DOCSLIB.ORG

Possible Fossil Sporae Anthocerotales Dispersae of Hepaticae in the Fossil Record

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Possible Fossil Sporae Anthocerotales Dispersae of Hepaticae in the Fossil Record Possible fossil Sporae dispersae of Hepaticae and Anthocerotales in the fossil record Divya Darshan Pant & Rita Singh Pant, Divya Darshan & Singh. Rita 1991. Possible fossil Sporae dispersaeof Hepaticae and Anthocerotales in the fossil record Palaeobotanist 39 (1) : 20- 36 The paper attemr:s to find the characters which can distinguish the spores of Hepaticae and Anthocerotales from iso- or micro-~pores of pteridophytes and pollen grains of gymnosperms and angiosperms for the indentification of possible fossil Sporae dispersae of bryophytes reported from different geological horizons. The problem was approached by looking for characters in fossil spores which are (i) exclusively bryophytic, (ii) prevailingly bryophytic, and (iii) closely matching characters of in situ spores of fossil bryophytes in a first hand comparison. Our account also takes into consideration the Sporae dispersae which were described or suspected by previous workers as those of bryophytes but which could equally well belong to pteridophytes. Key-wor-ds- Palynology, Adherent tetrads, Pseudocolpus, Hepaticae, Anthocerotales. Divya Darshan Pant & Rita Singh, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Allahabad 211 002, India. '~n:hT ~ ~ 1f'41~(\hfl ~~ ~ ~ ~"1f(f * ~ <r!l'f;r 'Ri ~ fhrr ~ ~ ~ ~rrpif nrmu-trJf if ;j.f F<PW ~ q;1- <iJT;;R 'liT )f!l'ffi fu;m Tf'llT %~ 3lTun: 1i< 1f"'llfli<JtRl <f; <tT ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ t{\i1'f'I$t)41 <f; ~3iT ,PIT :>i'1I~d"l"t"1"t Gltif <f; it <tT "IT wfl It it ~ ~~ ~ ~3iT ~ ~ ~I ~ ~ ~3iT ~u Gltif <f; aITrlfd' <f; 3!f\!f.fuhur if ;m- t<! if ~ <;l1414iI$t)~1 ~3iT ~~ ~?: ~ (i)~' ~ ~~, ~~, Ilfuct' fu;it (ii) a'!T (iii) <f; Bfl''lT't it ~ ~-~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~3iT ~ ~ <tT if fu;m Tf'llT %1 'mU-trJf if;j.f 'liT \ft 3f!Jl'lR Tf'llT % f<;; ~itu-'l'nT3iT it 'll1~jqo;l$tl41 'liT qfUfd' fu;m % 3f'lfiU ~ G!f'fd' fu;m %<9m it t{\il4iI~t)41 <f; ~ ~ wRt ?:I AFTER the discovery of hepatic thalli in British stalked sporangia had arisen from a common thallus. Carboniferous rocks (Walton, 1925, 1928), the time Dixon (1927) has referred this fossil to Andreaea. As range of this group was further extended up to the the spores in the spore sacs are not accompanied by Devonian by Hueber (1961) who reported elaters, the attribution of this fossil to Hepaticae Hepaticites devonicus from Onteroa Red Beds of becomes doubtful (see Krassilov & Schuster, 1984). North America which is now renamed as Schuster (1966) has accordingly referred the genus Pallavicinites devonicus (Hueb.) Schuster (see to an order of its own, the Sporogonitales. Schuster, 1966). There are also a few problematic Another fossil of the same kind called fossils which have been reported from the Lower Lyonophyton was described by Remy and Remy Devonian. One of these was referred by Andrews (1980) from. Rhynie Chert bed as haVing as (1960) ro Sporogonites Halle and it shows a thallus­ "independent and possibly autotrophic gametophyte like carbonaceous mass below a number of parallel which is of approximately equal size and shape with subadjacent, unbranched erect stalks. If unbroken the sporophytes from the same beds" This fossil is they terminate in ovoid spore sacs containing spores described as haVing a cup-shaped gametophore with ca 20-25 J.Lm in diameter. No details of the spore lobed margins. Remy and Remy (1980) have characters are available. Andrews believed that the compared it with Horneophyton on the basis of itS 20 PANT & SINGH-FOSSIL SPORAE DISPERSAE OF HEPATICAE AND ANTHOCEROTAlES 21 anatomy as well as the morphology of fertile parts the environment was transitional between that of and they have further suggested that Lyonophyton water and