Delivering Transformative Impacts on the Ground

Ministry of Environment and Tourism

Delivering transformative impacts on the ground

Contribution of projects mobilized through the Ministry of Environment and Tourism from 2014-2019 1 2 MESSAGE FROM THE MINISTER 4 ABOUT THIS REPORT 5 1. INTRODUCTION 6 2. LEVERAGING MAJOR ENVIRONMENT-RELATED FINANCING WINDOWS 7 3. OVERVIEW OF FUNDS MOBILISED 9 4. DELIVERING TRANSFORMATIVE IMPACTS 10 4.1 CONSERVATION AND SUSTAINABLE UTILIZATION OF WILDLIFE 11 Intensifying the fight against poaching and wildlife crime 11 Supporting communities to mitigate human wildlife conflict 13 Enhancing infrastructure in national parks 13 Improving management effectiveness of national parks 13 4.2 CLIMATE RESILIENT AGRICULTURE 13 Establishment of a Centre of Excellence for climate resilient agriculture 13 Testing conservation agriculture technologies 14 Strengthening the adaptive capacity of communal farmers to climate change 14 Insuring communal farmers against drought in northeastern Namibia 14 Piloting hydroponic fodder production 15 Micro-Drip Irrigation (MDI) Gardens for vegetable production with climate smart technologies specifically for water-saving purposes 15 Use of Earth Dams and Traditional Wells 17 4.3 ENHANCING WATER SECURITY DURING THE TIME OF DROUGHT 17 Desalination Plants in the //Kharas Region 17 Taking urgent action to mitigate the drought in Ohangwena Region 18 Conservancies in Kunene Region 20 Uukwaluudhi Conservancy in Omusati Region 21 4.4 USE OF RENEWABLE ENERGY TO POWER INFRASTRUCTURE IN COMMUNAL CONSERVANCIES 22 4.5 BUILDING THE CAPACITY OF NAMIBIANS 22 5. MOVING FORWARD 23 ANNEX I: NATIONAL TARGETS FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF THE RIO CONVENTIONS 24 Contents ANNEX II: TABLE OF DONOR-FUNDED PROJECTS MOBILIZED THROUGH THE MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND TOURISM AND ENVIRONMENTAL INVESTMENT FUND OVER THE PAST FIVE YEARS 27

3 In spite of Namibia’s classification as a middle income Another major impetus has been investment into country, the Ministry of Environment and Tourism and climate-friendly infrastructure, particularly in protected the Environmental Investment Fund of Namibia have areas, communal conservancies and community forests. been hugely successful in mobilizing resources through Solar-powered boreholes and the use of desalination both multilateral financing mechanisms and bilateral technologies have been found to save communities money cooperation. and to supply water to communities, livestock and wildlife in this period of severe drought. These have also been a A total of 12 projects have been mobilized through the central component of efforts to mitigate conflict between Green Climate Fund, Global Environment Facility and humans and wildlife and will leave a lasting legacy for the Adaptation Fund over the past 5 years with an overall years to come. value of N$1.21 billion at the 2019 exchange rate. These projects cover the areas of biodiversity conservation, Last but by no means least, it is pleasing to note that all climate change adaptation and mitigation and combating of these projects have been evaluated and audited and land degradation. have been found to be implemented satisfactorily or better. What’s more is that the projects have served to enhance the In terms of bilateral cooperation, five projects are under capacity of Namibians charged with their implementation implementation or have been implemented with support – particularly in the fields of project management, from the German Government worth N$665.6 million at administration and finance, communications, monitoring the 2019 exchange rate. These projects are implemented in and evaluation among others. Pohamba Shifeta, MP partnership with GIZ and the German Development Bank Minister of Environment and Tourism (KfW). I would like to take this opportunity to thank all of the donor agencies and countries that have provided These projects have been designed mainly to pilot and support to Namibia’s efforts to implement the various demonstrate new innovations and technologies as Namibia multilateral environmental agreements and I assure you Message increases its efforts to mitigate and adapt to climate change, of Namibia’s commitment in tackling these pressing global halt biodiversity loss and combat land degradation and environmental challenges. from the desertification. Particularly prominent have been new approaches to agriculture such as hydroponics, community gardens based on conservation agriculture and drip Minister irrigation, fodder production as well as water harvesting.

4 This report outlines the main projects that have been the innovations and technologies demonstrated in these About this mobilized from multilateral and bilateral sources through projects are absorbed and upscaled by Government and the Ministry of Environment and Tourism and the other stakeholders. Environmental Investment Fund of Namibia over the Report period 2014-2019.

More importantly the report details the significant impacts these projects have had in terms of contributing to rural development and livelihood improvement throughout Teofilus Nghitila Namibia during a time when the country has been seriously Executive Director affected by consecutive and severe drought events. This is the future we can expect as the devastating impacts of climate change manifests itself in this part of the world.

Faced with this challenge, we firstly need to pilot and demonstrate new innovations and technologies that make our communities more resilient to climate change and other pressing environment-related problems such as water insecurity, human wildlife conflict and poaching. This report documents these innovations and technologies and their impacts.

