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Rainfall and Parasitic Wasp (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonoidea
Agricultural and Forest Entomology (2000) 2, 39±47 Rainfall and parasitic wasp (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonoidea) activity in successional forest stages at Barro Colorado Nature Monument, Panama, and La Selva Biological Station, Costa Rica B. A. Shapiro1 and J. Pickering Institute of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602-2602, U.S.A. Abstract 1 In 1997, we ran two Malaise insect traps in each of four stands of wet forest in Costa Rica (two old-growth and two 20-year-old stands) and four stands of moist forest in Panama (old-growth, 20, 40 and 120-year-old stands). 2 Wet forest traps caught 2.32 times as many ichneumonoids as moist forest traps. The average catch per old-growth trap was 1.89 times greater than the average catch per second-growth trap. 3 Parasitoids of lepidopteran larvae were caught in higher proportions in the wet forest, while pupal parasitoids were relatively more active in the moist forest. 4 We hypothesize that moisture availability is of key importance in determining parasitoid activity, community composition and trophic interactions. Keywords Barro Colorado Nature Monument, Ichneumonoidea, La Selva, parasitoids, precipitation, tropical moist forest, tropical wet forest. istics of each parasitoid species and abiotic factors. Seasonal Introduction patterns of insect activity are often correlated with temperature, One of the largest groups of parasitic Hymenoptera is the as processes such as development and diapause are often superfamily Ichneumonoidea, which consists of two families intimately associated with temperature change (Wolda, 1988). (the Ichneumonidae and the Braconidae), 64 subfamilies and an Fink & VoÈlkl (1995) gave several examples of small insects for estimated 100 000 species world-wide (Gauld & Bolton, 1988; which low humidity and high temperature have detrimental Wahl & Sharkey, 1993). -
Alien Dominance of the Parasitoid Wasp Community Along an Elevation Gradient on Hawai’I Island
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln USGS Staff -- Published Research US Geological Survey 2008 Alien dominance of the parasitoid wasp community along an elevation gradient on Hawai’i Island Robert W. Peck U.S. Geological Survey, [email protected] Paul C. Banko U.S. Geological Survey Marla Schwarzfeld U.S. Geological Survey Melody Euaparadorn U.S. Geological Survey Kevin W. Brinck U.S. Geological Survey Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/usgsstaffpub Peck, Robert W.; Banko, Paul C.; Schwarzfeld, Marla; Euaparadorn, Melody; and Brinck, Kevin W., "Alien dominance of the parasitoid wasp community along an elevation gradient on Hawai’i Island" (2008). USGS Staff -- Published Research. 652. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/usgsstaffpub/652 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the US Geological Survey at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in USGS Staff -- Published Research by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Biol Invasions (2008) 10:1441–1455 DOI 10.1007/s10530-008-9218-1 ORIGINAL PAPER Alien dominance of the parasitoid wasp community along an elevation gradient on Hawai’i Island Robert W. Peck Æ Paul C. Banko Æ Marla Schwarzfeld Æ Melody Euaparadorn Æ Kevin W. Brinck Received: 7 December 2007 / Accepted: 21 January 2008 / Published online: 6 February 2008 Ó Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2008 Abstract Through intentional and accidental increased with increasing elevation, with all three introduction, more than 100 species of alien Ichneu- elevations differing significantly from each other. monidae and Braconidae (Hymenoptera) have Nine species purposely introduced to control pest become established in the Hawaiian Islands. -
Insects Parasitoids: Natural Enemies of Helicoverpa
