Introduction to Controlled Vocabularies Featuring the Getty Vocabularies
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Thesauruses and Ontologies
Thesauruses and ontologies Silvia Arano Citación recomendada: Silvia Arano. Thesauruses and ontologies [en linea]. "Hipertext.net", num. 3, 2005. <http://www.hipertext.net> [Consulted: 12 feb. 2007]. 1. Introduction During the past few years, the information representation and retrieval sector in the area of Documentation and Biblioteconomy has had to assume the important repercussions of the Internet and its associated technologies, and in particular, the World Wide Web (WWW). Technological modifications arising from these important changes are leading to the gradual digitalisation of the information representation and retrieval sector, affecting information artefacts, representation and retrieval tools and user requirements. In the light of this growing context of digitalisation, diverse information representation and retrieval tools exist, which must be studied in addition to diverse fields of knowledge in which these tools have originated: Linguistics, Artificial Intelligence, Documentation, Linguistic Engineering... Hence, in specialised literature, analyses are performed on information representation and retrieval tools, taxonomies, classification systems, computational lexicons, lexical databases, thesauruses, titles lists, knowledge bases, conceptual maps, ontologies, synonym rings and semantic networks, among others. Among this wide spectrum of information representation and retrieval tools are thesauruses and ontologies, which are most often linked in bibliography, even though they come from completely different disciplinary areas. However, the conceptualisation applied by authors to the terms "thesaurus" and "ontology" is quite diverse, and sometimes authors confuse, oppose, complement or overlap both these concepts. The overall objective of the present article [ 1] is to establish the relationship between the concepts of thesaurus and ontology in the Documentation and Biblioteconomy field. Two specific objectives have been established for this purpose. -
Abridged Overview of the Getty Vocabularies
Getty Vocabularies: Patricia Harpring Managing Editor The Basics Getty Vocabulary Program OVERVIEW: ABRIDGED VERSION revised May 2020 P. Harpring Abridged Overview of Getty Vocabularies revised 5 May 2020 1 Table of Contents Preface 3 What Are Getty Vocabularies 6 AAT 14 ULAN 19 TGN 21 IA 23 CONA 25 What Do We Do? 34 Abridged Overview of Getty Vocabularies P. Harpring Abridged Overview of Getty Vocabularies revised 5 May 2020 2 www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabularies/index.html PREFACE • Publications and online resources: • This presentation is a condensed introduction of the Getty vocabularies, AAT, TGN, ULAN, CONA, and IA • Editorial guidelines • Training materials • How to translate • Other materials Abridged Overview of Getty Vocabularies P. Harpring Abridged Overview of Getty Vocabularies revised 5 May 2020 3 www.getty.edu/research/publications/electronic_publications/intro_controlled_vocab/ PREFACE For basic information on vocabularies, see Introduction to Controlled Vocabularies (Harpring, Baca editor, revised 2013) and its bibliography Defines the characteristics, scope, and uses of controlled vocabularies for art and cultural materials, and explains how vocabularies should be integrated in cataloging systems and utilized for indexing and retrieval Available in hardcopy and online Translated in Portuguese in 2016 Abridged Overview of Getty Vocabularies P. Harpring Abridged Overview of Getty Vocabularies revised 5 May 2020 4 www.getty.edu/research/publications/electronic_publications/cdwa/index.html PREFACE For basic -
Descriptive Metadata Guidelines for RLG Cultural Materials I Many Thanks Also to These Individuals Who Reviewed the Final Draft of the Document
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OGC Testbed-14: Semantically Enabled Aviation Data Models Engineering Report
