P reface .
The old spellin g -b ook reprin ted in this volu me “ ” was discovered a few y ears ago in the British Mu seu m c atalo u e b the re ent wri r Till th n it a ar g y p s te . e ppe s t o hav th n l e escaped e otice of phi ologists . There is al o a co in the B odleian ibrar b u t like m ost s py L y , old choolb ooks it eems t o b e rare an d as ever s s , y work which throws light on English pron u n ciati o n ab ou t 1 700 a period when importan t sou n d - changes w ere c arri ed ou t hould b e welc om I hav decid d s e , e e t o u p blish a reprin t of it . The presen t edition differs i n two respects fr om tho revi u l Th a inati se p o s y pu blished in this series . e p g on of th e origin al has n ot b een followed. The mispri n ts are orrec ted in the text a l t of them b ein ou n d c , is g f
at . 1 h h p 2 3 . It s ou ld b e added t at the origin al is badl rin t ed and that the t e u sed was eviden l y p , yp t y o ld an d worn the r su lt b ein that sometimes letters , e g
ll l n n o c as c an th r e b an dou bt what are i egib e. I e e e y the inten ded readin is an d I have iven the c o rrect g , g form withou t any remark. In con clu sio n I b eg to offer my grateful thanks to the Kai serliche Akademie der Wissenschaft en in Vi enna which h as su b idi ed al o thi volu me of th , s s s s e
To ro es or B rotanek n ow of P f s ,
ni ersit o we a debt of ratitu de for 12118 U v y , I g
bli h hi r rin in hi mu offer to pu s t s ep t s seri es . I st o mit t o mention that my wife has relieved me of mu ch work by u n dertaking th e c opying of the t ext an d
l i n n h a in h he p g i t e re d g of t e proofs .
L u n d . In d i n tro u ct o .
’ h h lar m anion is an n T e Writin g S c o s Co p o ymou s . All we c an say ab ou t its au thor is th at h e was in d n a hi w d 1 all rob abilit a on o er s s or on . 2 p y L , s p “ seem t o im l : at on don where to avoid a broad p y L , clowni sh S eakin w e are t oo a t to ru n in t o the con p g , p trary E xtr eam of an affec ted way of S p eakin g p erhaps ” It em v r likel that h was a ho ol too fin e . se s e y y e sc m a t r s e . His b ook does n ot b elong t o the mo st imp ort ant au thori r ard 1 7 h c n r r n n iati on ties as eg s t e tu y p o u c . w In the first place he was a poor phon etici an . T o or thr ee examples will suffic e t o prov e this stat emen t . H e does n ot distin gu ish b etween diphthon gs an d di graphs . He m akes a distin cti on b etween prop er an d im ro er di hthon b u t a ro er di hthon is n ot p p p gs , p p p g syn on ymou s with a diphthon g in a m odern s ens e an d
Thu in b i ll d a r r vic e versa . s ea leed s ca e p ope ; ea in
leas e an im ro er di hthon thou h both den oted p , p p p g g is d fini ti n di r the sam e sou n d . H e o of th e ffe en t kin ds
. v of diphth ongs p 3 3 i s n o t ery clear . An other n d r th v w l h h w m l 2 7 . u e e o 0 t ro exa p e. P. f e e s t o geth er u n der 0 long the c lose 0 in go an d th e Open 0
in ros t a lder man et c . It is on l b th e hel of f , y y p II o ther criteri a that we c an establish whether the lon g
n u h words as orm horn r etor t was clos e or 0 i s c f , ,
on the whole hi s ex re ion are o ten o pen . Up p ss s f It id n th very vagu e an d c on fu sed . is ev e t at we oft en c an n ot draw any c on clu si on s from his st at em en ts
h x n d in hi r egardin g t e e act sou s u sed s time. ’ S econ dl ou r au thor has u ed C oo er s ramm ar y, s p g in a wa whic h om etim e c om e n ear l a i ri y s s s p g a sm . v ral w ll b in t d t la S e e c ases i e p o e ou t er on . Here
will onl draw att en tion t o a few of th h I y em . T e
i m inl k n r c ha t r o n str ss . GM s a ta e m p e e (p ) y f o C oop er . w “ k ” 6 M h r v l r n . r v o st of t e o ds u ga ly spo e p 8 f. a e gi en b r There i s an im ortan t di f er n h w C oo e . e c e o y p p f ,
ever with re ard t o the last m en tion ed c a e. Am on , g s g vu lgarisms ou r au thor gives n u m erou s w ords which “ “ ac or din t w r u d facilitati c g o C ooper e e se s c au sa . H e als o m akes a few n ot u nimp ortan t addition s t o th 1 e lis t .
’ B u t the Writin g S cholar s C ompan ion also gives s ome valu able inf ormation on 1 7 th c en t ury pron u n
i l h is on of the irst t c ation . In the firs t p ace e e f o rec ord s ome imp ortan t s ou n d-chan ges which are kn own li n t o h ave t aken plac e ab ou t 1 70 0 . El s did ot fin d d an earli er m en ti on of th e c oalescen c e of ME . 6 an 2 th r w i n d an the E xp ert Orthographist 1 7 04 . He e e f l h it u n equ i vo cally r ec ogn ized 9 years earli er . A so t e di eren ce b etw en ME at an d a Eu an d n had ff e . , ( e c om letel di ar d The w ell - kn own ron u n ciation p y sapp e e . p in [ ] for [in] in presen t p articiples i s m en ti on ed.
1 n The s a emen ) Thu s m m fo r one is wanti g in Coop er. t t t
a s h i n nu ncia ion is also n ew. th t n s u r e et c . is a west cou try pro t III
Further our au thor doe n ot im l o rom , s s p y c py f
C oo er when he m ake u se of his book. On th e P , s c ontrar his tatemen t how n u mero u div er en i e y , s s s s g c s ’
r o m C oo er an d o ten u lement the e. It is f p s , f s pp s evident that the two thou h on t em orari e did n ot , g c p s , w u h m Th ex lan ation al ays se t e sa e pronu n ciation . e p ’ i s prob ably that the au thor of the Writin g Scholar s C om an ion was a on don er who oke on don En p L , sp L g ’ li h whereas C oo er s ron u n c iation was n ot u ite s , p p q
free fro m provin cialisms . C ooper lived for many y ears ’ in Bishop s Stortfor d (H arts) . A c omparison b etween ’ ’ C ooper s an d ou r au thor s p ronu n ciation offers some
p oin ts of inter est .
i have rea on O n e more p o n t may b e added . I s s ’ for b elievi n g that the Writin g S cholar s C ompan ion has b een u sed by an d has in flu en ced later t eac hers of l h i n 1 sp ellin g . T u s I su sp ect that R ight Sp ell g 7 04 an d the E x er t rtho ra his t 1 704 which i ve a ood p O g p , g g deal of imp ortan t in form ati on on c on temp orary p ro
n u n ciati on ow n ot lit l t u r th r . On ih , e a t e o o au o e
tan will b d . s ce e p oin t e o u t later on (p . X)
The fo llowin g essay i s m ean t (1) t o s erve as a c ommen tary on the b o ok several statem en ts of o u r ’ au thor s n eed explan ation (2) t o systematiz e the in ormation on ron u nciati f p on contain ed in it . I have gen erally refrai n ed from discu ssion s of more gen eral bl h v p ro ems . I a e esp ecially avoided dis cu ssing su ch c ases i n which ou r au thor has ob viou sly made u se
1 Cf. m edi ion of Jone s . . ) y t , p LXII IV
’ of C oop er s b ook; the editor of C oop er will b e in a d al wi h h b etter p o sition to e t t em .
ls in Vowe stres sed Syllables .
QUANTITY.
B esides in ciden tal n ot es in the chapters dealin g with vowels r e eren c e t o whi ch will b e iven i h , f s g n t e
art deali n with u alit rul e ab ou t u an tit ar p g q y , s q y e iv n s iall in th ll wi n l g e e p ec y e fo o g p ac es . h . 4 5 we ar e t old t at a e is short in Aetn a c c P , in di u s wh r s i l n e e ea c c s o in hoen ix. O p , g P
On . 69 . there is a li st of w ord es ecial p f s , p ly Fr en ch an d atin ron ou n c ed with a hort vowel L , p s ,
as a n t . All hav till th m n go y e c e s e sa e qu an tity. A lo g i l l t i al b n d 1 . s 0 tab VI f . l s so to e fou p . 1 f ( e ; c a so i - t abl V . r e r an d s n i r b e ) He e h fe We a d p p e a e t o e n ot ed .
1 . n t l l Table XII (p . 1 3 i ) c o ain s a fu l ist of words “ ” i n which ea is r on ou n c ed as cc or e lon an d p g , n ain s i li w t able XIII (p . 1 14) c o t a s milar st of ords w ith ea pron ou n c ed as e short .
QUALITY .
ME . a a. , O u r au thor does n ot give mu ch in form ation on th d “ th es n i ru l . 2 2 hath a r e old e sou s . H s e p (a e f ” ou n d hort l on an d broad s eems t o im l that s , s , g , ) p y h e n otic ed th e qu alitative differ en c e b etween a in ha t an d a i n ha te whi ch n o dou bt exi st ed an d his de , “ ” “ scri tion f l n 2 n ds l n small o a o . 3 a sou o p g p ( g , an d slen der in su ch words as make) m ay p erhaps V b e taken as proof that a in ha te stru ck him as closer th tha in t an t ha . Lengthen ing of a [ac] b efore cer tain grou ps of
c on on an t is n o t m en tion ed. On the c on trar ar s s y, f ,
r t v n d with h rt a blas t are i e . 2 3 amon wor o a p , g p g s s , an d 46 it i s s tat d th . e at ea in hear th hear t is ro p , p “ ” n h h l n ou n c ed short or s arp . C oop er as a o g vowel i n car cas t etc . p , h The an wa w . c ge [ ] [ e] is m en tion ed p 2 3 u n der a . “ “ Amon exam le of a bro ad are m en ti on ed was g p s , was h water w h an d r d t al ra t wa war e c . o a lder , , , , ( s man C urio u sly en ou gh there i s an additi on to “ ” th e h a d h ll ble e e t t t war warm etc . are ort a ff c , s sy s “ in c on t radistin cti on to car e dare which ar e l on , , g ” ll abl This wou ld m to rove that the vowel sy es . s ee p h r di n in ward etc . was hort if so thi is an ot e ere e s ; , s ff c
r m h u i n th ther word was f o C o op er . T e q antity e o s (
et . is n m n i d c ) ot e t on e .
S ca rce had short e eviden tl owi n t o late hor , y g s m t nin f m . h v n t et e o e e a . 2 3 a e o g [ ] (p , I with hi r n i wh l The ron u n t s p o u n c ation any ere e se. p i h oth c ation of Ja mes as James . 9 on t e er (p , b an d al s o o c u rs in C oo er an d o ten in later time , c p f s ; t a du t St orm hilol o ie . 8 1 5 . I m b e e o f. e . . o g , P g , p y h 3 844 . T e J m es o cu rrin e. . B eves v. ME . e , c g g
i d a l n . r t v ulgar gr ift for graft (p . 86) s u e to e r y M g yf ; E f . c . N D
ME . ai .
4 k u th There i s a feeble att empt (p . 3 ) to eep p e ’ di stin ti on b et ween a i an d a b u t evidentl our au thor c , y s ’ c on fu sed ru le is on ly an adaptation of C o oper s state VI
d i . m en t which will b e ou n n Elli 1 2 6. In oth r , f s p e plac es th e c oalescen ce of ai an d a m e. a) is re
c o n iz ed thu . 4 1 where we are t old that ci in g , s p , i n i r n u n d s i r l n 49 “ i de s o o c e a a o a o or . i s g p g , p ( n ot ou n ded when i e a i or ei ha en in the a s , , , , pp s me ll l i i s ab e as n S h eld lais ter Cf. al o 8 7 : y , , P , s p . thei r i s p ron ou n c ed thare.
The ronu n ciation of a ain - s t lai ted wain scot p g , , p , i h s n ot qu ite clear . They are given toget er with “ ca tai n cer tain etc . amon w ords with ai sou n ded p , , g , ” lik e r i h It w ld s m m lik l a e o s ort . ou ee o st e y th t l w i - o n e as u ed n a ain st an d wain scot . As y [ ] s g , , r egar ds p lai ted we sho u ld rather exp ec t it t o have “ ” h ad i n d m lon i In ca tain et c . a e a g e [ ] . p [ ] [ ] y h v a e b een u sed.
ME . a w.
di hth n The n ormal repres en tative of this ME . p o g i was p r ob ably an op en 0 c alled a broad p . 2 3 ( n h w 2 7 lwa s an d u c ord as all scald 0 lon . a s s , ) , g p ( y
robabl au ht the ro er di hthon d a aw p y g p p p gs , 5 h i i b t h r nu n p . 3 ; b u t n ot in g defin te s said a ou t e p o
iati on c . h dl The ru le . 3 5 ab ou t en han se han t etc . ar p , y giv es an y inf ormati on ab ou t the pron u n ciation of th d i i r mblan e ese w ords . B esi es it b ears a su sp c ou s es e c ’ t o a ru l r e of C oope s (p .
ME . e.
It is som ewhat dou b tfu l wh ether the chan ge of e t o a mixed vo wel [a] b efore r in a stressed syllable had t aken plac e in the pron un ciation of ou r au thor . VII
a that u r i writt n r in E n lish words He s ys p . 3 0 ff. s e e g o f more than on e llable as adder re er s len der sy , p f ,
h . etc . in c ertain ot er c a es it is written a r or i r etc ; s , , “ For the re t as word of on e llable ex e t her s , s sy ; c p ( ) an d in the b egin n ing of words of m ore than on e ” ll h r w h able t e a e ritten u r as B a r etc . T i sy , y ( ) , , s, literall i nt er reted wou ld rove that u ch word as y p , p s s err er n her b u ern had till e b u t then wh was , f , , q s [ ] ; y p r efer pron o u n c ed with u r [er] ? Either p refer has b een th ou htle l t aken over rom C oo er who has g ss y f p , a similar ru le ab ou t dissyllabic w ords in - er with the x m l d r au h r e a es adder re er s len der etc . an ou t o p , p f , , him h h H r with 9 ma s elf ad t e pron u n ciation [er] . e [ ] y b d h n u s of the word e u e t o ME . hir o r t o t e fr equ e t e i n an u n tr s d ition It is n t worth that od es s es e p os . o e y H g h as n b t n t a it eem in 9 i her m an n er et c . u o s [ ] , , , s s ,
ern rb Or ou r u thor is onl thin kin of u ch he . a f , y g s w or ds as er n her b which w ere o ten ron o u n ed f , , f p c with a lon vow el in arl Modern E n li h an d had g e y g s , therefore in all prob ability [e] ab ou t 1 7 00 ; he may h av e forgotten su ch w ords as err etc .
ME . 3 . ( , 5
A s already m enti on ed the c oalescen ce of ME . 6 an d p? is already an accomplished fact in the pro n n i ati n h Th r u ltin vo w l h u c o of o u r au t or . e es g e e c alls 6 lon g or cc ; it was n o dou bt a lon g i [i ] . E xamples will b e fou n d esp ecially in the follo wing l ac e : . 2 4 e l on 2 7 ma az in e 3 5 f. cc 3 9 f. p s pp ( g) , ( g ) , ( ) ,
ea 41 ei e as co nc ei ve ke 42 - ie as eld ( ) , ( , y, , y) , ( fi ) , 43 co as eo le 45 ac ac an d in the li t ( p p ) , ( , ) ; s of VII I
w h r n u n d r n 1 3 wor ds it ea p o o c e as cc o e lo g p . 1 ;
l 3 2 shir e cashire ron . s heer cas er of. a so . he p ( , , p , ) , w h 5 l it il n t . an d p . 0 (p eop e s e o) In seven words this c han ge of E t o [i ' ] had n ot t ak n l z 2 4 an d b r e ace vi . there wer e where . ea p , , , (p ) , 4 s wear tear wear . 0 4 5 ron ou n c ed with , , (pp , p “ ” h a lon i . t v w l in . i n t w . e e o e take It s o e orth g , y that the other wor ds with this pron u nciati on given b lli . bear d C o o er of. e . . E as ear l are y p ( g s , p , n i i l i n ot m e tion ed . Th s om ssion in al prob ab lity m ay b e t aken t o prove that ou r au thor did n ot pron ou n c e “ “ th s w rd w h l It houl d b e add d that e e o s it on g a . s e
dear t r t i v 1 14 in th li t of w ord with h ea h en . e , , g p s s
short e have a hort e al o in C oo er . , s s p Short en ing of E or c has t aken place in som e w h ver l xam l ord . Cf. the li t . 1 14 w ere e a e e s s p , s p s
will b e ou n d all well kn own rom other ou rc e . f , f s s
th er ex am le are er ce eld ar e r ien d ron ou n c ed O p s fi , fi f , f , p with h ri en d was al o ron ou n c ed wi th s ort e (p . f s p “ h ort i i or e hort whi ch ou Here m a s ( s , y y al o b e m en ti on ed eo ard leo ard eom an with cc s j p y, p , y r n p o ou n c ed as short e (p . 5 d e were In E u boea ac c ordin t o . 4 o an , g p , “ ” arted t o u d e b other exam le as oem roem p ; j g y p s , p , p , th It is m ean s that 0 an d e were b oth pron ou n c ed. seems dou btfu l whether this was a r ec ogn iz ed pro
n un ciati on .
i . ME .
