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34_747017 bindex.qxp 3/28/06 7:58 PM Page 231 Index See also Accommodations and Restaurant indexes, below. GENERAL INDEX Art, 216–219 Bath, 7, 10, 30–38, 225 Art museums accommodations, 38 Ashmolean Museum (Oxford), highlights, 32 Abbey Church Yard (Bath), 33 138 organized tours, 35–36 Abbey Gatehouse Brighton Museum & Art outdoor activities, 36–37 Battle, 41 Gallery, 48 restaurants, 37–38 St. Albans, 155 The Fitzwilliam Museum scheduling considerations, Accommodations. See also (Cambridge), 58 30, 32 Accommodations Index Holburne Museum of Art shopping, 37 Bath, 38 (Bath), 36 sights and attractions, 33–36 Brighton, 50 Hove Museum & Art Gallery transportation, 32–33 Cambridge, 60 (Brighton), 49 traveling to, 32 Canterbury, 69 Modern Art Oxford, 138 visitor information, 30 the Cotswolds, 132 Renaissance Picture Gallery Bath Abbey, 33 Lewes, 125 (Hampton Court), 90–91 Bath and Dundas Canal Oxford, 140 York Art Gallery (York), 202 Company, 36 Rye, 151–152 Ashmolean Museum (Oxford), Bath International Music Salisbury, 168 9, 138 Festival, 14 Stratford-upon-Avon, Assembly Rooms and Museum Bath Literature Festival, 13 180–181 of Costume (Bath), 34–35 Bath Museum, Building of, 36 toll-free numbers and Astral Travels, 28 Bath Music Festival, 32 websites, 230 Austen, Jane, 6 Bath Saturday Antiques Winchester, 189 Festival (Bath), 32 Market, 37 York, 203–204 grave (Winchester), 186 Bath Spa, 36–37 Admiralty Look-Out (Dover House (Chawton), 188 The Bath Tour, 35 Castle), 75 House (Winchester), 186 Bath Tourist Information Airlines, toll-free numbers and Jane Austen Centre (Bath), Centre, 30 websites, 228–229 34, 36, 37 Batsford Arboretum, 131 Alfred the Great, statue of, 187 Automobile travel, 128 Battle, 7, 39–43 All Saints Passage (Cambridge), Autumn, 13 Battle Abbey, 42 59 Autumn Color Week (Hever), 95 Battle Museum of Local All-Zone Travelcard, 19 Aviary, Leeds, 117 History, 42 Alpine House (Kew), 103 Azalea Garden (Kew), 104 Battle of Hastings Abbey and American Museum (Bath), 36 Battlefield, 40–41 Anne, Queen, 209 Battle Tourist Information Anne Boleyn, 98, 208 acon, Francis, 219 Centre, 39 Anne Boleyn’s Gatehouse B Balliol College (Oxford), 137 Beaches (Hampton COPYRIGHTEDCourt), 90 MATERIAL Balloon Festival (Leeds Brighton, 49 Anne Hathaway’s Cottage Castle), 14 Hampstead, 86 (Stratford-upon-Avon), 177 Ballroom (Knole), 111 The Bear Inn (Oxford), 140 Anne of Cleves, 98 Bamboo Garden (Kew), 104 Bearsted, 114, 118 Antiques Barbican House Museum Beaumont Travel, 128 Bath, 37 (Lewes), 124 Becket, Thomas, 64–66, 74 Lewes, 125 Barrack Block Shop (Hampton St. Thomas Becket’s Shrine, 67 York, 203 Court), 92 Beeline Radio Taxis (Knole), Apollo Theatre (Oxford), 140 Bartlett Street Antique Centre 108, 111 Aquatic Garden (Kew), 103 (Bath), 37 Bell, Clive, 119, 123 Architecture, 219–227 Base Court (Hampton Court), 90 Bell, Vanessa, 57, 119, 123–125 34_747017 bindex.qxp 3/28/06 7:58 PM Page 232 232 INDEX Bicycling, 28 Britain and London Visitor restaurants, 68–69 