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Geology of the Buckman Well Field and Northern Caja Del Rio Plateau

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Geology of the Buckman Well Field and Northern Caja Del Rio Plateau GEOLOGY OF THE BUCKMAN WELL FIELD AND NORTHERN CAJA Española DEL RIO PLATEAU Los s n Dan Koning t Alamos M o NM Bureau of Geology t Jemez s and Mineral Resources ri C Mtns e Outline d re I. Structural setting g n a • Faults Santa Fe S • Structural uplift along Cochiti Cone and La Bajada faults II. Stratigraphy • Summarize lithologic units from late Paleozoic through late Cenozoic III. Summary of groundwater flow View of Buckman are N Structure •Study area lies at south-central end of the Española Basin •The Cerrillos Uplift, a footwall uplift along the La Bajada fault (LB), plunges EEBHG northward and likely continues along the footwall of the Cochiti Cone fault (CO) •The Pajarito fault CO (PF), which is the master fault of the PF eastern Española Basin half-graben (EEBHG), splays into 2 strands to the south LB Figure is slightly modified from Minor et al., 2013 From Koning et al., 2013 •Footwall uplift (i.e., the Cerrillos Uplift) along the La Bajada fault is certain, but how far north that uplift extends is unknown •Rodriquez and Sawyer (2013) addressed that question by making resistivity models derived from the magnetotelluric method Image from Rodriguez and Sawyer, 2013 Color shading in image shows the modeled depth of the Santa Fe Group, constructed primarily from gravity inversion (Grauch et al., 2009). Small black circles = gravity stations Orange circles = MT stations of Rodriguez and Sawyer (2013) Red circles = borehole lithologic control Image from Rodriguez and Sawyer, 2013 Color shading in image shows the modeled depth of the Santa Fe Group, constructed primarily from gravity inversion (Grauch et al., 2009). Small black circles = gravity stations A’ B’ Orange circles = MT stations of Rodriguez and Sawyer (2013) Red circles = borehole B lithologic control A Image from Rodriguez and Sawyer, 2013 Figures from Rodriguez and Sawyer, 2013 Part of Plate 1 of Koning et al., 2013 Part of Plate 1 of Koning et al., 2013 Yates No. 2 well Figures are from Myer and Smith (2006) From Myer and Smith (2006) From Koning et al.(2013) From Koning From Myer and Smith (2006) Espinaso Fm: Lt gray, well-cemented volcaniclastic sandstone and conglomerate. Clasts dominated by latite and andesite lithologies Annotated graphic column from Myer and Smith (2006) Map showing Espinaso volcanoes and volcaniclastic deposition relative to modern topography Outcrop of Espinaso Fm (36-28 Ma) Outcrop of Espinaso Fm Cieneguilla basanite: Vesicular basalt with pyroxene +/- olivine phenocrysts. Flows are interbedded with volcaniclastic sediment. This package interfingers to east and north with other early rift units. Widespread in Espanola Basin and generally returns radiometric dates of 26-25 Ma. Sharp contact. Likely a disconformity Annotated graphic column from Myer and Smith (2006) Photos of lithosome E, volcaniclastic sediment Outcrop of Cieneguilla basanite –earliest rift mafic volcanism (26-25 Ma) Depositional setting of Santa Fe Group Modified from Koning and Read (2010) Santa Fe Group comprises the Rio Grande rift basin fill and is 27-1 Ma In Española Basin, it includes the Tesuque Fm (late Oligocene-late Miocene), Chamita Formation (mid-late Miocene), and Ancha Fm (Plio-Pleistocene) The Santa Fe Group consists of several laterally adjacent lithofacies corresponding to specific depositional environments In Española Basin, a marked coarsening of sedimentation occurs at 13.2-13.0 Ma; this coarser, younger sediment can be considered as the Chamita Fm in the Buckman area Part of Plate 1 of Koning et al., 2013 Modified from Koning et al. (2007) Coarser-grained Cuarteles Mbr (medial eastern alluvial slope lithofacies) Muddy very fine to very coarse sand and pebbles with minor silt and clay beds Greater than 15-20% coarse channel sediment; ribbon too broadly lenticular beds Sand is arkosic; gravel dominated by granite with <1% Paleozoic clasts and <2% quartzite Color: Reddish yellow to pink Distal, finer-grained Cuarteles Mbr (distal eastern alluvial slope lithofacies) Silty very fine- to fine-grained sand with subordinate silt and clay beds Coarse channel sediment is sparse; ribbon to broadly lenticular beds Sand is arkosic; gravel dominated by granite with <2% Paleozoic clasts and <2% quartzite clasts Color: Pink to light brown Vallito Member axial river deposits Mostly channel-fills of fine- to coarse-grained, subrounded, “clean” sand Channel-fills are wide and locally cross-stratified Gravel composed of rhyolite-dacite with subordinate granite, quartzite, and Paleozoic sedimentary clasts Color: Very pale brown to pink Hernandez Member of Chamita Fm •180-370 m thick •Gray pebble-cobble conglomerate channels •Light brown floodplain deposits of fine sand and mud •Gravel contains volcanic rocks with subordinate quartzite •Age of 11.5 to 6 