ME . i b e ore r was ron ou n c ed as u i . e. f p , l a o in u ch word as mi racle s tirru . . 2 5 s s s , p ; cf pp , 3 1 1 1 1 . , IX
w irr u n i . In s ah i as ron o ed as a . e ac c f. p c , [ ] ; h h . 2 6. C oo er as t e same ron u n ciati o n as al o p p p , s
hn 1 Th latt r v ir an d ir l Jo ston 7 64 . e e gi es g l m ac e with the am e vowel an d ael i s a well -kn own vul s , [g ] arism t o thi da u ose ae is a develo m n t g s y . I s pp [ ] p e i t ll u n d i n n t . h f arl m o d. f t o e e o Jo e e c . o e y [ ] , s f s ;
chan e e a i n the ame o iti n . ME . g s p s o ’ “ The len gthen in g of i in the vu lgar een t for is ” “ ” 86 C o er h s en t o is n t fa ili i it n ot p . ( o p a f r o c tat s ’
au a ma b n l u s th i n n t . c s ) y e a a og o t o at do etc ; of.
Gr . . 7 7 r mm n M d . 7 orn a atik . . Je er e o E . 88 sp s , , H , G , p
ME . 0 .
A lon 0 was ron ou n c ed in ros t corn g p f , , w h hor n con s or t r etor t s corn hic had dou btles ME . , , , , s
d b thi lon 0 w as o en short 0 (p . N o ou t s g p du e t o the well -kn own lenght en ing of o u r au thor does n ot disti n gu ish b etween the vowel in
ll hav 3 in alker . the e word an d that in o n o . A e W s s g , The sam e vowel [0 ] is very likely m ean t by the lon g 0 in or m an d i n torn i n which however a l on f , , g l u h w rd c ose 0 i s also theoreti c ally p ossible. As s c o s “ ” as orce s or t born u orted are tated t o have f , p , s pp s h h . i i k l t r d v 0 0 i e . u t s u nli e t hat orm o n oul a e [ ] , y f , s h ad the vo wel
In cos t on the other h an d 0 was hort . , , s (p
ME . 5. N o c ertain c on clu sion s c an b e drawn fr om the stat ements of ou r au thor as to the pron u n ciation of It wa n dou bt l h o in o n o etc . s o c o er t an th g , s e short 0 in n ot . “ In a broad roat he ron ou n c ed c a broad like ( ) , g p ,
4 . . 0 e. as see a w i . p In s om e w ords we fin d t he pron u n ciati on 0 0 [u ' ] 1 r r i n t ead of viz . o ce o ch s or t u r or t su or t s ( ) f , p , p , p p , pp , 2 “ ” ' t . 8 bor n u rt d r n . b . 1 tran s or o e o oorn 2 1 . p p , s pp , p p t 2 8 . I h r 2 in hos m os t os t r os t . n t e orme ( ) g , , p , p f grou p thi s pron u n ciation is n ot u n c omm on ab ou t 1 7 00 ; iall G a l l 2 6 w f s c b ri son 8 ff. i h r t re n s . o . e e e e e ce p y , f iv th e e w ord h r b au s b li h e e e ec e e eve t e ME . I g s s , I b ase t o have c on t ain ed Q; this 6 is an alogou s t o the lon a in s carce i n ear l in the w ord of Fren ch g , e p s
r in b r t d t E len ht enin in an o igin ; o n i is u e o M . g g open syllable (bor en
h i n in is rob abl T e pron un c atio ghos t etc . p y
d u e t o a dialec tal develo m en t of cf. orn ram p 5; H , G m v i atik 96 4 . The sam e ron u n ciation i s i en n , p g R i ht S ellin 1 7 04 where en ross is added an d in g p g , g , h i h in th t e E xp er t Or thogr ap his t . It s cu riou s t at e wi h former b ook ghos t et c . are giv en in on e plac e t
0 l i in an oth r la with 0 n . he on . e . o e c e 0 T g , [ ] , p [ ] . list in the latt er plac e b ears som e r esemblan c e to th at ’ in Writin S holar C om an ion an d it doe n ot s eem g c s p , s u nlikely that the au thor of Right Spelli ng has derived
his in rm ati n n rom the latter b ook . fo o o ghos t etc . f have n ot seen the E x er t rtho ra hist b u t t o I p O g p , ’ u d b 1 th list in u esti on j ge y Ellis s extract (p . 03) e q is id i l w en t ca in it ith that in R ight Sp ellin g .
1 ime as a i ion of the P onu n cia ion of S ence ) R Cr ter r t p r, P o e on and S winbu ne U sala 1909 . p , Byr , r , p XI
u m t hav l ME . b see s o e ost its secon d elem en t w an d al d i h . 2 i c o e e t Cf . 8 ilen t s mo t sc p s , s ommonl added at the en d of word ou n din 0 lon c y s , s g g, ” d “ an . as bow etc . ) p 3 9 ( ow sou n ds like 0 long in ” b w F u r i tr i 3 B u b o o s an r b d . t e sc e for e p 8 . ore l the di hthon was r e erved t o u d e b tat e f p g p s , j g y s “ m en t on . 38 3 9 : c u an d ow k e their ull s pp , e p f d “ h oun in bowl cou lter et c . an d t e sou n d of on s , , ” is ometime ex rest b 0 lon b e ore l as droll s s p y g , f , ,
kn oll t . Th r a 2 7 whi h s m e c e e is a st temen t on p . c ee s “ t o c on tradict this : 0 is c ommon ly long b efore ld as ” bold lt as bolt ls t as bols ter . B u t rob abl the , , p y au thor is thin kin g only of the qu an tity of the vowel
in these words as again st the short 0 in bob et c . A s an d 0 are mixed u with ea h other [ ] p c , w e c an draw n o c on clu sion s as t o the pronu n ciati on
w 2 7 f. . of ords like dou h ou ht etc . . . g , g (cf p , p “ Th e st atemen t that gh i s added t o on to len gt hen ” the ou n d or m ake it broader how that 0 was s , s s [ ]
kn own t o ou r au thor in some words of this kin d . Short ening of pa t o 0 short has t aken place in ’ w h 3 r t lk rm it . f. r s o fo y (p . C Wa e f
5 ME . . 2 will b e ou n d . 8 The wor ds c ontain ing ME . 5 f p
3 7 u n der n ort u n at el the (u n der an d p . ( U f y st atements of ou r au thor are so vagu e that w e cann ot
wa d ide i n what word or u or e was u ed . al ys ec s [ ] , [ ] s h ll win had rob abl broom choose T e fo o g p y , “ 3 7 cc in th e e is ull a or d hard p . ( s f y ff , ; XII
m m u shrom do an d a f w th rs 2 R o e e o e . 8 u n d r , , p ( e “ ” the ru le 0 i s ob scu re like c c ; all the examples seem v h d l n v h t o ha e a a o owel . B lond ou d ad a g ) , fl [ ] , b h ta m 8 n lik h t o ju dge y t e s te en ts p . 3 (o e u s arp) il w 5 en t in th rd . h r an d p . 0 (o s ese o s) T e est are u n
B ro ther t er d s d ertain . mo h oth m o ve wor o c u r c , , , , c
2 8 m a li t of w rd with r n u n d p . s o s o p o o c e ob scu re
ik r h r Al l the other w ords i n thi li l e 0 0 o s o t i t . s st s eem t o have had a hort vowel an d all exc e t s , , p i h woman m o t r ob abl a . M or e t o ether w t womb , s p y [ ] , g , al iv n 3 7 0 ha the o u n d of b u t th i s so g e p . ( s s e t t m n t h r iv h l in all od a e e t e e e u s n o e . F o ood s g s p y f , g h “ ar i n . n d r t i r l s n d l et c . e g ve p 3 7 u e s u e : 0 0 ou s ike i t hort n ortu n atel lood is on e of the exam le s U f y , f p s , an d that w ord s eems t o h ave had [a] . S o all w e c an d h v w l w h . h s ay ith certain ty i s t at food et c a a s ort o e .
oor had lon 0 the am e vo wel as boar boat D g , s , ,
hi n i i n i m n d 5 . m . T ro u n at o s c o o ate i e . o . 1 c , [ ] , p s p
in r d E n lish art B u llokar Grill . o ib ea l Mo . y g (H , , ) P ss ly
r . it is p artly d u e t o OE . do
ME . i t .
O ur au thor does n ot make a clear distin ction b etween the rou n d vo wel in bu ll an d the u nrou n ded v w l V lik l h did n ot o e in cu t : [u ] an d [a] . ery e y e u it h r This i s n ot ver q e appreciate t e diffe en c e. y remarkable as even C oo er a : u amvis in ter bu ll , p s ys q ” cu t min im a videat u r ali u a t amen est di feren tia . , q f 2 8 A s alread tated n u merou s w ord are i ven . y s , s g p in a list of words with o pron ou n c ed obscu re like 0 0 or hort u most of which had rob abl a on e at s , p y [ ] ,
XIV u sed of the sou n d bu t evi den tly this so u n d c an n ot b e m ean t an d c d shou ld c ertainl n ot b e alt er d , y e
h m h v l ' t o a n . O u r au t or a a e c a led u u b ro ad t o y [ ] . h it m har disting u is fro u s p [e] an d it l on g in du e et c . Short en in g of a h as t aken plac e i n m any w or ds b e or e r - c ombin ation s as ad ou r n cou r teou s ou r n e f , j , , j y ,
s cou r e etc . in tou ch an d in di s llab ic w ords as g , , s y
3 . d u b e cou ra e tc . . 8 o l , g e p
In cou ld as also in s hou ld wou ld on w as r o ( , ) p I a an tit rtain . n ou n oun c ed s 0 0 . u u n c e (p q y y ,
t u was r n ou n d l n r ou r ou h o o c e as i t o o eu . y , y , p g (p
ME . Eu u . ( , E
Th ese two diphthon gs had c oales c ed in to o n e
ll d u r l n an d a d di hth on c a e e o i t o c c or in t o . 3 6 p g , g , g p i m l n d i th m m n i n . xa 2 9 p ro o u n c e w ; s ay ea [ ] E p es pp .
the vowel u 3 6 cu ew 4 1 lieu 43 a t ( ) , ( , ) , ( ( ) , w 1 0 9 table here a l on list i s i en . ( II , g g v ) N ot e th e following c ases : The p ron u n ciation “ ” d m m n l n l eun u ch i s u se c o o y b u t ig oran t y (p .
n t i ron u n d r In Li eu ten a s p o ce lev o lef (p . “ ” i r u iss a n t . 44 u a e arted that is i orm s a p (p ) p , , f
r w S aw s w ar iv n . 1 0 9 am n d s llable. h h e e e o or s y , g p g with ew pr on ou n c ed as u . P . 3 9 s how is stat ed t o h ave 0 l on g
. i M E o .
’ The m at erial fou n d i n the Writin g S cholar s C om p an ion will throw s ome light on the distrib u tion of - h n li . h t he tw o oi diphthon gs in early M o d . E g s T e 7 m l v 3 . exa p es ar e gi en p . XV
m h We in d the ronu n ciati on i lon i . e. o et in f p g , s g like ei i n om e words which are iven b other [ ] , s g y orth o epists with the s am e pron u n ciati on (or typ e of
ronu n ciati on viz . ois on boil m oil oi l toi l an p ) , p ; , , , ; oin t oi n tmen t coin oin tu r e oin t b u t al o in m ois t , , , j , p ; s , whi h h i in ill d c as o o es L ediar d. Al s o bu o [ ] G , H g , y eems to have h ad the ro n u n ciation ei t o u d e s p [ ] , j g b th tatem en t 3 5 th t bu b the e an d bu o e . a b y s p , y, y y y “ are written for distin c tion sake Th e sam e pr o n u n i ti on is iv n b art b n ill c a g e y H ( u ei) a d Gr (bili) . ti “ ” o e bil a or . 8 N c e s e p 9.
Th e ron u n ciation oi oi oc cur s in s ome wor ds p [ ] , u su ally given in other orthoepists with the same pro n n i v id c i i oi v i u rth r u ciat on iz . a vo o u o t r ce o ce e , , f, q , ej , ; f in m oi et whi ch have n o t ou n d in other earl y, I f y ortho e i ts b u t where oi i s t o b e e ec ted in r ois e p s , [ ] xp ; f (Jon es which i s of u n c ertain etym ology (prob ably an oi - word in hois e whi ch has i in od e i s i ) ; , o H g s , [ j i n Jon es an d where ei seem t o b e what houl d b e , [ ] s s
ex ec ted in all in Jehoi ada Tr o . p ; f y , y
Vowels in u n stressed Syllables .
IN ET N C SY AB E S . 1 . PR O I LL L
w n i n A n m Ae c c er e lo en eas oeco o . , g , y (p h In d er ea l a an d e were p arted (p . Ot er “ ” cases of parted vow els ar e t o b e fou n d u n der dip k 4 heba . 3 6 B an er es . 1 et . thon s e. . eers o c g , g B p , g p
r d. B u t in B eelz ebu b p . 7 7 cc a e n ot parte “ Un stressed i in su ch w or ds as divide was o h ” ’ di iden d th i s wer ro s cu re like e (p . In v b o e p (b‘ ) XVI n ou n c ed as e; so the wor d s eems t o h ave b een end
s tres ed as it i s s till om etim e . s , s s
I 2 . N MIDDLE SY LLABLES .
v w l h a . A o e as som eti mes di sappeared b efore an other v ow el as Ca n aa n the lan d bu t Ca n a an th , ( e n h wi h 7 7 so of N o a t a a art ed haroah . a theis t p ) ; P p ; , 4 i i h t a theism . 1 e or car ri a e m arri a e al o p ( s ) ; g , g , s
r i 44 i il n t s a n i l . 42 i r p a l a men t p . ( s e ) ; p e p ( e e o h i s ort) .
i ha r w l b . An e or s b ec om e b e o e a o e as [j] f v , h - - - in t e n din . 2 6 5 e ia l ia n 2 6 44 i er . 0 gs , pp , ; pp , ; - 2 ion . 6 44 5 i . 4 0 h deou s m eteor 3 . pp , , ; , p
Thi s has c oales c ed with a rec edin s z [j] p g [ , ], h l i l - - 2 6 t e resu t b e n E xam es : si on tion . g U, p , pp , 44 5 i 0 63 f. a n i n t tra n t t 2 6 5 nsci n ce c e n s e e c . 0 co e , , ; , , ; , i h . i a d u o 2 6. n on 64 it s s n a s ea te cea n etc . . W e , p p t hat ti i n a tien ce i s r on oun c ed as s i th e e lan ati on p p , xp i s pr ob ably that the au thor w ants t o p oin t o u t that ti i s n o t r on o u n c ed with t in thi an d similar w or ds p [ ] s , i i il l n i n a li a in i n . s m ar a at o e s t i s e. g . fu s t a A exp pp s
- t h r 5 in ti n as or rection . o t e ul e p . 9 (ct a: e o c ) h w l m in s hu s u in c . In so m e c ase t e vo e r e a t s , h m les e ectu a l t . i m n t e e a e c . 44 E u hu es b . A o fi p , p g x p “ ” o f word with v ow l arted see u n der di hthon s s e s p ( p g ,
as im ther ar man whi h mi ht b elon h ere b u t p s ) e e y c g g , t he ru les ab ou t p art ed vowels are p erhap s n ot alway s t o b k 1 hu wh n e an d a are s aid e ta en literally . T s e
1) It is p erh ap s n ot imp ossible t o in terpret desu etu de with we a ed 44 as efe in t o t he onu ncia ion we ou p rt (p . ) r rr g pr t [ ] , th gh - it is m ore likely that a S p elling pronu nciation [i u e] is m eant . XVII t b e art ed in o ea n 40 it m a b thi nl m o p c (p . ) y e s o y ean s “ ” t h n at ea do ot here d n . es e ote e lon g i e . [i ] . Simi larl in a ean t s er ea n t n n i ve ea ce h. B u t i t i y p g , g , g s als o p ossible an d p erhaps m or e likely that e an d a were reall b oth ron o un d a v w y p c e s o els . Cf. also i 45 Ill chael . ac art d b u p ( p e ) t M ichaelmass ib . (ae
short e) ; a loes ih. k d . n o e has ta en l i n 5 S ac e damosel . 1 y c p p p ,
iven r d . alcon er . 50 s cr e Wedn es a 48 ven ison f p , , y p ,
4 i r r r . . 4 9 v ct u alle on vitle . 4 p , (p . ) p
3 . IN FINAL SY LLAB LES .
r n . a . B efo e a c o son an t
a V w l b r m ll t h v . o e e o e I n s ee en era o a e s f , g y
m ll a i . E l . di a eared I n b ec a e s b c xam e . 1 7 s pp ; , y p s pp f m t x m l r n . r a f ru m ble o u bl crachls e c . as e e o (g , p g ; p s ’ d n din i 4 n n n wor s e n c o on a ts hea ven ro . hea v n g s ; , p ) , 4 w h l 5 . i it i i en t 0 b 4 6f 9 su bt l bas in etc . acon , ( , s ) ( w ith i t . v w t h v etc . a s len ) B u t the o el s eems o a e r emain ed i n su c h w or ds as du n eo n co mm u n ion g ,
t . 43 f . 50 in bar n . 5 n d . 4 e c . o 0 a ho vel 7 . pp , ; p , p N o te that o u r au thor seem s t o have t aken a good deal of his i n formation ab ou t syllabi c co n son an ts from
C o op er .