terrestrial plants and the plant shows a rhyniensis seems to be "the gametophyte of a plant combination of characters of both the habitats. He representing an evolutionary stage previous to the further suggests that Protosalvinia was probably separation of land plants into bryophytes and higher "caught in act" of evolving into a plant which was land plants." Till recently all other Devonian forms becoming adapted for living in a desiccating which had a central strand were included among the envi ronment. pteridophytes. In fact, one of these called, Rhynia Parka decipiens is another Lower Devonian major was regarded as one of the best known plant haVing a flat thallus-like body whose surface Devonian pteridophytes but a recent renaming of was covered by flattened disc-shaped structures with this form as Aglaophyton by Edwards (1986) is based numerous cutinized spores ca 28-34 /-.Lm in diameter. on his claim that its central strand lacks secondary The thallus is parenchymatous in nature (Lang, wall thickenings in the longitudinal cell walls. 1937). The affinites of Parka too are uncertain, it has According to him it consists of cells having an alga-like thalloid body and cutinized spores like uniformly thick walls and he raises doubts about its those of land plants (see Walton, 1953). being a vascular plant suggesting that it had a The third uncertain fossil Steganotheca shows a bryophytic level of organisation (Taylor, 1988). plant compression which is comparable with However, the observations of Edwards, on this form, Cooksonia in having terminal sporangia on which is otherwise quite like Cooksonia and Rhynia dichotomously branched axes but their central gwynne vaughanii need confirmation before they strands lack tracheids so that it could be compared can be accepted particularly when they are based on with bryophytes instead of pteridophytes. the negative evidence of thickenings. The above reports of megafossils beginning Beside the above two forms, there are some with Lower Devonian make it at once likely that other uncertain Devonian bryophyte-like genera, some of the dispersed miospores described by called Protosalvinia Dawson, Parka decipiens Lang different authors from the beds of different and Steganotheca. Out of these, Protosalvinia is geological ages beginning with strata of this period reported from the Upper Devonian Black Shales of could even belong to bryophytes. Indeed, after east-central U.S.A. and its detached sporiferous Walton discovered undoubted structurally preserved organs usually show once forked branches which are bryophytes in the Carboniferous, he suggested to approximately 2-5 mm in width and appear to have Knox (1939) that she should look for spores of been borne on a thalloid plant body. The forks of bryophytes among fossil Sporae dispersae. However, the thallus show sporocarp-Iike structures, each she only mentioned some fossil spores (see Knox, containing a single tetrad of 4 large spores (? 1939; figs 41-51) which were broadly comparable megaspores) ca 200 /-.Lm in the cavity of inner tissues. with those of some liVing bryophytes like Anthoceros The affinities of Protosalvinia are uncertain. It has chilensis, Moerckia hibernica, Anthoceros punctatus, been assigned to the algae by White and Riccia crystallina, R. beyrichiana, R. jluitans, Stadnichenko (1923) but Kidston and Lang (1924) Fossombronia angulosa and Plagiochasma subplana. believed it to be intermediate between the algae and To the best of our knowledge the next paper lowermost vascular plants. Krausel (1941) created a dealing with bryophytic spores was published by new intermediate class, the Algomycetes, between Lundblad (1954) when she created a new form algae and fungi. Arnold (1954) observed that "it had genus based on the dispersed united spore tetrads evolved to a level comparable to that of the Ricciisporites tuberculatus Lundb lad from the bryophytes" but at the same time he contradicted Jurassic of Scania