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African Development Report 2015 Growth, Poverty and Inequality Nexus
African Development Report 2015 African Despite earlier periods of limited growth, African economies Sustaining recent growth successes while making future growth have grown substantially over the past decade. However, poverty more inclusive requires smart policies to diversify the sources African Development and inequality reduction has remained less responsive to growth of growth and to ensure broad-based participation across successes across the continent. How does growth affect poverty segments of society. Africa needs to adopt a new development and inequality? How can Africa overcome contemporary and trajectory that focuses on effective structural transformation. Report 2015 future sustainable development challenges? This 2015 edition Workers need to move from low productivity sectors to those of the African Development Report (ADR) offers analysis, where both productivity and earnings are higher. Key poverty- Growth, Poverty and Inequality Nexus: synthesis and recommendations that are relevant to these reducing sectors, such as agriculture and manufacturing, should Overcoming Barriers to Sustainable Development questions. The objective of this Report is to guide policy be targeted and accorded high priority for public and private Growth, Poverty Growth, Development and Inequality Sustainable to Nexus: Overcoming Barriers processes by contributing to the debate analysing what has investment. Adding value to many of Africa’s primary exports happened during recent years, what has worked well, what may earn the continent a competitive margin in international hasn’t worked well, and what needs to be done to address markets, while also meeting domestic market needs, especially further barriers to sustainable development in Africa? Africa’s with regard to food security. Apart from the need to prioritise recent economic growth has not been accompanied by a real certain sectors, other policy recommendations emanating from structural transformation. -
Oecd Development Centre
OECD DEVELOPMENT CENTRE Working Paper No. 276 EXTRACTING THE MAXIMUM FROM THE EITI by Dilan Ölcer Research area: Global Development Outlook February 2009 Extracting the Maximum from the EITI DEV/DOC(2009)1 This series of working papers is intended to disseminate the Development Centre’s research findings rapidly among specialists in the field concerned. These papers are generally available in the original English or French, with a summary in the other language. Comments on this paper would be welcome and should be sent to the OECD Development Centre, 2, rue André Pascal, 75775 PARIS CEDEX 16, France; or to [email protected]. Documents may be downloaded from: http://www.oecd.org/dev/wp or obtained via e-mail ([email protected]). The opinions expressed and arguments employed in this document are the sole responsibility of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of the OECD or of the governments of its Member countries Cette série de documents de travail a pour but de diffuser rapidement auprès des spécialistes dans les domaines concernés les résultats des travaux de recherche du Centre de développement. Ces documents ne sont disponibles que dans leur langue originale, anglais ou français ; un résumé du document est rédigé dans l’autre langue. Tout commentaire relatif à ce document peut être adressé au Centre de développement de l’OCDE, 2, rue André Pascal, 75775 PARIS CEDEX 16, France; ou à [email protected]. Les documents peuvent être téléchargés à partir de: http://www.oecd.org/dev/wp ou obtenus via le mél ([email protected]). -
Oecd Development Centre