Vowel b e ore r en erall a ar as u fl. s f g y ppe ll 30 ff where d t ail d ru l f r t h S ee es ecia . e e e o e p y p , s
a - r - r - i v ellin of u r s a e u re etc . are en an d sp g ( , , ) g ,
h 1 12 wher t h r ar li t o w rd t e table on . e e e e f o s s p , s s wi r w - r - o - Th r i al s th u ritten o u r u re. e e s o ome , , s
- in ormati on 2 5 a cr e ron . acu r 3 8 ou r f pp . ( , p , XVIII
n w h h it u r 46f r n . ro . o t . lu cre o lu cu r etc 5 1 p s ) , ( , p ) , - f - r r n ls r r n r . 2 6 5 . ou o . u r C a . o ie o . u 0 , p ) . , p y pp , “ “ l i r an d d v lo d After ong i n fi e et c . u [a] ha e e p e ;
. 5 . h w c f. 2 3 1 47 Similarl in u c ord as c ur e pp , , y s s v w l a l d v l . d b or r viz . i r b ab a o e e e o e e e e e. o p f , , p y [ ] ;
f. . 1 o p 3 . The en din g - u re was n ot always w eaken ed t o [er] in an u n tressed s llable b u t remain ed as - eu - er s y , ,
i u r i . e . er in over tu re ress u re u adra tu r e s ta tu e [ ] , , p , q , ,
textu re verdu r e . , (p h t r a . 7 . O e c ses
i w n n d in bislw oss i An u . e. e as ro ou e , [ ] , p c p , g p , h - 2 6 n d n t n din o . 3 8 ki n dom . a i e e us g (pp , g (pp , B u t e or t had 0 ron ou n c ed as c c rob abl zf p , p y
' 2 8 . [u ] p . w i i . i a r on n d n r t . An . e s ou e i o eit e c , [ ] , p c f f 3 It i cir cu i t con du i t ver u ic e . 4 s (p . , , j (pp , 4 i wh n . 3 u n c erta n ether i cap tai n etc an d mai n tai n (p . ) the un stressed a i was pron ou n c ed onl y as [i] or alter
n l a . f. a a v VI . t e y s [e] C b o e p .
To d h at n n 2 5 it wou ld u e b t e t eme t o . j g y s p , “ h - i had l n i i . . e . s eem t e en din g i te in i n fin i te et c . o g e [ ] d b . In h w r t e en d of o s .
a . The in al vowel in s u ch w or d as a bbe a rm f s y, y,
du l an d rob abl e i tome etc . was r on ou n c ed as e. y, p y p p Ac rdin 4 1 n d th tran ri ti n - le for - l c o g t o p . a e sc p o e y “ . 2 6 hi w i r n n i ti on t e as lon e . e . a o u a p , s g p c whi h w h av i ht x t am n ot uite u re c e e a r g to e pec . I q s h ow th - 6 i x lain ed - e stat emen t ab ou t y p . 9 s t o b e e p y in a de will b c r n . h rt . xam l e a my et c . p o as e s o ) E p es XIX
0 w w 24 . al . 1 h re e ar o u n d e eciall . o e e f sp y p ; cf s p , - t old that y in cha ri ty i s pron ou n c ed as e. N ot e t hat e was r on ou n c ed in Biblical n ame as Jess e in p s , di r e an d in cr on e whic h is dou b tle iden tic al with g , , ss
n . m o d. cro y (p ’ - d The en din ow in arr w t . was ron ou n ce p. g o e c p ” is r bl m an as 0 0 or u ob scu re (p . Th p ob a y e s [u ] : had the pron u n ciation b een ou r au thor w o u ld “ ” prob ably have called it u short or simply u ; had “ ” it b een u the addition or u ob cu re woul d r ob [ ] , s p l h v ab a n m d The on tradi tor ru le . 2 8 e b ee o itte . c c y y p , where bi llows ellows a llows are iven am on wor ds , f , g g g with w ilen t added t o 0 lon ma be a remin i cen ce s g , y s “ rom C o o er who a s w u iesc en s ad u n itu r ost f p , s y q j g p ” 0 in al e as bowe bellows allows . It is less f , , g likel that ow w as ron ou n c ed as b e ore z as y p f [ ] , w [u ] in the en d of ords .
C on son ant s .
m 1 . S o e inf orm ati on ab ou t the pron u n ciati on of h w n son an t s an d t ir ls ill b . c o e symb o e fou n d p . 8 ff
. 55 ff . th r i in rm ti n In Ch VI (pp . ) e e s s ome fo a o ab ou t
h r n un iati n In th t a l t e o c o of s c th etc . e b es at p , , , g the en d there are lists of w ords with g p ron ou n c ed
as b e ore e i an d with ch ron ou n ed as k an d [g] f , , p c ; som e more r u les ab ou t the pron u n c iation of 3 will b e
th 3 n d 54 h d h Fu r er o n . 9 a t r r o u n t ere . e e a e f , pp lists of words with gh p ron ou n c ed as f ( am o ng the
exam les n oti c e hou h an d . 53 a li t of word in p g ) , p s s w n hic h t is writte th . A few n ote m a b add d on om s ial in s y e e s e p ec p o ts .
h th t r i r n n d N ot e t e statemen ts p . 8 a s p o ou ce h a n . as ar n d o p 9 t at h i s pron ou n ced ach .
10 o r a th r t ll u h t h On p . u u o e s s t a a: as the sou n d
of two c on son an ts viz . s or n ort un at el he , g U f y
i v n o xam l of w rds with n g es e p es o a: pro oun c ed gs .
“ m n t 1 0 h A cu riou s state e is foun d p . : x has t e
n n t i ts Thi m sou n d of 2 on s o a v z . a b c s , ( ) s y e ’ “ n t 3 : rm n i a remi isc en c e of C o op er s n o e o n x p . 3 G e a ” p rou t ts son an t . Amon g examples of c pron ou n c ed as h w e m ay
m n w oin t ou t Acelda m a Cis Kish . 59 a o ords p , ) p ; g
with ch k m achi n . 1 1 9 . , p
The p ron u n ciation Ca les for Ca diz (p . 1 0 6) is n t worth o e y . wa r n n d i r i 61 i G s o ou c e as n a le et c . . n p [g] g p ,
hetero en eou s hom o en ea l et c . . 1 0 8 . g , g p
“ S everal wor ds with p h an d s h p ar ted are hi n m l w t d 1 5 . T s eed n t i that as en u m era e p . o p y h au dible in all the words ; the au thor m ay m ean t o say
that h s h w ere n ot ron o u n c ed as f . Two ex p , p [ , j]
l r rk v h m an d ha rsin . am es a e rem a able iz . r es a U p , G p
The orm er has n ow an d Jes ersen a s Mo d. E . f [I] , p s y “ w r r n u n i 1 . 5 kn n th o c Gr . 3 6 For Gres ham I o o o e p ” ati on than r e em an d m a b e le itim at e . The [g j ] , [j] y g ’ Writin g S c holar s C omp ani on shows th at [j] i s a sp ellin g pronu n ciation . t r at l r i z 55 ff. are o a e The ru e c on c e n n s . s g [ , ] p g ext en t t aken rom C o o er t hou h o u r au th or has al o f p , g s n id n t al n otes added s om e m aterial of his own . I c e
XXII r u ng ; Bu t n ot in o thers as what on u ed b u t rov e that ou r au thor c f s , p s i e ma pron u n ci ation [in ] for [ n] in p arti ciples etc . W y p erh aps also c on clu de that m achin was th ir t s llabl e f s y e . w i 54 a s l n in r i . P s e t up b a d p . 1 3 In th e c ombin ation wr w w as silen t . . (p ,
In u oth u was il en t as n o g s , diphthon g (p . TH E
’ Writin g S cholar s O M P A N I O N
In fallible RU LES for Writ in g a uglia
' With E ale an d C ertain ty
Drawn from the Grou nds and R ealons h of t e E N GLI S H Tongu e.
C om ehen din in a Full P lain and pr g ,
xact Met od what e er is necelfar t o b e E h , v y
ferved in Writing Tru e E ngli/h .
In Thr ee P a r ts .
' Compoled for the Ben e t of all fuch as
' are In duftriou l ly Amb itiou s o f lo Commen dable n men as i in T u e E n li h is ene all efteemed an a . Or t , Wr t g r g / g r y ' ecommen ded el eciall to th e You of bo S e es R p y th th x ,
and t o be Tau ght in S ch ools .
L on don P in ed for the Au o and are to be S old at the idow , r t th r , W
’ in W - - err s o e a ainft Co ck Alle hite Gro s S t reet . 1695 . Sp y , v r g y /
Kin d R eader ,
Hou gh the follo win g Pages c ontain all the Obferva 1 tions an d Directions that are abfolu tely requ ifite for Writing Tru e E nglifh; y et daily In du ftry mu lt
u them in ractice b re u ent c om arin Exam les p t p , y f q p g p t o th R u les an d takin f ecial n otic e of the arti 5 e , g p p x ti c ul ar E c ep on s . A 2 The Firft art furn ifheth ou with Materials fo r P , y i n a Fou n dat o .
The S ec on d ives ou the whole B od of th , g y y e
E n li h Ton u e for a S u erftru ctu re. g f g , p An d the aft art Emb ellifheth it with t he No L P ,
' fl of an d emov n ce ary Orn amen ts Po in tin g Acc en t. R i g the uz zlin if icu lties of variou s Writin b an p g D f g , y Alphab etical C atalogu e of Words of the fame or very
lik ou d b u t different S en e an d r ho ra h e n t . f , c O g p y The Tables at the en d alfo for the B ene t o f , fi
fu c h as are alto ether i norant of the a tin Ton u g g L g e. ere i s n othin wan tin ro u ma to mak th H g g I p f , e e mean eft C a acit write Tru e E n li h C om eten tl well p y g / p y ,
an d thofe of u icker art s as m a fa n fallibl 20 q P ( I y y) I y, at leaft n ot Irregu larly ; Therefore I muft entreat y our atience du e Atten ti on an d A li ati on of Min d P , , pp c , I t 4 the e de To R a r.
1 which will foon ren der the Rul es i n this Book E afie
an d Familiar an d c onfe u en tl the whole E n li h , q y g f Orthography ; That you r Writing m ay n ot Blufh t o
appear b efore an y Impartial Ju dge. B u t thefe R u les
‘ 5 mu lt b e c onftan tly practiled till they c ome t o b e ha l bitu a .
[ hall onl add Two Ob fervati on s m ore That n I y , ( ) is u t a ter a m an d th when the n ext word b e p f , y , y , in with a Vowel as a n A le min e E ies thi ne g s , pp , ,
' 10 E ars an d b thole who wou ld write acc u ratel n ; y y , ( )
is u t a ter a b e ore h as a n ead a n H or e an p f , , f ( ) , H , f ,
Hymn .
2 . That Words en din in b d l m n g , , g , , , , p an d r have c omm onl thole etters dou bled when a , y L ;
15 S llable is added t o them that b e i ns with a Vowel y g , as B ob R o bber B id B iddi n F la F la eth , ; , g ; g , gg ,
R ebel R ebelled Tr im R immi n S in S in n ers , ; , g ; , ;
G a G a eth B lu r B lu rred &c . p , pp ; , , E R R AT A.
His ook is c on trived for th e ocket to b e at 1 B P , han d ; For the oftner yo u perufe it with c onfide
ration th e oon er ou will b e able to Write Tru , f y e
i B u ra as ou alon c orr h i E ngl fh . t p y y go g ect t e c
Mift ak s of th efs an d ard n it r l 5 e e P r o the e al Fau t . , P L s
3 1 . 2 5 o r d n . . . l a for a n ea a lo 3 . P ge Lin e . l g ( ) g p 7
la t . . . 47 . l 1 3 . f r r. . r owr lu m . o a a . 51 f , f P p (y) y p .
— f . 5 f r . . . 2 l . n 2 3 . I er i n 5 . or e l 6 . r t do g p . ( ) ( ) p .
- t . fo i ou . 88 . r a V w u r eon l . laft r . tu i t o l S g . p e 1 t . . 2 . l. 1 . f r r r . m a e 0 r . ion ad ( ) p 9 3 o m e fho t d foft .
. 1 0 . . r d . . 1 04 . l. . . l 14 for word r . wa 6 r E ccl p 0 . p e f . t r b u t n rt n ia l . a l e 0 7 . 9 . e a o e i ece it . f ftes . p 1 f / ff y 2 . 1 nf r i n 1 2 m . r 1 s . ar f h 2 8 . . i e t B ooks o o e u c p 1 l 1 .
k . 1 2 . l . 2 as m 1 2 av v r he . f r a e Le es of e e y S et p 1 0 . o 1 i e. . . r . Cen ta u r or t 5 him r . t m 13 8 Cen or p y y . 9 i 1 3 . l . 1 . . . 14 . . d en t . eller 0 r or di p r . f p ff f
. 44 l. . . o . . 1 52 . l . 10 . r. a ree. 1 . 9 r ho t a tter er g p f p fl . 6 5 ...... 1 2 . l 2 . u r bo t . 1 9 l 2 . i di n . T 1 r B n r . r p g p .
64 w . in o r idle. . 1 . r . ollen i h l . va Wo t l 1 7 3 . r . , p ( ) p 3 7 . 6 . l . 2 . 2 la d a a t . 1 l . r . ealt . r . ci e. 7 1 u ea 0 p , g p f y q fy .
. 1 82 . l . 1 4 . m u n t n . . 18 . l . 10 . Co c io 6 r . Al hi . r c p p p my .
1 to Imprefs u pon t he min d (as m u ch as poffible) t ru fou n d an d forc e of ev r on fonant as w e , e y C e at
the en d as b e in n in o f ev r word r S llable ft , g g e y o y : A er
thi m an n er be-eb cc - cc de-cd e- e e- e h -eh s , ; ; ; f f; g g ; e ; 5 je ke- eh; lo-cl; m e- em ; n e- en ; p e-ep ; qu e- re-ar ; fe
te- et ve- w - ik wif i e cv e ex e xc ez . L e e f ou f; ; ; ; ; y ; , y fou n d them with a i 0 or 11 b e ore an d a ter them , , , ( ) f f
fre u en tl in o u r min d ou will fin d it a m oft ex q y y , y collent w ay t o fix the n atu ral fou n d of the C on fonan ts
3 l o in ou r 3 Memor which will ver mu ch con du ce [ ] y [ ] y , y t o write ru e En lifh for if ou ou n d t ru e ou t g , y f , y cann ot well write falfe E xce t where we write di ferent , p f from the fou n d ; Bu t fu ch wor ds are either r edu ced t o
R ule or inferted i n Table in the follo win [ heats of , s g 1 5 this B o ok.
CHAP . II .
S ever al Gen era l R emar ks up on fame of
the L etters .
E fu re t o retain in yo u r M emory the following
v O bfer ation s u pon thefe (1 2) Letters .
1 . That c ou n d alwa hard like ke b efore a ( ) f s ys ( ) ,
o u as Ca t Cock Cu an d at the en d of an , , , ( , , p , y S ll l t k y ab e i fou n ds har d like (ec ) . B u t (c) fou n ds foft acc ording t o its u fual n am e
25 cc o nl when e i or ollows it as Cellar Cit ( ) y , , y , f , , y, B 2
4 2 alwa s fou n ds hard like h ee b efore [ ] . G , y , (g ) a o u as a t o t u t and at the en d of an , , , , g , g , g , y S llable ou nds hard u nlefs a d com es b e ore it y (g) f , , ( ) f t o foft en its ou n d as bad hed bri d lod tru d 1 f g , g , g , g , g, which ma b e written with an e at t he en d or er y ( ) , p ha b with u ps etter o t . B u t when e i or ollow the foften its , , , y , f (g) y ou n d as in in er G exc e t nch word as are 5 f , G g , yp fy , p f s inferted i n the firft Table u n der (g) fou nding hard b e
or e d i th n d of hi B k f e ( ) an ( ) at e e t s oo .
A n d in all ro er Names in the B ible ou n ds p p , (g) f har d like hee b e ore 9 i an d exce t G en e is (g ) f , , , y , p /
k 3 . is never ron ou n c ed at all li e its u fu al H , p n am e u nlefs fometimes when 0 i s lot b efore it at the , ( ) b eginning of Syllables fou n ding (chee) and at the en d of lon g Syllables or when an other C o nfon an t c omes
B t t h n 1 b e ore c h as B eech B en ch &c . u a t e e d of 5 f , , , fhort S llables a t as well as a c i s added t o hel y , ( ) ( ) p o u t the [5] fou n d of ( ach) as it is commonly called ; [5] b u t b etter ou n ded etfh as n a tch etch di tch n otch f ( ) f , f , , ;
E xce m u i t u c h ric h ch wh ch . p , , f , ’ 4 . J C on fonan t with a t u rn d tail is alwa 20 , j, ys
ou n ded ee or dxhee an d is written b efore a o an d f (j ) ; , , u where a ott ou n d is re u ired as Ja bber Ja n le , f f q , , g ,
Jacka n a es Jar Ja w an d Jail for oal if it mi ht p , , , , G ( g obtain ) feems m ore agreeable t o o u r E nglifh pron u n ci ati on Jo Jo Jou r n e Joco e Jocu n d I n u r 25 , g , y , y , / , , j y,
Ju n kets M a or fo i n ro er N ames Jan u ar Jam es , j ; p p , y ,
fou n din Jem es John Jo e h Ju das Ju n e. ( g ) , / p , ,
5 K Th u n d of k is n ever written at the . e o , f ( ) b egin ning of an y word or Syllable b efo re (a) (0 ) or u exce t Ka te Kalend er Kn ack Kn a or B r eak 30 ( ) p , , , p ; K na ve Kn ead Kn eel Kn i e Kn i t Kno b K n ock , , , f , , , , 1 K n oll Kn ot Kn ow -eth i n led e K n u ckle : B u t is , , , g , g , alway s expreft by ( 0 ) accordin g t o t he firft obfervation
u n der K is alwa s fet b efore e ee an d 1 B u t , y , , ;
3 6 obferve K en ds n o E n lifh word 6 withou t an e [ ] , g [ ] , 5 at t he en d in a l on S llable u nlefs the S llable b e g y , y
lon b a i hthon as ea k an d ake n either g y D p g , fp , fp , doe k en d an fhort S llable withou t a c b e fet s ( ) y y , ( ) ’ b efore it tho ome re n ed rin ts of late omit the K , f fi p ( )
how ra i ll b al l f l d rmin t ona or d hal n ot ete e. y , y , I V w l l f k th 6 . o e i s a wa s et after t o ma e e U , y (q)
o f u n d of qu ee or kwee.