Cambridge, 55, 59 Centre (Hampstead), 82 scheduling considerations, 62 Canterbury, 68 Britain & London Visitor shopping, 68 the Cotswolds, 132 Centre, 28 sights and attractions, 64–68 Rye, 151 BritRail passes, 22 transportation, 64 Salisbury, 167 Broadway, 129–130 traveling to, 62, 64 Windsor, 195 Broadway Tower, 130 visitor information, 62 Birdland Park (Bourton-on-the- Brown Gallery (Knole), 110 Canterbury Cathedral, 5, 7, 64 Water), 131 Building of Bath Museum, 36 Canterbury Farmer’s Market, 68 Bizarre Bath, 35–36 Burgh House (Hampstead), 84 Canterbury Historic River The Black Death, 207 Burne-Jones, Edward, 56–57 Tours, 68 Blackwell’s (Oxford), 139 Burton-Taylor Theatre (Oxford), Canterbury River Navigation Blake, William, 58, 218 140 Company, 68 Blenheim Palace (near Oxford), Bus travel, 23 The Canterbury Tales (Canter- 138 Bath, 32 bury), 67 The Bloomsbury Group, 57 Brighton, 45 Carfax Tower (Oxford), 136 Boating. See also Punting Cambridge, 54 Carol Darby Jewellery Stratford-upon-Avon, 179 Canterbury, 62 (Winchester), 188 Boat trips and tours. See also Dover, 71 Car rentals, 24–26 Ferries Knole, 108 toll-free numbers and Canterbury, 68 Leeds, 114, 116 websites, 229 Hampton Court, 88 local, 27 The Cartoon Gallery (Hampton Kew, 102 Monk’s House and Court), 91 Windsor, 195 Charleston, 122 Car travel, 24–27 York, 201 Moreton-in-Marsh, 128 Bath, 32 Bodleian Library (Oxford), 137 Oxford, 134 Battle, 40 Boleyn, Anne, 98, 208 St. Albans, 154 Brighton, 45 Book of Hours (Hever), 96 Salisbury, 162 Cambridge, 54 Botanic Garden (Oxford), 136 Stratford-upon-Avon, 176 Canterbury, 62, 64 Bourton-on-the-Hill, 131 Winchester, 184 Dover, 71, 74 Bourton-on-the-Water, 130, 131 Windsor and Eton, 192 Hampton Court, 88 Brentford Gate (Kew), 103 York, 198 Hever, 96 Bridge of Sighs (Oxford), 137 Byron, Lord, 56 Kew, 102 Brighton, 10, 44–51 Knole, 108 accommodations, 50 Leeds, 116 gay and lesbian hotels and Cadogan & James (Winches- Monk’s House and B&Bs, 51 ter), 188 Charleston, 121–122 highlights, 45 Calendar of special events, Moreton-in-Marsh, 128 organized tours, 49 13–15 Oxford, 134 outdoor activities, 49 Cambridge, 52–60 Rochester, 142 restaurants, 49–50 accommodations, 60 Rye, 149 scheduling considerations, highlights, 54 St. Albans, 154 44–45 organized tours, 57 Salisbury, 160, 162 shopping, 49 outdoor activities, 59 Sissinghurst, 171 sights and attractions, restaurants, 59–60 Stratford-upon-Avon, 176 45, 48–49 scheduling considerations, Winchester, 184 transportation, 45 52, 54 Windsor and Eton, 192 traveling to, 45 shopping, 59 York, 198 visitor information, 44 sights and attractions, 55–59 Castles and palaces Brighton and Hove Bus transportation, 55 best, 4 Company, 45 traveling to, 54 Blenheim Palace (near Brighton Festival, 13 visitor information, 52 Oxford), 138 Brighton International Festival, Cambridge Film Festival, 14 Brighton Royal Pavilion, 4 44–45 Cambridge Folk Festival, 14 Dover Castle, 4, 6, 70–76 Brighton Museum & Art Canterbury, 61–69 Ham House (near Richmond- Gallery, 48 accommodations, 69 