and attributed them to Ricciaceae himself by saying that there was no apparent reason but later thought that its affinity was dubious for classifying it with the bryophytes. Lacey (1969) (Lundblad, 1959). Krassilov and Schuster (1984) find thought that Protosalvinia could be compared with that R. tuberculatus can be compared with a Riccia-Iike bryophytes which were reported by sphaerocarpalean tetrad more closely. Walton (1949) and Hueber (1961) from the In her account of Upper Mesozoic microfloras Carboniferous but sporogonia of Riccia differ from from south-eastern Australia, Dettmann (1963) those of Protosalvinia in having a number of tetrads compared some fossil miospores with those ofsome of smaller spores instead of a single one of large extant and fossil bryophytes, e.g., Foraminisporis spores. Stewart (1983) is of the opinion that dailyi (Cookson & Dettmann) Dettmann has been Protosalvinia does not fit well into any group of compared with the spores of Phaeoceros extant plants. The shales in which Protosalvinia has bulbiculosus (Brotero) Prosk., Foraminisporis been found suggest a shoreline (littoral zone) where wonthaggiensis (Cookson & Dettmann) Dettmann 22 THE PALAEOBOTANIST with spores of NOLOthyLas breutelLi Gottsche, of the spores of some liVing forms of Indian Rouseisporites retieuLatus Pocock, with spores of Hepaticae and Anthocerotales as well as published Riceia beyrichiana Hampe and R eanaLicuLata Hoff. accounts of spores of the eX'1ant members of these and Couperisporites labuLallis Dettmann with spores groups besides looking for possible bryophytic of Naiadita LaneeoLala Buckman as described by spores in published literature of fossil Sporae Harris (1939). Among Other Sporae dispersae, Meh ra dispersae. As a result we can categorically state that (1974) compared some spores described as colpate and porate pollen grains (microspores) of Leisphosphaera rOlunda, Uniporata torosa, living gymnosperms and angiosperms
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Brooklyn, Cloudland, Melsonby (Gaarraay)
    BUSH BLITZ SPECIES DISCOVERY PROGRAM Brooklyn, Cloudland, Melsonby (Gaarraay) Nature Refuges Eubenangee Swamp, Hann Tableland, Melsonby (Gaarraay) National Parks Upper Bridge Creek Queensland 29 April–27 May · 26–27 July 2010 Australian Biological Resources Study What is Contents Bush Blitz? Bush Blitz is a four-year, What is Bush Blitz? 2 multi-million dollar Abbreviations 2 partnership between the Summary 3 Australian Government, Introduction 4 BHP Billiton and Earthwatch Reserves Overview 6 Australia to document plants Methods 11 and animals in selected properties across Australia’s Results 14 National Reserve System. Discussion 17 Appendix A: Species Lists 31 Fauna 32 This innovative partnership Vertebrates 32 harnesses the expertise of many Invertebrates 50 of Australia’s top scientists from Flora 62 museums, herbaria, universities, Appendix B: Threatened Species 107 and other institutions and Fauna 108 organisations across the country. Flora 111 Appendix C: Exotic and Pest Species 113 Fauna 114 Flora 115 Glossary 119 Abbreviations ANHAT Australian Natural Heritage Assessment Tool EPBC Act Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (Commonwealth) NCA Nature Conservation Act 1992 (Queensland) NRS National Reserve System 2 Bush Blitz survey report Summary A Bush Blitz survey was conducted in the Cape Exotic vertebrate pests were not a focus York Peninsula, Einasleigh Uplands and Wet of this Bush Blitz, however the Cane Toad Tropics bioregions of Queensland during April, (Rhinella marina) was recorded in both Cloudland May and July 2010. Results include 1,186 species Nature Refuge and Hann Tableland National added to those known across the reserves. Of Park. Only one exotic invertebrate species was these, 36 are putative species new to science, recorded, the Spiked Awlsnail (Allopeas clavulinus) including 24 species of true bug, 9 species of in Cloudland Nature Refuge.