As the National Designated Authority and focal Ministry to various multilateral funding mechanisms, the Ministry of Environment and Tourism will continue to coordinate the development and submission of project proposals to access funding from various multilateral and bilateral windows. It will furthermore continue to ensure that these projects have a positive impact on both the current and future generations of Namibians and do its utmost to ensure that

5 1 2 3 4

Environmental issues are highly cross-cutting and Each of the multilateral environmental agreements contain Introduction have emerged as one of the critical challenges facing provisions related to financial resources, technology mankind today. Environmental issues are at the center of transfer, and capacity development in line with principle the Sustainable Development Goals and a wide variety 7 of the Rio Declaration on common but differentiated of multilateral environmental agreements have been responsibilities for environmental degradation. Namibia has established to focus international efforts on tackling these sought to capitalize on these provisions and the dedicated issues. financial mechanisms that have been established to tackle the planet’s most pressing environmental problems. These multilateral environmental agreements include amongst others: This is fully in line with the actions and strategies under the Harambee Prosperity Plan, including the mobilisation i. United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity of support from the international community for the war ii. United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification against poverty and acquiring funding to finance Namibia’s iii. United Nations Framework Convention on Climate climate change and renewable energy mix efforts. Change iv. Convention on International Trade in Endangered Namibia’s successes in mobilizing resources are presented Species in this publication as are some of the main impacts from v. Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic the implementation of these projects. Pollutants vi. Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal vii. Minamata Convention on Mercury

Namibia has ratified each of these agreements and is commonly recognized as one of the most active developing countries in their implementation. It has designed specific action plans and strategies for their national level implementation and has linked their implementation to the reduction of poverty, ensuring food security and achieving 1 Examples of national level targets developed to sustained economic growth and sustainable development. implement each of the Rio Conventions are presented in Annex I.

6 Leveraging major environment- related financing windows

Overview of projects mobilized and implemented in As the National Designated Authority and focal Ministry to Namibia through the Global Environment Facility the majority of multilateral environment-related financing (Source: https://www.thegef.org/country/namibia). windows, the Ministry of Environment and Tourism has played a major role in coordinating the development and submission of project proposals to access funding from these multilateral windows. The Environmental Investment Fund also became one of the first accredited entities to the Green Climate Fund in 2016 and is playing a major role in mobilizing funding through this window.

7 The key dedicated multilateral financial mechanisms was recognized as an accredited entity to the GCF in and transfrontier conservation areas (TFCAs) such as the include: 2016 and is therefore eligible to access funding under this Kavango Zambezi (KAZA) TFCA, which are also important important window. vehicles for attracting funding. The Global Environmental Facility (GEF), which was established in 1992 and assists developing countries Other smaller financing mechanisms include the in protecting the global environment in the areas of Adaptation Fund under the Kyoto Protocol of the UN biodiversity, climate change, international waters, Framework Convention on Climate Change to help chemicals management and land degradation. It provides vulnerable communities adapt to climate change and the grant and financing to countries to undertake sustainable Global Mechanism established under the Convention development activities that generate global benefits, where to Combat Desertification, which aims to promote the the cost of doing so exceeds the national benefits. mobilization and channeling of financial resources to countries affected by desertification. Namibia had its first Since its establishment, Namibia has been able to mobilize project under the Adaptation Fund approved in 2017 and and implement approximately 70 national and regional has also benefitted from small scale projects and capacity projects through the GEF worth approximately US$525.26 building on issues such as land degradation neutrality million. through the Global Mechanism.

The Green Climate Fund (GCF) is a new global fund In addition to these dedicated financing mechanisms, established in 2010 to support the efforts of developing the implementation of the multilateral environmental countries to respond to the challenge of climate change. agreements and contributing to achieving their global The GCF helps developing countries limit or reduce targets and objectives is also at the heart of bilateral and their greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and adapt to regional cooperation on environmental issues with many climate change. It seeks to promote a paradigm shift to partners such as Germany, India and the European Union low-emission and climate-resilient development, taking amongst others. into account the needs of nations that are particularly vulnerable to climate change impacts. When the Paris Namibia has also ratified a number of protocols at the Agreement was reached in 2015, the GCF was given an SADC level including on environmental management, important role in serving the agreement and supporting wildlife conservation and law enforcement and shared the goal of keeping climate change well below 2 degrees watercourses. These have led to the establishment of Celsius. The Environmental Investment Fund of Namibia regional bodies such as the Benguela Current Commission

8 This section presents an overview of the projects As part of the bilateral cooperation funding, one credit Overview implemented or under implementation during the period facility worth N$734.1 million at the current exchange 2014-2019. rate has been established through the Environmental of funds Investment Fund, in collaboration with the French In summary, a total of 12 projects have been mobilized Development Agency, to support entrepreneurs in the mobilised from multilateral sources over the past 5 years with an areas of renewable energy, sustainable agriculture and overall value of N$1.21 billion at the 2019 exchange rate. tourism development. It should be noted that these The Ministry of Environment and Tourism has mobilized funds are availed directly to commercial banks (as a loan) seven of these projects worth a total of N$568.6 million while these banks offer loans in turn to entrepreneurs at while the Environmental Investment Fund has mobilized concessional rates. four of these projects funded through the Green Climate Fund and worth a total of approximately N$575.1 million. These projects are summarized in the table below:

Financing Mechanism No. of Projects Value (US$ million) Value (N$ million)2 Global Environment 7 39.05 574.4 Facility Green Climate Fund 4 39.1 575.1 Adaptation Fund 1 4.1 60.3 Total 11 77.75 1.21 (billion)

In terms of bilateral cooperation, a total of approximately N$1.4 billion has been mobilized. Of this, five projects have been mobilized with support from the German Government worth N$665.6 million at the current exchange rate. These projects are implemented in partnership with GIZ and the

2 Based on the current exchange rate (2019). German Development Bank (KfW).

9 The projects summarized in Annex II have mainly the soon to be implemented NILALEG Project while the Delivering targeted communities residing in communal areas as this provision of water through alternative means has been is where the socio-economic needs are greatest. Protected undertaken throughout the country by a range of projects. transforma- areas, communal conservancies and community forests throughout the country have been mainly supported The mode of intervention has differed between projects but tive impacts by projects such as NamParks IV and V, PASS Project, it is important to note that almost each project has resulted NAMPLACE, NAFOLA, CBNRM EDA and the CBNRM in lasting investments that are intended to enhance the MET-GIZ Project. The northern communal areas have been resilience of beneficiaries to climate change and other the main target of climate resilient agriculture interventions environment-related challenges. that have been pioneered through the CRAVE, SCORE and The CBNRM EDA Project has pioneered the approach of handing over grants directly to communal conservancies and community forests for them to implement projects mainly aimed at climate proofing infrastructure development. In June 2018, a total of 19 grants projects worth N$86 million were handed over to communal conservancies in eight (8) regions, namely Kunene, Kavango East, Kavango West, Zambezi, Omusati, Otjozondjupa, Oshikoto and Ohangwena. A second call for proposals from communal conservancies for the CBNRM EDA facility was advertised in 2019.