OGC Testbed-14 Semantically Enabled Aviation Data Models Engineering Report Table of Contents 1. Summary . 4 1.1. Requirements & Research Motivation . 4 1.2. Prior-After Comparison. 4 1.3. Recommendations for Future Work . 5 1.4. What does this ER mean for the Working Group and OGC in general . 6 1.5. Document contributor contact points . 6 1.6. Foreword . 6 2. References . 8 3. Terms and definitions . 9 3.1. Semantics . 9 3.2. Service Description. 9 3.3. Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) . 9 3.4. Registry . 9 3.5. System Wide Information Management (SWIM) . 9 3.6. Taxonomy . 9 3.7. Web Service . 10 4. Abbreviated Terms . 11 5. Overview . 12 6. Review of Data Models . 13 6.1. Information Exchange Models . 13 6.1.1. Flight Information Exchange Model (FIXM). 13 6.1.2. Aeronautical Information Exchange (AIXM) Model. 13 6.1.3. Weather Information Exchange Model (WXXM) . 14 6.1.4. NASA Air Traffic Management (ATM) Model . 14 6.2. Service description models . 19 6.2.1. Service Description Conceptual Model (SDCM) . 19 6.2.2. Web Service Description Ontological Model (WSDOM). 23 6.2.3. SWIM Documentation Controlled Vocabulary (FAA) . 25 7. Semantic Enablement Approaches . 27 8. Metadata level semantic enablement . 33 8.1. Issues with existing metadata standards . 34 8.1.1. Identification of Resources. 34 8.1.2. Resolvable URI. 34 8.1.3. Multilingual Support . 35 8.1.4. External Resource Descriptions . 35 8.1.5. Controlled Vocabulary Management . 36 8.1.6. Keywords Types . 37 8.1.7. Keyword Labeling Inconsistencies . -
Contents the Three Languages Theory In
Ie Contents The Three LanguagesTheory in Information Retrieval Part-controlled Vocabulary for Literature Studies UDC: International Medium Edition - English Text Class Number Searching in an Experimental Online Catalog UDC 168 + International Classification Vol. 13 (1986) Nr. 3 025.4 + 001.4 (05) INTERNATIONAL CLASSIFICATION Devoted to Concept Theory, Systematic Ter minology and Organization of Knowledge Editors Dr. phil. Ingetraut Dahlberg, 0-6000 Frank furt 50, Woogstr. 36a, Editor-in-chief Prof. Dr. med. Dr. phil. Alwin Diemer, Philo sophisches Institut der Universitat Dusseldorf, D-4000 Dusseldorf 1, Universitatsstr. 1, FRG. Prof. Jean M. Perreault, University Library, University of Alabama, P. O. B. 2600 Hunts Contents ville, Alabama 35807, USA Prof. Arashanipalai Neelameghan, clo Unes Editorial co PGI. 7, Place de Fontenoy, F-75700 Paris New Uses for Old Schemes 125 co-sponsored by - FID/CR (Federation Internationale de Do Articles cumentation, Committee on Classification Re G.Deschatelets: The three languages theory in information retrieval. 126 search, address see Dr. I. Dahlberg K.Harris: Part-controlled vocabulary for literature studies ..... 133 A.Chatterjee, G.G.Choudhury: UDC: International Medium Edition - Consulting Editors Mrs. Jean Aitchison, 12, Sollershott West, English text ....... ,. .. ....... ... .... 137 K.Markey: Class number searching in an experimental online catalog 142 Letchworth, Herts., SG6 3PX, England Prof. Asterio T. Campos, Departamento de Bi Reports and Communications . ... .. 151 blioteconomia, Universidade de Brasilia, Bra CSNA Annual Meeting 1986 - COMPSTAT 1986 - Fall Meeting of SEK DA-NK, silia OF, Brazil Gesellschaft flir Klassifikation - Stability in Classification - Dr. A.1. Cernyj, VINITI, Moscow A-219 Bal Standardization in Computerized Lexicography - Going for Gold - tijskaja u1. -
User's Guide to the TGN Data Releases
Getty Thesaurus of Geographic Names™ User’s Guide to the TGN Data Releases Release Version 2.0 © The J. Paul Getty Trust, 2000 . User’s Guide to the TGN Data Releases Release Version 2.0 Compiled and Edited by Patricia Harpring, Managing Editor Getty Vocabulary Program Getty Thesaurus of Geographic Names™ The Getty Vocabulary Program 1200 Getty Center Drive, Suite 1100 Los Angeles, California 90049-1680 http://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/ 02/12/2001 © The J. Paul Getty Trust, 2001 TGN Release Formats User’s Guide © the J. Paul Getty Trust, 2000. All rights reserved. © The J. Paul Getty Trust, 2001 TGN Release Formats User’s Guide CONTENTS PREFACE . v ACKNOWLEDGMENTS . vii CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION . 1 OVERVIEW . 1 ABOUT THE TGN . 1 CHAPTER 2: RELATIONAL FILES FORMAT . 5 OVERVIEW . 5 DATA DICTIONARY. 7 CHAPTER 3: REC FORMAT. 17 OVERVIEW . 17 DATA DICTIONARY . 20 CHAPTER 4: USMARC FORMAT . 33 OVERVIEW . 33 DATA DICTIONARY . 35 CHAPTER 5: CONTENTS OF THE TGN . 43 OVERVIEW . 43 Relationships . 44 SCOPE . 46 What Is a Geographic Place? . 47 THE RECORD FOR EACH PLACE . 49 Names . 50 Preferred Name . 51 Variant Names . 51 Alphabet . 53 Sequence of Names . 53 Contributors . 55 Bibliography . 55 Latitude and Longitude . 57 Descriptive Note . 57 Place Types . 58 Preferred Place Type . 58 Sort Order and Dates for Place Types . 59 THE HIERARCHY . 61 View of the Hierarchy . 61 English View of the Hierarchy . 63 Islands in the Hierarchy . 64 Physical and Political Geography . 64 Administrative Subdivisions . 65 © The J. Paul Getty Trust, 2000 TGN Release Formats User’s Guide Urban Expansion . -
What Are Controlled Vocabularies?
