinese plants, Linnaeus applied his rules less restrictively than is generally thought (Needham, Schiebinger); assigned a relatively small percentage of patronymic names; and offered a road map to many indigenous usages and names through his synonymies and materia medica. Some statistics 160 Chinese species determined by Linnaeus father and son; 100 of these in Species plantarum (1753): SP marks official beginning of modern botanical nomenclature Binomial names: Genus + specific epithet Total of 319 Chinese species known to L. and L. fil. Total genera named by Linnaeus: 1,313 23% of 286 economically-useful species named by Linnaeus have generic names referring to use contradicting his rules of 1737 (Crit. Bot.) Patronymics: 10% (i.e. 13) of 131 genera designations of Chinese plants by L. and L. fil. However, mine is primarily a qualitative, rather than a quantitative or statistical, argument. Critiques of Linnaean generic names Joseph Needham, with Lu Gwei-Djen and Huang Hsin-Tsung, Science and Civilisation in China, vol. 6: Biology and Biological Technology, part I: Botany (Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1986).
    [Show full text]
  • Nontrivial Collections
    NONTRIVIAL COLLECTIONS Igor Ya. Pavlinov Moscow Zoological Museum NONTRIVIAL COLLECTIONS 1. Two basic contexts 2. The origins: facts 3. The origins: philosophy 4. Interrelation of contexts 5. Quality and quantity 6. Digital collections 7. Nontriviality as a curatorial problem 8. Research museum collections are fundamentally nontrivial TWO BASIC CONTEXTS “There is nothing either good or bad, but thinking makes it so.” Prince Hamlet There are no collections either trivial or nontrivial by themselves, but some contexts make them so. Igor Pavlinov TWO BASIC CONTEXTS There are two basic contexts that make research museum collections either trivial or nontrivial. Research museum collections: consist of museum objects => Museological context stored for conducting research => Scientific context TWO BASIC CONTEXTS MUSEUM NONTRIVIALITY of collections is closely connected to the nontriviality of certain curatorial tasks. They involve “museification” of the materials acquired and stored by museums, i.e. their preparation, preservation, registration, labeling, etc. TWO BASIC CONTEXTS SCIENTIFIC NONTRIVIALITY of collections is closely connected to the nontriviality of ideas and research tasks they allow to explore. Of course, these ideas and tasks, in their turn, appear to be nontrivial in certain general scientific contexts THE ORIGINS: FACTS Research museum collections were nontrivial in either context from their very beginning. This was because the previous research practice of the so called Herbal Epoch dealt with natural objects drawings and
    [Show full text]
  • Setting up Milestones: Sneath on Adanson and Mayr on Darwin
    Chapter 1 Setting Up Milestones: Sneath on Adanson and Mayr on Darwin Mary P. Winsor Abstract History is written by people, and whether those people are historians, scientists, or philos- ophers makes a difference in what they want from the past. Usually, scientists hope to foretell or even influence the future, a motive uncongenial to historians. Two instances of biologists setting up historical figures as milestones, heroic forerunners of their own views, exemplify important issues about the writing of history. In 1957 Peter Sneath, a founder of numerical taxonomy, identified Michel Adanson as his precursor, proposing the term Adan- sonian for principles Sneath advocated. Sneath did not realize that statements about Adanson by previous scientists, including Francis Bather and Georges Cuvier, misrepresented his methods. Sneath’s historical interpretation was immediately challenged by botanists who had paid close attention to Adanson's writings. With co-author Robert Sokal, Sneath appealed to historians of science to adjudicate the question, but none responded. In 1957 Ernst Mayr announced that Charles Darwin had replaced typological thinking by population thinking. Mayr’s claim about the dominance of typology acquired new lustre when melded with Karl Popper’s coinage, “essentialism.” Mayr’s historical interpretation reflected 20th- century concerns but was supported by scant historical evidence. The example of Adanson undermines Mayr’s claim, but here too historians failed to supply an effective evaluation. Both stories warn that scientists must take responsibility for their own history. Several recent occurrences indicate a revival of interest in systematic biology and the broad problems of classification … . [Their effect is] to disturb our confidence in the concepts with which we have worked so long and to make us wonder whether any System at all can be based on the Theory of Descent.