Map showing the coverage of protected areas, communal conservancies and community forests in Namibia.

10 The impacts of the projects are broken down according to • Operationalization and development of anti-poaching the following broad areas of support: flycamps in protected areas and conservancies; and • Development and operationalization of a state-of-the • Conservation and sustainable utilization of wildlife art anti-poaching command centre in Etosha Park. • Climate resilient agriculture • Enhancing water security in the time of drought The involvement of communities and the general public • Use of renewable energy to power infrastructure in in the prevention of wildlife crime is key and the PASS communal conservancies Project provided particular support to the development • Building the capacities of Namibians in environmental and implementation of a public anti-poaching awareness- management raising campaign.

Hon. Pohamba Shifeta (Minister of Environment and Tourism) and 4.1 Conservation and Sustainable Mr. Benedict Libanda (CEO of the Environmental Investment Fund) Utilization of Wildlife handing over the grant to the Chairpersons of the Doro !Nawas, #Khoadi //Hoas and Khoro !Goreb conservancies. Intensifying the fight against poaching and wildlife crime Faced by an increasingly sophisticated poaching threat over recent years, the Ministry has identified the need to step up the use of technologies and innovative approaches for the better surveillance and detection of poaching activities. The following important interventions were made in support of anti-poaching operations:

• Construction of the Law Enforcement Training Centre at Waterberg Plateau National Park, which provides Director of Wildlife and National Parks, Mr. Colgar for ongoing, incremental training and capacity Sikopo, at one of the six permanent billboards erected at building on innovative approaches and technologies strategic points along national roads to raise awareness to prevent wildlife crime; among Namibians and tourists of the need to stop Law Enforcement Training Center established at Waterberg Plateau Park. poaching and the importance of reporting wildlife crime.

11 Supporting communities to mitigate human wildlife conflict Human wildlife conflict has emerged as a major challenge, particularly in the north-western and north-eastern regions. Considerable work has been undertaken to research and monitor animal movements and a number of interesting technologies have been deployed to lessen the impact of wild animals on communities in hotspot areas. This has been accompanied by substantive investment in infrastructure to provide alternative water sources for wild animals and to protect community water points from damages associated with elephants.

i. Construction of 11 predator proof kraals in conservancies in the Kunene Examples of technology and Region. equipment used in anti poaching ii. Collaring of 12 elephants and 15 lions was undertaken in hotspot areas operations – amphibious (all to understand and track the movements of these animals as part of early terrain) vehicle, satellite phones warning and rapid response system for human wildlife conflict. and metal detector for crime scene iii. Handover of 13 grain storage containers to communities in Ohangwena investigation. Region. iv. Construction of elephant dams and rehabilitation of boreholes at 7 conservancies in Kunene Region, three conservancies in Erongo Region and three conservancies in Kavango East Region. v. Production of chili bombs to deter elephants in NC Regions.

Example of predator-proof kraal constructed at Torra Conservancy in the Kunene Region.

12 Enhancing infrastructure in national parks 4.2 Climate Resilient Agriculture Namibia’s national parks are a key tourism attraction and the provision of high quality infrastructure in national Establishment of a Centre of Excellence for climate parks has been a key focus area to safeguard biodiversity, resilient agriculture improve management effectiveness and to enhance the The Mashare Agricultural Development Institute (MADI) tourist experience in national parks. This has included in Kavango East Region has been transformed into a substantive investment into park fencing, entrance gates, climate resilience center of excellence for the training of reception areas and offices, signage, housing and roads. small scale farmers on alternative farming practices and sustainable agriculture development. The upgrade is Improving management effectiveness of national expected to be finalized by December 2019 and a five-year parks Strategic Plan (2018-2022) is targeting to train over 3,000 Managing national parks according to management plans farmers per annum. is an important method of safeguarding biodiversity and in guiding the sustainable development of tourism- The MADI also demonstrates how the use of solar panels related activities in national parks. Different projects have and other alternative energy technologies can deliver Example of predator-proof kraal constructed at Torra Conservancy in the supported the development of management plans for considerable savings to farmers. A 150-kiloWatt solar Kunene Region. a number of national parks including the Tsau //Khaeb photovoltaic combined 380x130kw system was installed National Park, the north-eastern Parks, Dorob National and provides 100% of the Centre’s electricity needs. The Park, Skeleton Coast and Namib-Naukluft Park. solar system is expected to last more than 30 years and the center is also feeding electricity into the grid.

The former Luderitz Post Office which has been renovated and is now the Construction of new entrance gate to the Bwabwata National Park. headquarters of the Tsau //Khaeb (Sperrgebiet) National Park.

