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Jurnal Politeknik Caltex Riau Jurnal Akuntansi Keuangan dan Bisnis Vol. 11, No. 2, November 2018, 87-96 87 Jurnal Politeknik Caltex Riau http://jurnal.pcr.ac.id The Effect of Financial Performance and Company Size on The Indonesian Sharia Stocks Eva Nurlita1 dan Robiyanto Robiyanto2 1Universitas Kristen Satya Wacana, email: [email protected] 2 Universitas Kristen Satya Wacana, email: [email protected] Abstract There are new alternatives that measure performance based on value and are still rarely used specifically in stocks based on Islamic law. This study aims to find and obtain empirical evidence concerning the influence of Economic Value Added (EVA), Market Value Added (MVA), Financial Value Added (FVA) and the size of the company to the stock price of sharia companies listed in the Jakarta Islamic Index period 2014-2016. By using purposive sampling, obtained sample of 13 sharia stocks observed in annual period, hence obtained panel data as much as 39. Data analyzed by using multiple regression. The results showed that Market Value Added has a significant positive effect on stock prices. EVA, FVA, and firm size have no significant effect on stock prices. Keywords: Economic Value Added (EVA); Market Value Added (MVA); Financial Value Added (FVA); Jakarta Islamic Index (JII) 1. Introduction Capital market growth in Indonesia attracts companies to make the capital market as a source of working capital, business expansion, and product diversification. Companies prefer capital market as a means to obtain sources of funds in the development of the company. Many companies are interested for Initial Public Offering (IPO) on Indonesia Stock Exchange to sell the company’s ownership to the public. These developments can be seen from the positive growth of Jakarta Composite Index in the last five years in the capital market statistics 2016. Capital market growth creates an exciting new alternative financial system that is capital market based on Islamic law called Sharia capital market [1]. Like conventional capital market in general, sharia-based capital market is an important component in an overall financial system [2]. Sharia-based capital markets have Islamic principles with the aim of equitable prosperity with justice on the transactions [3]. The principles of sharia are Islamic legal principles governing activities in the Capital Market based on the fatwa of the Dewan Syariah Nasional (DSN), Majelis Ulama Indonesia (MUI) and not contrary to the Financial Service Authority Regulation [4]. Islamic principles such as caution, prohibited speculation or manipulation and do not contain or remove elements of riba, gharar, maysir, risywah, gharar, maksiat, and dzalim on each transaction [5]. The growth of sharia-based capital markets can be seen in the JII index which increased in 2014 until 2017 although it had a decline in 2015 to 2016. The growth of Islamic capital market based on Islamic Sharia is attracting potential investors to invest in obtaining expected Dokumen diterima pada Selasa 30 Oktober, 2018 Dipublikasikan pada Jumat 30 November, 2018 88 Eva Nurlita & Robiyanto return on funds that implanted. This expected rate of return is considered in an investment decision. To consider an investment decision, an investor wants to know the financial situation in a company. Thus, measurements to analyze financial performance is required. The increase in stock prices in the capital market is the hope of companies with good financial performance [6]. To see a company already using and implementing good and correct financial regulations required an analysis of financial performance [7]. Abdullah, et al. [8] find the negative effect between the company's financial performance on the stock price. While Rakasetya, et al. [9], Tan and Syarif [10] find that the company's financial performance has a positive effect on stock prices. Companies whose financial performance is well managed will create a positive reputation for the company and is expected to increase the company's stock returns. Company performance is calculated using the financial ratio. The calculation of performance appraisal using the financial ratio method is easy to do but has some disadvantages, among others, can not measure the company's performance of firm value. Financial ratios can only measure the level of profitability, liquidity, solvency, and activity. Therefore to complete the weakness of financial analysis is the concept of Economic Value Added (EVA), Market Value Added (MVA) and Financial Value Added (FVA). EVA can measure performance by paying attention to the expectations and interests of the fund provider, i.e. creditor and shareholder. Market Value Added calculates the market performance of a company that describes the company's capability of capital from investors [11]. In addition to EVA, there are tools to measure other performance that is Financial Value Added (FVA) which is still rarely used. FVA is a new method that takes into consideration the value of a firm's fixed