Queensland the Smart State insects Parasitoids: Natural enemies of helicoverpa Introduction Helicoverpa caterpillars (often called heliothis) are serious pests of many crops in Australia. A range of parasitoid and predatory insects attack helicoverpa. Identifying and conserving these beneficial insects is fundamental to implementing pest management with a reduced reliance on chemical insecticides. This brochure describes the most important parasitoids of helicoverpa in Australian broadacre crops. Parasitoids versus parasites: What’s the difference? Parasitoids kill their hosts; parasites (such Figure 1. Netelia producta is one of the as lice and fleas) do not. All the insects most commonly encountered parasitoids in this brochure are parasitoids. Despite of helicoverpa. Females lay their eggs onto this difference, the terms parasitoid and caterpillars, and the hatching wasp larva parasite are often used interchangeably, if feeds on its host, eventually killing it. inaccurately. Parasitoids such as Netelia can be important biological control agents of helicoverpa in crops. (Photo: K. Power) All comments about parasitoid abundance in this publication are based on field observations in southern Queensland farming systems. These patterns may not occur in all parts of Australia. About parasitoids What is a parasitoid? How do parasitoids find their A parasitoid is an insect that kills (parasitises) hosts? its host — usually another insect — in Many adult parasitoids find their host by order to complete its lifecycle. In Australia, smell. They can detect the direct odour of helicoverpa are parasitised by many species the host itself, or odours associated with host of wasps and flies. All helicoverpa immature activity, such as plant damage or caterpillar stages are parasitised (that is, egg, caterpillar frass (dung). -
Monopoly of Reproduction by the Queen in the Social Wasp Ropalidia
Proc Indian Natn Sci Acad 80 No. 5 December 2014 pp. 1025-1044 Printed in India. DOI: 10.16943/ptinsa/2014/v80i5/47971 Review Article Queen Pheromone and Monopoly of Reproduction by the Queen in the Social Wasp Ropalidia marginata ANIRUDDHA MITRA Laboratoire Evolution, Génomes et Spéciation, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, avenue de la Terrasse, Batiment 13, Gif sur Yvette, 91190, France (Received on 29 April 2014; Revised on 30 September 2014; Accepted on 13 October 2014) Ropalidia marginata is a primitively eusocial (truly social) wasp found in peninsular India. It is different from the typical primitively eusocial species in having docile queens that cannot use aggression to maintain reproductive monopoly. Recent studies using chemical analysis and bioassays indicate that Dufour’s gland is a source of the queen pheromone in this species. Queens appear to signal their presence to workers through their Dufour’s gland compounds, possibly by applying them on the nest surface, and this results in suppression of reproduction by workers, resulting in reproductive monopoly by the queen. The Dufour’s gland was found to contain saturated long chain hydrocarbons, which have recently been suggested to be the ancestral state of fertility signals in Hymenoptera. The Dufour’s gland composition differed significantly between queens and workers, and was also correlated with the state of ovarian development, varying continuously as a function of ovarian development, thereby advocating the honesty of the queen pheromone. This elucidates the mechanism of maintenance of eusociality through pheromonal queen signalling by the Dufour’s gland compounds. Key Words: Eusocial; Reproductive Monopoly; Queen Pheromone; Dufour’s Gland; Ropalidia marginata; Honest Signal Social insects like bees, ants and wasps have aroused whole theory. -
Chemical and Thermal Characterization of the Construction Material of Nests of Seven Species of Wasps from Norte De Santander - Colombia
Respuestas, 24 (2), May - August 2019,, pp. 27-38, ISSN 0122-820X - E ISSN: 2422-5053 Journal of Engineering Sciences rigin rie https://doi.org/10.22463/0122820X.1828 Chemical and thermal characterization of the construction material of nests of seven species of wasps from Norte de Santander - Colombia. Caracterización química y térmica del material de construcción de nidos de siete especies de avispas del Norte de Santander - Colombia. María Del Carmen Parra Hernández1, Diana Alexandra Torres Sánchez2* 1Chemistry, [email protected], orcid.org/0000-0003-2034-4495, Universidad de Pamplona, Pamplona, Colombia 2*PhD in Chemistry Sciences, [email protected], orcid.org/0000-0002-0602-9299, Universidad de Pamplona, Pamplona, Colombia. How to cite: M.C. Parra-Hernadez y D.A. Torres-Sanchez , “Chemical and thermal characterization of the construction material of nests of seven species of wasps from Norte de Santander - Colombia.”