2. What Are Controlled Vocabularies? A controlled vocabulary is an organized arrangement of words and phrases used to index content and/or to retrieve content through browsing or searching. It typically includes preferred and variant terms and has a defined scope or describes a specific domain. 2.1. Purpose of Controlled Vocabularies The purpose of controlled vocabularies is to organize information and to provide terminology to catalog and retrieve information. While capturing the richness of variant terms, controlled vocabularies also promote consistency in preferred terms and the assignment of the same terms to similar content. Given that a shared goal of the cultural heritage community is to improve access to visual arts and material culture information, controlled vocabularies are essential. They are necessary at the indexing phase because without them catalogers will not consistently use the same term to refer to the same person, place, or thing. In the retrieval process, various end users may use different synonyms or more generic terms to refer to a given concept. End users are often not specialists and thus need to be guided because they may not know the correct term. The most important functions of a controlled vocabulary are to gather together variant terms and synonyms for concepts and to link concepts in a logical order or sort them into categories. Are a rose window and a Catherine wheel the same thing? How is pot-metal glass related to the more general term stained glass? The links and relationships in a controlled vocabulary ensure that these connections are defined and maintained, for both cataloging and retrieval. -
Taxonomy Directed Folksonomies
2nd Version Date : 19/06/2007 TAXONOMY DIRECTED FOLKSONOMIES Integrating user tagging and controlled vocabularies for Australian education networks Sarah Hayman and Nick Lothian education.au Adelaide Australia Meeting: 157 Classification and Indexing Simultaneous Interpretation: No WORLD LIBRARY AND INFORMATION CONGRESS: 73RD IFLA GENERAL CONFERENCE AND COUNCIL 19-23 August 2007, Durban, South Africa http://www.ifla.org/iv/ifla73/index.htm 1 Abstract What is the role of controlled vocabulary in a Web 2.0 world? Can we have the best of both worlds: balancing folksonomies and controlled vocabularies to help communities of users find and share information and resources most relevant to them? education.au develops and manages Australian online services for education and training. Its goal is to bring people, learning and technology together. education.au projects are increasingly involved in exploring the use of Web 2.0 developments building on user ideas, knowledge and experience, and how these might be integrated with existing information management systems. This paper presents work being undertaken in this area, particularly in relation to controlled vocabularies, and discusses the challenges faced. Education Network Australia (edna) is a leading online resource collection and collaborative network for education, with an extensive repository of selected educational resources with metadata created by educators and information specialists. It uses controlled vocabularies for metadata creation and searching, where users receive suggested related terms from an education thesaurus, with their results. We recognise that no formal thesaurus can keep pace with user needs so are interested in exploiting the power of folksonomies. We describe a proof of concept project to develop community contributions to managing information and resources, using Taxonomy-Directed Folksonomy. -
Download the 2021 IEEE Thesaurus
2021 IEEE Thesaurus Version 1.0 Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 2021 IEEE Thesaurus The IEEE Thesaurus is a controlled The IEEE Thesaurus also provides a vocabulary of almost 10,900 descriptive conceptual map through the use of engineering, technical and scientific terms, semantic relationships such as broader as well as IEEE-specific society terms terms (BT), narrower terms (NT), 'used for' [referred to as “descriptors” or “preferred relationships (USE/UF), and related terms terms”] .* Each descriptor included in the (RT). These semantic relationships identify thesaurus represents a single concept or theoretical connections between terms. unit of thought. The descriptors are Italic text denotes Non-preferred terms. considered the preferred terms for use in Bold text is used for preferred headings. describing IEEE content. The scope of descriptors is based on the material presented in IEEE journals, conference Abbreviations used in the Thesaurus: papers, standards, and/or IEEE organizational material. A controlled BT - Broader term vocabulary is a specific terminology used in NT - Narrower term a consistent and controlled fashion that RT - Related term results in better information searching and USE- Use preferred term retrieval. UF - Used for Thesaurus construction is based on the ANSI/NISO Z39.19-2005(2010) standard, Guidelines for the Construction, Format, and Management of Monolingual Controlled Vocabulary. The Thesaurus vocabulary uses American-based spellings with cross references to British variant spellings. The scope and structure of the IEEE Thesaurus reflects the engineering and scientific disciplines that comprise the Societies, Councils, and Communities of the IEEE in *Refer to ANSI/NISO NISO Z39.19-2005 addition to the technologies IEEE serves. -
