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Study to Map Agritourism Policies in the Caribbean

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Study to Map Agritourism Policies in the Caribbean Study to Map Agritourism Policies in the Caribbean i EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The international tourism sector is a vibrant and growing one, with 598 million international tourist arrivals in the first half of 2017 alone. This was an increase of 6.4 % in comparison to the same period of the previous year. The Caribbean benefited from this increase in tourist arrivals as the region experienced a 5.2% increase in international arrivals for the same period (UNWTO, CTO, 2017). Made popular by it’s beautiful beaches and warm weather, the countries of the Caribbean have found it necessary to diversify their tourism products as more destinations have emerged across the globe, offering similar packages of sun, sea and sand. One niche market that is being explored for diversification is agritourism. Across the region, initiatives have been made by both the public and the private sector, however the necessary policy support is absent in most countries. The replacement of agriculture by tourism as a major income earner for several Caribbean countries, has accentuated the level of food imports entering the region, as hotels and restaurants have intentionally crafted dishes which are reflective of European and North American cuisine. Some studies have reported that leakages have been as high as 75% in some Caribbean nations. This severe impact on Caribbean economies has strengthened the position of agritourism as a sustainable means of diversification. This study has the primary objective of mapping the existing intersectoral linkages between agriculture and tourism in the Caribbean region and identifying where the creation of an enabling policy environment is needed to leverage investments and public partnerships to promote agritourism and its’ value chains, improve agricultural productivity and to scale up local sourcing. A survey instrument was developed and ten (10) countries were selected primarily on the basis of the performance of their agriculture and tourism sectors to participate in the survey. In order to ensure the unbiased and fair selection of these countries for this study, World Bank statistics were used to determine those Caribbean nations with the highest levels of performance in both agriculture and tourism. A Weighted Agri-Tourism Performance Index was created to be used as an indicator of a country’s potential to develop a viable agritourism sector. The 10 countries with the highest ranks on the index are: Grenada, St. Lucia, St. Vincent & the Grenadines, Belize, Jamaica, Barbados, Antigua & Barbuda, St. Kitts & Nevis, The Bahamas and Suriname. It should be noted that none of these countries have existing agritourism policies. Six countries were then proposed to receive support from CTA and IICA to develop their agritourism sectors. They were selected based on their ongoing initiatives in agritourism as well as the relevant supporting policies which are in place and the institutions which support the development of the sector. They are: Grenada, Jamaica, Barbados, St. Lucia, Suriname and St. Vincent & the Grenadines. Recommendations for key areas of focus in the development of agritourism policies for these 6 countries were also ii made. Common issues which need to be addressed under policy include: the quantity, quality and consistency of supply of produce to hotels and restaurants; timely payment to farmers and suppliers of food; the sustainable management of agricultural lands; and the development of marketing information systems. Four additional countries are also highlighted for recommendation on future projects. They are: Dominica, Haiti, Trinidad & Tobago and Guyana. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF ACRONYMS …………………………………………………………………………………………………...…v INTRODUCTION……………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 1 ANALYSIS OF TOURISM AND AGRICULTURE SECTORS…………………………………………………….2 1.1Description of Indicators………………………………………………………………………………….2 1.2 Mapping of Selected Countries ………………………………………………………………………5 1.2.1 Grenada ………………………………………………………………………………………………………5 1.2.2 St. Lucia……………………………………………………………………………………………………….8 1.2.3 St. Vincent & the Grenadines………………………………………………………………………10 1.2.4 Jamaica…………………………………………………………………………………………………….12 1.2.5 Barbados…………………………………………………………………………………………………15 1.2.6 Belize………………………………………………………………………………………………………17 1.2.7 St. Kitts & Nevis …………………………………………………………………………………………19 1.2.8 Antigua & Barbuda ……………………………………………………………………………………21 1.2.9 The Bahamas………….