13 Implementation of Conservation Agriculture Conservation agriculture has emerged as a key practice A total of 105 farmers (55 females and 50 males) have been for climate resilient agriculture in communal areas, trained on activities including tractor operations, weeding, that has been strongly supported through the SCORE de-stumping, fencing, bird scaring and preparation for and CRAVE Projects. Under the SCORE Project, ripping irrigation sites. services were provided to 1,297 smallholder farmers who directly benefited comprising of 796 females and 501 males. In addition, a total of 7,028 household members Strengthening the adaptive capacity of communal (3,545 females and 3,483 males) indirectly benefited from farmers to climate change the ripping services provided during the project life span. Given the increasingly severe and frequent drought events Technical support and mentorship activities were carried being experienced, small-scale horticulture farmers (SSHFs) out to encourage the adoption of conservation agriculture are particularly vulnerable and need to be supported to by smallholder farmers. adopt more climate resilient agricultural practices.

To support the farmers cropping practices and the adoption Under the CRAVE Project, a total of 550 (340 females 380x130kw PV Solar Panels installed at Mashare Agricultural of comprehensive conservation agriculture and climate and 210 males) SSHFs from the three regions of Kavango Development Institute (MADI). resilient agricultural practices for food production, process West, East and Zambezi were mentored and trained on and storage, a total of 12 tractors and 12 rippers were conservation agriculture practices including compost procured under the CRAVE Project and used in Kavango making, manure application, pest and disease control as East and Kavango West Regions for rain-fed production well as handling and transportation of produces. during the 2018/19 rainy season. A total of 177ha was covered with 100 (70 females and 30 males) small scale The provision of inputs and technologies to enhance rain fed farmer beneficiaries. A total of 208 (126 females production were also provided to farmers. A total of 13.5kg and 82 males) jobs created as tractor operators and through of vegetable seed varieties and 3,500kg of organic fertiliser Youth Weeding Groups and bird scaring. were distributed to all regions and benefited 305 (183 female and 122 male) SSHFs in Kavango East, Kavango Under the CRAVE Project, demonstration sites covering 150 West and Zambezi Regions. 550 farmers benefited from ha were also established for the promotion of exchanges sets of garden tools consisting of watering cans, rakes, and participation of 600 farmers that were linked to the spades, hand hoes, hand forks, knapsack guns. Mahangu production through conservation agriculture techniques at a demonstration sites for the seed multiplication and crop rain-fed beneficiary site in Kavango East Region. diversification and intercropping.

14 Insuring communal farmers against drought in northeastern Namibia A micro-crop insurance scheme to protect SSHFs was established on 5,100ha of farm land. The CIS Protocol is a risk-based management approach that focus on firstly increasing the yield and then through management and insurance to increase the resilience of farmers in the scheme. The scheme allowed reinsurance companies such as Holland through Africanre and Namibre to expand their coverage portfolio to the small-scale crop farmers without increasing their default risk. The crop insurance scheme includes potential insurance products that is applied effectively to ensure adequate risk coverage for small-scale farmers. During the pilot phase a total of 81 farmers were involved in the pilot scheme and this will determine the feasibility and efficacy of implementing Distribution of vegetable seed varieties and garden tools to Kavango West potential insurance products in Namibia. Indications so Maize production under Crop insurance. SSHFs during 2018 World Food Day. far are that the insurance scheme provided a cushion to 81 farmers and allowed them to get 750kg of household food consumption as part of the payout. Summary of project Impacts • 2,200 hectares under a sustainable rangeland Piloting hydroponic fodder production management system. The Ehirovipuka Conservancy, in the severely drought- • 6,500 beneficiaries (350 direct and 6,150 indirect) hit Kunene Region, received a grant of N$4.5 million from that will benefit from a subsidized supply of fodder. the CBNRM EDA Project to establish a fodder production • Use of solar panels to power the hydroponics system using hydroponics. The project is being undertaken system which will result in 85% less CO2 in partnership with the Namibia University of Science and emissions compared to convention systems. Technology and seeks to ensure food security for the affected • Additional income to the conservancy from the households and provide alternative feed for livestock so that sale of the fodder produced. they are resilient to the ongoing drought. • Creation of 5 permanent jobs to manage the fodder Woman tending to a vegetable garden established under the SCORE Project production through the hydroponics system. in northern Namibia.

15 Micro-Drip Irrigation (MDI) Gardens for vegetable such as MDI system gardens, tree planting and conservation production with climate smart technologies specifically agriculture. Smallholder farmers were also trained on the for water-saving purposes proper use and maintenance of MDI systems. Under the SCORE Project, a total of 222 MDI gardens were established and this comprised of 641 female and 386 Use of Earth Dams and Traditional Wells male smallholder farmers who directly benefited from Five earth dams were constructed through the SCORE the MDI gardens. At individual levels, 106 female and 66 Project for use by 13,212 female and 8,292 male beneficiaries. males smallholder farmers directly benefited from the MDI Dimension wise, 4 of these earth dams were 60m (length) gardens as well as 748 household members (409 females x 60 (width) x 3m (depth) and 1 was 120m (length) x 100 and 339 males). (width) x 8m (depth). Furthermore 12 traditional wells were also restored for use by 2,136 female and 1,981 male beneficiaries. In addition, 62 MDI gardens were also established in various schools in the project sites. This was done to promote adoption of climate change adaptation practices at Laying the foundations for a micro drip irrigation garden. institutional levels, and to ensure that vulnerable children in the schools were targeted. In this case, a total population of 13,893 in which 7,025 female and 6,848 male learners benefited from these MDI gardens. Regular monitoring visits to MDI gardens were carried out to ensure that the gardens are well maintained.

About 229 farmers were trained on fresh vegetable production during the life span of the SCORE Prject, of which 161 were female and 83 were male. The training sessions were aimed at developing an understanding of the benefits and challenges associated with fresh vegetable production in a changing climate with more emphasis on Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) focusing on garden establishment, Vegetable production under micro drip irrigation in Kavango East. MDI, Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) and conservation agriculture. The SCORE project continuously worked to empower and capacitate beneficiaries on CSA practices

16 4.3 Enhancing Water Security during the time of drought

Desalination Plants in the //Kharas Region Many communities in smaller towns and villages in rural Namibia are faced by the twin challenges of saline groundwater and lack of connectivity to the electricity grid. A project to develop pilot rural desalination plants using renewable power and membrane technology was approved by the Adaptation Fund in 2017 as a means to address these challenges at the Grünau settlement and the Bethanie village, located in //Kharas region.

