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Astronomie Mit Kleinem Budget Und Einfachen Mitteln www.vds-astro.de ISSN 1615-0880 IV/2013 Nr. 47 Zeitschrift der Vereinigung der Sternfreunde e.V. Schwerpunktthema Astronomie mit kleinem Budget und Astrofotografi e ganz einfach Arizona Dreams Auf der Jagd nach NEAs Seite 14 Seite 53 Seite 76 einfachen Mitteln Editorial 1 Liebe Mitglieder, liebe Sternfreunde, ist die Astronomie nur ein Hobby für reiche Menschen? „Aber nein“, wird der erfahrene Sternfreund entgegnen, „bereits mit bloßem Auge oder einem Fernglas kann man tolle Beobachtungen machen!“ Sprach es, und wendet sich anschlie- ßend seinem neuen Luxusteleskop auf computergesteuerter Montierung zu, oder schaltet den Computer an, um für 200 Euro pro Stunde „remote“ ein Teleskop in Australien zu bedienen. Dass es auch anders geht, zeigt das Schwerpunktthema „Astronomie mit klei- nem Budget und einfachen Mitteln“ in diesem Heft. Und aus einer Laune der Natur heraus leuchtete Mitte August, während dieses Editorial geschrieben wird, eine Nova im Sternbild Delphin auf, zu deren Beobachtung man tatsächlich nur Unser Titelbild: das bloße Auge oder ein Fernglas benötigte, um die spannende Helligkeitsent- Komet C/2011 L4 PanSTARRS zieht vor wicklung der Nova von Nacht zu Nacht zu verfolgen. dem Galaktischen Nebel NGC 7822 im Sternbild Cepheus vorüber. Dieses Dabei war selbst diese einfache Beobachtung nicht ganz so einfach, wie es auf farbenprächtige Bild gelang unserem den ersten Blick den Anschein haben mag. Denn die zunehmende Beleuchtung Kometenfotografen Michael Jäger am lässt Schritt für Schritt die schwachen Sterne verblassen. So ist es der VdS eine 30. April 2013 um 22:28 UT. Norden besondere Freude, zu ihrer 31. VdS-Tagung und Mitgliederversammlung zu ist im Bild oben. Zur Einschätzung der Gast im Planetarium Osnabrück zu sein, dem deutschen Mekka im Kampf gegen Größenverhältnisse: Der Nebel hat einen die Lichtverschmutzung unter Leitung von Dr. Andreas Hänel, gleichzeitig Lei- Winkeldurchmesser von oben nach ter der VdS-Fachgruppe „Dark Sky“, der Initiative zur Erhaltung eines dunklen unten von 2,4 Grad. Nachthimmels. Michael Jäger erzeugte ein Farbkomposit Einen dunklen Himmel wird man auch Anfang Dezember willkommen heißen, mit RGB-Farbfiltern und H-Alpha-Filter. wenn der potenzielle „Jahrhundertkomet“ C/2012 S1 ISON am morgendlichen Er fotografierte mit einer CCD-Kamera Horizont auftaucht. Andererseits: zu dessen Beobachtung benötigt man nun Sigma 6303 an einem apochromatischen wirklich kein Teleskop, und selbst Fotografen werden mit handelsüblichen Foto- Leica-Teleobjektiv 1:4/180 mm und objektiven arbeiten, um den (hoffentlich sehr langen) Kometenschweif im Bild belichtete in Luminanz 3x360 s mit UV-/ festzuhalten. IR-Sperrfilter, 2x600 s in H-Alpha und RGB jeweils 360 s. Ob mit oder ohne Fernrohr, per Goto oder Starhopping: wenn Sie wieder ein- mal die Sehnsucht nach einem Blick in den Himmel bewegt, dann machen Sie Die Redaktion gratuliert unserem Astro- doch einfach das Licht aus, treten nach draußen und genießen den Anblick der fotografen zu seinem beeindruckenden funkeln den Sternenpracht. Besonders die Wintermonate mit ihren hellen Sternen Bildergebnis! sind dazu geeignet. Vielleicht