OECD DEVELOPMENT CENTRE Working Paper No. 262 STRENGTHENING PRODUCTIVE CAPACITIES IN EMERGING ECONOMIES THROUGH INTERNATIONALISATION: EVIDENCE FROM THE APPLIANCE INDUSTRY by Federico Bonaglia and Andrea Goldstein Research area: Policy Coherence and Productive Capacity Building July 2007 Strengthening Productive Capacities in Emerging Economies through Internationalisation DEV/DOC(2007)5 DEVELOPMENT CENTRE WORKING PAPERS This series of working papers is intended to disseminate the Development Centre’s research findings rapidly among specialists in the field concerned. These papers are generally available in the original English or French, with a summary in the other language. Comments on this paper would be welcome and should be sent to the OECD Development Centre, 2, rue André Pascal, 75775 PARIS CEDEX 16, France; or to [email protected]. Documents may be downloaded from: http://www.oecd.org/dev/wp or obtained via e-mail ([email protected]). THE OPINIONS EXPRESSED AND ARGUMENTS EMPLOYED IN THIS DOCUMENT ARE THE SOLE RESPONSIBILITY OF THE AUTHORS AND DO NOT NECESSARILY REFLECT THOSE OF THE OECD OR OF THE GOVERNMENTS OF ITS MEMBER COUNTRIES CENTRE DE DÉVELOPPEMENT DOCUMENTS DE TRAVAIL Cette série de documents de travail a pour but de diffuser rapidement auprès des spécialistes dans les domaines concernés les résultats des travaux de recherche du Centre de développement. Ces documents ne sont disponibles que dans leur langue originale, anglais ou français ; un résumé du document est rédigé dans l’autre langue. Tout commentaire relatif à ce document peut être adressé au Centre de développement de l’OCDE, 2, rue André Pascal, 75775 PARIS CEDEX 16, France ; ou à [email protected]. -
Oecd Development Centre
OECD DEVELOPMENT CENTRE Working Paper No. 111 (Formerly Technical Paper No. 111) GROW NOW/CLEAN LATER, OR THE PURSUIT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT? by David O’Connor Research programme on: Economic Opening, Technology Diffusion, Skills and Earnings March 1996 OCDE/GD(96)51 Technical Paper N°. 111, "Grow Now/Clean Later, or Pursuit of Sustainable Development ?", by David O'Connor, produced as part of the research programme on economic Opening, Technologiy Diffusion, Skills and Earnings, March 1996. TABLE OF CONTENTS RÉSUMÉ .............................................................................................................. 6 SUMMARY .......................................................................................................... 7 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.................................................................................. 8 PREFACE ............................................................................................................. 9 I. THE ENVIRONMENT-GROWTH TRADEOFF: QUOI DE NEUF? ............ 11 II. THE ENVIRONMENT IN THE EAST ASIAN "MIRACLE"....................... 15 III. THE COSTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION............................ 27 IV. THE COSTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPROVEMENT ........................... 31 V. LESSONS FOR TODAY'S LATE INDUSTRIALISERS................................ 37 ANNEX A: WHAT HAS HAPPENED TO ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY IN THE HPAEs? 39 NOTES ................................................................................................................. 43 REFERENCES .................................................................................................... -
Banking on Development: Private Banks and Aid Donors in Developing Countries
OECD DEVELOPMENT CENTRE Working Paper No. 263 BANKING ON DEVELOPMENT: PRIVATE BANKS AND AID DONORS IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES by Javier Rodríguez and Javier Santiso Research area: Financing Development November 2007 Banking on Development: Private Banks and Aid Donors in Developing Countries DEV/DOC(2007)6 DEVELOPMENT CENTRE WORKING PAPERS This series of working papers is intended to disseminate the Development Centre’s research findings rapidly among specialists in the field concerned. These papers are generally available in the original English or French, with a summary in the other language. Comments on this paper would be welcome and should be sent to the OECD Development Centre, 2, rue André Pascal, 75775 PARIS CEDEX 16, France; or to [email protected]. Documents may be downloaded from: http://www.oecd.org/dev/wp or obtained via e-mail ([email protected]). THE OPINIONS EXPRESSED AND ARGUMENTS EMPLOYED IN THIS DOCUMENT ARE THE SOLE RESPONSIBILITY OF THE AUTHORS AND DO NOT NECESSARILY REFLECT THOSE OF THE OECD OR OF THE GOVERNMENTS OF ITS MEMBER COUNTRIES CENTRE DE DÉVELOPPEMENT DOCUMENTS DE TRAVAIL Cette série de documents de travail a pour but de diffuser rapidement auprès des spécialistes dans les domaines concernés les résultats des travaux de recherche du Centre de développement. Ces documents ne sont disponibles que dans leur langue originale, anglais ou français ; un résumé du document est rédigé dans l’autre langue. Tout commentaire relatif à ce document peut être adressé au Centre de développement de l’OCDE, 2, rue André Pascal, 75775 PARIS CEDEX 16, France; ou à [email protected]. -
