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Belgium Belgium Denmark Germany Greece Spain France Ireland Italy Luxembourg the Netherlands Austria Mmm Portugal Iå; Finland Sweden Mbálí Ui Lited Kingdom •••s ······ ···■ European Union :ί· il •••3 Regional policy mir' β* •s w Λ w i Ί·:·Ι· ··· I. • ι ·:·.. eî·! ··· ··· «« :·"·■ Regional development studies The EU compendium of spatial planning systems and policies Belgium Belgium Denmark Germany Greece Spain France Ireland Italy Luxembourg The Netherlands Austria mmm Portugal iå; Finland Sweden MbáLí Ui lited Kingdom European Commission 28 Β European Union Regional policy Regional development studies The EU compendium of spatial planning systems and policies Belgium European Commission Already published in the series 'Regional development studies' 01 — Demographic evolution through time In European regions (Demeter 2015) 02 — Socioeconomic situation and development of the regions In the neighbouring countries of the Community in central and eastern Europe 03 — Les politiques régionales dans l'opinion publique 04 — Urbanisation and the functions of cities in the European Community 05 — The economic and social impact of reductions in defence spending and military forces on the regions of the Community 06 — New location factors for mobile investment in Europe — Final report 07 —Trade and foreign investment in the Community's regions: the impact of economic reform in central and eastern Europe 08 — Estudio prospectivo de las regiones atlánticas — Europa 2000 Study of prospects in the Atlantic regions — Europe 2000 Étude prospective des régions atlantiques — Europe 2000 Estudo prospectivo das regiões atlânticas — Europa 2000 09 — Financial engineering techniques in regions covered by Objectives 1, 2 and 5b of the Community regional policies 10 — Interregional and cross-border cooperation in Europe 11 — Estudio prospectivo de las regiones del Mediterràneo Oeste Évolution prospective des régions de la Méditerranée-Ouest Evoluzione delle prospettive delle regioni del Mediterraneo occidentale 12 —Valeur ajoutée et ingénierie du développement local 13 — The Nordic countries — What impact on planning and development in the Union? 14 — Development prospects of the central Mediterranean regions (Mezzogiorno-Greece) 15 —The spatial consequences of the integration of the new German Länder into the Community 16 — The impact of the development of the countries of central and eastern Europe on the Community territory 17 — Étude prospective des régions de l'arc alpin et périalpin Studio delle prospettive delle regioni dell'arco alpino e pedalpino 18 — The prospective development of the northern seaboard 19 — L'impact sur le développement régional et l'aménagement de l'espace communautaire des pays du sud et de l'est méditerranéen (PSEM) 20 — Evolución prospectiva de las regiones interiores (y de los espacios rurales de baja densidad de población en la Comunidad) Évolution prospective des régions intérieures (et des espaces ruraux de faible densité de population de la Communauté) 21 —The regional impact of the Channel Tunnel throughout the Community 22 — Prospects for the development of the central and capital cities and regions 23 — La notoriété des politiques régionales en Europe 24 — Cohesion and the development challenge facing the lagging regions 25 — In den Regionen für die Regionen Europas — Über die Aneignung eines neuen gewerkschaftlichen Arbeitsfeldes At regional level on behalf of Europe's regions — Developing a new field of trade union activity Agir dans les régions pour l'Europe des régions — Un nouveau champ d'activités syndicales 26 —The impact of structural policies on economic and social cohesion in the Union 1989-1999 Die Auswirkungen der Strukturpolitik auf die wirtschaftliche und soziale Kohäsion in der Union 1989-1999 L'impact des politiques structurelles sur la cohésion économique et sociale de l'Union — 1989-1999 27 — Community involvement in urban regeneration: added value and changing values 28 — The EU compendium of spatial planning systems and policies 29 — Economic and social cohesion in the European Union: the impact of Member States' own policies A great deal of additional information on the European Union Is available on the Internet. It can be accessed through the Europa server (http://europa.eu.int) and the Inforegio website (http://inforegio.cec.eu.int). Cataloguing data can be found at the end of this publication. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 2000 ISBN 92-828-2694-5 © European Communities, 2000 Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. Cover photos: Brussels, the Atomium in the evening/Castle and moat in Bruges Printed in Italy Preface Each year, the Regional Policy Directorate-General of the European Commission launches a number of studies in the field of regional policy and regional planning. These studies mainly aim at providing a basis for policy formulation internally, as well as the preparation of programmes and initiatives and a basis for analysing the impact of current or planned activities. The most interesting or innovative of these are published in a series entitled 'Regional development studies'. With this series, the Directorate-General hopes to stimulate discussion and action in a wider sphere on the research results received. The publication of the studies is addressed to politicians and decision­ makers at European, regional and local level, as well as to academics and experts in the broad fields of issues covered. It is hoped that by publicising research results the Commission will enrich and stimulate public debate and promote a further exchange of knowledge and opinions on the issues which are considered im­ portant for the economic and social cohesion of the Union and therefore for the future of Europe. Readers should bear in mind that the study reports do not necessarily reflect the official position of the Commission but first and foremost express the opinion of those responsible for carrying out the study. Preface Contents Compendium's objectives 17 Author's note 21 A. OVERVIEW OF PLANNING SYSTEM 23 General summary 23 Principles 23 Historical background 24 Plan levels in Belgium 25 Spatial planning in a federal State 25 The 1962 Spatial Planning Act 25 Planning instruments in the 1990s 29 Planning and development 33 Sources and further information 33 Context and principles 33 Constitution, legislation and judicial system 33 Constitution 33 Judicial system 34 Legislation 34 Sources and further information 35 Development process and market circumstances 35 Development process 35 Sources and further information 36 Economic development 36 Economic development 36 Sources and further information 36 Environmental policy 36 Environmental policy 36 Sources and further information 37 European Union 38 Impact of the European Union on planning 38 Cross-border cooperation 39 Sources and further information 39 Flexibility versus certainty 39 Contents of spatial plans 39 Review of spatial plans 39 Deviation from spatial plans 39 Sources and further information 39 Government structure and powers 40 Government structure 40 Contents Powers 45 Spatial planning powers 46 Implications of constitutional reforms on spatial planning and policies 47 Sources and further information 47 Land policy, land quality and building quality 48 Land policy 48 Land quality 48 Building quality 49 Sources and further information 49 Plan led/development led 49 Plan led versus development led 49 Sources and further information 49 Political priorities 50 Flemish Region 50 Walloon Region 50 Brussels Capital Region 50 Sources and further information 51 Political system, administrative system and public participation 51 Administrative system 51 Political system 52 Public participation 52 Sources and further information 53 Population and statistics 53 Population characteristics 53 Statistics 54 Trends 55 Central power — local power 55 Flemish Region 55 Walloon Region 55 Brussels Capital Region 55 Sources and further information 55 Flexibility versus certainty 55 Flexibility versus certainty 55 Sources and further information 56 Government structure 56 Government structure 56 Sources and further information 56 Policy trends 56 Policy trends 56 Issues which will affect the planning system in Belgium 57 Creation of cross-border regions 58 Cross-border issues 59 Sources and further information 60 B. MAKING AND REVIEWING PLANS AND POLICIES 61 Summary 61 Policy institutions 62 National Government 62 Federal government 62 Federal departments 62 Arbitragehof/Cours d'Arbitrage (Court of Arbitration) 62 Raad van State/Conseil d'Etat (State Council) 63 Regional government (three Regions) 63 Regional Council 63 Regional government 63 Administration of spatial planning and housing 64 Deconcentrated spatial planning departments 64 Regional government organisations 64 Regional advisory committees 64 Town Planning Council (Brussels Region only) 65 The EU compendium of spatial planning systems and policies — Belgium Provincial level (10 provinces) 65 Provincial Council 65 Permanent deputation 65 Spatial planning responsibilities 65 Provincial spatial planning services 65 Local government 65 Municipal level 65 Municipal Council 65 Council of mayor and aldermen 66 Spatial planning responsibilities 66 Municipal advisory committee 66 Municipal consultation committee (Brussels Region only) 66 Municipal spatial planning services 67 Other organisations 67 Policy instruments 76 National level 76 Regional level 76 Structure plan for Flanders 76 Walloon regional structure plan 76 Brussels Regional Development Plan 77 Brussels Regional Destination Plan 78 Sub-regional level 78 Sub-regional plan 78 Provincial level 80 Provincial spatial structure
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