V C on f n an wi h a fhar b tt om fhou ld n e er 7 . o t t o , p v
b e fo m u ch mifufed as t o b e written for the Vowel (u ) .
f n b e 8 . W Is en erall allo wed t o b e a C on o an t , g y 15 ore a Vo wel as Wa War Wen I/Vc t IVi ll Wi t f , g , , , / , , ,
— w W0 A woke 850 . B u t ftan ds for u vo el after e , ; ( ) ( ) an d fometimes for (ou ) after fee the Tables at the
n d d d e u n er (ew) an (ow) for (c u ) .
it e a on a he in n in an d in the 9 . Wr t t b e L g (f) g g ,
2 0 middle an d a fhort s at the en d of words as S i ters . , ( ) , , f
f n . s 1 0 . has the fou n d of two C on o ants viz X , , g , 7 or ks which c an 7 n ot b e i n an E n lifh word Xerxes [ ] , [ ] g y g ; an d Xen o hon b ein reek words an d of a for ed p g G , c r n P o u n ciation .
f n an r a Vo wel an d ou n ds 1 1 . Y Is a C on o t b efo e , f (yee) b u t after a C on fon ant ftan ds for the Vow el (i)
b u t is enerall ou n ded e as Char i t exce t in g y f ( ) y , p b s words of o n e S llable as b m th &c . an d er y , y , y , y , V
en din in i lon as a com r e l b ecau fe i en ds g ( ) g , p , , p y , ( ) 30 n o En glifh word .
1 2 Z has the o u n d o f 2 C onfo n an ts viz . ts . . , f , ( ) R ememb er then (be lu re) That 1
C is alwa u t for the o u n d of K b efore a , ys p f ,
o an d u . , b efo a h re o u for hee t e hard ou n d . G , , , , (G ) f
C bef re and w 5 o e i al a s for S . , , , y , y Bu t b efore e i an d fom etim s for hee G , , , y ; e (g ) an f d ometim es for the loft fou n d (jee) or (dzhee) . I m ention thele twi e b ecau fe the are fo a t t o b e c , y p miftaken an d have fet them t o ether that the ma ; g , y y b the b e etter taken n otice of.
P CHA . III .
Of S yllables . A Syllable con tains [ 0 ma n y L etters as can be diftin ctly fou n ded together
O w a C on fon ant differ rom a Vowel in that a 15 s f ,
Vowel m akes a diftin ct ou n d of it felf as f ,
------A bra ha m E ter n al I vo r O ri en t V n i t . , , y , , y B u t a C onfo nant c an n ot b e fo u n ded withou t a Vo wel b efore or after it ; and c an make n o diftinc t fou n d V w 20 withou t a o el as bld dwlt n t h t tr n &c . , , , fl , g f , , fp ell n othing ; b u t if an (a) b e i n ferted in the firft ’ ’ after (b) tis ba ld ; (e) in the fecon d after (dw) ti s ’ dwelt ; (i) i n the third after (fl) tis flin t ; (o) in the ’ ’ fo u rth after (gh) tis ghoft ; ( u ) in the fifth after (t) tis tu rn Thu s o u fee C onfo nan ts withou t Vo wels c an 25 . y , n n 9 N ow it 9 not make a y difti c t fou n d or Syllable. [ ] [ ] o u ht t o b e re u en tl c on fi dered with du e atten tio n g f q y , an d applic ati on of mind ; That the diftinct fou nd of each Vow el cann ot b e too m u ch try ed u pon every 1 C on fon an t b a kward an d orward Be inn in with fh c f , g g ort S llables en din with on e fi n le Co nfon an t an d then y , g g ; fou n d them t o ether wi th an e at the en d thereb g ( ) , y m akin them lon ac c ordin t o the Table at the en d g g , g 5 of this B o ok of fuch fhort an d long Syllables ; An d if the Y o u th of either S ex wou ld divert th emfel ves with
a ame at C ramb o or R e eatin w ords of the ame G , p g f o u n d deli n in t o fix them i n their min d in order f , g g , t o w rite Tru e E nglifh ; I fu ppofe t hey wou ld fin d th eir 10 tim i e a great deal b etter fpen t than at C ards o r D c e. I prefs this p ofing on e an o ther in the diftin ct fou n d o f the Vowel ef eciall b ec au fe the are fo read s , p y , y y
t o b e miftaken artic u larl at on don where to avoid , p y L ,
a b road clown ifh S eakin we are t oo a t t o ru n p g , p 15 in t o the c on trary E xtream of an affected way of
f k n B 5 pea i g perhaps t oo fin e.
V A . I CH P .
ou ble or ra ther Two B e in n in Con onan ts . Of D , g g f
He b eft way t o kn ow what C on fon an ts will b egin
a Word is t o rame their o u n d b tr in them , f f y y g with an (e) or any other Vo wel after them ; an d if they will all int o on e fin le diftin c t fou n d as blee bleed f g , , , ble s then the ma b e in Word or S llab le b u t if f , y y g s y ,
u on trial the m ake t wo diftinct fou n ds the can p , y , y 2 5 n either b egin Word or Syllable. There are 2 7 dou ble or rather 2 di erent C on ( ) , ( ) ff
f n n h f ll b e in llabl s vi z ble bre che o a ts t at u u a S e . y g y , , , ,
cle dre le r a le r e kn e he le re ca , , f , f , g , g , , p , p , p , f , ha s ki le m e u e e u e te we the i r e f , , f , f , f , [p , fq , f , f , , , whe wr az B u t b ecaufe the kn an d wr ann ot withou t 1 , ( ) ( ) c u 1 Th laft of 1 1 m u ch diffic lty [1 ] b e fo u n ded together. e [ ] the two C onfon an ts which i s n ext the Vo wel b ein , , g
all u n d d h h i a w r fil n gener y fo e ; t e ot er s ( s it e e) e t. M oft Words begin n ing with (kn ) you may find 5 in the fecon d Cha t er the th Obfervati on u on k p , fif p ( )
d for fu d a wi h he page 5 . An ch Wor s s b egin t (wr ) t y are inferted in the third Table at the en d u n der (wr) . Thefe Six are en din as well as b e inn in C on g , g g
fon an ts viz . che an d ech he an d o h s ke an d es k 10 , , ; , f ; , ;
nd n [p a a efp ; [ to a d e/t ; the an d eth. h mi t add Six more viz . dwe he n a c I g , , g , g , p f , r he an d twe : B u t b ecau fe the are feldom u led , y , I fhall on l n ame fu c h Words as the u fu all b e in dw y y y g , , dwar dwell dwi n dle : h ho t ha tl : n n a t 15 f, , g , g f , g f y g , g ,
n a h n aw : f a lmi t a lm s : rh rhen i h -wi n e g / , g p , p f / , p f , / , r hetorick r heu ma ti m rh thm e or m etr e : tw twa n , f ; y , g,
twi ttle - twa ttle twelve twen t twi li ht twin kle , , y , g , ,
twin n s twi t twi t h tw c o . , f , ,
S ome add Bd as in B delliu m 0 11 as in Cn idu s : 20 12 , ; , [ ]
Ct as in Cte i hon : Mn M n a on : P n n eu m a tica l , f p , / , P w h f P t tolema is tolem : Z Z win liu s . B u t t e e , P , P y , g b ein moft ro er N ame derived rom the eb rew g p p s , f H , or reek are fo ver feldom m et withal an d fo ver G , y , y h ard if n ot im offible to be ramed in to on e fou n d 25 ( p ) f ,
v l em I fhall gi e yo u n o m ore trou b e ab ou t th .
n l take n o tic e that when ou meet with O e y , y
word that b in with two differen t Con fon ants which s eg ,
c an n ot b e eafil ou n ded to ether the latter n ext the y f g ,
Vo wel m u ft b e o u nded ex e t Rh where h is fi lent 30 f , c p ( ) ( ) , an d the former fo u n ded in Pron un ciati on : B u t by no 1 m ean s m u ft b e left ou t in Writi n whether the g , y ref ect the deri vation of the Word as P f or the p , ( ) en eral u fe of the E n lifh Ton u e which mof of g g g , t
hem do or t o diftin u ifh the differen t fen fe of the t , g
5 fam e fo u n d as Wr ite with a P en R i t a C eremon , ; e, y ;
R i ht or Juft an d Wr i ht a Man N ame or Trade g ; g s ,
as M ill S hi Wheelwri ht . , p , g
Th f 4 u l C onf nant han ei n 13 e e o b e o s c e th r S o u d viz . [ ] D g ,
h in ll Word b rew r k d ri 1 . C a s of e o ree e , H G
10 vation whether in the be in nin middle or en d , g g , ,
fou n ds k exce t Cher u bi m R achel an d T chicu s , p , , y ,
E h . 5 w r m u n d f r . d o ds o o d A as ef 2 1 . an c e o ch p p ,
A rch -B i ho Ar ch - eacon b u t i n Arch - An el ch f p , D ; g ( )
fou n d k s .
15 Ch in all other words ou n ds chee o r tfhee as , , f ( ) h ef h k the en d of fhort S llables t C e e C ic . B u t at , y ( )
is c omm onl inferted as ca tch etch n o tch wi tch y , , f , , , du tch e c e t m u ch rich u ck which an d when ; x p , , , f , ;
an other C o nfon an t oes b efor e ch as Benc h B r an ch g ( ) , , ,
20 B ir ch u rch : B u t i n lon S llables ch ou n ds each , L g y ( ) f ,
r B o eetfh as B eech r each. , ,
2 . So fo u n ds har d like skce b e ore a o u as ( ) ( ) f , , ,
car corn oa m : b u t foft like ee b efore 6 i f f, f , f (f ) , , y ,
as S ce ters S ci ers S c thia n s exce t S celeton an d p , /f , y , p , 2 5
h k n Th foft like them . 14 3 . T hard li e thi k [ ] , , ; , , , S ee the Tables at the an d un der (th) of both fo u n ds
h d an d f ft ar o .
4 Tw lik n and like twe i n twi . e t i Two , ( ) ; ( ) g,
30 twelve twen t an d all other words writt en with tw . , y , ( )
1 dou bled b u t u t t o ether at the en d of all fhort S l , p g y lables an d with an m ake the ou n d of x B ut , (s) f ( ) ; x is ver feldom wri tten which mu ft b e carefu ll ( ) y , y
min ded fee the 4 th Table at the en d u n der x -ct , ( )
5 -act d - ed ft ra t m hle m n in ben i n g g ; , g f ; g , p g ; g , g , con di n o u n ded co ndin e ld ca ld cold lf el g , f ; , [ ; f ; , [ f;
lk talk lm a lm ln i n coln fou n ded i n c un , ; , p f ; , L , ( L ) ;
l hel It ha lt lv u lve m ca m n d ben d p , p ; , f ; , f ; p , p ; , , bi n d n han nk ba n k n t min t i n t rb her b ; g g ; , ; , , p , , ; 10 rd har d rf car rk bar k rl n ar le rm a r m ; f f; , ; , f ; , f ; rn war n r car rt a r t rv car v ; p , p ; p ; , ;
x1 axle xt waxt . , ; ,
I. CHAP . V
Of Thr ee Con fo na n ts which en d wor ds
15 Th width br eadth fth th lch belch welch , ; fif ; , , , D , , a bble addle a e a le , , ffl , gg ,
babble waddle n a e tra le , f , f ffl , [ gg ;
n ch wen ch lct m u lc t lth lth m 1 dim le mbi , ; , ; , fi ; p , p ; ,
h u m ble m t tem t n cl u n cle n c t di ti n c t n dl ; p , p ; , ; , f ; ,
20 han dle u kl ri n kle u ff a ai n t n th n in th n l ; , fp ; , g / ; , ; g ,
m an le n dl in dle th de th rbl war ble rch g ; fp ; p , p ; , ; , m a rch arc h like ark in m on arch atria r ch r-cl ; , ( ) , p ; ,
ci r cle rdle ir dle r le ar le rkle ar kle ru t ; , g ; g , g g ; , fp ; ,
bu r n t rrh m rrh rth hear th rft cu r t rfh har li ; , y ; , ; , / ; , f ,
2 5 r tl tu rtle fcle m u cle askt f t ra t ftl w ra tle , ; , f ; ; p , g fp ; , / ; t ch ca tch thm r thm xth ixth z z le u z z le: S o , ; , y ; , f ; , p [18] (s) added t o any [18] of t he 2 Con fon an ts in the fore
going Chapter makes 3 en di ng C onfon an ts . V CHAP . II.
F ou r Co n o n an ts which en d Wo rds Of f .
c hei hth n th len th tr en th lc ht belcht , g ; g , g , f g ; , ; ldft cou ld t lfth twel th lt h ltch n c ht , / ; , f ; c , fi ; ,
la n cht n ft am on t n ths la b r in ths r obt m ar cht 5 ; g , g/ ; , y ; , ; r dft hear d t o r didft h ear rmth war mth t oht , / ; ; , ; , w a tcht : Alfo (s) added t o feveral wo rds of the fore
oin Cha ter as tem ts m on ar chs crackls dim ls g g p , p , , , p , ha n dls w ra n ls ri n kls m a n tis a ls hear ths , g , fp , , pp , ,
tu r tls r thms : and thefe with five C onfo nants mi ht t 10 , y , g / ,
lengths .
V . CHAP . III
Con on an ts o n ed b a n A o tr o he Of f j y y p / p , t ’ t hu s m ar k .
N words endin in ed e is often le t ou t an d the 15 g , ( ) f (d) joyn ed t o the foregoi ng Syllable with an Apo ’ ft ro he ab ove b etween the two C o n fon an t s as remov d p , ’ fo r rem oved B a lan o d for B a lan ced where c kee s , ; ( ) p i t s u fu al ou n d as if e or i were fet a ter it : In f , ( ) ( ) f ’ fo me d is t u rn ed int o t a ter k as as k t f as 20 , ( ) ( ) f ( ) , ( ) ’ ’ bere t c as lac t where ou n ds s x as mix f , ( ) , (c) f ( ) ; ( ) t ’ ’ ’ c h as fnatch t as thu m t a ter lon I as hif t ( ) , (p) p , f g ( ) ; ’ fh as c ru fh t b u t n ot after ( 1 d m n n s r t , , , g , g , , , , , , ’ ’ ’ v n o r after fho rt s for z as i n lead d a d ed d , ( ) ( ) ; p , y , g , ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ m aim d ei n d c lea n s d a lter d tor men t d lov d 25 , f g , , , , , ’ ’ a bu s d n or af er bl 0 1 l l as in hu mbl d ; t , , fl , g , p , , ’ ’ ’ ’ wri n kl d r i l d tru l d cou l d . , f , [ gg , p
bferv That the llables le and en a O e. Sy ( ) ( ) t the [2 0] en d of word are n ot diftin c tl o u n ded b u t lo oh s y f , 2 a rammati . Ekw ll , G k 1 fc u rel as if t o ether with the fo re oin S llable the y , g g g y , y
made b u t on e ou n d viz . r u m bl as if w f , G e, ritten
’ ’ Gr u m bl H ea ven as if writt n H eav n with an A ; , po ftro he m ark ab ove th 2 C on f n an s p e o t . 5 I have b een th e longer u pon thefe b egin ning an d en din C on fonants b ec au fe wh en the are o n ed to g , y j y ever Vo wel an d Di hthon the will fhow th y , p g ; y e poffibility of all Syllables ; whi ch b eing frequ en tly
ractifed with the ru le of di idin S llables ari ht p , s v g y g ;
10 is c ertain l the on el lain fu ll an d exact m th d y y , p , , e o wh ereby any on e c an attai n t o the molt p erfect u n der
h o writ r e En lifh ftan di n ow t e t u . g , g
A CH P. IX .
i n Of Sp ell g in Gen er al.
15 Pelling m ay b e u n derftood two ways either the t ru e fou n din of each w ord of on e S llable g y , h V w l h h n acc ordin g t o t e o e s o r Dip t o gs .
O r the di vidin of words ari ht in t dif in 2 . g g o t ct
B fare t o t ake n otic e : That f h S llables . e or t e m oft y , 20 part Syllables are fhort ; u n lefs an ( e) be added in the n d or a i hthon in the middle or where the e ; D p g , y are exc epted in the fin al Tab les ; Ac c u ftom you r felves
her ore re u en tl t o ou n d and write fhort an d t ef f q y f , ,
lon f llables with a fin le C on fon an t withou t an e g y , g ( ) 2 al with an e at he en d as ba t ba te as in 5 An d fo ( ) t , , , ,
m mb ri n alwa s that th fb ort the 5 th Table. R e e g y e
k is alwa m ade with a c o n ed b efore fou nd of ( ) ys , ( ) j y
2 2 the k as back bake. An d ou mu ft b e ver 2 2 er [ ] ( ) , y y [ ] p fect in them ; which will b e of dou ble advantage to help you t o the t ru e fou n d of the vowels ; an d That 1 w y ou m ay write them do n tru e at the firft fou n ding . Tho u h thi b e er eal ho e ou will n o t def ife g s v y y , I p y p the b en efit thereby .