assets in measuring the ability of a firm to generate net income in an enterprise [12]. This study calculates the financial performance based on the value measured by EVA, MVA, and FVA which are still rarely used specifically in sharia companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The size of a company can be measured using the amount of income, total assets, number of employees, and total capital. Setiyono and Amanah [13], Wijaya [14], Acheampong, et al. [15], Murniati [16] found that firm size had a positive effect on stock prices. This is reflected by the large total assets owned by the company can provide a positive signal to investors and potential investors that the company is in good condition [17]. Investors and potential investors will be attracted to reputable companies and good financial performance so that the company's stock price may increase. The price of fluctuating stocks is caused by daily demand and supply in Jakarta Automatic Trade (JAT). This study aims to analyze the effect of financial performance based on firm value measured by Economic Value Added, Market Value Added and Financial Value Added and the size of a company that will impact on stock price of a company in accordance with the principles of Islamic Sharia in Indonesia. Thus, this research can be a consideration of investors in making investment decisions in accordance with consider the value of the company and according to Islamic Shari'a. Companies can also create value added at the lowest possible cost. 2. Literature Review 2.1 Financial Performance and Hypothesis Development Measuring company performance is needed to know the success of the company in maximizing shareholder wealth [18]. Performance measurement often uses easy financial ratio analysis methods in its inclusion as long as historical data is available. But the analysis of The Effect of Financial Performance and Company Size ... 89 financial ratios have a weakness that is because the past data used is accounting data in the form of estimates that can cause distortions that cause financial performance can’t be measured accurately. The measurement focuses on the financing the company spends on. Alternatives of the measurement of performance is by Economic Value Added (EVA) [19], Market Value Added (MVA) [11], and Financial Value Added (FVA) [19]. 2.1.1 Economic Value Added In 1982 the company Stern Steward & Co. developed the method of Economic Value Added (EVA), which focused on perceptual changes in corporate profits [20]. This is a new method to translate the company's success. EVA explains the economic value-added of a company that encourages companies to create economic benefits with minimal expenditure. Lehn and Makhija [21], Machuga, et al. [22], Ahmed [23] find that EVA performance measurements are closely related to stock returns. EVA can complete financial ratio analysis because it can pay attention to fund provider's expectation (creditor & shareholder). So it can be seen how the actual cost is needed based on the use of the venture capital company. According to [24], Tunggal [25], EVA has several benefits, among others: (1) EVA can stand alone without comparing with other measures such as similar companies or analyze trends (2) Eva encourages companies to capital cost efficiency in investment. EVA is calculated by subtracting the operating profit after tax (Net Operating Profit After Tax or NOPAT) with the cost of capital (Cost Of Capital or COC). With the existence of EVA the company can make policy about capital structure and company and choose investment or project with low capital cost but have high rate of return and maximize company value. H1: Economic Value Added (EVA) have a positive influence on stock price 2.1.2 Market Value Added (MVA) To estimate companies that can create shareholder value added can be measured with Market Value Added [26]. MVA is the difference between the market value of the firm and the capital provided by the investor over a period. MVA is also connected to the value of EVA [11]. Market Value Added, or MVA indicates the market performance of a company. Performance in question is the level of ability of the company's capital owned by investors. The data used is stock price. The higher MVA value shows good performance because it can increase the value addition of capital from investor. The company succeeded in creating market value added for shareholders if the total market value of the company exceeds the amount of capital invested in it. If the invested capital is more than market value then, the company has destroyed shareholder value [24]. H2: Market Value Added (MVA) have a positive influence on stock price 2.1.3 Financial Value Added (FVA) New methods that use this added value as well as EVA but pay more attention to the contribution of fixed assets in generating profits in the company [12]. Therefore, Financial Value Added (FVA) can be measured by Net Operating Profit After Tax (NOPAT) minus Equivalent Depreciation and Depreciation.
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