………………………………………………………………………………….22 1.2.10 Suriname…………………………………………………………………………………………………25 RECOMENDATIONS FOR ACTION …………………………………………………………………………………27 COUNTRIES FOR FUTURE RECOMMENDATION 2.1 Dominica……………………………………………………………………………………………………31 2.2 Trinidad & Tobago………………………………………………………………………………………32 2.3 Guyana………………………………………………………………………………………………………33 2.4 Haiti…………………………………………………………………………………………………………34 ANNEX 1……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………36 ANNEX 2…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….40 ANNEX 3…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….41 iv LIST OF ACRONYMS ABIS Agriculture Business Information System APP Agricultural Policy Programme ATLP Agro-Tourism Linkages Programme BASIS Barbados Agricultural Statistical Information Service BHTA Barbados Hotel and Tourism Association BIDC Barbados Investment & Development Corporation BMA Barbados Manufacturers Association BMDC Belize Marketing and Development Corporation BTMI Barbados Tourism Marketing Inc. BTPA Barbados Tourism Product Authority CAHFSA Caribbean Health and Food Safety Agency CARICOM Caribbean Community CDB Caribbean Development Bank CET Common External Tariff CHTA Caribbean Hotel and Tourism Association CJCC Caribbean Junior Culinary Competition COTED The Council for Trade and Economic Development CPF Country Programming Framework CTA Technical Centre for Agriculture and Rural Cooperation CTO Caribbean Tourism Organization DOAM Dominica Organic Agriculture Movement EU European Union GDP Gross Domestic Product GRENROP Grenada Network of Rural Women Producers IICA Inter American Institute for Cooperation on Agriculture JHTA Jamaica Hotel and Tourist Association JAS Jamaica Agricultural Society v JNRWP Jamaica Network of Rural Women Producers MAFS Ministry of Agriculture and Food Security MALFFE Ministry of Agriculture, Lands, Forestry, Fisheries and the Environment MICAF Ministry of Industry, Commerce, Agriculture & Fisheries MIF Multilateral Investment Fund NAP National Agriculture Policy NICHE Nevis International Culinary Heritage Exposition OECS Organization of Eastern Caribbean States PIR Productive Import Relief RADA Rural Agricultural Development Authority SLHTA St. Lucia Hotel and Tourism Association TPDCo Tourism Product Development Company VACH Virtual Agricultural Clearing House WB World Bank WPI Weighted Performance Index WTTC World Travel and Tourism Council vi INTRODUCTION The countries of the Caribbean have traditionally been agriculturally based economies, built on the export of sugar, bananas, coffee, cocoa, rice and citrus. Since the 1970’s, the contribution of agriculture to the economic output of most Caribbean nations has significantly declined, with the exception of Guyana, Belize, Dominica, Jamaica and St. Vincent & the Grenadines. With the rise of globalization and the removal of preferential trading agreements, Caribbean agriculture has found it challenging to remain competitive in both domestic and export markets. This lack of competitiveness has resulted in a continuous increase of food imports into the region. Furthermore, the replacement of agriculture by tourism as a major income earner for several Caribbean countries, has accentuated the level of food imports entering the region, as hotels and restaurants have intentionally crafted dishes which are reflective of European and North American cuisine. This practice has resulted in significant leakages of tourist expenditure from Caribbean economies. Some studies have reported that leakages have been as high as 75% in some Caribbean nations. However, it must be noted that this high level of leakages is not sole attributed to food production. Statistics such as these indicate that urgent attention needs to be paid to role of the tourism sector in developing the region and ensuring that the gains received are fairly distributed among the various communities across the Caribbean. This need has been recognized and attempts are being made to address it through the diversification of Caribbean economies into agritourism. Organizations such as the CTA and IICA have continued to provide support to the development of the agritourism sector and this study represents a continuation of these efforts. As the traditional tourism product offering of sun, sea and sand has become more widely available worldwide, the need to diversify the tourism product of the Caribbean has been recognized with many countries offering a variety of options from eco-tourism to heritage and culinary tourism. Agri-tourism is also being offered and it has emerged as not only a means of diversifying the tourism product but also providing an opportunity to increase farmers’ incomes, enhance the livelihoods of rural communities and to promote food tourism and local gastronomy. As agritourism continues to develop, the necessary policies need to be developed and enacted to guide and assist actors in the sector as it continues to grow. This study has the primary objective of mapping the existing intersectoral linkages between agriculture and tourism in the Caribbean region and identifying where the creation of an enabling policy environment is needed
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