A i hthon is two Vo wels ou n ded to ether of 5 D p g f g , w f hich m ore herea ter.
N ow to kn ow how m an S llable are in a word y y s , Obferve Thi en eral R u le M ark how m an Vo wels , s G , y
are in a Word S o man S llables as in tr en th , y y ; f g , ti - cd - i - d u b -mi - i -on r e- - n - r a - i - e c e e t on . , fp , f f f , g An d if it b e a lon word or ro er N ame ou g p p , y
will refentl read the word at firft l i ht as M a - ha p y , g ;
- - la lo el M aha la leel. , An d t o write E nglifh an y thin g t olerably well the diftinc t fou n d of each Syllable is m oft c arefu lly 15
Therefore ou m u ft b e fare to r eat t o b e att en ded . y ep every lon g w ord fyllabically in you r min d (that is) f llable b f llable b efore ou write 2 3 it do wn 2 3 y y y , y [ ] ; [ ]
t hu s O - or - tu — u i - t R e - con -ci - li -a - ti - on au fin , p p y , , p g or makin a little fto at ever S llable whic h 20 g p , y y , (feemin g) fmall C onfideration y ou will fin d (by ex perienc e) v ery apt t o preven t man y a fou l miftake an d
grofs abfu rdity . This general R u le of fo m any Vo wels ; S o m any
f llables holds t ru e exce t in ou r c a es . y , , p f f t here b e a i hthon as m a ou r then 1 . If D p g , , y , y ,
. h you have tw o vowels i n on e fyllable 2 . W en there a th en d of a word or an fil ent Vowel as is (e) t e y ,
3 . Word en din in i in chie o in eo le. es ( ) f, ( ) p p s g ( )
v mmon l m ore then one vo wel in a f ll ab le 30 ha e c o y y ,
as Ja m es M edes m akes n am es takes rakes takes , , , , , , f , 2 ‘ 1 lw f trad s wr i t s . 4 . u a a es ollow w h e , e ( ) y es (q) it an other ‘ vo wel as u a u ick an d fom etimes a ter as i n , q fi, q , f (g) u a lter lan u a e intri u e lea u e S n a o u e P ro G , g g , g , g , y g g ,
lo u e la u e ro u e vo u e. O therwife more then on e g , p g , g , g ’ 5 vo wel are n ever oun d in o n e f llable u n lefs o u l f y , y [24] fay words en din g in (ble) or (en) are [24] b u t on e f llable b ecau fe the are c ommon l ou n ded t o ether y , y y f g ; ’ ’ ’ ’ u b H a as B ibl , H m l , e v n , ev n .
CHAP . X .
Of the tr u e D ivifion of S ylla bles
Or dividin word in to diftin c t f llabl s ou mu ft g s y e , y b e fure t o keep in Mem o ry thefe fo u r ftan di ng
R u les . The Firft Fou n dati on Ru le of dividin g fyllables
15 Tha C nf nan t n ever t o b e or otten is this viz . t a o o ( f g ) , b etwe n t wo vowels mu lt b e u t t o th latter vowel e p e ,
i - n P - r as S mo e te . ,
h r 1 . Exc e t x which i s alwa es u t to t e o e p , ( ) y p f oin vo wel an d w when it is u t for u vo wel as g g , ( ) p ( )
20 S tew - ar d P ow -er b u t n ot in others where tis n ot u t , , p
- - for u b u t r emains a C on fon ant as r o war d r e ward . ( ) f , d wher th Wor d 2 5 2 . Exc e t i n C om ou n d Wor s e e [ ] p p , , Com ou n din an d the Word Com ou n ded mul t di p g ; , p ,
ftinctl kee t h ir o wn t rs as I n - a - bi - li - t u n y p e Let e ; y ,
25 - - e ven S u b u r bs . ,
h f an b i ords will R u le 2 . S u c n n ts as e n W C o o g ,
b e in an S llable i n a word which ou mu ft tr g y y ; y y ,
b u ttin an e t o them as b e ore Cha . S o y p g ( ) ; ( f , p t hat if more than on e C on fo nan t c om e b etween (2) Vowels fo m an ma b e o n ed to the atter as will I , y y j y L be in Words the reft t o the or mer as r c - lore con g ; f f ,
- train B eth aida . f , f This R u le is t o b e u n derfto od on ely of Simple
Words or wh en the Word Com ou n din end with 5 , p g s a Vo wel as R e- e- ren ce : N ot , f , 1 h it en ds wi h a n f nan as di -hon ou r . W en t C o o t , , f ,
a dif loc tion mif take. i s i u nd rfto od f fu ch Wo rds as 2 . N or t to b e e o have the en din l an d n efs oin ed to them as 10 gs ( y) ( ) j ,
R i hteou - l R i hteou C g f y , g f
om n d f r va iv th llabl of 3 . In C po u s o De i t es e Sy es [2 6] the rimitives fhou ld n ot be divided as Gla s -ca e P , , , f f ,
- - - P a s over ou hold S he herd . f , H f , p
4 The En din ed t eth ed t an ce i n er 15 . e gs , , f , , f , , g , ; an d when o n ed to wh ole Word take n o t to them j y s , felves the fore oin S llable as deli ver deliver - cd g g y , , , , deliver - a t deliver - eth deliver -ed t deliver - a nce de f , , f , ,
- - li ver i n deliver er . g ,
B u t if we con fi der the en d of Writin whi ch is 20 g , ( t o Ex refs ou r tho u ht an d the ictu re of Words p g s , P m olt c learly) which fho u ld b e a R u le to gu ide u s ; The S llab les o u ht t o be divi ded in Writi n as in S eak y g g , p in as n e -lec i -n o - r a nce a - ter thou h l n g , , g t , g , f f ; g g , g , w an d t will b e i n Wo rd . O ne ou ld think t hat a 25 f , g s kn o wn lain S o u n d fho u ld revail m ore than an harfh , p , p f i nveterate Cu t o m.
S u c h nfonant as ann b a R u le 3 . C o s c ot e in Word g , c an n o t b e in a S llable in a word as in or - et - u l g y , f g f n e s el-dom tr a m - et bec au fe r l ln ld m 30 f ; f , p ; g , f, , , p , will n ot b e in words t here 2 7 fore the m u l b e arted 2 7 g , [ ] y t p , [ ] 1 u ttin the fir ft C onfon an t t o the ore oin Vo wel and p g , f g g ; l the latter to the o lo win Vowel . Wherein take n ot ice , f g ,
that any two o f the fame C on fon ant s mu ft b e parted. V m t f l R u le 4 . two owels c o e o ether b oth ul If g , y
5 ou n ded the mu ft b e art ed as in tr i - a l r e- en ter f , y p , , , u - l ri -u m a in m f o m m u t a t h n d o t r er N a es . For , p ; P p the tr u e wa t o diftin u ifh S llables is to fto or y g y , p ftay at the S ou n d of the Vowels ; exc ept there b e a
i hthon in the middle or an es at the en d n a D p g , ( ) ; y, 10 thofe are diftin ctl ou n ded in ro er Nam es exc e t y f P p , p ,
S au l P au l T r e B ede R om e M ede. , , y , , , Thefe R u les C arefu ll obferved will teach ou y , y
n the right divifi on of Syllables with c afe an d c ert ai ty . Thu s mu ch by way o f In tro du ction : B u t my m ain 1 5 D efign fhall b e diftin ctly C omprifed in feveral Obfer
vation s R ules an d irection s u n der thefe three en eral , D , g
2 d i V w ls i hthon an d C onfonants . C ea v z . o e H s , , D p gs ,
h T e S ec o n d P art .
CHAP. I .
t o l Of he V we s . He greateft difficu lty is in the right Pronu n ciation of the Vowels the b ein fo vari oufl an d i ntri , y g y t l d d c a e y fou n e .
a . S ECTION 1 . Of the Vowel ( ) 2 5 A hath a three old Sou n d fhort lon an d ( ) f , , g ,
broad.
2 . t e Vowel e . SECT. Of h ( ) w l 1 f n r The ou n d of e i s t ofo d : . hort a d clea f ( ) , ’ b 2 lon lik e in be even in car a as in let a t . . e e , f g , ( ) , , f ,
m er e her e m ete where e at the en d m ake the fore? , , , ( ) s 5 going (e) lon g ; b u t this is v ery feldom in Words o f on S llabl For m oft co mm on l the ou n d of lon e y e. y f g
e i s fu lied with a i hthon either ee as in n eed ( ) pp D p g , ( ) ; l (ie) as in brief; (ea) as in r ea d : fee the feveral Tab es .
Bu t e in cr on e dir e E i tom e an d e at the ( ) , g , p ; ( ) 10 en d of ro er N ames m ake an other difti n ct S llable P p y ,
as Je e exce t R om e T r e &c . ff ; p , y ,
1 . Obferve That hee m ee hee thee wee ee , , , f , , , y , 1 i n a 3 1 m f ro erl wri ten wi h [3 ] (b e n g P erfo s) re [ ] o t p p y t t (ac) . Thou h C u ft om re ail s ab o e R eafon in rintin as g p v v , P g , 15 well as Writin g in this Cafe : an d why (e) fho u ld b e
l t u t after 11 in t he Word n el b the latt r ef o ( ) O y , y e
rints feems u nreafon able. P ,
2 . Obferve likewife That e is fou n ded at the , ( )
en d of man Words . When y ,
20 1 om times the are wri t n with ea a in a . S e y t e ( ) s S e ;
an d the o ther (5) u n der (ea) . w 2 S m etimes ith i s B u i M er ci a. . o e a e ( ) f ,
m ime with A A tou r 3 . S o et s e as bbe Alle t ( y) y , y ,
n e B ar le Ca u e Chim n e Cu r e Com r e y , y , f y , y , f y , f y, 25 a lle ackn e H on e Ker b Kidn e Jou r n e G y , H y , y , / y , y , y,
' in e — Wool e am r e M edle M on e M o n ke L / y f y , L p y , y , y , y,
M otle a l r e a r le Tu rke Va lle Vo lle . B u t y , P f y , P y , y , y , y ,
4 A n d m oft c ommon l with al n e as Arm . o y (y) , y,
Char ity .
30 3 . Obfer ve That e ou n ds a lon in ther e , ( ) f ( ) g ,
wer e wh r e e. , bf rv That e a ter r is 32 fometimel 4 32 5 . O e e , ( ) f ( ) [ ] [ ] fou n ded u r as if written b efore it as in Acre con ( ) ; , cen tre br e lu cr e m a acre m au r e m ea r e n i tre , fi , , ff , g , g , ,
o in ia tr e hiltr e as if a c ur bu r &c . which is the p f , p ; , fi ,
‘
Fren ch wa of Writin . S o ome write au re e O y g f , g , f
wr for r r u lchre o e au e e u lche o wer . p , f , g , f p , f
t 3 . he Vo i . S ECT. Of wel ( ) h b a h hr f l i T e i t a t ee o d ou n d . o n as n ( ) f L g , mild n d i n b u t m olt c om mon l the ou nd of , fi , f g ; y f
i te in words of on e S llable is written i ht as H0 ( ) y , ( g ) bri ht bli ht di ht ht i ht r i ht li ht kn i ht g , g , g , fig , fl g , f g , g , g , n i ht mi ht li ht ri ht i ht li ht ri ht g , g , p g , g , f g , f g , fp g , wi ht M ill or S hi -wri ht E xc e t bite ci te or g ; p g ; p , fummon kite mite u i te u i te ite r i te a C ere ; , f , f , q ; fp ; , m on an d t o wri te with a P en and mite the fmalleft H5 y ; ; ,
C o in : An d ords o f more than on e S llable of the W y , like ou n d are written with ite as i n n ite r e u i ite f , ( ) fi , q f
B u t w ords written with ire are ou n ded iu r as ( ) f ( ) ,
Ac u ir e a ir e 3 3 de ir a E u ir e re hire mir e 3 3 q , fp , [ ] f , fq , fi , , , [ ] ex ir e u a mir e ir e ire u ire tir e wire fo 20 p , q g , f , fp , fq , , ,
T re a Cit : i o u n ds fhort in bi b did b y , y ( ) f , , fi ,
i him lin i r i b mi s n i b thin t win : g g , , , p p , , f , , g , fi ,
n d 3 i is o bfcu re like u fho rt b efore r as in A ( ) ( ) , ( ) ( ) d B ird bir ch ir t r t hi r t thir teen &c . b u t eld , , , fi f , [ , , fi ber d Exc e t bu r blu r cu r m u r and u r - own bu t ; p , , , , f g ,
- fir tree. S o words Compo u n ded with c ir cu m (ab ou t) as circu m ta n ce circ um eren ce and lo ci rc u it ci r cle : fee f , f ; , d w d m n d w the Table u n er (ir) . B u t or s co pou ed ith (ir) for in have their ro er fou nd of i fb ort as i rr a tion a l 30 , p p ( ) , , 1 i r r efiftible : An d likewife (i) fou n ds (u) fhort in G offip
B u i i n ir n S rah u d a fh . f v t o s or t O b er e. Befides ( ) , f ( ) ,
1 . That i b efore er fou n d u r as Ca rri er ( ) ( ) s (y ) , i Coll er .
5 2 i b or f n . ( ) ef e (on) ou ds (yu n ) as Comm u n i on ; f o o nia rd as P u n ar d . P , y
i af r f f n d 3 . te t o u e as Cele tia l Fu tia n ( ) ( ) s (y ) f , f ,
Chri ti ti n B u t e c i ci i an d ti b or a n u e o . c c e e f , Q / f , , f , , f , f C 5 34 a Vowel ou n d like ( he or z he as 34 N a u ea te [ ] , f f ) ( ) , [ ] f , 10 cean Con ci en ce exc e t S cience An ci en t Tr an i en t O , / ; p ( ) , f ,
Peti ti on .
Moreover ou m u lt b e fure n ever t o write i , y ( ) at the en d of any E nglifh w ord ; exc ept y ou wr ite (e) after it as i n S u bftan tives a Ti e a Cri e an d fo ; , , ;
1 5 the are eafil m ade lu ral as Ti es Cri es : An d y y P , , (y)
i n v for e i Ad ec ti e as r ett hear t w ealth &c . ( ) j s , p y , y , y , A n d the Syllable (ly) fou n ding (lee) maki n g Adverb s
o f u alit when o n ed t o a Sim l e or rimiti e Q y ; j y p , P v
wor d as lovel du l tru l : B u t in Verb s as t o tr , y , y , y , y,
20 cr &c . an d i n all Words of on e S llable exc e t y , y , p
i h hon s as m a the fou n ds i l on as m D p t g , y , y ; (y) ( ) g y,
th h dr r l r - wh e. f y , fly , y . f y . p y . y , fly . [rv, y
Y ou m u lt t ake n otice that ie is ver feldom , ( ) y
written at the en d of word exc e t after I or f as s , p ( ) ( ) ,
2 5 Cr a i e E xta i e Gi ie u i n ie Cr u ci e D i n i e f , f , p f , Q f , fi , g fi ,
M or ti e M u n di e an d is t u rn ed i n o ie if s fi , fi ; (y) t ( ) ( )
if n fake follo ws as Ei es Ar mi es . An d for d ti c ti on , , , w i f e wr ite d e Cloth an d to di e or de art th s i e. y , p L 3 5 w ith To l e or 3 5 ei n from li e do n . To b u w [ ] y [ ] f g , y
30 Mon e b the b e an d the bu o of an An c hor. y , y y ; y Fu rthermore Obferve that if an endin exce t 1 , , y g , p ’ i n b e added t o tis t u rn ed in to i as tri a l tri ed ( g) (y) ( ) , , , ’ b u t tryin g ; b ecau fe two (i s) m u ft n o t be written on e a er an o ther exc e t the on e b e an C on fo n an t with ft , p (j) ’ i i a tu rn d tail as n le &c . 5 , j g , j g ,
f l f n M i La t i ou d ee in a az n e. y , ( ) s ( ) g
ECT. 4 t e h Vowel o . S . Of ( )
The fou n d of o i s three old lon An d tha ( ) f , g ; t,
1 . When it en ds a S llable as o n o o wo y , , g , , f , , n o - tary ; u n lefs when the fo u n d o f t he followi ng C on 10 fonant i s do u bled as i bod codici l n ota ble mon e , n y , , , y, f l hon e &c . ee t he Table f dou blin the fin e C on y , o g g fon ant in Wor ds of t wo S llables an d t he en eral y , g R u le of do u bling the fin gle Confon an t after the third Vo wel from the la as na tu ral in Word 36 of 15 3 6 ft , ( ) s [ ] [ ] three llab S le or m ore. y s ,
2 . When e or w is u t t o the en d as Toe ( ) ( ) p , , B on k e , n ow . f 3 . When a is in ferted as broach Co ach : ee ( ) , , , the i h D p thon g (0 a) . f ld 4 . is omm onl lon b e ore as bold lt O , c y g ( ) , ( ) as bolt lf l r rm as or m E xce t worm , ( t) as bo fte , ( ) f ; p ;
rn as cor n torn horn corn rt as con or t r etor t ( ) f , , , ; ( ) f , ; ex e t om r f r o t an d i n far b u t o c p c fo t ; ( t) as f / , ( f) w t v i h a fi ngle (f) fo u nds (c ) .
h h in f he o u n d of o is ex reft 5 . T e len gt n g o t f ( ) p
in writi n b a b efo r as Ald er m a n a lmo t a l g y ( ) e (I) , f , fom tim b u r r ead a l o a lwa s &c . an d e es e o y , f , y , y ( ) w f n ik wif a u ht r ( a ) : ee the Table at the e d. L e e by g o 2 8
1 ou ht as bou ht cau ht ou ht hau ht n au ht g , g , g , f g , g y , g ,
n o u ht ou ht tau ht lau hter wr ou ht . g , g , g , f g , g
f d fh r in bo b & . 2 . O o u n s o t hod to n o t c , , , p , , i f r like 0 fh rt An d that 3 . O s ob cu e 0 or o , , ( ) ,
5 1 . b efore m as come ki n dom om el com an ( ) , , g , p , p y ,
o me. b e ore as on do n con du i t be on d. f f L , , y
3 7 b efore 3 7 1 as colou r cola n der . b efore [ ] [ ] ( ) , (p) as bisho b u t n ot in w ords of on e f llable as ho p ; y , f p , b or th as B r other IlIother m other lo . e f p ef ( ) , , f , l 1 do th . b or ve as a bove dove love move o 0 ef e ( ) , , , ;
f r w a w o m n in lover hovel lover . a te s a p , f , ( ) ;
b u t ou n ds i i n women wor ld wor hi word &c . ( f ( ) ,) , f p , f , is obfcu r exce t 0 lo n i n wo wore a woke. o e p ( ) g , , , ( ) ,
like 0 0 in or ce a or d ho t m o t i n o t ro t ( ) f , ff , g f , f ; p f , f ,
1 e or t or ch or t in u r — a tr an or t : an d 5 fi , p , fp ; p f p , fp
i n R om e do hoe hor d m u hr om u n do to , , f , , f , , ,
who , two .