. Respuestas, vol. 24, no. 2, pp. 27-38, 2019. Received on August 09, 2018; Approved on November 10, 2018 ABSTRACT Social wasps are insects that construct their nests using wood pulp, plant and themselves secretions for Keywords: the accomplishment of their activities as a colony. Currently in Colombia, there is little knowledge about this interesting material due to its characteristics, which could be used in promising applications. In this Wasps, work the chemical and thermal characterization of nests of seven species of wasps (Agelaia pallipes, Nests, Agelaia multipicta, Agelaia areata, Polybia aequatorialis, Parachartergus apicalis, Mischucytharus imitator, Thermogravimetric Brachygastra lecheguana) living in Norte de Santander, was carried out with the purpose of establishing if there are significant differences between species and provide information that could be used as a model or Analysis (TGA), precursors for the synthesis in biomimetics and / or nanotechnology. -
Hymenoptera (Stinging Wasps)
Return to insect order home Page 1 of 3 Visit us on the Web: www.gardeninghelp.org Insect Order ID: Hymenoptera (Stinging Wasps) Life Cycle–Complete metamorphosis: Queens or solitary adults lay eggs. Larvae eat, grow and molt. This stage is repeated a varying number of times, depending on species, until hormonal changes cause the larvae to pupate. Inside a cell (in nests) or a pupal case (solitary), they change in form and color and develop wings. The adults look completely different from the larvae. Solitary wasps: Social wasps: Adults–Stinging wasps have hard bodies and most have membranous wings (some are wingless). The forewing is larger than the hindwing and the two are hooked together as are all Hymenoptera, hence the name "married wings," but this is difficult to see. Some species fold their wings lengthwise, making their wings look long and narrow. The head is oblong and clearly separated from the thorax, and the eyes are compound eyes, but not multifaceted. All have a cinched-in waist (wasp waist). Eggs are laid from the base of the ovipositor, while the ovipositor itself, in most species, has evolved into a stinger. Thus only females have stingers. (Click images to enlarge or orange text for more information.) Oblong head Compound eyes Folded wings but not multifaceted appear Cinched in waist long & narrow Return to insect order home Page 2 of 3 Eggs–Colonies of social wasps have at least one queen that lays both fertilized and unfertilized eggs. Most are fertilized and all fertilized eggs are female. Most of these become workers; a few become queens. -
Paper Wasps Ocelli General Information Wasps, Ants, and Bees Belong to an Order of Insects Called Hymenoptera
Status ☑ Venomous sting ☑ Possible health threat Paper Wasps Ocelli General Information Wasps, ants, and bees belong to an order of insects called Hymenoptera. Over 103,000 species of Hymenoptera are known in the world, with over 17,000 known in the U.S. Some, such as paper wasps, are social and live in colonies. There are over 900 species of social wasps known in the world. Most capture and eat other insects (predators) or feed and grow inside of another insect (parasitoids). Almost every insect species has at least one wasp species that eats it, making wasps critically important in the natural control of other insects. What Do They Look Like? Paper wasps have two pairs of membranous wings, two antennae, and six legs. In most species, the connection between thorax and abdomen is long and narrow. Their hard exoskeleton is smooth and usually hairless. They have two large compound eyes and three or more simple light-sensing Adult Paper Wasp eyes (ocelli) that are typically arranged in a triangle on top of the head. Their excellent eyesight allows them to easily track predators while protecting their nests. Females have a stinger, which is actually a modified egg-laying device (ovipositor). Adult Paper Wasp on a Nest Stinger Health Risks Paper wasp females have a lance-like stinger with smooth edges and can sting repeatedly. The venom of a single sting is usually not dangerous; however, Life Cycle the venom of several stings may cause problems. Victims who Wasps have four stages in their life cycle: egg, larva, pupa, and are allergic to the venom may have an anaphylactic reaction adult. -
Polistes Dominula's Impact on P. Fuscatus in the Northeastern US