POLICY BRIEF No. 34
DEVELOPMENT CENTRE POLICY BRIEFS OECD DEVELOPMENT CENTRE POLICY BRIEF No. 34 In its research activities, the Development Centre aims to identify and analyse problems the implications of which will be of concern in the near future to both member and non-member countries of BANKING ON DEVELOPMENT the OECD. The conclusions represent a contribution to the search for policies to deal with the issues involved. PRIVATE FINANCIAL ACTORS AND DONORS IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES The Policy Briefs deliver the research findings in a concise and accessible way. This series, with its wide, targeted and rapid distribution, is specifically intended for policy and decision makers in the fields concerned. by This Brief militates for the creation of an Innovation Laboratory Javier Santiso for Development Finance to enhance interactions between public donors and private actors in development finance. It further argues for deeper involvement of actors from emerging and developing countries; multi-directional global alliances between financiers; a ● A large, untapped reservoir of potential partnerships between databank of current best practices and projects in public/private private financial institutions (banks, asset managers, private partnerships for development; and alliances between donors and equity firms, etc.) and aid donors remains to be fully exploited. private banks to alleviate the negative impact of Basel II rules. Finally, the Brief proposes the creation of a Development Finance ● Banks, private equity and asset management firms are Award in recognition of those institutions most prepared to exploit important parts of a broad set of private actors in the field. the synergies between private lenders and the public sector in pursuit of development objectives. -
Oecd Development Centre
OECD DEVELOPMENT CENTRE Working Paper No. 266 Informal Employment Re-loaded by Johannes Jütting, Jante Parlevliet and Theodora Xenogiani January 2008 Informal Employment Re-loaded DEV/DOC(2008)2 DEVELOPMENT CENTRE WORKING PAPERS This series of working papers is intended to disseminate the Development Centre’s research findings rapidly among specialists in the field concerned. These papers are generally available in the original English or French, with a summary in the other language. Comments on this paper would be welcome and should be sent to the OECD Development Centre, 2, rue André Pascal, 75775 PARIS CEDEX 16, France; or to [email protected]. Documents may be downloaded from: http://www.oecd.org/dev/wp or obtained via e-mail ([email protected]). THE OPINIONS EXPRESSED AND ARGUMENTS EMPLOYED IN THIS DOCUMENT ARE THE SOLE RESPONSIBILITY OF THE AUTHORS AND DO NOT NECESSARILY REFLECT THOSE OF THE OECD OR OF THE GOVERNMENTS OF ITS MEMBER COUNTRIES CENTRE DE DÉVELOPPEMENT DOCUMENTS DE TRAVAIL Cette série de documents de travail a pour but de diffuser rapidement auprès des spécialistes dans les domaines concernés les résultats des travaux de recherche du Centre de développement. Ces documents ne sont disponibles que dans leur langue originale, anglais ou français ; un résumé du document est rédigé dans l’autre langue. Tout commentaire relatif à ce document peut être adressé au Centre de développement de l’OCDE, 2, rue André Pascal, 75775 PARIS CEDEX 16, France; ou à [email protected]. Les documents peuvent être téléchargés à partir de: http://www.oecd.org/dev/wp ou obtenus via le mél ([email protected]). -
34011915.Pdf
The OECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development © OECD 2008 OECD material is also available at the following OECD WORLDWIDE Internet site: www.oecd.org OECD Headquarters 2, rue André-Pascal, 75775 Paris Cedex 16 Tel.: 33 (0) 1 45 24 81 67 Fax: 33 (0) 1 45 24 19 50 E-mail: [email protected] Online Ordering: www.oecd.org/bookshop News media inquiries OECD Berlin Centre Schumannstrasse 10, D-10117 Berlin OECD Media Relations Tel.: 49 (0) 30 2888 353 Fax: 49 (0) 30 2888 3545 Tel.: 33 (0) 1 45 24 97 00 E-mail: [email protected] Fax: 33 (0) 1 45 24 80 03/94 37 Internet: www.oecd.org/deutschland e-mail: [email protected] OECD Mexico Centre Av. Presidente Mazaryk 526 Colonia: Polanco, C.P. 11560 México, D.F. Tel.: 52 55 91 38 62 33 Fax: 52 55 52 80 04 80 E-mail: [email protected] Internet: www.oecd.org/centrodemexico OECD Tokyo Centre 3rd Floor, Nippon Press Center Building 2-2-1 Uchisaiwaicho Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0011 Tel.: 81 3 5532 0021 Fax: 81 3 5532 0035 E-mail: [email protected] Internet: www.oecdtokyo.org OECD Washington Center 2001 L Street, NW, Suite 650 Washington DC 20036-4922 Tel.: 1 202 785 6323 Fax: 1 202 785 0350 E-mail: [email protected] Internet: www.oecdwash.org www.oecd.org 2 3 Contents The OECD: what is it? 7 How has it developed? 9 Who does what? 11 Fast facts 15 Organisation Chart 16 Structure of the Organisation 18 Global relations 28 The OECD and the public 29 OECD member countries 31 5 THE OECD: WHAT IS IT? The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development is a unique forum where the governments of 30 market democracies work together to address the economic, social and governance challenges of globalisation as well as to exploit its opportunities (www.oecd.org/about). -
OECD DEVELOPMENT CENTRE POLICY BRIEF No
DEVELOPMENT CENTRE POLICY BRIEFS OECD DEVELOPMENT CENTRE POLICY BRIEF No. 39 In its research activities, the Development Centre aims to identify and analyse problems the implications of which will be of concern in the near future to both member and non-member MEASURING GOVERNANCE countries of the OECD. The conclusions represent a contribution to the search for policies to deal with the issues involved. by The Policy Briefs deliver the research findings in a Charles P. Oman and Christiane Arndt concise and accessible way. This series, with its wide, targeted and rapid distribution, is specifically intended for policy and decision makers in the fields concerned. Official development aid agencies, international investors, academics and the media have greatly increased their use of quantitative indicators to assess the quality of governance in Quantitative indicators of the quality of governance developing countries – with far reaching consequences for these in developing countries and emerging economies have countries. The most widely used indicators suffer from limits and greatly proliferated since the mid-1990s. biases which their users often ignore. This Policy Brief seeks to clarify theses limits and reduce the misuse of governance indicators. The main users of these indicators are international investors, official development agencies, journalists and academics. The most widely used, and misused, governance indicators are composite perceptions-based indicators. Even the most carefully constructed composite OECD DEVELOPMENT CENTRE indicators have limitations their users seem widely to 2, rue André-Pascal, ignore. 75775 Paris Cedex 16, France Tel.: +33 (0)1 45 24 82 00 Greater transparency is required both in the production Fax: +33 (0)1 44 30 61 49 and in the use of governance indicators. -
6.C Board Practices Corporate Governance Framework
Item 6. Directors, Senior Management and Employees 6.C Board practices Corporate governance Framework Novartis is committed to effective corporate governance, The Novartis corporate governance principles are fur- and our corporate governance framework is intended to ther elaborated in key governance documents, in partic- support sustainable financial performance and long- ular in our Articles of Incorporation and the Regulations term value creation for our shareholders, patients, of the Board, the Board Committees and the Executive employees and other stakeholders based on our Values Committee (Board Regulations) (www.novartis.com/ and Behaviors. investors/company-overview/corporate-governance). The Governance, Nomination and Corporate Responsi- bilities Committee (GNCRC) regularly reviews both the corporate governance principles and the key governance documents against evolving best practice standards and new developments in line with our commitment to main- taining the highest standards. Governance bodies GENERAL MEETING OF SHAREHOLDERS Approves operating and financial review, Novartis Group consolidated financial statements and financial statements of Novartis AG; decides appropriation of available earnings and dividend; approves compensation of Board and Executive Committee; elects Board members, Chairman, Compensation Committee members, Independent Proxy and external auditor; adopts and modifies Articles of Incorporation EXTERNAL AUDITOR BOARD OF DIRECTORS Provides opinion on AUDIT AND COMPENSATION GOVERNANCE, RESEARCH & RISK compliance -