Obferve that 0 withou t an e en ds n o En lifh , ( ) ( ) g
word e c e t do u n do o ho lo n o o alfo who o ; x p , , g , , , , f ; / , 2 to u n to two too who wo m o for m or e an d Cu ckoo 0 , , , , , , , ,
whi h fom w i k c e r te Cu c ow .
Mo reo ver t ake n oti c e that w filent is m oft , , ( ) , c ommonl added at the en d of words fou n di n 0 y , g ( )
lon as bow low n ow crow ow own bi llows g , , , f , , , , , 2 ellows a llows exc e t D oe an d B u ck Croe of ro n 5 f , g ; p ; I ;
- R oe bu ck Toe : S loe a fmall black fo wr lu m . ; , P 38 fou n ds u fhort or obfc u re b e ore r tho u h [ ] O , ( ) , f ( ) g it b writ n aft r th r in A r on Citr on Ir o n e te e e ( ) p , , , f
S a r on as if written A u r n &c . fi ; p ,
B u t o ke s its fou n d i n dole ole hole mole 30 ( ) ep , p , , , tole n hni n f ; (e) fin al le gt g it . 5 . the Vo wel u . SECT. Of ( )
The fou n d of (u ) is twofold ; long an d fhort .
h wh i n ds a S llable u on an d t at l . en t e ( ) L g , ( ) y i n words of more than on e S llable as cu -ri -ou s y , , ,
‘ - J d u r a ble; except th e fou n d of the followin g C onfonant C is dou bled as i n B u r B u ried fo Ca n ter bu r S alis ; y , ; y , b u r Tewk bu r S ha t bu r : fee the Table of dou b y , f y , f f y lin the fin le C on fon an t i n words of t wo S llable g g y s, l u l n u n i ti n i h t h a n d the en era R e of r o c a o v z . T a t e g P , l — fin le Co nfon an t af er the third Vo wel rom the laft n ot l 0 g t f , ( reckon ing (6 ) fin al) fh ou ld b e dou bled in pron ou n c in g
d a r i bu t i tribu d Wh n an the Wor s con t ed d te . e , , f
e is fet a ter the en d as Cu be 39 M u le R u de 39 ( ) f , , , [ ] , ; [ ]
It draws the ore oin u lon and in m u e a bu f g g ( ) g ; f , fe, r e u e exc u e whic h fhou ld b written with a fhort H5 f f , f ; e
s fo u n din z b ec au fe the are Verb s t o diftin ( ) , g ( ) , y ,
u ifh them fro m N o u n s whic h are written alike b u t g , , o f differen t Si nificati on which fhou ld b e thu s diftin g ,
u if hed with lon I a bu e re u e excu e : fee the g g ( ) , f , f f , f T able at the en d u n der S u bftantives an d Verbs o f the like fo rt
O bferve that u en ds n o E n lifh word withou , ( ) g t
e : C u ftom has re ailed thou h it be fi lent an d fo ( ) p v ; g , i nfi nific an t It m u lt b e written as tr u e vir tu e &c g ; , , ,
E x o u i c e t thou adieu l eu . p , , y , ,
Obferve that u is o un ded b e ore r thou h it , ( ) f f ( ) g be written after it i n con tr u e mi n tr / , fco f u e; as if w n i ritten con tu r a d m con tu r . f , f f
ou n d i b ort in bu ie b u i n e s as if wri U , f s ( ) f f , f f ; t
t en bi z z biz n e i . y , / 30
1 N ow on e of the greateft Diffi cu lties which the.
E n lifh S cholar c an m eet with is h ow to Ex refs g , , , p 40 the fou n d of u r at the en d of w ords 40 in Writin [ ] ( ) [ ] g, when it is fo vari ou fly written ; an d l o alike fou n ded ;
5 as ar er i r r or o u r an d a r e all f ven u n ded , , , , y , , ; e fo h f ort as a r . , ( )
All that c an b e done i n this C afe is when ou , , y
have C onfulted the Fin al Ta bles of this B ook t o take , particu lar N otic e how y o u fin d this fou n d o f (a r ) 10 feverally expreffed in t he latter an d m oft refin ed Pri n ts an d Au then ti ck M anu fcripts ; an d write them down as y ou fin d them ; For (in deed) we have gen erally fu ch
reacherou Mem o ries that u nlefs we write do wn ou r t s ,
Miftakes as we fin d them C orrec ted in o u r R eadin g, 1 5 we fhail prefen tly forget them : Therefore I wou ld advils fu ch as ftrive t o write Englifh exac tly (if they c an fpare time) t o keep a kin d of fmall Blank Paper B ook t o write down fu ch di cu lt Words as the , ffi y c omm only m eet with in their R eadin g ; an d place them 20 u n der fu ch like eads as have do n e in m Tables H I y ,
n h v rf at the en d of this Book. A d frequ ently a e rec ou e
41 t o them in fu ch Cafes 4 1 ef eciall as thi b efore [ ] , [ ] p y s u s o f t he variou writin of this ou n d of u r alwa s , s g f ( ) y R emem brin the m oft dif cu lt Attain m en t have the g , fi s
2 5 reateft Commen dation s . B u t g , For ar Thofe words whi ch are derived ro m 1 . ( ) ; f
he atin in aris are written ar at t he end thou h t L ( ) ( ) , g
the o un d u r as Au r icu lar &z bicu lar S cholar y f ( ) , , , ,
l r . f u t rd bi n B u tar d Vu a &c o C a tur d . g , f , / , f l w n n E n lif w rds of more 2 . er Mu t b ritt i h o ( ) e e g , than on e S llable an d atin derivatives which are y , L ,
1 B u t rem u n ir e hath ou r S llables an d hire P f y ; f , d d ca hir e are ou n e heer ca heer . f ; f f , f For the re t as Word of o ne S llable exce t f , s y ; p (her) an d i n the b eginn ing of Words of more than on e
5 S llable the are written u r as B u r B lu r Cu r &c y , y ( ) , , , , .
fo bu r n tu rn &c . , ,
Thefe laf Obfervati ons m u lt c onfefs are of u f t , I , e on ely t o fu ch as have fom e u n derftan din g at leaft in t he Acciden ce or Gr a m m ar : yet I was n ot willin g to 10 o mit them fu ofin this B ook m a b e of n o fmall , pp g y u fe to Y o un an d r a w ramm arians ef eci all in g G , p y reat Free - S chools where the fre u en t falfe E n lifh g , q g
diftu rb s the Mafter an d u zzles the Lad as m u ch as , p
th falfe atin H ow m u ch afe it m a ive t o b oth e L . e y g , ’ 1 5 re er t o the M after s Ju d ment : B efides thofe that I f g ,
have an fmatterin s of atin le t fo mu ch as to y g L f , diftin gu ifh a N o u n from a Verb ; an d a Pr eterperfect 44 t enfe 44 ro m a S u in e m a et recover ome b en e t [ ] [ ] f p , y y f fi
by their almoft loft Latin .
20 A fec o n d dif c u lt ou will m eet with fre u entl fi y y q y ,
is when t o write tio n wi th a t an d when t o writ e , , ( ) ; i on with an th n d of feveral words the b oth [ (f) at e e , y
f n k w m l h b in atin V r o un di g ali e. N o o t of t efe e g L e
b als c o me fro m the S u in e which if it en d i n tu m , p , s ,
25 as de cr i tu m then we write it i n En lifh de cri f p , g , f p
tion B u t if it en ds in u m then we write ion with ; f , f ,
an f as m an i on rom m a n u : fo deri ion from ( ) / , f f f der ifu ; p rovifi on from p ro vifu ; i n hefio n from i n
he u i i ll he lu e an i e f ; n c fion fro m i n cifu . A t C I c g v 30 fo r this ab ri n th is in en eral t o t ell ou That moft L y , g y ,
Words of that ou n d are writt n with tion : An d for f , e ( ) hof wr t n i n with an re er o u to the 1 t e it e (f o ) (f) , I f y h n d Table of fu ch at t e e .
A third an d laft dif cu lt whi ch ann ot well b e fi y , c o ercome withou t the hel of the ati n is when t o v , p L , , write (a ble) an d when t o write (ible) at the en d of 5
a l words of m ore than two Syll b es .
ere ou mu ft obferve that atin derivative from 45 H y , L s [ ] the Su ines of the firft C on u ation as de lor able p j g , , p , execra ble an d E n lifh Com oun ds as r emarka ble an ; g p , ; d fuch as are artl atin as di cern able avou r able e u i 10 p y L , f , f , q ta bl en d in able : B u t thole whic h are deriv d e, ( ) e from o th r C on u ation s en d in ible as docible le ible a u dible e j g , ( ) , g , ,
o i ble &c . N ow he who doth not u nderftan d atin p ff , , L , m u lt the more dili en tl obferve an d write down Al ha g y , p b etic all in a B o ok b it elt fu ch E rror as he nds C r 15 y y f , s fi o rected in o u r b a t a ro ved En lifh Au thors u n der f f pp g , ach like Head as mine in the Table at the en d of thi B k s , s s oo .
CHAP . 11 .
Of Prop er Dip hthongs .
i hthon is the ou n d of two Vowels to D p g f , gether 20 i fam llabl An two Vow l n the e Sy e. y e s therefore
46 that will m ake a erfec t o u n d do conftitu t [ ] p f , e a [46] Proper Diphthong ; b u t when on e of the Vowels is b u t ’ little ou n ded tis called an im ro er i hthon f , p p D p g . The Proper Diphthongs in E nglifh are thefe S even 25 [ , v ai in air an in la n d cc in bleed iz . ( ) f ; ( ) ; ( ) ; (en) in eu n u ch oi in void 0 0 in ood an d o n i n ; ( ) ; ( ) f ; ( ) hou fe . The m ro er i hthon are laid to be Twelve I p p D p gs , (aa) in Ifaac ; (ea) in p lea/e; (ao) i n p eop le; (ey) in
a rammati . Ekw ll , G k 3 3 4
1 they ; (ie) i n field ; (0 a) in boa t ; (c c) in toe; (na) i n gu a r dia n ; (u i) i n bu ild ; (n o) i n qu oth ; (u s) i n gu er do n ;
an d (ei) in their .
There are t wo other m ro er i hthon s i n atin I p p D p g L , n e h 5 viz . (a) an d (e) joi ed t og t er thu s (as) an d (as) which i s an (e) join ed t o the r ight fi de of the (0 ) thu s
B u t the are written with fi n le e i n En lifh as y g ( ) g ,
F ema le Tra ed . , g y
S ome alfo rec kon t en Tri h hon as c an in p t gs , , ( ) 10 bea u ty; (ieu) in li eu ; (u ai) i n acqu ai n tan ce; ( u s e) i n [47] Qu een ; [47] (u ea) i n fqu eak; ( u oi) i n qu oi t ; (aw) i n B wd ew in ew ow in r w o i n a ; ( ) fl ; ( ) th o ; ( u y) bu oy .
An d the Q u adriphthong (iew) in vi ew .
1 . t e ro er i ht on s ai an d a . SECT. Of h P p D p h g ( ) ( y)
v ai n w 1 5 Obfer e 1 . That as ( ) e ds n o E ngli fh ord ; l n d W fo a on e e s a ord as cla dra ra . ( y) y , y, y, f y
2 ai is ftron l or u ll fou n ded in brai n ra l . ( ) g y f y , f i ;
b u t otherwife m ore en tl like a in c an e g y, ( ) ;
h n i n d like a at t e e d as da a &c . a ou s ( y) , y, f y, ( ) f
2 0 more fott in a air a ir - debon ai r de air air - ; fl , y , , fp , f y,
Th r f of lik ou n d fh ld b hair r e ai r tai r . e e t e ou e , p , f f ,
writt en with a r e as da r e ar e ha re ar e hare , , f , , p , f ,
tar e 0 . f , 67
Obferve tha tho u h the i h h n ai mu ft 3 . t o ; g D p t g , ( )
2 5 b e written in t he fo llowin word et the are ou n ded g s , y y f ,
like 6 or i fhort as a ain - t Ca ta i n Cha mber ( ) ( ) ; g f , p ,
la in Cha la in Cer tain Cu r tain F ou n tain M ou n tai n , p , , , , ,
48 an d the form er ai i n 48 m ain ta in laited villa i n [ ] ( ) [ ] , p , , wai n cot b u t u dda i n mar va il an d tr avail are writ f , f , , ,
30 ten of late an d erha as well u dden tra vel m arvel . ( p ps ) , f , , f rve that ai i art d as m ft i hth n 1 4 . Ob e ( ) s p e o D p o gs are in ro er N ames as Jair L ai h an d Ad ecti ves , p p , , f , j d rived rom S u bftan ti ves - ro er as M o a -ick an d e f P p , f ; wh n m ollo ws the i as R e ha im N aim : otherwife e ( ) f ( ) p , ’ ! i hou h i t m u ft b e written et t is wholl fwallowed U ( ) t g , y y u in t he ou n d of a e en i n ro er N ame as B e p f ( ) v P p s , & n aiah Jer emiah c . , ,
E t o r i t o n S CT . 2 . he r e h h s an nd w a a . Of P p D p g , ( ) ( )
1 Obferve t o write aw as cla w aw at th en d . ( ) , p , e o f a word b no m ean an b ecau fe n either a o i H0 ; y s ( ) ; , , , n or 11 withou t an e are written at the en d of an , ( ) y
E nglifh word .
Bu t Obf rv t o writ an at h b e inn n 2 . e e e ( ) t e g i g an d i th m ddle words a u di n n e i of s a e ce lau d & . , , , c
3 S ome Words are writt n wi h n a 15 4 . e a o r a w s 9 t , , [ ]
t he Writer will as bau l dau b a u e. S ome with a u , , , , p f ( ) , o r fin le a as ca ll de a lk en ha n e han t dan t g ( ) , , f , f ; f , , , m an der an t an d erha s b etter with a fin le a be , j : p p g ( ) ,
ore l an d n : B u t when t o write a an a w c onfu lt f ( ) ( ) , , , t h Tabl n d h e es at t he e of t is B oo k.
f v 4 . Ob er e that e is alto ether ne dl f a er , ( ) g e e s ft
aw at the end of a word therefore m a b e b tter ( ) , , y e
o mitt ed.
An is ar in r m - 5 . ted ro e N a e as Archela u s ( ) p P p s , ,
- E m ma a s .
SECT. 3 . t Of he Prop er Dip hthon g ( es) .
Obf rv Tha 1 . e e t moft Words o f o n e S llabl writ , y e , t en or rinted wi h li n l e have h o n n p t g e ( ) , t e l g fo u d of t hi doub le ee and in deed fhou ld b e writ n w s ( ) , te ith 3 1‘ 1 ea ef eciall P erfons as hee hee m ee fo tree ee ( ) p y , , , f , ; , fl , V fe h l . &c. e t e owe (e)
Thi i hth n i a 2 . s o s rted in C o m ou n d Word D p g p p s, D 50 as P r o-emi n en ce 50 R e- en ter : As al o in ro er [ ] , , [ ] f P p
- - Names as B e er heba B ez a le el. 5 , f ,
t 4 . he r o r i t o u w E CT . e h h n s e an d S Of P p D p g ( ) (e ) . f v Th u i wri h 1 . Ob er e at e s tten at t e b e inn in , ( ) g g
f v r few words as E u char i t E u lo E u n u ch o e y , f , gy , ;
an d fu ch reek Words an d in ro er N ame as G , P p s ,
10 E u n ice E u hra tes E u ebiu s &c . , p , / ,
ei her is en written in the middle of man 2 . N t ( ) y
w rds exc e t ran deu r eu d n eu ter leu ri ie n eu o ; p g , f , , p f , p bar b r heu mati m an d o th r r k o d a l r heu e ee W r . m atic , , f ; G s
n n ever en ds a Word in En lifh exce 3 . (e ) g , pt
1 5 adi eu an d li eu .