    [Show full text]
  • Checklist of the Liverworts and Hornworts of the Interior Highlands of North America in Arkansas, Illinois, Missouri and Oklahoma
    Checklist of the Liverworts and Hornworts of the Interior Highlands of North America In Arkansas, Illinois, Missouri and Oklahoma Stephen L. Timme T. M. Sperry Herbarium ‐ Biology Pittsburg State University Pittsburg, Kansas 66762 and 3 Bowness Lane Bella Vista, AR 72714 [email protected] Paul Redfearn, Jr. 5238 Downey Ave. Independence, MO 64055 Introduction Since the last publication of a checklist of liverworts and hornworts of the Interior Highlands (1997)), many new county and state records have been reported. To make the checklist useful, it was necessary to update it since its last posting. The map of the Interior Highlands of North America that appears in Redfearn (1983) does not include the very southeast corner of Kansas. However, the Springfield Plateau encompasses some 88 square kilometers of this corner of the state and includes limestone and some sandstone and shale outcrops. The vegetation is typical Ozarkian flora, dominated by oak and hickory. This checklist includes liverworts and hornworts collected from Cherokee County, Kansas. Most of what is known for the area is the result of collections by R. McGregor published in 1955. The majority of his collections are deposited in the herbarium at the New York Botanical Garden (NY). This checklist only includes the region defined as the Interior Highlands of North America. This includes the Springfield Plateau, Salem Plateau, St. Francois Mountains, Boston Mountains, Arkansas Valley, Ouachita Mountains and Ozark Hills. It encompasses much of southern Missouri south of the Missouri River, southwest Illinois; most of Arkansas except the Mississippi Lowlands and the Coastal Plain, the extreme southeastern corner of Kansas, and eastern Oklahoma (Fig.
    [Show full text]
  • Ordovician Land Plants and Fungi from Douglas Dam, Tennessee
    PROOF The Palaeobotanist 68(2019): 1–33 The Palaeobotanist 68(2019): xxx–xxx 0031–0174/2019 0031–0174/2019 Ordovician land plants and fungi from Douglas Dam, Tennessee GREGORY J. RETALLACK Department of Earth Sciences, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA. *Email: gregr@uoregon. edu (Received 09 September, 2019; revised version accepted 15 December, 2019) ABSTRACT The Palaeobotanist 68(1–2): Retallack GJ 2019. Ordovician land plants and fungi from Douglas Dam, Tennessee. The Palaeobotanist 68(1–2): xxx–xxx. 1–33. Ordovician land plants have long been suspected from indirect evidence of fossil spores, plant fragments, carbon isotopic studies, and paleosols, but now can be visualized from plant compressions in a Middle Ordovician (Darriwilian or 460 Ma) sinkhole at Douglas Dam, Tennessee, U. S. A. Five bryophyte clades and two fungal clades are represented: hornwort (Casterlorum crispum, new form genus and species), liverwort (Cestites mirabilis Caster & Brooks), balloonwort (Janegraya sibylla, new form genus and species), peat moss (Dollyphyton boucotii, new form genus and species), harsh moss (Edwardsiphyton ovatum, new form genus and species), endomycorrhiza (Palaeoglomus strotheri, new species) and lichen (Prototaxites honeggeri, new species). The Douglas Dam Lagerstätte is a benchmark assemblage of early plants and fungi on land. Ordovician plant diversity now supports the idea that life on land had increased terrestrial weathering to induce the Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event in the sea and latest Ordovician (Hirnantian)
    [Show full text]
  • North American H&A Names
    A very tentative and preliminary list of North American liverworts and hornworts, doubtless containing errors and omissions, but forming a basis for updating the spreadsheet of recognized genera and numbers of species, November 2010. Liverworts Blasiales Blasiaceae Blasia L. Blasia pusilla L. Fossombroniales Calyculariaceae Calycularia Mitt. Calycularia crispula Mitt. Calycularia laxa Lindb. & Arnell Fossombroniaceae Fossombronia Raddi Fossombronia alaskana Steere & Inoue Fossombronia brasiliensis Steph. Fossombronia cristula Austin Fossombronia foveolata Lindb. Fossombronia hispidissima Steph. Fossombronia lamellata Steph. Fossombronia macounii Austin Fossombronia marshii J. R. Bray & Stotler Fossombronia pusilla (L.) Dumort. Fossombronia longiseta (Austin) Austin Note: Fossombronia longiseta was based on a mixture of material belonging to three different species of Fossombronia; Schuster (1992a p. 395) lectotypified F. longiseta with the specimen of Austin, Hepaticae Boreali-Americani 118 at H. An SEM of one spore from this specimen was previously published by Scott and Pike (1988 