The Bible for Busy People
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The Bible for Busy People Book II: The New Testament Mark D. Berrier Mark D. Berrier Dallas TX 75234 Email: [email protected] DCC Web Site: www.dallas.edu © Mark Berrier DCC Press 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER PAGE THE PLAN OF THIS BOOK (Read this first.) 3 SUMMARY OF TIME BETWEEN THE OLD AND NEW TESTAMENT 5 FROM THE OLD TESTAMENT TO THE NEW TESTAMENT 6 THE NEW TESTAMENT 8 THE GOSPEL ACCORDING TO MATTHEW 9 THE GOSPEL ACCORDING TO MARK 12 SPECIAL STUDY: WHAT ABOUT DEMONS 15 THE GOSPEL ACCORDING TO LUKE 16 THE GOSPEL ACCORDING TO JOHN 20 SPECIAL STUDY: HOW HE DIED 28 THE ACTS OF THE APOSTLES 29 ROMANS 36 I CORINTHIANS 44 SPECIAL STUDY: WOMEN IN THE CHURCH 54 II CORINTHIANS 56 GALATIANS 60 EPHESIANS 62 PHILIPPIANS 66 COLOSSIANS 68 I THESSALONIANS 70 II THESSALONIANS 72 2 I TIMOTHY 73 II TIMOTHY 76 TITUS 78 PHILEMON 79 HEBREWS 80 SPECIAL STUDY: THE CITY OF GOD 85 JAMES 87 I PETER 90 II PETER 93 I JOHN 95 II JOHN 99 III JOHN 100 JUDE 102 REVELATION 103 SPECIAL STUDY: THE NUMBERS OF THE BOOK OF REVELATION 106 GLOSSARY 119 3 The Plan of this Book The following order is used in the chapters of this book: 1) A short summary of each book of the New Testament 2) A brief outline of each book 3) A brief, clear, simple overview of each book, including important or best-known key verses that help you understand the book 4) Footnotes and special studies to help us to become like Jesus Helps in reading this book: 1) The first time an unusual word or name appears in the book, an asterisk or star (*) may be put after it. All words with an asterisk are in the glossary in the back of the book. For example, asterisk* is a word you can look up in the glossary at the back of this book. 2) Scriptures are listed in the following order: book, chapter, and verse. For example, Genesis 1:1 means the book of Genesis, chapter 1, verse 1. 3) Sometimes an f or ff follows the book, chapter or verse. If you see f, it means one verse following; if you see ff, that means more verses following. For example, Genesis 1:1f means verses 1 and 2; ff means more than 2 verses. Questions you might ask: 1) What is the Bible? The Bible is a large book, with more than 1800 pages; in fact, it is a library of 66 books. It was written by at least 40 authors over a period of at least 1600 years. It was written at first in three languages—Hebrew, Aramaic and Greek. The purpose of the Bible is to bring us all back to God. 2) What is the Old Testament? The Old Testament* is the first 39 books of the Bible. These books were written before Jesus was born. They were written mainly in Hebrew, but some are in Aramaic, the language of Babylon. The Old Testament tells the story of God creating the world, the sin of Adam and Eve, the first two humans, and what God has done to bring people back to himself. First God called one man, Abraham, to follow him; then he called one nation, Israel, to follow God and learn from him. Israel was to prepare the world for the coming of God’s son, Jesus. The Old Testament is made up of three parts: Law (history), prophets and writings. 3) What is the New Testament? The New Testament* scriptures contain the story of God’s greatest work to bring us back to himself—the life, death and resurrection of his son, Jesus the Messiah. The New Testament is also made up of three parts: Gospels, History and Epistles. The Gospels are Matthew, Mark, Luke and John. Each of these are studies of the life of Jesus, looking at him in 4 different ways. Acts is the history of the church when it first started. The epistles are letters from different leaders to different churches. The epistles mostly deal with problems in the early churches. 4 The New Testament is really our personal relationship with Jesus. The New Testament scriptures guide us in that relationship. 