The ou n d ea or 11 lon at the en d of word 4 . f ( ) ( ) g s, is written with (ew) or (ne) z fee the Table at th e en d ;
and fou n ds (iw) . B u t
lon is written enerall in the b e inn n 5 . u ( ) g , g y g i g
20 n d middle of w ords as u - wit u -n eral dimi u a , y, f , n
tion &c . ,
6 n is art ed in fome C om ou nd Word a 5 1 . e s [ ] ( ) p p s , , -u n i on R e-u n i te an d in ro er N ame as B ar R e , ; P p s ,
- - im e a s Z acke u s . t ,
i t o i the r o er h h n s o an d o . 2 5 T 5 . SEC . Of P p D p g ( ) ( y) Tho u gh fome make a diftinc tion i n the fou n d of
i an d o as if the latter were en erall ou n ded (o ) ( y) , g y f d et the differen ce b ein lo ver little that b roa er ; y g y , I n dif in c i h h c onfider them b ut as o e t t D p t ong. Th oi is n ver writt en at the n d 1 bf rve 1 . at e e O e , ( ) of an E n lifh w ord b u t o as bo co o u r y g , ( y) y, y, j y, p voyer .
2 . oi ou n d i lon in a n oi n t boil oi n tu r e ( ) f s ( ) g , , , j ,
1 i 0 moi l m oi t oi l oi n tm en t oin t oi on to l coin . , / , , , p , p / , , V e i hoi e 3 . o ls ar ou n ded in R o ce Both we e f j , f ;
r oiz e or r oi e avoid voice u oit m oiet coi . f , f f ; , , q , y, f
Thi h h n t d in do -in o -i n 4 . i t o is ar e s D p g p , g , g g,
tc -ick cc -i tiou cc -in ciden t hero -ick an d in ro er f , , ; ; P p
N ames as 52 L o -is To -i Z abo - i m B u t n ot in 10 D 2 52 , , [ ] , , ; [ ] others as Jehoiada Tro where the i hthon oi , , y , D p g ( ) i and ( oy) keep their fu ll dift n c t foun d.
6 . S ECT. Of the Prop er Dip hthong (oo)
Obf Tha 0 i n v written in the b in erve 1 . t 0 s er e , ( ) e g n in or en d of a S llable exce t too an d Cu ckoo 15 g y , p ; which is c omm l w on y ritten Cu ckow.
2 . oo fou nds like u fhort in ood ood ood ( ) ( ) , f , fl , g , hood oot tood wood wool. , f , f , ,
3 . 0 0 is full o u nded in B room Choc e. ( ) y f , /
4 Thi i hth is ar in C m ou n d Words 2 . on ted o 0 s D p g p p , as in Cc -o era te Cc -ordi n a te an d in ro er N am es , p , ; P p , a in B o -oz - s Cc oz . ,
5 . The fingle (o) fometimes has the fou n d o f as w m b m o v h V w o e : fee t l o . , e o e ( )
S CT E . 7 . t 2 Of he Prop er Dip hthong (ou ) or (o w) . 5 [53]
1 . Obferve That u a v , (o ) m ft ne er b e written at the en d of an E n lifh word exc e t tho u an d ou y g , p y ; b u t ow mu ft b e writt n at th nd lw f ( ) e e e a ays o r (ou ) . d o w ke he l u d b l 2 . on an e t ir fu l o n in ow ( ) ( ) p f , ,
cou lter lou t ou t rou t hou e m ou lter ou ltice , f , g , g , f , , p ,
ou ltr ou t ou r ou t rou t hou lder ho u t tou t : p y , p , , , ; f , f , f M ou ld or T e in which t hi n s are C aft diftin ct , yp , g ;
5 rom llf old or arth that is b rit tle o r eafi e t o f , E , ,
m bl : lo b w th l c ru e o how n ow &c . fee e Tab e at , , ,
the en d.
n m 3 . (o n) fou ds (u ) fhort ; In Words of ore
than o n e S llable en din i n ou r as er rou r a vou r y , g ( ) , , f , 10 w ds of more hu m ou r &c . exc e t devou r . In or , p
than o n e S llable en din in ou s as ra cio u s r e y , g ( ) , g , p
cion s B u t words of on e S llable are w ri ten with fs ; y t ( ) , t o n d as bru s ru s exc e t thu s an d u s . 3 o n u f , f ; p ( ) ( ) f s
54 like u fhar in blon d lou d ad ou rn 54 a ttou rn e [ ] ( ) p , , f , j , [ ] y, 15 ou rn et co u r teou s cou r te i e ou r n e ou rn a l ou l g , , f , j y , j , g y,
cou r e o ou r n tou ch ou n as if 0 were w oll f g , f j , , y g , ( ) h y
filen t : An d in dou ble dou z en cou r a e con i n cou le , , g , f , p ,
lou ri h n ou ri h tr ou ble as if the followi C on f f , f , ; ng
f n w d u l d on a t ere o b e .
4 . o n ou n ds c c in cou ld ho u ld wou ld . ( ) f ( ) , f ,
th . 5 . c u ou nds 11 lon r n in ou ou r ou ( ) f ( ) g o (e ) y , y , y
d b r a lik r di ou r e 6. on ou n o d e 0 a i n cou e c ( ) f s ( ) f , f f ,
lik l n fou r th; e (0 ) o g i n fo u r ; as if written for e.
d fh h u 7 . on ou n s o ort i n or t as if t e ( ) f ( ) f y , ( )
2 5 were ilen t an d if it were written witho u t u erha s f ; ( ) , p p
w r F r w e fhou l mi a m u ch as c on it ere b ett e . o d o t s
venientl we ma al l fu erfl u ou s ette s ef eciall y y , p L r , p y
where the deriv ation is n ot m u ch impaired .
h n w bf u re 8 . The Dip tho g (o ) fou n ds or (u ) o c 30 at the en d of Words of two S llables as arrow y , ,
3 . ea for e bort fe th abl h d ( ) ( ) f ; e e T e at t e en .
f l n 4 . a i n be r e or a o a w ar t ar wear . ( ) ( ) g , , f e , e , 5 for a fh i . ea ort n earken hear th hear t ( ) ( ) , H , , ;
an d its C om ou n d as hear t di hear ten hear til p s , y , f , y , 5
- - 6. Thi i hthon is arted in aere a l be atitu de s D p g p , ,
57 er e- a te an d its 57 c om ou n d er e- a tion r ecr e-a ti on [ ] ; [ ] p s , , ,
r e- a lit the-a tr e en e-alo oce- an a e-an t er e y , , g gy , , p g , f g an t ven e-an ce : An d in all ro er Name ea is , g P p s , ( )
- - - 10 art ed as i be ah Ce a r ea E le az er &c . p , G , f , , 7 Obf rv n r ll o f u d b e . e e ge e a y t writ e (ea) i the fo n
drawn ou t lon as in bea t ea t bu t if b ort with g , f , f f ; f a l in l in b e e as e t che t . g ( ) , f , f
E . t i t on a . S CT 2 . Of he D p h h g (o ) Obfer ve ,
1 . That oa ou n ds o drawn o u t lon as B oar ( ) f ( ) g , , m wri hi C hoak; fee the Table u n der (oa) . B u t fo e te t s
foun d with o ti n le in the middle and e at the ( ) g , ( ) en d either wa will do b u t os is m oft C u ftomar ; y , ( ) y ; 2 0 thou gh perhaps the other m ay be b eft ; u nlefs some time Coal t o b u rn to diftin u ifh it rom Cole a Mans s , g f N ame : b u t B oa t B r oach Coach Coa t I n cr oach / , , , f , ,
H oar n e s L oath ome a th oach R e r oach R oach / f , f ; O , P , p , , 5 a w D n d Oa ts fcem b eft ritten wi th (oa) .
5 25 h n f ai i n th 8 2 . 0 a b ath t e articu lar fou d o e [ ] , p ( ) f Word oal or P ri on for Jail. G , ’ n d br ad lik aw in broad abroad 3 . Tis fou de o e , ( ) , , r g oat .
in om ou n d ord as Cc 4 . 0 a is arted C W , p p s , 30 action Cc - ad u tor Cc -a lition Cc -arcta tion E xtra j , , , ordin ar In cho -ate And in ro er N ames as B o 1 y , ; P p , J - a b R ehob - an er es o o am . g , ,
bf rv n en er l w 5. O e e i g a t o rite (oa) when the fou n d is drawn ou t lon as in Coa t : and o fin le if the g , f , ( ) g , o fh u n d he ort as in Co t . 5 f , f
SE . t t 3 e i h ho n i n d . CT. Of h D p gs (e ) a (ey)
Obferve ,
1 . That ei ou n d ai or a lon in dei n ei n ( ) f s ( ) , ( ) g , g , f g , i n vei h wei h lr ei ht vein wei ht an d hei ht g , g , f g , , g ; g , ’ ou n ded b ome i lon as if hi ht b u t tis written f y f ( ) g , g ; hei ht or i g he ghth.
2 . ai o un d e lon the i b ein ilent o r ( ) f s ( ) g ; ( ) g f , rather chan ed in to e as if ee in con de er g ( ) , ( ) , , p , r ecei ve con decei t b u t R ecei t with a muft b e ; , ; p (p) written tho u h the can 59 not b e ou n ded : I n vei le 15 59 , g (p) [ ] f g , [ ] lebeia n ei e or eiz e b u t 11 lon in lieu adi eu P ; f f f ; ( ) g , ,
i f in A h i t At m or 3 . ei ou n ds hort t e hei ( ) f ( ) f , f , f
ei t u r eit an d oth r word en din in eit as f , f f ; e s , g f ,
- 5 . ei are arted in ro er N ame as S e ir : alfo ( ) p P p s , in D e- i t N olle- it Velle-i t an d in c om oun d y ; y , y , p words as R e-i ter a te an d howbe-i t b ein three word , ; , g s
o n ed t th r j y oge e . Likewife o bferve that e oun d , ( y) f s b u r u r 1 . a o r a lon in con ve o e ve ( y) ( ) g y , y , p y , f
ve a r e or f oil the tr e whe a we of Cheefe . y ; p y p ; y , y , y ; y n Ke All a r l : f e 2 . e o n d e lon i e e e ( y) f u s ( ) g y ; y , B y the reft u n der the Vowel (e) .
d i lon in E e E es . 3 . o u n s (ey) f ( ) g y , y 1 N ot e That e ou n d n ot at th e end of Words , ( ) f s ,
th refor is added t o m ake an oth r llable as e e (y) e Sy ,
hon e hon e m on e m on e . , y , , y
CT 4 . t i t i he h hon . S E . Of D p g ( e)
5 bf rv O e e,
6 1 That ie ou n d e or 60 lon in Achieve 0 . e e [ ] ( ) f s ( ) ( ) [ ] g , ; B ier t o c arr C or s on believe br i e ca hier cu ra y p ; , f, f ,
ier chie eld ron ti er ri e - vows van ce m u litier f , f, fi , f , g f , ; ,
r i e t r eli eve r elie i n ter er r am i er ie e hi eld p f , , f, fi , p , f g , f , 10 i i d thie w eld el . f, , y
ie f u n d e fh rt in r eld r ha n r 2 . o s o e ce a e dke ( ) ( ) fi , fi f ,
chie o r cher as c omm o n l fou n ded bu t writt en f, , y ,
chi e i e er i eu ten an t with cv or c an d fo u n ded f, L g , L , ( f)
L evten a n t or L e ten an t b u t mu ft b e writt en Him f ; , ( ) 15 F ri en d S an iel feem t o b e ou n ded i or e fhort , p , f ( ) ( ) ,
whi wil b l w i t n w h i n ch ou l u t mu t b e r t e it a d e . y , ( ) ( )
3 . Obferve That i n all Words of on e S llable , y ,
t he ame fou n d is ex reft or written with c c as n eed f p ( ) , ,
eet an d n ot b an e at the en d exce t B ede M ede f ; y ( ) ; p , , 20 m ete o r m eafu r e; B ecau fe (e) at the en d len gthens all
owels b u t it felf exc e t thofe u nder ea fo u n din V , p ( ) g
l n : f h o g ee t e Table.
B u t for the molt art in words of m ore than on e p , S llable e at the n d draws the ore oin e lon y , ( ) e f g g ( ) g, 61 25 i 1 - d as n ter 6 cede &c . b u t be eech di creet r ocee [ ] [ ] , f , f , p , u d we t n n d ccee e e . A f , f ,
hi h m as 4 . T s i thon is arted i ro er N a e D p g p n P p s ,
E li -ez er : An d in Am bi -en t Ac u i -e ce Au di-en ce Ali , q f , ,
en a te B r i - er B i -en n i - al Cli - en t Cr i - er Con tr ar i , , , , ,
30 et D i -er F ri -er D i — et P i-et u i— cl S o bri -et y , , , , y , q , y, - - w h u rn d i 1 Vari et Va ri e a ted. S o hen t e is t e n to y , g (y)
i an d the en din s ed eth an d or b e added then i ( ) , g , , ( ) an d e are arted dri -cd e i -cd r eli -cd ti -cd tri -e t ( ) p , , fp , , , f , ’ - fe wh n i dd is mi hti er . Likewi e s s a ed t o t g , ( ) (y) , fometimes t u rn ed into is as E ies G i es Ties an d ( ) , , , , then the (ie) fo u n ds (i) lon g ; b u t in Words of more than one S llable ies fou nd fhorter as L iber ties y ( ) , ,
Prop er ties .
SE . 5 the i hthon cc . CT . Of D p g ( ) Obferve ,
h l n le T t c c u n or o i eo . 1 . a ( ) fo ds (ea) (e) g n p p
It ou n ds fh rt in F eo ee Jeo ar d L eo 2 . o e f ( ) fi , p y ,
ar d Yeoman . p , 3 eo o u n d fhort u in u n 62 eon i eo n 62 . ( ) f s ( ) D [ ]g , P g , [ ] 15 S tu r eon S u r eon . g , g Ill eteor 4 . co ou n ds or e in ideou s ( ) f (y) (y ) H , ,
S cu tcheon .
- - ° 5 . s o is art ed in ro er N am e as B e or P e or ( ) p P p s , ,
- - - And in The ocr a c The olo The c r . y , gy , y
i . . t on u SECT. 6 Of he Dip hth g ( ) Obferve ,
1 . That u i is u t for i fhort in B u ild Circu i t ( ) p ( ) , ,
Con du it u ild u ilt Ver u ic e . , G , G y , j 2 i . u is u t for i lon in u ide u ile u i e ( ) p ( ) g , G , G , G / fo be i di u i u le e. g , fg f
3 . u i is u t for u lon in br u i t ru it u i ce ( ) p ( ) g , f , j ,
- r ecru i t u i ta ble. Th i i a n m a b b ett r , f e ( ) in N u f ee y e e
le t ou t. We write S u iter a Woer : b u t S u tu re a f , ,
S eam . - - l 4 . This Di hthon is arted in Ambi u i t An n u p g p g y , i t A i -du -i t Ca u -i t Con ti - u - i t F r u -i ti - on y , ff y , f f , g y , , en u -in e Gra tu -i t i tu -i tou s P er etu -i t P er G , y ; P , p y , icu - i t P u - i a n t R u - i n T u-i tion Ten u -i t fp y , ff , . , y, 5
63 SE CT 7 . the r t t [ ] . Of ef of he Imp r op er
Obferve 1 . That ia i s en erall art ed xc e t , ( ) g y p , E p ,
1 . when i is ilen t as in Carr i a e M arr ia e P ar ( ) f , g , g , 0 1 liamen t &c . 2 . Wh n ia ou n ds a as in r , e ( ) f (y ) Co i f h n elian B en n i a l as i t e i were or e. , ; ( ) (y) y
Obferve 2 . That io ou n ds ( u b efore n as , ( ) f y ) ( ) , B u li i f n in l on fo F a h on N ation as if hu r zh . ; f , , o u n
B u t io is arted in P i -on cer P i-on P i-ou s ( ) p , y , ,
1 5 - - - - - P ri ori t I n vi o la ble Vi olen ce I/ i on . y , , ,
Obferve 3 . That na fou n ds a fhor t in , ( ) ( ) , gu a r d ; the ( 11) b ei ng very n eedlefs : (na) fou n ds
wa in an u a e in u a l. 3 . In atin erivati ve ( ) L g g , L g L D s , an d after u is u t for w as di - er - u ade (q) ( ) p ( ) , f p f ; ’ 2 - 0 u ick u a u een u iet &c . In o thers w e write q q fi, Q , q ,
I ' wa e w r t & w n ot 11 after as u a er a h c . ( ) , ( ) ( ) f gg , f g , f y ,
4 na i s arted i n e tu -a l r adu —d l ha bi tu -al . ec ( ) p fi , g , ,
64 in i n u - a te m an u -a l u r u -a n t 64 r i tu -a l an ctu [ ] f , , p f , [ ] , f a r en a -d l e tu - a i n t u u - d l bu t victu -a ls y , f f , f p g , f ; ,
- 25 i r u d vi t s an d vi tler . v ctu a lle , fo n tle
Wh n t o write u e an d when ew Obferve 4 . e , ( ) , ( ) ,
at the en d of words ; fee the Table. u e is art ed i n ro er N am e as E u hu -as ( ) p P p s , p ; an d in Oru -elt Oru -cl Gr u -el P u -et S u -et D e y , , , , , 8 . the i hthon s as and m . 1 SECT. Of D p g ( ) ( )
To thefe m a b e added the two atin Di thon s y L p g , d ri ved fr m th eks vi z as an d e o e re . G , ( ) [ E] ou n ds lon in E neas an d fhort in E t na , f g , , , an d M lm a b is art ed in A-er al M i c - l 5 ichae s : u t e ha c . f p , C e ou nd lon in hoen ix Oecon o m fhort in , f s g P , y ;
0 6 i s art ed in E u bo-ea Alo -es P o-atr P o-em , p , , y , ,
P ro-em : an d in atin C om o u n d as Cc - etern al Cc L p s , , ta n ou s - - - e e Cc e en tia l Cc e u a l Cc exi ten t . , ff , q , f B u t oe at the end of E n lifh word ou nd 0 ( ) g s , f ( ) lon as doe oe r oe lee-tr ee toe an d a cr oe of g , , f , , f , ; ron 65 b u t hoe an d woe t o c ou rt an d u it ou n d 65 I ; [ ] f , f , f [ ] hooe an d wooe bu t are written with li n le o an d f , g ( ) e at th 15 ( ) e en d.