upon-Thames), 105 Brighton Pier, 48 highlights, 62 Hampton Court, 4, 6, 9, 88, Brighton Royal Pavilion, 4 organized tours, 68 90–92 outdoor activities, 68 Hever Castle, 4 34_747017 bindex.qxp 3/28/06 7:58 PM Page 233 GENERAL INDEX 233 Kew Palace, 104 Rochester Cathedral, 142, 144 Cottage Garden (Sissinghurst), Knole, 4, 107, 110–111 St. Albans Cathedral, 5, 155, 172 Leeds Castle, 6, 116–118 222 Crab and Winkle Way (Canter- Lewes Castle, 124 St. Martin’s Church (Canter- bury), 68 Rochester Castle, 144–145 bury), 67 Craft Market (Greenwich), 81 Warwick Castle (near Strat- St. Mary-in-Castro (Dover Crafts, Cambridge, 59 ford-upon-Avon), 4, 6, 178 Castle), 74 Cuisine, 213–215 Windsor Castle, 4–5, 190–193 St. Mary’s Church (Rye), Culpepper Garden (Leeds), 117 Wolvesey Castle (Winchester), 149–150 Curfew Tower (Moreton-in- 187 St. Mary the Virgin Church Marsh), 129 Catcreeps and twittens, (Battle), 42 Currency, 18 Brighton, 48 St. Thomas Church (Salisbury), Cutty Sark (Greenwich), 78 Cathedral and Abbey Church of 162 St. Alban, 5, 155, 222 Salisbury Cathedral, 5, 164 Cathedral Close (Salisbury), Winchester Cathedral, 5, 184, David Sharp Pottery (Rye), 162–163 186 151 Catherine of Aragon, 97, 98, York Minster, 5, 197, Deanery (Winchester), 186 207–208 199–200, 222 Deer Park (Knole), 111 Cedar Lawn (Leeds), 116 Church Hill Antiques Centre Dickens, Charles, 145 Central Market (Greenwich), 81 (Lewes), 125 Dickens Galleries (Rochester), Changing of the Guard (Wind- Churchill, Sir Winston, 112 144 sor), 193 Cinque Ports, 74 Gad’s Hill Place (Rochester), Chapel of St. Peter and St. Paul The Circus (Bath), 34 6, 145 (Greenwich), 79–80 City Cabs, Salisbury, 162 Dickens Galleries (Rochester), The Chapel Royal (Hampton City Museum (Winchester), 187 144 Court), 90 City Sightseeing Dickensian Christmas Charles II, 79, 80, 90, 91, 145, Bath, 35 (Rochester), 15 152, 209 Cambridge, 57 Dining. See Restaurants Charleston, 119, 120, 123–125 Canterbury, 75 Docklands Light Rail, 77–78 Chartwell (near Westerham), Oxford, 139 Dog Collar Museum (Leeds), 112 Stonehenge Tour, 166 117 Chawton, 188 Stratford-upon-Avon, 176, Dover Castle, 4, 6, 70–76 Cherwell Boathouse (Oxford), 179 Dover Visitor Information 139 Windsor and Eton, 194 Centre, 71 Chesterton Foot Bridge (Cam- York, 201 Downland Cycles (Canterbury), bridge), 59 City Taxis (Oxford), 134 68 Cheyney Court (Winchester), City Tour (Bath), 35 Driving rules, 26–27 186 Clock Court (Hampton Court), Dual carriageways, 26 Chiddingstone, 99 90 The Chinese Pagoda (Kew Clock Tower (St. Albans), Gardens), 104 154–155 Eastbridge Hospital (Canter- Chipping Campden (near Clock-Work Shop (Winchester), bury), 64 Broadway), 130 188 The East Front Gardens (Hamp- Christ Church College (Oxford), Coach travel. See Bus travel ton Court), 91–92 136 The Communication Gallery Eastgate House (Rochester), Christmas Concert (Oxford), 15 (Hampton Court), 91 142 Churches and cathedrals Confederation of Cinque Edenbridge Cars (Hever), 96 Bath Abbey, 33 Ports, 74 Edward VII, 210 Battle Abbey, 42 Conservation