4) What is the Gospel? The Gospel is the Good News about Jesus. He died to take our sins away; he was raised from the dead, beyond death now, to make us right with God. He lived a sinless life, he died on the Roman cross, he was buried, and on the third day he was raised from the dead never to die again. The greatest shock in the New Testament is his resurrection. No one expected it, even though Jesus had told his followers he would rise. Jesus then showed himself to be alive for forty days—he even ate with his disciples. He went up to heaven as his disciples watched. Now he sits on God’s throne with his father, and pleads our case with the father. One day he will return and take us home to heaven, to be with him forever. He has saved us; now let’s make the decision to live for him. 5) What makes the Bible different from other books? The Bible is based in history; it records what God has done and what Jesus did. All he has done is to get us to love him. Teachings, thoughts, meditations may come or go, but history never changes. Once something is done, it becomes a fact. Just as in a court of law, facts make the case; so with the Bible. The Bible is filled with facts that can change our life, and our way of looking at life. The acts God did in history are now facts. The Bible is not like other books that contain just the thinking of people. The Bible is God’s thoughts and acts recorded for us. The Bible’s purpose is to bring us back to God through faith in Jesus. A Warning to the Reader: Avoid any group or teacher who says “we alone have the truth.” Any group who has only one teacher is probably a cult. Cults allow no individual freedom, no personal thinking, and no differences of opinion. Avoid groups and teachers like this. It is best to have several teachers and then to compare their teachings with the Bible to see if these teachers are telling the truth. God freely gives his Holy Spirit to believers who follow Jesus. He will help you come to understand as you keep following Jesus. 5 The Bible for Busy People: Book II THE NEW TESTAMENT SUMMARY OF TIME BETWEEN THE OLD AND NEW TESTAMENT In our Bibles there is a break between the OT and the NT. This break was over 400 years long. During that time many things had happened: 1. The Jews had returned from exile* to their homeland. They had rebuilt Jerusalem, its temple and its protecting walls. (King Herod the Great also added to the walls and expanded the temple buildings.) 2. Alexander the Great conquered the world. He had spread the Greek language and culture all over, so Greek was spoken everywhere.1 3. Rome had taken over Alexander’s kingdom. The Romans had built roads and aqueducts* all over the then known world. 4. The Jews fought many wars with their enemies. They had become part of the Roman Empire in 63 B. C., but they still had their temple and religion in Jerusalem. 5. The Pharisees* came into control of the Jews’ religion. The people believed in angels, the resurrection, and the spirit world. The Jews were ready for Messiah (Jesus Christ) to come. 1 The story of much of this era is found in I Maccabaes 1-12 in the Apocrypha.* It also appears in some of the writings of Josephus, a Jewish historian who wrote about A. D. 90 or so. 6 FROM THE OLD TESTAMENT TO THE NEW TESTAMENT After the prophet Malachi closed his book, the OT ended. Most of our Bibles have nothing written in them between the Old and New Testament scriptures. The 400 years between the testaments are called the “silent years.” God did not speak through any real prophet during this time. But much was written and much was done.1 Daniel 2 and 7 in the OT had prepared the Jews for the “silent years” between the Old and New Testament. Daniel had said that there would be four special kingdoms. Babylon, Medo-Persia, Greece and Rome were the four great kingdoms. Sure enough, after Babylon fell, a great Persian ruler named Cyrus freed all slave nations that Babylon had conquered.2 One of these slave nations was Israel. They returned (See Ezra and Nehemiah in the OT.) and rebuilt Jerusalem and its temple. Some half-breed Jews came back to Palestine, but they were not accepted by the full-blooded Jews. These hated half-breeds settled in central Palestine in an area called Samaria. These Samaritans* set up a different temple and worshiped the God of Israel in their own way. So the full-blooded Jews hated the Samaritans and would have nothing to do with them. Next came Alexander the Great. He was a Greek. He began to gather an army about 335 B. C. His army marched against the Persian Empire. Even though Alexander’s army was greatly outnumbered, he was able to defeat the Persians. In fact, at the battle of Arbela, Alexander destroyed Persia’s army of one million soldiers.