This approximately N$60.3 million project aims to assist the treatment of poor local ground water quality to a level that complies with the national standards for drinking water using sun and wind energy to power the process known as reverse osmosis. To date, the Environmental Impact Assessments were carried out for both plants.

Summary of Project impacts: • Previously unusable water made available to 3,478 people in Grünau settlement and Bethanie village. • Lower water tariffs – estimated cost of N$0.39 per m3 of desalinated water compared to the current cost of N$1.04 per m3. • Reduced CO2 emissions from conventional water generation methods. • Employment creation in the construction and operation of the plants. Installation of the hydroponic fodder production system at Ehirovipuka Conservancy.

17 Taking urgent action to mitigate the drought in Ohangwena Region In response to the state of emergency that was declared on drought in 2019, the supply of water to the Epembe, Oshikunde and Omundaungilo constituencies in the Ohangwena region was identified as a critical priority. An assessment indicated that:

• Most of the standard boreholes in the area (150 m) have poor water quality (high fluoride content and mostly not suitable for human consumption). • New boreholes to be drilled should target the deep aquifer (350 m), which has better water quality. • Drilling of new boreholes to tap into the deep aquifer (350 m), although recommended, would require substantial amount of money and will take time (2 – 3 Communities forced to rely on hand-dug wells at Ohakafiya in Epembe months) before the community get water. Constituency due to the drought. Given the dire situation and the state of emergency, the following actions were undertaken:

• An existing monitoring borehole (WWW201636) was converted to a water supply borehole, for immediate impact and water supply to the affected communities. • The borehole, located in the Epembe constituency but in close proximity to the Oshikunde and Omundaungilo constituencies, was then used to supply to all 3 constituencies, within a buffer of about 10 km radius. • The recommended borehole has a high yield > 12m3/ hour and the water quality is very good (category B) and a strong solar system (heavy duty) was installed to supply as many villages in the vicinity and Erection of solar panel stand and installation of the panels for the borehole. surrounding areas of the borehole.

18 Map showing how the converted borehole provided water to the adjacent villages through a phased approach.

19 Borehole rehabilitated with solar Conservancies in Kunene Region panels, water tank, elephant protection wall and elephant tank Under the CBNRM EDA Project, a grant of N$5.1 million at Makalani Pos Water Point in was awarded to a cluster of three conservancies to #Khoadi //Hoas conservancy. rehabilitate 12 boreholes in three conservancies. The aim of this project is to introduce carbon neutral environmentally friendly water pumping and storing facilities and to promote the adoption of drought resilient indigenous livestock production systems.

This project is implemented in the Doro !Nawas, #Khoadi //Hoas and Khoro !Goreb conservancies. These conservancies are located in the Kunene Region, which is one of the hardest hit regions by the ongoing drought and is also prone to a high number of cases of human wildlife conflict. The new solar-powered boreholes are expected to benefit 32,200 people and provide water for human consumption, wildlife (including elephants) and for backyard gardens and poultry farming.

The rehabilitation of four boreholes in #Khoadi //Hoas was completed.

Summary of Impacts in #Khoadi //Hoas • 18,000 beneficiaries of a sustainable and reliable water source for human consumption and gardening. • Rehabilitation of the boreholes created 14 jobs, 8 0f which were for females. • Establishment of a self regulating water flow valve for wildlife drinking troughs linked to the boreholes

20 Uukwaluudhi Conservancy in Omusati Region

The Uukwaludhi Conservancy, located in Omusati Region, received grant funding worth over N$4 million from the CBNRM EDA Project to rehabilitate 16 boreholes by de- installing diesel generators and retrofitting them with solar panels and solar pumps.

Summary of project impacts • Access to water (total yield of 65m3/h) for an estimated 35,000 people, 8,000 cattle and 150 elephants. • Monthly savings of approximately N$185,340 that was previously spent by communities to power the diesel generators at all 16 water points. • Expected reduction in instances of human wildlife conflict in a severely affected area (80 cases per year in 2017). • Creation of the 32 jobs to rehabilitate the boreholes.

Example of rehabilitated and elephant-protected borehole in the Uukwaludhi Conservancy.

21 4.4 Use of renewable energy to power infrastructure in communal conservancies

A total of almost N$21 million was handed over to George Mukoya and Muduvu Nyangana conservancies, Sorri Sorris Conservancy, Sheya Shuushona Conservancy and Omatendeka Conservancy to establish four solar power plants with a minimum capacity of 100KW to power lodges, campsites and other enterprise development activities. It is expected that all of these solar plants will be operational by February 2020.

Of these, the Sorri Sorris Conservancy in Kunene Region is most advanced having installed 216 solar panels for a plant with a 100 KW capacity.

Summary of impacts from the Sorri-Sorris solar plant • Provision of clean electricity to more than 9,200 people. • Generation of approximately N$720,000 per year by the conservancy from selling electricity. • 25 jobs were created through this project and 4 women have been trained View of the solar plant established at Sorri Sorris Conservancy to operate and maintain the solar plant. • Reduction of emissions and financial savings from diesel generators previously used. 4.5 Building the capacity of Namibians and coordination; administration and finance; monitoring and evaluation; communications; as well as research and The Ministry of Environment and Tourism is committed proposal writing. This has resulted in the development of to ensuring that donor-funded projects are managed and a considerable pool of expertise in Namibia in these fields. executed by young qualified Namibian professionals. It is estimated that a total of 80 Namibian graduates have The execution of the projects also stimulates economic been directly involved in the mobilization and execution activity and creates indirect employment for a wide variety of the projects detailed in this publication. This covers a of local consultants and service providers. wide range of functions including project management

22 As the National Designated Authority and focal Ministry to The Ministry of Environment and Tourism is committed Moving various multilateral funding mechanisms, the Ministry of to ensuring that all projects have a positive impact on the Environment and Tourism will continue to coordinate the livelihoods of Namibians on-the-ground as well as the Forward development and submission of project proposals to access sustainability of the environment for the current and future funding from various multilateral and bilateral windows. generations.