Biol Invasions https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-017-1617-8 ORIGINAL PAPER Displacement and replacement in real time: Polistes dominula’s impact on P. fuscatus in the northeastern U.S. Julia A. Pilowsky . Philip T. Starks Received: 11 May 2017 / Accepted: 7 November 2017 Ó Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature 2017 Abstract Two major challenges in studying the at the most invaded sites. These findings suggest a impacts of exotic invasive species on native species positive feedback cycle in the establishment of P. are identifying mechanisms of displacement and dominula, in which the invasive wasp drives popula- replacement and the lack of long-term population tion declines in the native that in turn allow P. studies in these systems. A solution for the first is to dominula to further establish. This system provides an study invasive and native congeners that occupy the example of a possible extinction vortex caused by same niche. A solution for the second is to study many competitive exclusion of a species by its invasive populations for one year instead of one population for congener. many years. We studied the invasion biology of the invasive European paper wasp Polistes dominula and Keywords Polistes Á Invasion biology Á Competitive its native congener the Northern paper wasp P. exclusion Á Local extinction Á Displacement fuscatus, two species which compete for similar resources. We tracked the demography of the two wasps at sites in the northeastern United States. We found that the survival of P. dominula to the repro- Introduction ductive period in August was three times that of P. -
Rethinking Recognition: Social Context in Adult Life Rather Than Early Experience Shapes Recognition in a Social Wasp
Submitted to Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B - Issue Rethinking recognition: social context in adult life rather than early experience shapes recognition in a social wasp Journal: Philosophical Transactions B Manuscript ID RSTB-2019-0468.R1 Article Type:ForResearch Review Only Date Submitted by the 20-Feb-2020 Author: Complete List of Authors: Cappa, Federico; Università degli Studi di Firenze Cini, Alessandro; University College London Signorotti, Lisa; Università degli Studi di Firenze, Dipartmento di Biologia CERVO, Rita; Università degli Studi di Firenze, Biologia ; Issue Code (this should have already been entered but SIGNAL please contact the Editorial Office if it is not present): Subject: Behaviour < BIOLOGY ontogeny of recognition, referent template, nestmate recognition, social Keywords: insects, Polistes http://mc.manuscriptcentral.com/issue-ptrsb Page 1 of 25 Submitted to Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B - Issue 1 2 3 Author-supplied statements 4 5 6 Relevant information will appear here if provided. 7 8 Ethics 9 10 Does your article include research that required ethical approval or permits?: 11 Yes 12 13 Statement (if applicable): 14 Wasps used in this work were reared under laboratory conditions and treated as well as possible 15 16 given the constraints of the experimental design. This study was carried out in accordance with the 17 Italian guidelines on animal wellness. 18 19 Data 20 21 It is a condition of publicationFor that data, Review code and materials Only supporting your paper are made publicly 22 available. Does your paper present new data?: 23 Yes 24 25 26 Statement (if applicable): 27 The datasets supporting this article have been uploaded as part of the Supplementary Material. -
Changes in the Insect Fauna of a Deteriorating Riverine Sand Dune
., CHANGES IN THE INSECT FAUNA OF A DETERIORATING RIVERINE SAND DUNE COMMUNITY DURING 50 YEARS OF HUMAN EXPLOITATION J. A. Powell Department of Entomological Sciences University of California, Berkeley May , 1983 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 1 HISTORY OF EXPLOITATION 4 HISTORY OF ENTOMOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS 7 INSECT FAUNA 10 Methods 10 ErRs s~lected for compar"ltive "lnBlysis 13 Bio1o~ica1 isl!lnd si~e 14 Inventory of sp~cies 14 Endemism 18 Extinctions 19 Species restricted to one of the two refu~e parcels 25 Possible recently colonized species 27 INSECT ASSOCIATES OF ERYSIMUM AND OENOTHERA 29 Poll i n!ltor<'l 29 Predqt,.n·s 32 SUMMARY 35 RECOm1ENDATIONS FOR RECOVERY ~4NAGEMENT 37 ACKNOWT.. EDGMENTS 42 LITERATURE CITED 44 APPENDICES 1. T'lbles 1-8 49 2. St::ttns of 15 Antioch Insects Listed in Notice of 75 Review by the U.S. Fish "l.nd Wildlife Service INTRODUCTION The sand dune formation east of Antioch, Contra Costa County, California, comprised the largest riverine dune system in California. Biogeographically, this formation was unique because it