streift auch ein Satellit über den Himmel, eine Sternschnuppe huscht vorbei oder Sie entdecken gute alte Bekannte unter den Sternbildern … Allzeit klaren Himmel wünscht Sven Melchert VdS-Journal Nr. 47 2 Inhalt DEEP SKY Deep Sky in Kirchheim 69 SCHWERPUNKTTHEMA Astronomie mit kleinem Budget JUGENDARBEIT und einfachen Mitteln Physik für Schülerinnen 6 72 1 EDITORIAL FACHGRUPPENBEITRÄGE ASTROFOTOGRAFIE 2 INHALTSVERZEICHNIS 52 Neues aus der Fachgruppe Astrofotografi e 53 Arizona Dreams NACH REDAKTIONSSCHLUSS COMPUTERASTRONOMIE 4 Ein Überraschungsei aus Gas und Staub: 57 Versuche zur spektroskopischen Mehrkanal-Fotometrie der Komet C/2012 S1 ISON 60 Die Entwicklung von „astronomic workbench“ für die spektroskopische Fotometrie SCHWERPUNKTTHEMA: ASTRONOMIE MIT 63 Objektorientierte astronomische Datenmodelle KLEINEM BUDGET UND EINFACHEN MITTELN (Teil 2) 6 Einleitung ins Schwerpunktthema: „Himmels- beobachtung – ein Hobby nur für Betuchte?“ DEEP SKY 7 Sonnenbeobachtung mit bloßem Auge – das A-Netz 66 Neues aus der Fachgruppe Deep Sky 10 Kometenbeobachtung mit dem Fernglas 67 Kurz beobachtet: NGC 7331 11 Das Skywatcher 80/400 – ein vielseitiges Klein- 68 Die Deep-Sky-Galerie IC 1805 und M 1 teleskop 69 Deep Sky in Kirchheim 14 Effektvolle Astrofotografi e mit einfachstem Equipment 22 Astrofotografi e mit Kamera und ohne Nachführung GESCHICHTE 24 Totgesagte leben länger – Ein altes Teleobjektiv 71 Neues aus der Fachgruppe Geschichte der mit „digitaler Daseinsberechtigung“ Astronomie 29 Messung und Überwachung der Himmelshelligkeit 71 Douglas S. Hall 1940 - 2013 mit DSLR und Digitaler Kompaktkamera 33 Astronomie mit dem Fernglas JUGENDARBEIT 34 Einmal Astronomie für einen Euro zum Mitnehmen 72 Physik für Schülerinnen – oder: Sonnenbeobachtung bitte und Spektrometer Marke Eigenbau 37 Sternlandschaften 73 AG Relativitätstheorie im ASL 2012 42 Zwei Objektive – fünf Verwendungen 45 Schon wieder ein Adapter mehr … KLEINE PLANETEN 48 Schöne Konstellationen von Sonne, Mond, Planeten 74 Neues aus der Fachgruppe Kleine Planeten und Sternbildern 74 Kosmische Begegnungen 49 Ganz einfach veränderliche Sterne beobachten 76 Auf der Jagd nach NEAs mit der DSLR 80 Bickel überholt Börngen – die erfolgreichsten deutschen Kleinplanetenentdecker VdS-Journal Nr. 47 Inhalt 3 KOMETEN Komet C/2011 L4 PanSTARRS 83 VERÄNDERLICHE Exoplaneten-Transits 111 KOMETEN VDS-NOSTALGIE 83 Strukturelle Besonderheiten des Kometen C/2011 L4 116 Das war’n noch Zeiten (PanSTARRS) 86 C/2011 L4 PanSTARRS visuell beobachtet aus VDS VOR ORT/PODIUM Südfrankreich 118 Sternwarte Borken e. V. 87 Schwierige Kometenbeobachtung 118 Bayerische Volkssternwarte Neumarkt in der Oberpfalz e. V. 88 C/2011 L4 PanSTARRS – Die VdS-Bildergalerie 119 Die astronomische Vereinigung Augsburg e. V. (AVA) METEORE 119 Astronomie Stiftung Trebur 101 Bericht vom 32. AKM-Seminar SERVICE PLANETEN 120 Himmelsvorschau Oktober-Dezember 2013 103 Der „Glücks-Saturn“ vom 07.05.2013 103 Anmerkung der Redaktion BEOBACHTERFORUM 104 Saturn im Juni 2013 123 Mondfinsternis und weitere Ansichten SPEKTROSKOPIE 125 LESERBRIEFE 104 Die Welt zu Gast in Lüneburg: ASpekt 13 – Jahrestagung der FG Spektroskopie VORSCHAU 126 Vorschau auf astronomische Veranstaltungen STERNBEDECKUNGEN 106 Jahrestagung