Area (Kew), 104 Elaine Rippon Craft Gallery best, 5 Constable, John, 10, 84, 159, (Stratford-upon-Avon), 179 Canterbury Cathedral, 5, 218 Eleanor of Aquitaine, 206 7, 64 The Corn Exchange (Cam- Elizabeth I, 208–209 Cathedral and Abbey Church bridge), 60 Elizabeth II, 211 of St. Alban, 155 Cotswold Motor Museum Emergencies on the road, 27 Holy Trinity Church (Stratford- (Bourton-on-the-Water), 131 Escorted tours, 28 upon-Avon), 177 The Cotswolds, 126–132 Eton, 190 King’s College Chapel Cotswold Way, 131–132 Eton College, 194 (Cambridge), 5 Evolution House (Kew), 104–105 34_747017 bindex.qxp 3/28/06 7:58 PM Page 234 234 INDEX Ghost Walk (Brighton), 49 Hampton Court, 4, 6, 9, 87–93 Gifts and souvenirs, Cam- gardens, 8 Families with children, best bridge, 59 Hampton Court Flower Show, 14 day trips for, 6 Gipsy Moth (Greenwich), 78 Hampton Court Palace Outdoor Fan Museum (Greenwich), 81 Glyndebourne Festival (Lewes), Ice Rink, 92 Farmers markets 13–14 Hans Holbein the Younger, 217 Canterbury, 68 Glyndebourne opera house Hastings, Battle of (1066), Rye, 151 (Lewes), 122 40–42, 206 Fawkes, Guy, 42, 200 Gold Line (St.
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    Sveučilište J. J. Strossmayera u Osijeku Filozofski fakultet Diplomski studij: Filozofija – povijest Josip Paulić Rimska fortifikacijska arhitektura Diplomski rad Mentorica: doc. dr. sc. Jasna Šimić Osijek, 2012. 1. Sažetak Najvažniji i temeljni element rimske fortifikacijske arhitekture svakako je vojni grad – castrum. Rimljani su bili narod vojnika, kolonizatora i osvjača, pa je rimski građanin u vojnoj obavezi bio veći dio svog života. Iz tih razloga ustroj i izgled vojnog logora pokazuje toliko zajedničkih elemenata s civilnim naseljima. Zidine grada Rima predstavljaju najreprezentativniji primjer gradske fortifikacijske arhitekture u cijelom Carstvu. Murus Servii Tulii (Servijev zid) sagrađen je u ranom 4. st. pr. n. e., a učinkovito je štitio grad do druge polovine 3. st. kad je izgrađen Murus Aurelianus (271.– 275.), zid opsega 19 km koji ipak nije spasio Rim od Alarikove pljačke i razaranja (410.), kao i one kasnije vandalske (455.). U vrijeme Republike rimski castrum (prema Polibiju) ima pravilan pravokutni, gotovo kvadratan oblik; limitiran je i orijentiran na isti način kao i grad te je omeđen jarkom i zidom. Na svakoj strani logora nalaze se jedna vrata. Istočna vrata Porta praetoria i zapadna Porta decumana povezana su decumanom (via praetoria), dok su sjeverna Porta principalis sinistra i južna vrata Porta principalis dextra spojena s via principalis (cardo). Orijentacija glavnih ulica ovisila je o položaju i usmjerenosti logora. Na križanju glavnih osi logora nalazio se praetorium – središte vojne uprave. U vojnom logoru ulica cardo (via principalis) ima veće značenje od decumana. Neki autori smatraju kako osnovne zametke rimskog urbs quadratisa treba tražiti upravo u vojnom logoru. Vojni grad – castrum - slijedi etruščansko iskustvo i kristalizira nekoliko značajnih ideja i praktičnih postavki iz političke i vojne sfere.