Environmental issues, particularly climate change, biodiversity conservation and land degradation, are inherently multi-faceted and cross-sectoral in nature. The development of proposals and projects therefore needs to be an inclusive process that identifies transformative areas of opportunities in sectors such as agriculture and land management, wildlife conservation, forestry, energy and water provision, fisheries and the marine environment.

The projects that are mobilized through multilateral and bilateral sources are also usually implemented over a short time frame of around five years. In spite of this, the technologies and innovations that are demonstrated in projects are highly significant and often need to be promoted, absorbed and upscaled through the different line sectors. It is important that these projects also contribute to changing the mindset of people as this is often the key to livelihood transformation. The urgency of climate change alone commands that new ways of doing things are promoted, adopted and embraced.

23 Annex I: National Targets for implementation of the Rio Conventions

Table 1: Namibia’s national targets in terms of its Intended Nationally Determined Contribution under the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change.

24 1. Reforestation with local species of 1,380 ha Table 2: Land Degradation Neutrality (LDN) targets for 2030/40 in terms of 2. Increase productivity of 41,430 ha of forest land the UN Convention to Combat Desertification and in pursuit of target 15.3 3. Increase productivity of 10 million ha of grass and shrublands of the Sustainable Development Goals. 4. Increase productivity of 1.5 million ha of cropland 5. Reduce bush encroachment in 1.9 Mill ha 6. Maintain current Soil Organic Carbon levels > 14 t/ha

NBSAP2 Goals and Targets Lead GRN Agencies Strategic Goal A: Address the underlying causes of biodiversity loss by mainstreaming biodiversity across government and society 1. By 2020, at least 75% of surveyed key target groups know the meaning of biodiversity and can identify important reasons for MET biodiversity conservation 2. By 2018, biodiversity values and prioritized ecosystem services are quantified, monitored and mainstreamed to support national MET and sectoral policy-making, planning, budgeting and decision-making frameworks 3. By 2018, selected incentives for biodiversity conservation and sustainable use are in place and applied, and the most harmful MET and MoF subsidies are identified and their phase out is initiated Strategic Goal B: Reduce direct pressures on biodiversity and promote the sustainable use of biological resources 4. By 2022, the rate of loss and degradation of natural habitats outside protected areas serving as ecological corridors or containing MLR / MET key biodiversity areas or providing important ecosystem services is minimized through integrated land use planning 5. By 2022, all living marine and aquatic resources are managed sustainably and guided by the ecosystem approach MFMR 6. By 2022, Principles of sound rangeland and sustainable forest management, and good environmental practices in agriculture are MAWF applied on at least 50 per cent of all relevant areas 7. By 2022, pollution, including from excess nutrients, has been brought to levels that are not detrimental to biodiversity and eco- MET system health and functioning 8. By 2015, National review of invasive alien species in Namibia from 2004 is updated (including identification of pathways), and by MET 2018, priority measures are in place to control and manage their impact 9. By 2016, ecosystems most vulnerable to climate change and their anthropogenic pressures are identified, and by 2018, appropri- MET ate adaptation measures are developed and implemented in priority areas

25 NBSAP2 Goals and Targets Lead GRN Agencies Strategic Goal C: Improve the status of biodiversity by safeguarding ecosystems, species and genetic diversity 10. By 2018, existing terrestrial protected areas (national parks) are conserved, effectively and equitably managed, within an ecolog- MET / MFMR ically representative and well-connected system, and by 2020, coastal and marine areas, of particular importance to biodiversity and ecosystem services, are identified and measures for their protection initiated 11. By 2016, threatened and vulnerable species lists are updated and measures implemented by 2019 to improve their conservation MET status 12. By 2020, Genetic diversity of cultivated plants and farmed animals is maintained and enhanced MAWF Strategic Goal D: Enhance the benefits to all from biodiversity and ecosystem services 13. By 2022, ecosystems that provide essential services and contribute to health, livelihoods and well-being are safeguarded, and MAWF / MME / MET restoration programmes have been initiated for degraded ecosystems covering at least 15 per cent of the priority areas 14. By 2015, national legislation giving effect to the Nagoya Protocol is in force and by 2018 fully operational to ensure that benefits MET are fair and equitably shared from the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity Strategic Goal E: Enhance implementation of NBSAP2 through participatory planning, knowledge management and capacity building 15. By 2020, Traditional knowledge and the innovations and practices of indigenous and local communities relevant to the conser- MRLGHRD vation and sustainable use of biodiversity are recognised, respected and promoted 16. By 2022, knowledge, science base and technologies relating to biodiversity and ecosystem management are improved and made MET / MYNSSC / MoE relevant to political decision-makers 17. By 2022, mobilization of financial resources from all sources has been increased compared to the period 2008-2012 to allow for MET / NPC/ MoF the effective implementation of this strategy and action plan

Overview of Namibia’s national targets under the Convention of Biological Diversity.