supported a northern extension of plants and animals of desert, rather than coastal, affinities. Geologists believe that the dunes were relicts of the most recent glaciation of the Sierra Nevada, probably originating 10,000 to 25,000 years ago, with the sand derived from the supratidal floodplain of the combined Sacramento and San Joaquin Rivers. The ice age climate in the area is thought to have been cold but arid. Presumably summertime winds sweeping through the Carquinez Strait across the glacial-age floodplains would have picked up the fine-grained sand and redeposited it to the east and southeast, thus creating the dune fields of eastern Contra Costa County. -
Novitattes PUBLISHED by the AMERICAN MUSEUM of NATURAL HISTORY CENTRAL PARK WEST at 79TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10024 Number 3224, 39 Pp., 26 Figures April 6, 1998
AMIERICANt MUSEUM Novitattes PUBLISHED BY THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY CENTRAL PARK WEST AT 79TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10024 Number 3224, 39 pp., 26 figures April 6, 1998 A Generic Key to the Nests of Hornets, Yellowjackets, and Paper Wasps Worldwide (Vespidae: Vespinae, Polistinae) JOHN W. WENZEL' ABSTRACT The 31 genera of Vespinae and Polistinae tary Hymenoptera with which they may be con- worldwide are identified in a key to nest struc- fused. Many characteristics are illustrated or de- ture. Fifty-nine couplets and more than 80 pho- scribed here for the first time, with notes on tographs and illustrations permit both special- both anomalous species and anomalous forms ists and amateurs to recognize these nests in the of nests of common species. Pertinent published field or museum collections. A brief overview figures and museum collections are cited to explains the distinction between nests of these assist the professional in finding reference ma- social wasps and those of other social or soli- terial. INTRODUCTION All over the world, both entomologists and female (Wenzel, 1987) or millions (Zucchi et the lay public recognize and fear colonies of al., 1995). The aggressive, boldly striped social wasps. More than 900 species range adults advertise their unforgettable stings, from the Arctic to Tasmania, from prairie to and many moths, flies, and other defenseless rain forest to desert, from pristine habitats to insects have developed elaborate morpholog- industrial cities. Their sophisticated, all-fe- ical and behavioral mimicry to benefit from male societies provided the inspiration for a general desire among most animals to several of the major discoveries in insect be- avoid wasps. -
Hymenoptera: Vespidae, Polistinae)
Phylogenetic Relationships among European Polistes and the Evolution ofSocial Parasitism (Hymenoptera: Vespidae, Polistinae) James M. CARPENTER Department ofEntomology, American Museum ofNatural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, NY 10024, U.S.A. ABSTRACT Cladistic analysis of the European species ofPolistes is used to investigate the evolution .of social parasitism in the genus. The three species of social parasites (formerly the genus Sulcopolistes) are all inquilines: lacking a worker caste, and dependent on uSUIping the colony ofa host species to obtain a worker force. El:vlERY'S Rule states that social parasites are more closely related to their hosts than to any other species. Previously published allozyme (CARPENTER et aI., 1993) and mtDNA (CHOUDHARY et aI., 1994) data did not support this hypothesis, but did not resolve relationships among the species of social parasites. Morphological characters are adduced which resolve the phylogenetic relationships among these three species, and the combination of the morphological and molecular data sets largely resolves the relationships among all nine European species. Cladistic optimization oftraits associated with social parasitism on the resulting cladogram shows: (1) El:vlERy's'Rule is rejected; (2) the scenario proposed by TAYLOR (1939) for the evolution of social parasitism is not supported either. The predatory behavior ofthe inquiline P. atn"mandibularis, with separate "supply" and "nursery" nests, is evidently secondary, as .. is its initially passive invasion behavior. - La phylogenie des Polistes d'Europe et revolution du parasitisme social (Hymenoptera: Vespidae, Polistinae) L'analyse cladistique des especes de Polistes europeennes est utilisee pour etudier l'evolution du parasitisme social dans Ie geme.