Oecd Development Centre
OECD DEVELOPMENT CENTRE Working Paper No. 250 EFFECTS OF MIGRATION ON SENDING COUNTRIES: WHAT DO WE KNOW? by Louka T. Katseli, Robert E.B. Lucas and Theodora Xenogiani Research programme on: Economic and Social Effects of Migration on Sending Countries June 2006 Effects of Migration on Sending Countries: What Do We Know? DEV/DOC(2006)04 DEVELOPMENT CENTRE WORKING PAPERS This series of working papers is intended to disseminate the Development Centre’s research findings rapidly among specialists in the field concerned. These papers are generally available in the original English or French, with a summary in the other language. Comments on this paper would be welcome and should be sent to the OECD Development Centre, 2, rue André Pascal, 75775 PARIS CEDEX 16, France; or to [email protected]. Documents may be downloaded from: http://www.oecd.org/dev/wp or obtained via e-mail ([email protected]). THE OPINIONS EXPRESSED AND ARGUMENTS EMPLOYED IN THIS DOCUMENT ARE THE SOLE RESPONSIBILITY OF THE AUTHORS AND DO NOT NECESSARILY REFLECT THOSE OF THE OECD OR OF THE GOVERNMENTS OF ITS MEMBER COUNTRIES CENTRE DE DÉVELOPPEMENT DOCUMENTS DE TRAVAIL Cette série de documents de travail a pour but de diffuser rapidement auprès des spécialistes dans les domaines concernés les résultats des travaux de recherche du Centre de développement. Ces documents ne sont disponibles que dans leur langue originale, anglais ou français ; un résumé du document est rédigé dans l’autre langue. Tout commentaire relatif à ce document peut être adressé au Centre de développement de l’OCDE, 2, rue André Pascal, 75775 PARIS CEDEX 16, France; ou à [email protected]. -
Novartis in Society 2018 Report
Novartis in Society 2018 CONTENTS Novartis in Society 2018 | 2 Contents 2018 highlights 3 Who we are 4 What we do 6 Message from the CEO 8 Global Health & Corporate Responsibility at Novartis 9 Strategic areas 13 Holding ourselves to the highest ethical standards 13 Being part of the solution on pricing and access 18 Addressing global health challenges 29 Being a responsible citizen 35 About this report 46 Performance indicators 2018 47 Novartis GRI Content Index 51 Appendix: corporate responsibility material topic boundaries 55 Appendix: corporate responsibility materiality assessment issue cluster and topic definitions 56 Appendix: external initiatives and membership of associations 58 Appendix: supplier spend 2018 59 Appendix: measuring and valuing our impact 59 Independent Assurance Report on the Novartis 2018 corporate responsibility reporting 60 Cover photo Mukamudenge Melaniya, a potter living in rural Rwanda, receives treatment for malaria and other ailments at a local healthcare outpost run by a nurse entrepreneur and affiliated with One Family Health, a nongovernmental organization. 2018 HIGHLIGHTS Novartis in Society 2018 | 3 2018 highlights ETHICAL STANDARDS 54 % 100 + 220 REDUCTION PEOPLE COUNTRY VISITS in the number of reported complaints added to the Integrity & Compliance conducted by the Integrity & of fraud and professional practices in function in recent years Compliance function in 2018 the sales force in 2018 vs. 2017 ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE No. 2 24 m 17 m RANKING PATIENTS PEOPLE in the 2018 Access to Medicine Index, reached through access programs reached through training, up from third position in 2016 health education and service delivery programs GLOBAL HEALTH USD 100 m ~900 m 7.2 m INVESTMENT TREATMENT COURSES PATIENTS REACHED committed over the next five years to of Coartem delivered without with free multidrug therapy advance R&D of new antimalarials profit to date for leprosy since 1999 CORPORATE CITIZENSHIP No.