fig. 19) and it is clearly F. pusilla. It is not at all clear why Doyle and Stotler (2006) apply the name to F. hispidissima. Fossombronia texana Lindb. Fossombronia wondraczekii (Corda) Dumort. Fossombronia zygospora R.M. Schust. Petalophyllum Nees & Gottsche ex Lehm. Petalophyllum ralfsii (Wilson) Nees & Gottsche ex Lehm. Moerckiaceae Moerckia Gottsche Moerckia blyttii (Moerch) Brockm. Moerckia hibernica (Hook.) Gottsche Pallaviciniaceae Pallavicinia A. Gray, nom. cons. Pallavicinia lyellii (Hook.) Carruth. Pelliaceae Pellia Raddi, nom. cons. Pellia appalachiana R.M. Schust. (pro hybr.) Pellia endiviifolia (Dicks.) Dumort. Pellia endiviifolia (Dicks.) Dumort. ssp. alpicola R.M. Schust. Pellia endiviifolia (Dicks.) Dumort. ssp. endiviifolia Pellia epiphylla (L.) Corda Pellia megaspora R.M. Schust. Pellia neesiana (Gottsche) Limpr. Pellia neesiana (Gottsche) Limpr.
    [Show full text]
  • Evolution and Networks in Ancient and Widespread Symbioses Between Mucoromycotina and Liverworts
    This is a repository copy of Evolution and networks in ancient and widespread symbioses between Mucoromycotina and liverworts. White Rose Research Online URL for this paper: http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/150867/ Version: Published Version Article: Rimington, WR, Pressel, S, Duckett, JG et al. (2 more authors) (2019) Evolution and networks in ancient and widespread symbioses between Mucoromycotina and liverworts. Mycorrhiza, 29 (6). pp. 551-565. ISSN 0940-6360 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00572-019-00918-x Reuse This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) licence. This licence allows you to distribute, remix, tweak, and build upon the work, even commercially, as long as you credit the authors for the original work. More information and the full terms of the licence here: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/ Takedown If you consider content in White Rose Research Online to be in breach of UK law, please notify us by emailing [email protected] including the URL of the record and the reason for the withdrawal request. [email protected] https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/ Mycorrhiza (2019) 29:551–565 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00572-019-00918-x ORIGINAL ARTICLE Evolution and networks in ancient and widespread symbioses between Mucoromycotina and liverworts William R. Rimington1,2,3 & Silvia Pressel2 & Jeffrey G. Duckett2 & Katie J. Field4 & Martin I. Bidartondo1,3 Received: 29 May 2019 /Accepted: 13 September 2019 /Published online: 13 November 2019 # The Author(s) 2019 Abstract Like the majority of land plants, liverworts regularly form intimate symbioses with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Glomeromycotina).
    [Show full text]
  • Divergence Times and the Evolution of Morphological Complexity in an Early Land Plant Lineage (Marchantiopsida) with a Slow Molecular Rate
    Research Divergence times and the evolution of morphological complexity in an early land plant lineage (Marchantiopsida) with a slow molecular rate Juan Carlos Villarreal A.1,3,4, Barbara J. Crandall-Stotler2, Michelle L. Hart1, David G. Long1 and Laura L. Forrest1 1Royal Botanic Gardens Edinburgh, 20A Inverleith Row, Edinburgh, EH3 5LR, UK; 2Department of Plant Biology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA; 3Present address: Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Ancon, 0843-03092 Panama, Republic of Panama; 4Present address: Departement de Biologie, Universite Laval, Quebec, Canada G1V 0A6 Summary Authors for correspondence: We present a complete generic-level phylogeny of the complex thalloid liverworts, a lineage Juan Carlos Villarreal A that includes the model system Marchantia polymorpha. The complex thalloids are remark- Tel: +1418 656 3180 able for their slow rate of molecular evolution and for being the only extant plant lineage to Email: [email protected] differentiate gas exchange tissues in the gametophyte generation. We estimated the diver- Laura L. Forrest gence times and analyzed the evolutionary trends of morphological traits, including air cham- Tel: + 44(0) 131248 2952 bers, rhizoids and specialized reproductive structures. Email: [email protected] A multilocus dataset was analyzed using maximum likelihood and Bayesian approaches. Received: 29 June 2015 Relative rates were estimated using local clocks. Accepted: 15 September 2015 Our phylogeny cements the early branching in complex thalloids. Marchantia is supported in one of the earliest divergent lineages. The rate of evolution in organellar loci is slower than New Phytologist (2015) for other liverwort lineages, except for two annual lineages.