    [Show full text]
  • History of Taxonomy
    History of Taxonomy The history of taxonomy dates back to the origin of human language. Western scientific taxonomy started in Greek some hundred years BC and are here divided into prelinnaean and postlinnaean. The most important works are cited and the progress of taxonomy (with the focus on botanical taxonomy) are described up to the era of the Swedish botanist Carl Linnaeus, who founded modern taxonomy. The development after Linnaeus is characterized by a taxonomy that increasingly have come to reflect the paradigm of evolution. The used characters have extended from morphological to molecular. Nomenclatural rules have developed strongly during the 19th and 20th century, and during the last decade traditional nomenclature has been challenged by advocates of the Phylocode. Mariette Manktelow Dept of Systematic Biology Evolutionary Biology Centre Uppsala University Norbyv. 18D SE-752 36 Uppsala E-mail: [email protected] 1. Pre-Linnaean taxonomy 1.1. Earliest taxonomy Taxonomy is as old as the language skill of mankind. It has always been essential to know the names of edible as well as poisonous plants in order to communicate acquired experiences to other members of the family and the tribe. Since my profession is that of a systematic botanist, I will focus my lecture on botanical taxonomy. A taxonomist should be aware of that apart from scientific taxonomy there is and has always been folk taxonomy, which is of great importance in, for example, ethnobiological studies. When we speak about ancient taxonomy we usually mean the history in the Western world, starting with Romans and Greek. However, the earliest traces are not from the West, but from the East.
    [Show full text]
  • Lamarck: the Birth of Biology Author(S): Frans A
    Lamarck: The Birth of Biology Author(s): Frans A. Stafleu Reviewed work(s): Source: Taxon, Vol. 20, No. 4 (Aug., 1971), pp. 397-442 Published by: International Association for Plant Taxonomy (IAPT) Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/1218244 . Accessed: 24/12/2012 16:29 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp . JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. International Association for Plant Taxonomy (IAPT) is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Taxon. http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded on Mon, 24 Dec 2012 16:29:36 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions TAXON 20(4): 397-442. AUGUST 1971 LAMARCK:THE BIRTH OF BIOLOGY Frans A. Stafleu "A long blind patience, such was his genius of the Universe" (Sainte Beuve) Summary A review of the development of Lamarck'sideas on biological systematibswith special reference to the origin and development of his concept of organic evolution. Lamarck's development towards biological systematics is traced through his early botanical and geological writings and related to the gradual change in his scientific outlook from a static and essentialist view of nature towards a dynamic and positivist concept of the life sciences as a special discipline.
    [Show full text]
  • Theory & Practice of Systematics Not Taxon-Specif
    Course Website: http://homepages.ucalgary.ca/~dsikes/courses.htm Check weekly for lecture updates, readings, etc. Course Content: Theory & Practice of Systematics Not taxon-specific Introduction 25 % alpha taxonomy to 75 % phylogenetics Biosystematics - Lecture 2 Introduction to Biological Systematics Lecture 2: Introduction to Biological Systematics Website, Course Outline Outline: The role and value of Systematics Readings (text…, reserve reading room) Taxonomy (! taxonomy) - in decline? Midterm & final exam Describing species Project Identification, Classification “Labs” - Fridays meet in BI 182 Collections, Conservation Beetle exercise Phylogenetics (" taxonomy) Debates (discussions of readings) Phylogeny 5 Questions - bonus Classification (?) Open office hours - make appointment Evolutionary processes / patterns Conservation Biosystematics Godfray (2002) Lecture 1: Introduction to biological systematics (value) Mayr, E.& P. D. Ashlock (1991) Principles of Systematic Zoology, 2nd • alpha taxonomy / phylogenetics Edition, McGraw-Hill, Inc., NY. pp. 1-8. [PDF] (descriptive taxonomy / phylogenetic tax.) *Godfray, H. C. J. (2002) Challenges for taxonomy. Nature 417: 17-19. - suffering from lack of prestige & resources Flowers et al. (2002) Does the decline in systematic biology matter? Chapter 4 of report to the House of Lords (UK). Select Committee on Science & Technology. [webpage] • Solutions? Lecture 2: Value of biosystematics continued; History of taxonomy • “web monographs” ? *Gould, S. J. 2000. Linnaeus's Luck? Natural History.