Ma Hernandez Member of Chamita Fm Younger rift stratigraphic Ancha Fm type section package (east slope of Caja del Rio Plateau) Modified from Koning et al. (2002) Figure from Thompson et al., 2006 Volcanic rocks of the Cerros del Rio volcanic field >700 km2 and one of the largest basaltic volcanic fields in the Rio Grande rift Three volcanic phases •First-phase eruptions (2.8-2.6 Ma) formed large volcanoes with constructive topography •Second-phase eruptions (2.5- 2.2 Ma) issued from numerous smaller-volume vents; the flows filled topographic lows between the older, larger volcanoes •Third-phase eruptions were largely limited to small-volume eruptions in the western 1/3 of the volcanic field Information is from Thompson et al. (2006) Groundwater notes From Johnson (2009) Groundwater flows westward through the Tesuque Fm from the mountains towards the Rio Grande Generally downward vertical gradients near the mountain front and upward vertical gradients in western part of map The Cañada Ancha area is a discharge zone for regional groundwater flow Uncorrected groundwater C-14 ages are 18,700 to 35,400 yrs (Manning, 2009) Groundwater notes From Johnson (2009) Along the groundwater flow path, the waters changes from cool (<15° C) Ca-HCO3 waters to warm (>15° C) Na or mixed Na-Ca- HCO3 waters There appears to be a thermal gradient high (>40° C/km) coincident with the Caja del Rio horst Summarized from Johnson et al. (2013) From Johnson et al. (2013) N REFERENCES FOR TALK BY DAN KONING FOR SAGE, JUNE 26, 2013 Note: Ages for stratigraphic units are summarized in Koning et al. (2013) and Appendix A of this work. Johnson, P.S., 2009, Water-level elevation contours and groundwater-flow conditions (2000- 2005) for the Santa Fe area, southern Española Basin, New Mexico: New Mexico Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources Open-file Report 520 (CD-ROM). Johnson, P.S., Koning, D.J., and Partey, F.K., 2013, Shallow groundwater geochemistry in the Española Basin, Rio Grande rift, New Mexico: Evidence for structural control of a deep thermal source, in Hudson, M.R., and Grauch, V.J.S. (Tien), eds., New Perspectives on Rio Grande Rift Basins: From Tectonics to Groundwater: Geological Society of America Special Paper 494, p. 261-301, doi: 10.1130/2013.2494(11). Koning, D.J., and Aby, S.B., 2005, Proposed Members of the Chamita Formation, north-central New Mexico, in Lucas, S.G., Zeigler, K.E., Lueth, V.W., and Owen, D.E., eds., Geology of the Chama Basin: New Mexico Geological Society, 56th Annual Field Conference Guidebook, p. 258-278. Koning, D.J., Connell, S.D., Pazzaglia, F.J., and McIntosh, W.C., 2002, Redefinition of the Ancha Formation and Pliocene-Pleistocene deposition in the Santa Fe embayment, north- central New Mexico: New Mexico Geology, v. 24, no. 3, p. 75-87. Koning, D.J., Broxton, D., Sawyer, D., Vaniman, D., and Shomaker, J., 2007, Surface and subsurface stratigraphy of the Santa Fe Group near White Rock and the Buckman areas of the Española Basin, north-central New Mexico, in Kues, B.S., Kelley, S.A., and Lueth, W., eds., Geology of the Jemez Region II: New Mexico Geological Society, 58th Annual Field Conference Guidebook, p. 209-224. Koning, D.J., Grauch, V.J.S., Connell, S.D., Ferguson, J., McIntosh, W., Slate, J.S., Wan, E., and Baldridge, W.S., 2013, Structure and tectonic evolution of the eastern Española Basin, Rio Grande rift, north-central New Mexico, in Hudson, M.R., and Grauch, V.J.S. (Tien), eds., New Perspectives on Rio Grande Rift Basins: From Tectonics to Groundwater: Geological Society of America Special Paper 494, p. 185-219, doi: 10.1130/2013.2494(08). Minor, S.A., Hudson, M.R., Caine, J.S., and Thompson, R.A., 2013, Oblique transfer of extensional strain between basins of the middle Rio Grande rift, New Mexico: Fault kinematic and paleostress constraints, in Hudson, M.R., and Grauch, V.J.S. (Tien), eds., New Perspectives on Rio Grande Rift Basins: From Tectonics to Groundwater: Geological Society of America Special Paper 494, p. 345-382, doi: 10.1130/2013.2494(14). Myer, C., and Smith, G.A., 2006, Stratigraphic analysis of the Yates #2 La Mesa well and implications for southern Española Basin tectonic history: New Mexico Geology, vol. 28, no. 3, p. 75-83. Rodriguez, B.D., Sawyer, D.A., 2013, Geophysical constraints on Rio Grande rift structure and stratigraphy from magnetotelluric models and borehole resistivity logs, northern New Mexico, in Hudson, M.R., and Grauch, V.J.S. (Tien), eds., New Perspectives on Rio Grande Rift Basins: From Tectonics to Groundwater: Geological Society of America Special Paper 494, p. 323-344, doi: 10.1130/2013.2494(13). Thompson, R.A., Sawyer, D.A., Hudson, M.R., Grauch, V.J.S., and McIntosh, W.C., 2006, Cenozoic volcanism of the La Bajada constriction area, New Mexico, Chapter C of Minor, S.A. (ed.), The Cerrillos uplift, the La Bajada constriction, and hydrogeologic framework of the Santo Domingo Basin, Rio Grande rift, New Mexico: U.S.
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