    [Show full text]
  • On the Phylogeny and Taxonomy of Pallaviciniales
    Arctoa (2015) 24: 98-123 doi: 10.15298/arctoa.24.12 ON THE PHYLOGENY AND TAXONOMY OF PALLAVICINIALES (MARCHANTIOPHYTA), WITH OVERVIEW OF RUSSIAN SPECIES ФИЛОГЕНИЯ И ТАКСОНОМИЯ ПОРЯДКА PALLAVICINIALES (MARCHANTIOPHYTA) С ОБЗОРОМ РОССИЙСКИХ ВИДОВ YURY S. MAMONTOV1,2, NADEZHDA A. KONSTANTINOVA3, ANNA A. VILNET3 & VADIM A. BAKALIN4,5 ЮРИЙ С. МАМОНТОВ1,2, НАДЕЖДА А. КОНСТАНТИНОВА3, АННА А. ВИЛЬНЕТ3, ВАДИМ А. БАКАЛИН4,5 Abstract Integrative analysis of expanded sampling of Pallaviciniales revealed the heterogeneity of Moercki- aceae. The new family Cordaeaceae Mamontov, Konstant., Vilnet & Bakalin is described based on morphology and molecular phylogenetic data. It includes one genus Cordaea Nees with two species, C. flotoviana (= Moerckia flotoviana), the type of the genus, and C. erimona (Steph.) Mamontov, Konstant., Vilnet & Bakalin comb. nov. Descriptions and illustrations of all species of the order known from Russia including newly reported Pallavicinia subciliata and provisional P. levieri are provided. Identification key for Pallaviciniales known from Russia and adjacent areas is given. Резюме В результате комплексного молекулярно-генетического и сравнительно-морфологического анализа расширенной выборки порядка Pallaviciniales выявлена гетерогенность сем. Moercki- aceae. Из него выделено новое семейство Cordaeaceae Mamontov, Konstant., Vilnet & Bakalin, включающее один род Cordaea Nees и два вида, C. flotoviana Nees (тип рода) и C. erimona (Steph.) Mamontov, Konstant., Vilnet & Bakalin comb. nov. Приведен ключ для определения видов порядка, встречающихся в России и на прилегающих территориях, даны описания и иллюстрации известных в России видов порядка, включая впервые выявленную для страны Pallavicinia subciliata, а также провизорно приводимую P. levieri, обнаруженную в республике Корея. KEYWORDS: Pallaviciniales, molecular phylogeny, taxonomy, Moerckiaceae, Cordaeaceae, Russia INTRODUCTION aration” of Moerckia that “supports Schuster’s (1992) Pallaviciniales W.