der FG Sternbedeckungen 108 Spica streift den Mond VERÄNDERLICHE STERNE 109 Beteigeuze (Alpha Orionis) und Mintaka HINWEISE (Delta Orionis) 111 Weitere Exoplaneten-Transits in Kirchheim 32 Impressum 59 Inserentenverzeichnis VDS-NACHRICHTEN 127 VdS-FG-Referenten 112 VdS-Vorstand aktuell 127 VdS-FG-Redakteure 114 Constantin Weickart erhielt Dominikus-Preis 128 Autorenverzeichnis 115 Wir begrüßen neue Mitglieder 4 Nach Redaktionsschluss Ein Überraschungsei aus Gas und Staub: der Komet C/2012 S1 ISON von Sven Melchert Spiel, Spaß und Spannung sind garan- tiert: Ende November wird ein neuer Ko- met knapp an der Sonne vorbeifl iegen und könnte dabei so hell werden, dass man ihn sogar am Taghimmel sehen kann. Wohlgemerkt: er könnte. Wie es bei Ko- meten so üblich ist, kann es aber auch ganz anders kommen. Jüngstes Beispiel für einen Kometen, der sich nicht exakt an die Vorhersagen halten wollte, ist das Objekt C/2011 L4 PanSTARRS (sie- he dazu auch die Artikel ab Seite 83 in diesem Heft). Nun haben wir mit „ISON“ den zweiten, möglicherweise sehr hellen Kometen in diesem Jahr im Angebot. Entdeckt wurde der Komet am 21. Sep- tember 2012 vom „International Scienti- 1 Am 13. Januar 2013 nahm Bernd Flach-Wilken den damals noch 16 mag schwachen fi c Optical Network“ (abgekürzt „ISON“) Kometen C/2012 S1 ISON im Sternbild Zwillinge mit einem 400-mm-Hypergraph bei im Sternbild Krebs. Die Helligkeit betrug Blende 8 auf. Das Bild wurde 3 x 5 min mit einer CCD-Kamera STX-16803 belichtet. damals 18,5 mag. Seine Bahn wird ISON am 28. November 2013 um 19:18 Uhr (MEZ) bis auf 1,9 Millionen Kilometer Herausforderung ist die Begegnung von Wenn sich die Sonne am Nachmittag am an die Sonne heranführen; der geringste C/2012 S1 mit dem Kometen 2P/Encke Westhimmel ihrem Untergang nähert, Abstand zur Photosphäre der Sonne be- am 24. und 25. November: die zwei Ko- befi ndet sich der Komet unterhalb der trägt sogar nur 1,2 Mio. Kilometer. ISON meten sind nur rund 1,5 Grad voneinan- Sonne und wird somit nicht zu sehen wird daher als „Sonnenstreifer“ bezeich- der entfernt. ISON ist dann ca. 2,5 mag sein. Beim exakten Zeitpunkt des Perihels net, und es ist nicht sicher, ob der Komet hell, Encke mit 5 mag in der Morgen- am 28. November um 19:18 Uhr (MEZ) diese enge Begegnung mit unserem Hei- dämmerung eigentlich kaum zu sehen. In sind Sonne und Komet von Deutschland matstern überstehen wird. Im optimisti- weniger als sieben Grad Distanz stehen aus bereits unter den Horizont gesunken. schen Fall taucht ISON in den ersten De- übrigens Merkur und Saturn nördlich der Eine mögliche Sichtbarkeitschance ergibt zembertagen am Morgenhimmel auf und Kometen; wem hier ein Gruppenfoto ge- sich am Morgen des 29. November. Zwar wird einen steil nach oben gerichteten, lingt, der hat die Aufnahme des Jahres ist der Komet immer noch weniger als sehr langen Schweif zeigen. im Kasten! drei Grad von der Sonne entfernt, doch sein Schweif könnte in der Morgendäm- Auf dem Weg zum Perihel Tage in Sonnennähe merung über dem südöstlichen Horizont Wenn Sie diesen Beitrag Anfang Okto- Am 27. und 28. November steht ISON so sichtbar sein. ber lesen, beträgt die Helligkeit von ISON nah bei der Sonne, dass er
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