26 Annex II: Table of donor-funded projects mobilized through the Ministry of Environment and Tourism and Environmental Investment Fund over the past five years

Global Environment Facility Project Name Objective Implementation Status Impacts Funding (US$) Funding (N$) Namibia Protected Landscape Protected Landscape Conservation Areas Implemented from 2011-2016 Five landscape conservation areas established 4.5 million 66.15 million Conservation Areas (NAM- are established and ensure that land uses through MET and the United Na- covering over 35,000km2. PLACE) Project (2011-2016) in areas adjacent to existing Protected tions Development Programme Areas are compatible with biodiversity (UNDP) conservation objectives, and corridors are established to sustain the viability of wildlife populations. Strengthening the capacity of Ensure that the Protected Areas System Implemented from 2014-2018 by Supported improved management of 8 of 4 million 58.8 million the Protected Areas system to of Namibia is strengthened and financed MET and UNDP Namibia’s protected areas and 26 communal address new management chal- sustainably through, improving current conservancies and concession areas. lenges (PASS) Project systems for park entry and revenue Types of interventions included the construc- generation mechanisms, improving law tion of anti-poaching training center at Water- enforcement strategies and mechanisms berg, development of anti-poaching command to address poaching and other wildlife center in Etosha, anti-poaching awareness crimes and improving fire management in campaigns, training in anti poaching best protected areas practices and support to communities in fire management. Scaling up community resilience Strengthen smallholder adaptive capacity Under implementation (2015- Installation of micro drip irrigation systems 3.05 million 44.9 million to climate variability and climate for climate resilient agricultural production 2019) through MET, MAWF and in community gardens and at 54 schools to change in Northern Namibia with practices; implement flood and drought UNDP benefit 10,000 people. a special focus on women and management at community level; main- 80 lead farmers trained in conservation children (SCORE) stream climate change into policies and agriculture practices and 2,000 farmers sup- budgets. ported with access to drought resistant seeds and ripper services. Four earth dams used by 40 villages were restored as well as 6 hand dug wells.

Sustainable Management of Na- Unlock the potential of dryland forests and Under implementation (2014- 13 Community Forests covering over 500,000 4.4 million 64.7 million mibia‘s Forested Lands (NAFOLA) increase their contributions to Namib- 2019) through MAWF and UNDP ha of forest lands being supported through Project ia’s sustainable development objectives wide scale adoption of Sustainable Land Man- through sustainable forest management. agement, Sustainable Forest Management, and other improved technologies

27 Namibia Integrated Land- Pilot an integrated landscape manage- Under implementation since July Expected 20,818 beneficiaries at the commu- 10.8 million 158.9 million scape Approach for enhancing ment approach, reducing poverty through 2019 until June 2025 through MET, nity level in 5 pilot sites supported to combat Livelihoods and Environmental sustainable nature-based livelihoods, MAWF, EIF and UNDP land degradation and to develop nature-based Governance to eradicate poverty protecting and restoring forests as carbon enterprises (NILALEG) sinks, and promoting Land Degradation Neutrality.

Integrated landscape manage- Address threats of land degradation are At full project preparation grant Expected 10,000 beneficiaries at the commu- 6.3 million (expected 92.7 million ment to reverse degradation addressed and implement and mainstream stage. Project document to be nity level in 5 pilot sites supported to combat once approved) and support the sustainable use sustainable land management in Namibia submitted to GEF in March 2020 land degradation and to develop nature-based of natural resources in the Mo- and the region, resulting in land degrada- and implementation expected to enterprises pane-Miombo belt of Northern tion neutrality, livelihood sustainability, commence later in 2020. Namibia climate change resilience and biodiversity To be implemented through conservation. MET, MAWF and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN (FAO).

Integrated approach to the To incentivize wildlife conservation At full project preparation grant Number of expected beneficiaries not yet 6 million (expected once 88.3 million pro-active management of human through the pro-active management of stage. Project document to be known but 3 landscapes with a population of approved) wildlife conflict and wildlife crime human wildlife conflict and wildlife crime submitted to GEF in March 2020 92,000 people adjacent to Etosha, Kunene in hotspot landscapes and generation of wildlife-based benefits and implementation expected to Region and Zambezi region are expected to to rural communities in selected hotspot commence later in 2020. benefit through human wildlife conflict mit- landscapes To be implemented through MET igation measures, community based tourism and UNDP. initiatives as well as anti-poaching operations.

Green Climate Fund Project Name Objective Implementation Status Impacts Funding (US$) Funding (N$) Climate Resilient Agriculture in Reduce rural human population‘s vulner- Under implementation (2017- Estimated 21,000 subsistence farmers sup- US$10 million 147.1 million three of the Vulnerable Extreme ability and food insecurity to climate risks 2022). ported to adopt conservation agriculture and northern crop-growing regions and threats while increasing the adaptive Implemented through EIF. climate resilient agriculture practices (CRAVE) Project. capacity, well-being and resilience of the vulnerable small-scale farming communities in crop production landscapes that are threatened by climate variability and change.

Empower to Adapt: creating Empower rural CBNRM communities to Under implementation (2017- Estimated 76,500 beneficiaries in communal US$10 million 147.1 million Climate-Change Resilient Liveli- respond to climate change in terms of 2022). conservancies and community forests. The hoods through Community-Based awareness, adaptive capacity and low-car- Implemented through EIF. majority of this funding is being donated di- Natural Resource Management in bon rural development. rectly to communities in grants for communi- Namibia (CBNRM EDA) Project. ty level climate change adaptation projects.

28 Improving rangeland and eco- Improving rangeland and the ecosystem Under implementation (2019- Estimated 44,400 smallholder farmers US$10 million 147.1 million system management practices management practices of smallholder 2024). supported to undertake improved range- of smallholder farmers under farmers under the condition of climate Implemented through EIF. land management practices so that they are conditions of climate change in change in Sesfontein, Fransfontein and more resilient to drought impacts in Kunene Sesfontein, Fransfontein, and Warmquelle areas in the Kunene Region. Region. Warmquelle areas.