    [Show full text]
  • Fossombronia Caledonica Steph. (Fossombroniaceae), a New Record
    Taiwania, 54(2): 187-189, 2009 NOTE Materials to the Bryophyte Flora of Taiwan (II) – Fossombronia caledonica Steph. (Fossombroniaceae), a New Record Shing-Fan Huang (1*), Yu-Chih Wu(1) and Shan-Hsiung Lin(2) 1. Department of Applied Science, National Hsinchu University of Education, No. 521, Nanda Road, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan. 2. Department of Life Science, Tunghai University, No. 181, Sect. 3, Taichung-Kang Road, Taichung 40704, Taiwan. * Corresponding author: [email protected] (Manuscript received 8 December 2008; accepted 30 April 2009) ABSTRACT: A new record liverwort, Fossombronia caledonica Steph. from Yangmei, Taoyuan County, was described. This species inhabits open vegetable or paddy field sympatric with F. japonica Schiffne. Descriptions and SEM photos of both species are given to aid in identification. Keys for distinguishing three recorded species in Taiwan are also provided. KEY WORDS: Fossombronia caledonica, Fossombronia japonica, Fossombroniaceae, liverwort, new record species, Taiwan. INTRODUCTION MATERIALS AND METHODS Fossombronia Raddi is a leafy liverwort in outer Specimens were collected from the field and air dried. appearance but its sexual organs are scattered along the They are deposited in the specimen room of the main axis of gametophytes, a characteristic of thalloid Department of Applied Science, National Hsinchu liverwort (Schuster, 1984). These combined characters University (tentative acronym, NHCUE). make Fossombronia easily recognized. Preparation of SEM photos: Fresh materials were Austrofossombronia Schuster, Fossombronia, collected and fixed with 70% alcohol, and then dehydrated Petalophyllum Lehm., and Sewardiella Kashyap. in alcohol series, dried in a critical point dryer, coated with comprise the family Fossombroniaceae that is allied to gold and were examined with Hitachi S-3000N, installed the Allisoniaceae, both being placed in the at the Department of Applied Science, National Hsinchu Fossombroniales and subclass Metzgeriidae.
    [Show full text]
  • Wikstrom2009chap13.Pdf
    Liverworts (Marchantiophyta) Niklas Wikströma,*, Xiaolan He-Nygrénb, and our understanding of phylogenetic relationships among A. Jonathan Shawc major lineages and the origin and divergence times of aDepartment of Systematic Botany, Evolutionary Biology Centre, those lineages. Norbyvägen 18D, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D 75236, Altogether, liverworts (Phylum Marchantiophyta) b Uppsala, Sweden; Botanical Museum, Finnish Museum of Natural comprise an estimated 5000–8000 living species (8, 9). History, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 7, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; Early and alternative classiA cations for these taxa have cDepartment of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA *To whom correspondence should be addressed (niklas.wikstrom@ been numerous [reviewed by Schuster ( 10)], but the ebc.uu.se) arrangement of terminal taxa (species, genera) into lar- ger groups (e.g., families and orders) based on morpho- logical criteria alone began in the 1960s and 1970s with Abstract the work of Schuster (8, 10, 11) and Schljakov (12, 13), and culminated by the turn of the millenium with the work Liverworts (Phylum Marchantiophyta) include 5000–8000 of Crandall-Stotler and Stotler (14). 7 ree morphological species. Phylogenetic analyses divide liverworts into types of plant bodies (gametophytes) have generally been Haplomitriopsida, Marchantiopsida, and Jungerman- recognized and used in liverwort classiA cations: “com- niopsida. Complex thalloids are grouped with Blasiales in plex thalloids” including ~6% of extant species diversity Marchantiopsida, and leafy liverworts are grouped with and with a thalloid gametophyte that is organized into Metzgeriidae and Pelliidae in Jungermanniopsida. The distinct layers; “leafy liverworts”, by far the most speci- timetree shows an early Devonian (408 million years ago, ose group, including ~86% of extant species diversity and Ma) origin for extant liverworts.
    [Show full text]
  • Endemic Genera of Bryophytes of North America (North of Mexico)
    Preslia, Praha, 76: 255–277, 2004 255 Endemic genera of bryophytes of North America (north of Mexico) Endemické rody mechorostů Severní Ameriky Wilfred Borden S c h o f i e l d Dedicated to the memory of Emil Hadač Department of Botany, University Boulevard 3529-6270, Vancouver B. C., Canada V6T 1Z4, e-mail: [email protected] Schofield W. B. (2004): Endemic genera of bryophytes of North America (north of Mexico). – Preslia, Praha, 76: 255–277. There are 20 endemic genera of mosses and three of liverworts in North America, north of Mexico. All are monotypic except Thelia, with three species. General ecology, reproduction, distribution and nomenclature are discussed for each genus. Distribution maps are provided. The Mexican as well as Neotropical genera of bryophytes are also noted without detailed discussion. K e y w o r d s : bryophytes, distribution, ecology, endemic, liverworts, mosses, reproduction, North America Introduction Endemism in bryophyte genera of North America (north of Mexico) appears not to have been discussed in detail previously. Only the mention of genera is included in Schofield (1980) with no detail presented. Distribution maps of several genera have appeared in scattered publications. The present paper provides distribution maps of all endemic bryophyte genera for the region and considers the biology and taxonomy of each. When compared to vascular plants, endemism in bryophyte genera in the region is low. There are 20 genera of mosses and three of liverworts. The moss families Andreaeobryaceae, Pseudoditrichaceae and Theliaceae and the liverwort family Gyrothyraceae are endemics; all are monotypic. A total of 16 families of mosses and three of liverworts that possess endemic genera are represented.