    [Show full text]
  • The Conservatoire Et Jardin Botaniques De Genève, Founded by Augustin-Pyramus De Candolle (1778-1841) in 1817 Celebrate Their 200Th Anniversary
    The Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de Genève, founded by Augustin-Pyramus de Candolle (1778-1841) th in 1817 celebrate their 200 anniversary Martin W. Callmander, Patrick Bungener & Pierre Boillat Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Genève Augustin-Pyramus de Candolle, a nomadic life at the origin of the CJBG 1778 Born in Geneva on February 4, 1778 Augustin-Pyramus de Candolle (age 14) Drawing attributed to C.-J. Auriol Collection de Candolle / © B. Renaud His earliest memories of botany “I rather distinctly remember [around 11 years of age] …my mother had charged me with arranging his fruit shed; I did this with pleasure and care and ever since I’ve given the greatest attention to not confuse species and to arrange them in a way putting those that resemble one another side-by-side. It was an early indication … of my future inclinations.” A.-P. de Candolle, Mémoires et souvenirs (1778-1841) (ed.: J.-D. Candaux & al.), [Genève: Georg, 2004], pp. 62-63 Augustin-Pyramus de Candolle, a nomadic life at the origin of the CJBG 1796 Assistant director in charge of nomenclature at the Botanical Garden of St. Léger His future education “I will be a naturalist and rhetorician, these are my Plan of the Botanical Garden of St Léger two primary goals.... To become a naturalist... one Drawing in India ink by L. Bagutti, 1819 must study physics and chemistry.... To be a © BGE - Bibliothèque de Genève, Centre d’iconographie rhetorician, it is essential to cultivate logic, metaphysics and literature.” Letter of A.-P. de Candolle to Pierre Girod, April 24, 1796 Collection de Candolle Augustin-Pyramus de Candolle, a nomadic life at the origin of the CJBG 1798 Immersing himself in the scholarly milieu of Paris and in the circle of great names in natural history Pierre-Joseph Redouté (1759-1840) Cactus cochellinifer aquarelle sur vélin destinée au recueil "Plantanum succulentaum historia, 1797-1798, Paris © Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle Jean-Baptiste de Monet, Chevalier de Lamarck (1744-1829) Oil on cloth by C.
    [Show full text]
  • On New Spain and Mexican Medicinal Botany in Cardiology
    HISTORIA Y MEDICINA On New Spain and Mexican medicinal botany in cardiology Alfredo de Micheli-Serra,* Raúl Izaguirre-Ávila* * Departamento de Hematología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez. ABSTRACT En torno a la botánica medicinal novohispana y mexicana en cardiología Towards the middle of the XVI century, the empirical physi- cian Martín de la Cruz, in New Spain, compiled a catalogue of RESUMEN the local medicinal herbs and plants, which was translated into Latin by Juan Badiano, professor at the Franciscan colle- A mediados del siglo XVI el médico empírico novohispano ge of Tlatelolco. On his side, Dr. Francisco Hernández, the ro- Martín de la Cruz recopiló un catálogo de hierbas medicina- yal physician (protomédico) from 1571 until 1577, performed les locales, cuyo texto original, en náhuatl, fue traducido al a systematic study of the flora and fauna in this period. His latín por Juan Badiano, profesor en el colegio Franciscano notes and designs were not published at that time, but two epi- de Tlatelolco. Años después, el doctor Francisco Hernández, tomes of Hernández’ works appeared, respectively, in 1615 in protomédico de la Nueva España en el periodo 1571-1577, Mexico and in 1651 in Rome. During the XVIII century, two efectuó un estudio sistematizado de la flora y la fauna mexi- Spanish scientific expeditions arrived to these lands. They canas. Los apuntes y dibujos por él reunidos a lo largo de were led, respectively, by the Spanish naturalist Martín Sessé aquellos años no llegaron a publicarse en su tiempo. Pero and the Italian seaman, Alessandro Malaspina di Mulazzo, de- sendos epítomes de la obra hernandina fueron publicados, pendent from the Spanish Government.
    [Show full text]