Building resilience of communi- Contribute to reduction in poverty and Approved by the Green Climate Estimated 216,000 beneficiaries that will be US$9.1 million 133.8 million ties living in landscape threatened inequality through building community re- Fund Board in 2019. served by a grant facility that will support under climate change through an silience to climate change-induced natural To be implemented through EIF. nature-based enterprises and environmental- Eco-systems-based Adaptation disasters, which will ultimately reduce loss ly-sustainable production systems. approach in Namibia. and increase human productivity.

Adaptation Fund Project Name Objective Implementation Status Impacts Funding (US$) Funding (N$) Pilot rural desalination plants Assist the treatment of poor local ground Being implemented from 2018- Communities of Grunau and Bethanie in // US$4.1 million 60.3 million using renewable power and mem- water quality to a level that complies with 2022 through Namwater Kharas Region (combined population of 3,478 brane technology the national standards for drinking water people) to benefit from increased water avail- using sun and wind energy to power the ability through two water desalination plants process known as reverse osmosis in the powered by renewable energy. Grünau settlement and the Bethanie village, //Kharas Region. TOTAL FUNDING FOR PROJECTS SOURCED THROUGH MULTILATERAL WINDOWS 1.21 billion Main Projects sourced through bilateral cooperation

Project Name Objective Implementation Status Impacts Funding (EUR) Funding (N$) Biodiversity Management and Coherent implementation of biodiversity Under implementation from 2017- This project supports mainly legal and policy EUR 5 million 81.6 million Climate Change Project and climate change related policies, strat- 2020 through MET and GIZ frameworks linked to environmental manage- egies and practises by the MET in coopera- ment, biodiversity conservation and climate tion with other Ministries and non-govern- change. mental actors increasingly contributes to diversifying and securing the livelihoods of local users of the natural resources.

Resource Mobilization for Biodi- Improve Namibia’s capacity to mobilise Implementation completed from This project strengthened capacity of the EUR 2.5 million 40.8 million versity Conservation financial, human, technical and knowl- 2015-2018 through MET and GIZ environmental economics sector in Namibia edge-based resources for biodiversity through a number of trainings and research conservation, specifically to support the into the value of nature in Namibia and also implementation of the objectives outlined supported the development of a resource in the second National Biodiversity Strate- mobilization strategy to increase funding into gy and Action Plan (NBSAP 2). biodiversity conservation.

29 Namibia National Parks Pro- The North Eastern Parks are effectively Under implementation from 2016- Provided considerable infrastructural support EUR14.499 million 236.5 million gramme Phase IV protected against pressures on resources, 2019 by MET and KfW to Namibia’s north-eastern parks including fulfil their corridor function for animal vehicles, boats, construction of park stations, migration and represent a competitive staff houses, rehabilitation of waterholes and destination for tourists. The residents and signage. neighbours of the parks profit economical- ly from the parks.

Namibia National Parks Pro- Coastal Parks and their support zones Under implementation from 2018- Phase V is focused on Skeleton Coast Park EUR12 million 195.8 million gramme Phase V are sustainably managed and fair access 2022 by MET and KfW (SCP), the Dorob National Park (DNP) with to their natural resources is ensured thus Cape Cross Seal Reserve (CCSR), the Namib contributing to biodiversity conservation Naukluft Park (NNP) as well as the Tsau // and improved living conditions of the Khaeb (Sperrgebiet) National Park (TKNP). neighboring communities. The project is improving infrastructure in these parks; supporting the implementation of the park’s management plans; supporting community benefits from wildlife and conservation and the award and management of concessions; developing the tourism potential of these parks while protecting the very delicate flora and fauna.

Support to the Coherent Imple- Aims to create synergies and harmoniza- Under implementation through Providing support to human wildlife mitiga- EUR 6.8 million 110.9 million mentation of the CBNRM Policy tion for CBNRM implementation. MET and GIZ from 2017-2020 tion measures, mainly in Kunene Region. Supporting financial management and good governance practices in communal conservancies. Sustainable Use of Natural Establish green credit lines, in collabo- Under implementation since 2017 Both FNB and Nedbank Namibia concluded EUR45 million (availed 734.1 million Resources and Energy Financing ration with local banks, to stimulate invest- through EIF, commercial banks partnership agreements with AFD and have directly as loans to (SUNREF) Programme ment and improve access to green growth (Bank Windhoek, NedBank and established credit lines to locally finance commercial banks technologies. First National Bank) and French small scale projects dedicated to renewable and Government is as Agency for Development (AFD) energy, energy efficiency and sustainable such not involved in resources management implementation of this Programme).

TOTAL FUNDING FOR PROJECTS SOURCED THROUGH BILATERAL WINDOWS 1.4 billion (*734.1 million of this is as loans) Total sourced through multilateral and bilateral windows 2.61 billion

30 For further information on the implementation of projects mobilized through the Ministry of Environment and Tourism and the Environmental Investment Fund of Namibia, please visit the below links:

https://www.met.gov.na https://www.eif.org.na https://www.thegef.org/country/namibia https://www.greenclimate.fund/countries/namibia https://www.giz.de/en/worldwide/323.html https://www.kfw-entwicklungsbank.de/International-financing/KfW-Development-Bank/Local-presence/Subsahara-Africa/Namibia/

31 Notes:

32 Notes:

33 Notes:

34 35 For further information on this publication and relevant projects, please contact:

Department of Environmental Affairs Environmental Investment Fund Ministry of Environment and Tourism 8933 Heinitzburg Heights Cnr R. Mugabe / Dr. K. Kaunda Street Windhoek Windhoek Tel: +264 61 4317700 Tel: +264 61 2842701 Web: www.eif.org.na Web: www.met.gov.na