    [Show full text]
  • BRYOPHYTES .Pdf
    Diversity of Microbes and Cryptogams Bryophyta Geeta Asthana Department of Botany, University of Lucknow, Lucknow – 226007 India Date of submission: May 11, 2006 Version: English Significant Key words: Bryophyta, Hepaticopsida (Liverworts), Anthocerotopsida (Hornworts), , Bryopsida (Mosses). 1 Contents 1. Introduction • Definition & Systematic Position in the Plant Kingdom • Alternation of Generation • Life-cycle Pattern • Affinities with Algae and Pteridophytes • General Characters 2. Classification 3. Class – Hepaticopsida • General characters • Classification o Order – Calobryales o Order – Jungermanniales – Frullania o Order – Metzgeriales – Pellia o Order – Monocleales o Order – Sphaerocarpales o Order – Marchantiales – Marchantia 4. Class – Anthocerotopsida • General Characters • Classification o Order – Anthocerotales – Anthoceros 5. Class – Bryopsida • General Characters • Classification o Order – Sphagnales – Sphagnum o Order – Andreaeales – Andreaea o Order – Takakiales – Takakia o Order – Polytrichales – Pogonatum, Polytrichum o Order – Buxbaumiales – Buxbaumia o Order – Bryales – Funaria 6. References 2 Introduction Bryophytes are “Avascular Archegoniate Cryptogams” which constitute a large group of highly diversified plants. Systematic position in the plant kingdom The plant kingdom has been classified variously from time to time. The early systems of classification were mostly artificial in which the plants were grouped for the sake of convenience based on (observable) evident characters. Carolus Linnaeus (1753) classified
    [Show full text]
  • Sphaerocarpales (Marchantiophyta) New to China, with Special References to a New Species of Sphaerocarpos from Hengduan Mountains
    Sphaerocarpales (Marchantiophyta) new to China, with special references to a new species of Sphaerocarpos from Hengduan Mountains Authors: Xiang, You-Liang, and Zhu, Rui-Liang Source: The Bryologist, 122(4) : 586-596 Published By: The American Bryological and Lichenological Society URL: https://doi.org/10.1639/0007-2745-122.4.586 BioOne Complete (complete.BioOne.org) is a full-text database of 200 subscribed and open-access titles in the biological, ecological, and environmental sciences published by nonprofit societies, associations, museums, institutions, and presses. Your use of this PDF, the BioOne Complete website, and all posted and associated content indicates your acceptance of BioOne’s Terms of Use, available at www.bioone.org/terms-of-use. Usage of BioOne Complete content is strictly limited to personal, educational, and non - commercial use. Commercial inquiries or rights and permissions requests should be directed to the individual publisher as copyright holder. BioOne sees sustainable scholarly publishing as an inherently collaborative enterprise connecting authors, nonprofit publishers, academic institutions, research libraries, and research funders in the common goal of maximizing access to critical research. Downloaded From: https://bioone.org/journals/The-Bryologist on 06 May 2021 Terms of Use: https://bioone.org/terms-of-use Access provided by East China Normal University Sphaerocarpales (Marchantiophyta) new to China, with special references to a new species of Sphaerocarpos from Hengduan Mountains You-Liang Xiang1 and Rui-Liang Zhu1,2,3 1 Bryology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China; 2 Institute of Eco-Chongming and Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China ABSTRACT.
    [Show full text]