Controlled Vocabulary and Folksonomies
Controlled Vocabulary and Folksonomies Louise Spiteri School of Information Management What are folksonomies? Folksonomies (known also as “social classifications”) are user created metadata. They are grassroots community classification of digital assets. The term “folksonomy” was created by Thomas Vander Val and represents a merging of the terms “folk” and “taxonomy.” One form of explicit user created metadata was popularized in the late 1990s with link-focused websites called weblogs. Where are folksonomies found? Folksonomies are found in social bookmarks managers such as Del.icio.us (http://del.icio.us/) and Furl (http://www.furl.net/), which allow users to: Add bookmarks of sites they like to their personal collections of links Organize and categorize these sites by adding their own terms, or tags Share this collection with other people with the same interests. The tags are used to collocate bookmarks: (a) within a user’s collection; and (b) across the entire system, e.g., the page http://del.icio.us/tag/blogging will show all bookmarks that are tagged with “blogging” by any user. Inter-term relationships There are no clearly defined relations between and among the terms in the vocabulary, unlike formal taxonomies and classification schemes, where there are multiple kinds of explicit relationships (e.g., broader, narrower, and related terms) between and among terms. Folksonomies are simply the set of terms that a group of users tagged content with; they are not a predetermined set of classification terms or labels. Popular folksonomy sites Del.icio.us (http://del.icio.us) Flickr (http://www.flickr.com) Frassle (http://www.frassle.org) Furl (http://www.furl.net) Simpy (http://www.simpy.com) Spurl (http://www.spurl.com) Technorati (http://www.technorati.com) How folksonomies work Registration is free. -
Controlled Vocabularies: an Overview
Controlled Vocabularies: an Overview MURTHA BACA DESCRIPTIVE METADATA WORKSHOP AT REED COLLEGE MAY 28, 2010 TYPOLOGY of DATA STANDARDS Data structure standards (metadata element sets): MARC, EAD, Dublin Core, CDWA, VRA Core Categories Data content standards (cataloging rules): AACR (ÎRDA), ISBD, CCO, DACS Data value standards (vocabularies): LCSH, LCNAF, TGM, AAT, ULAN , TGN, MeSH DtData forma tstddtandards (tdd(standards expressed in machine-readable form): MARC, MARCXML, MODS, EAD, CDWA Lite XML, Dublin Core Simple XML schema, DC Qualified XML schema, VRA Core XML schema M. Baca: Overview of Controlled Vocabularies Workshop at Reed College, 2010-05-28 1 What are vocabularies? y Maps to guide people to information { creating / filli ng { searching / researching { organizing / classifying / thinking y Collections of terminology where relationships between terms are represented y Data value standards (i.e. what is used to “fill” metadata elements/categories or “containers” of information) What are vocabularies? “Knowledge bases” -- bodies of knowledge represented by language (glossaries, dictionaries, thesauri, word lists) M. Baca: Overview of Controlled Vocabularies Workshop at Reed College, 2010-05-28 2 Types of terms in vocabularies personal names: Collate, Charles B. geographic names: Campbeltown (Argyll and Bute, SldScotland, UK) object names: clack valve corporate names: Cambrian Railways iconographic subjects and themes: The Legend of John Henry genre terms: political cartoons, fish stories multilingual equivalents: flat -
The Getty Vocabularies and Linked Open Data: Introduction and Editorial Perspective
THE GETTY VOCABULARIES AND LINKED OPEN DATA: INTRODUCTION AND EDITORIAL PERSPECTIVE revised September 2014 Patricia Harpring Managing Editor, Getty Vocabulary Program Patricia Harpring © 2014 J. Paul Getty Trust. For educational purposes only. Do not distribute. Images may be under additional copyright Table of Contents What are the Getty vocabularies? Scope and content of the Getty vocabularies Getty vocabularies to LOD: Editorial perspective What is LOD? In brief. www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabularies/index.html What Are the Getty Vocabularies? AAT TGN ULAN CONA Patricia Harpring © 2014 J. Paul Getty Trust. For educational purposes only. Do not distribute. Images may be under additional copyright What are the Getty vocabularies? . Catherine wheel or rose window? Mona Lisa or La Gioconda? . The AAT, TGN, ULAN and CONA contain multilingual terminology and other related data to describe o visual art, architecture, other cultural heritage works, conservation, archaeology, archival materials, visual surrogates, and related bibliographic materials Patricia Harpring © 2014 J. Paul Getty Trust. For educational purposes only. Do not distribute. Images may be under additional copyright Getty vocabularies are valued as authoritative o Grow through contributions from experts o Contributors and sources are cited Compiled, merged, edited, and published by the Getty Vocabulary Program and our talented, tireless technical team Data is made available in various ways: via online searching; relational tables, XML format, Web services APIs o Now as Linked Open Data: structured and published to make it openly accessible and shareable on the Semantic Web . Open Data Commons Attribution License (ODC-By) v1.0 . Allows sharing, creation, adaptation of data with attribution Patricia Harpring © 2014 J.