IV. CHAP.
Of the Qu iefcen t or S ilen t Vowels .
Hou h thefe are b u t little or n othin ou n ded g g f ,
et the mu ft b e written i ord at l aft t o y y n W s , e keep u p the C u ftom an d Orn ament of the E nglifh 20
Ton u g e.
SE T. 1 . S ilen t a Obferve C . Of ( ) , That a is feldom ou nded when ea or oa ( ) f , ( ) ( ) c ome t o ether i n the ame S llable as B ea t Hea t G oa t g f y , , f , , h in 2 r oan &c . w ere a doth on el draw ou t the ormer 5 G , ( ) y f
Vo wel t o make the S llable lon like e in the en d : y g , ( ) E xce t In a few words where a fou nds lon p , ( ) , g, an d the e is alto ether ilent as bear wea r tear ( ) g f , , f , , 1 66 2 hear th hear t an d its Com u n ds wear . o [ ] ( ) , ; p , wher th is il nt an d the a o u nd fhort or e e (e) f e , ( ) f s
fharp .
A is ilent in Thou an d as alfo d n al as if ( ) f / , ( ) fi ,
5 written Thou z n .
(A) fo u n ds (e) long in James : an d (e) fhort in
car f ce.
f r v S ECT. 2 . 6 S ilen t . Ob e e Of ( ) , ’
1 . That e Silen t mu ft re u en tl b e written tho ( ) , f q y ( 10 feldom or n ever fo u n ded) in the en d of a Word for h w t ele follo ing R eafon s .
The firft an d chiefeft is To draw the S llable , y lon g ; An d ( 1) To fhew the len gthn in g of the foregoi ng
Vo wel whi ch elfe wou ld b e f hor t whereb the an fe ; , y f
15 of the word is alfo alt ered as m ad m ade m an , , ; ,
man e dam da m e dot dote tu n tu n e : which i s ; , ; , ; ,
fometimes retained in the middle of a deri vati ve or
c o m o u n d word as a et or eca t h0 ele s n am e p , f f y , f f , p f ,
lo s alea ble o r when s i s added t o the end of f , f ; ( ) 20 Words with an e as akes babes bon es ba tes a es ( ) , , , , , g p ,
67 trades : fo 67 after i o u as ba bies du ti es does du es . [ ] [ ] , , , , , ,
l n f l k fh 11 when 2 . e n al is i e t or ob c ur i e ort ( ) fi f e , ( )
it mu ft b e written after 1 or r as in li ttle lu tr e ( ) ( ) , f , lu cr e which are o u n ded as if written littel lu tu r , f , , f , ’ lu cu r : Which e ma t n o t b l ft ou t tho the feem ( ) f e e , y
2 5 t o make b u t o n e fou n d as in B ible hu mble tran le , , , f g ;
b e au fe th are r ad t o mak t wo S llable as i n c e , e e y y y s ,
B ibles hu m bles tra n les Whic h c ann ot be withou t , , f g ; an ex refs Vo wel as N obles Acr es from N oble Acr e p , , ; , ; whi h c ou ld n ot b e from N obl Aer . c ,
1 omitted when the en d fhort S llables as led , y y , , p g, ’ u d bad rid dod u nlefs ou l fa that e n al j g , y , g, y; y y ( ) fi is more read to m ake two S llabl e as bad es led es y y s , g , p g , r id s d d s s e o e u d e . g , g , j g 5 Likewife 0 withou t e after it is o u n ded hard ( ) ( ) , f like (k) ; b u t b efore (e) final (0 ) fou n ds foft or fl at like
I to diftin u ifh r ac rom r ace lie lice tr u e tru ce ( ) g f ; , ; , , A e foften s the ou n d of i - f &c . s ( ) f (c) in f ce dewee s o k is u t after 0 at the en d of a Word fou n din har d ( ) p ( ) , g , 10 as S ick u ck. , D
ilen a t r th is oun d d brea t lik e t e e he e dhac . ( ) f f ( ) , f , ’ ’ Alfo after as love dove tho tis n eedlefs in (v) , ;
fu ch b ecau fe the Character of the v with a fhar , ( ) p
b ottom fho uld diftin u ifh it rom the Vo wel as do v , g f ; ,
15 n t 7 iftin ifh i r - o do n e liv n ot 0 lin e to d u t om a live. ; , [ ] , g f An d on the C ontrar we fhou ld b n o m ean y , y s
write v for u E vn u ch for E u n u ch as it is m oft ( ) ( ) ; , l n u fu al y and ign oran tly pron ou c ed . After w e nal ma b e added b u t on el for ( ) ( ) fi y , y 20 diftin cti on fake ; as a bowe from t o bo w or ben d; a
w from o m we : a S ow or fh e S win e rom m o t o e , f d [ owe S ee .
fi l nt is inferted in Tu e da that it mi ht S o (9 ) e / y, g
n ot b e pron ou n ced Tu fday fhort . 2 5 The firlt e in S cr iven er an d the la t e with d ( ) , f ( ) ( ) n Wen da are i len t in Wedn e da as if writt e . f f y, / y l i ft n u n n eceffaril added on el 3 . e i ent s o e ( ) f , y , y for C u ftom or Orn amen t fake ; When a Word en d
th in i 0 or u as m ercie oe tr u e bu t not a ter e , , , , f , ; f
30 as Cha ri t After dou bled onfonants as if (y) , y ; C , , , f cha e mm u mmo n u ou n e rr ta rre fs tr e a s . fi ; , f ; , f ; , f ; , fp f R l i n alwa s bferved i n b ort 1 Bu t this u e s ot y o , f
S llables to dou ble the en din mu c h lefs to add y , g , 6 at the 7 1 en d of a dou ble C onfon ant when a 7 1 ( ) [ ] , [ ] li n gle C o nfo nant will do fu ll as well ; E xc ept where the fhort Syllable en ds in (l) in words of on e Syl 5 lable the l m a t alwa s b e dou bled bu t n ever i n , ( ) f y , lon S llables with a i hthon n or in word of g y D p g , s m r than on e S llable whic h are alwa s written o e y , y wi h a fin le l at the en d n or in fhort S llables t g ( ) , y her C nfo n an t llo ws as A nd as H0 when an ot o fo fhalt . for at the en d af er a dou ble C o nfon an t eein it (e) , t , f g n either makes the S llable lon n or altereth the o u n d y g , f , it c an be of n o u fe b u t is added m eerl for C uftom , y
ake or erha s o me will fa fo r B eau t or rn a f ; p p f y , y O men t fake ; b u t R eafon or N ecefli ty there is n on e fo r 1 5
l lf u r afon a l add d V it . e i en t is a o n e b e t o erb ( ) f y s, b e ore the termin ation in as cr avei n h0 ei n f , ( g) , g , p g, lovei n u ei n r e tor ei n em bracein wher in n o g , f g , f g , g , e thing b u t the fau lt in ou r Obfolet e C u ftom an d way
o f Writi n makes e n eceffar . Aft r fi n al fhor 2 0 g , ( ) y e t
S llables as r i n e el e om e come 7 2 do me ex 7 2 y , f , f f , f , , [ ] , [ ] a min e r e i te b etter withou t e b u t C u ftom in oo , fp , ( ) , t man thin s r ail a v af y g p ev s b o e R e on .
E 3 S T. C . S il n t i Of e ( ) .
1 . i Is il en t or obfc u re in B a i n Carri a e 2 5 ( ) f f , g ,
Con in M a rri a e S u btil a r lia men t R a i in Ven i f , g , , P , f , n fon ; b u t ot in M edici n a l .
2 . i Is n o t ou n ded when i e ai or ci ha en i n ( ) f , , , , pp the ame S llable as in S hield P lai ter thei r n f y , , f , ; or i n
a ramma i Ekw ll G t k . 1 i ou n d d obfcu re like e in f v 3 . ( ) Is f e ( ) e eral Syl labl es in Word of m an S llable as the firft , ( s y y s , ) ’ (i) in divide; b oth (i s) in dividen d an d in m edi
cin a l , &c .
5 4 . i is ilen t or obfc u re b efore er an d is ( ) f , , ( ) fou n ded (ye) an d the Syllable pron ou nced (yu r) as Car
ri er F ar rier as if written Ca r u r F a r u r . , , y , y
i s il n t o r obfcu r b e or on d 5 . I e e e an hath ( ) f , f ( )
the ou n d of e an d the S llable ron ou n c ed u n f (y ) , y p (y ) , 1 i a if writ n 73 0 as 7 3 Comm u n on s te Co mm u n u n . [ ] [ ] , y i f ft hath the fou n d of s 0 . a er e a u e tio n ( ) t ( ) (y ) , q f ,
f er u in on iard as if writt en n r an d a t o a d. ( ) p , p y V 7 . i after 0 f an d t when an other owel fo l ( ) , , ,
lo ws n ext after the i is fo ob fcu re that it makes ( ) ,
15 o n el the fou n d o f fh or z h as in An cien t a ti en t y ( ) ( ) , , P ,
Vi tia te Tr a n i en t an d in all words en din in tion , / ; g ( ) or ion the i is u ite fwallowed u in the o an d (f ) , ( ) q p ( ) , the o fou nded o bfc u r like fhort u an d f he S l ( ) e ( ) , o t y
lable is ron ou n c ed hu n or z hu n as F a hion Cu hion p f , f , f ,
2 0 fo N a tion P rovi i on . , f
S ilen t . s r 4 . o o s o . r ( )
il t in B a on B e kon B l z 1 . 0 Is en c c a on B u t , f , , ,
ton Ca on Co tton Cr im on F a lcon -er lu tton , p , , / , , G , M a on M u tton ar don a r on er on P ri on f , , P , P / , P / , f ,
2 5 R ea o n R eckon S ea on Wea on an d are ou n ded f , , / , p ; f , as if they were b u t on e Syllable ; B u t in (B a -ran ) are
E t wo diftin c t Syllables .
74 2 0 Is ilen t fometimes when s o an d fom etimes [ ] . , f , ( ) , when o n meet t o ether in the fame S llable as in ( ) g y , 30 eo le eo ard eom a n blou d lou d an d all A d p p , j p y , y , , f , 5 1
ectives en din in ou s as raci ou s r eciou s an d i n 1 j , g ( ) , g , p ; oa l for Jail an d in Wor ds of more than one S l G , y lable en din in ou r 0 fi lent mu ft be writt n thou h , g ( ) , ( ) e , g t he are ou n ded u r as witho u f y f ( ) t o Ar bou r , L a
bou r S aviou r n or o in D am o el. , ; ( ) f
5 S T. S i e t EC . u Of l n ( ) .
1 . Is ilen t man times when u a u e u i or U , f , y , , , u meet in the ame S llable as in con du i t circu i t y f y , , , , bu i ld u a rd u e t u ide bu an d a ter in the , g , g f , g , y ; f (g) fame S llable as in la u e lea u e dia lo u e E c t 1 y , p g , g , g ; x ep 0 in Ton u e where the u as it were b Tran f o fition g , ( ) y p , is fou n ded in ftead of the o Like wif u is a w ( ) . e ( ) l ays w i n af e v r tte r bu t n e er o u nded. t (q) , f
Ob er ve That C u fto m hath revailed a ain f f , p g t R eafo n fo r the writing of fome Vowels n ot pron o u nc ed i n 15
7 5 divers words A s a is written in B oar B oa t b u t 7 5 [ ] ; ( ) , ; [ ] n ot i n oor ote althou h the fo u n d b e the am D , D , g f e in b oth The di ferent writin of fu c h words m uft b ; f g , e w kno n by fpecial Obfervation . An d b e fure n ot t o fo rget to accu ftom y ou r felf t o pron ou nce Words dif 20 t inctl S llable b S llable for as o u u f y , y y y ; y e t o fou n d t hem fo t he will fettle in o u r M m or , y y e y ; b u t for fu c h
Words as are n ot ou n ded as the are written ou f y , y mu lt kee a lan k a er - B ook an d write fuch p B P p , Words down in it methodicall u n der fu c h heads as ou fin d 2 5 y , , y i n m Table at the en d of this Bo ok : whereb i n a y s y , fhort time wi h dili en t c are ou will oo l , t g , y f n earn to write E n lifh c om eten tl t ru e at leaft ree rom h g p y ; , f f t ofe grofs Abfu rditi es y ou daily m eet with in ign orant fhamefu l Writings ; H ow c ommen dable and praife 30 4 k3 1 worth this will be in fu ch as are i n o ran t of atin y, g L , t o em u late fu ch who b n e lecti n their atin er y g g L , p [76] haps c ome fhort of fome m eer En glifh S cholars [7 6] in writin g t ru e Englifh : H ow Commen dable this ftriving
5 will b e lea e t o ou r felv es t o u d e : The leafu re , I v y j g p
will dou btlefs c o un ter vail the ain ou are at ab ou t it p s y , d n l r om n l and ab u n a t y ec pe c e y ou r tro u b e.
R ememb rin alfo that tru e E n lifh will r ecom g , g men d eu ordin ary Han d ; better far than a c u riou s
10 han d with a arent ofs falfa E n lifh for the o n e , pp gr g ; m a a ear c omm en dabl b efore the reat eft when the y pp y g , bl u fh b e n b r n f h other es t o fee efo e the mea e t S c olar.
V C HAP. .
Of Qu iefcen t or S i len t Con fon an ts .
’ M u f b e written thou h ti n f un ded 1 . B t s ot o ( ) , g
in Ambs - Ace Cli m b Com b Cocks - Co mb Cr u m b , , , , ,
u mb a m b imb Thu mb Tomb Wom b u n lefs D , L , L , , , ;
l immediatel follows as it doth in am ble bram ble ( e) y , , ,
7 7 hu mble 7 7 ru m ble u m ble tr em ble thim ble tu m [ ] , [ ] g , f , , , 20 br el cr u mble cram ble tu m ble m u m ble hu mbles , , f , , , f ,
bu m ble r u m ble n im ble warn ble tim br el . N or is b , , , , ( )
ro n ou n c ed i n debt dou bt - u l - n e s - i n n or in u btil p , f f g ; f ,
hi h b n otwithftandin mu lt b e writt en in &c . W c ( ) g ,
fo me Words n el for C u ftom s ake as i n u m b ; O y f , D ,
2 5 Lam b Cru m b &c . In o thers t o difco ver their , , ,
o ri in al deri ation as debt from debitu m the a in g v , , L t
word dou bt ro m du biu s : u btile ro m u btilis . , , f f f f Thou h c m u ft b e written it an n ot b e fou n ded 2 . c g ( ) ,
i n I n di ct -ed -m en t n or in Verdict an d thou h it is , ; g u fuall written b efore k b etween the vowel an d k 1 y ( ) , ( ) (in fb ort fyllables) it c ann ot b e fou n ded ; It ferv es o n ely to harden the fou n d of (k) ; n either is (c) fou n ded after
8 i ter n n S ce S ce e. ( ) p ,
d i n d i a n dm aid 5 3 . d Is n ot ou n ed in F r e h ( ) f / p , H , W edn efday .
f w w s tho u h it 4 . (g) M u t b e ritten (in thefe ord ) g i s n ot fou n ded Be o re m or n i n the ame f llab le ; f , , f y , as 7 8 le m r ei n i n dai n : The laft for C u ft om E 3 78 [ ] f g , g , f g , g [ ]
ake th othe hr e t o d n t their erivation an d 10 f , e r t e e o e D ; thereby s afier t o b e changed i nto differen t Pron u n cia
ion when m o re S llables are added as e m a ti ck t ; y , fl g ,
i n all r in N r an well b e fo u n ded ei n &c . o c f g y, g g , (g) in w na n a h n at . g , g f , g
5 . h Which ltrictl an d ro erl is n o etter 15 ( ) y p p y L , b u t a N ote of Afpiration ; is n ot fo u n ded in thefe 6 f C a es .
1 . When chr ch r h or h b e in a f llable , f , , g , g y , as Chr i le on c S cholar R hetori c/c Gho t &c . , , , , f ,
2 . N or when h o r rh en d a f llable as i n lou h 20 g y , p g , m rrh &c y , .
3 . N or at the en d of ro er N ames as har oah P p , P , S hi lo ah &c . ,
4 . N o r wh n ch n e ou d like k as in Choler &c . ( ) f s ( ) ,
5 r wh 2 . N o en (h) c omes before (11) i n the fame 5 f llabl as John e c ontracted from Joha n n es &c . y , , ,
6. N or fo metim es n ext after t as Au tlwri t ( ) , , y, Tho mas an d the rb T ; He hyme.
6 k a . ( ) C nn ot well b e fo u nded in [7 9] fu ch Words [7 9] as b e in with kn as kn i e k 30 no t kn ow &c . g ( ) , f , , , 1 7 . Thou h 11 c an n ot b e ron ou n ced aft er m et g ( ) p ( ) , y
i n o me words it mu ft n ot b e omitted to difcov r the f , e
deri vation That if an S llab le b added the w ords , y y s e ,
m a b e writt en tru e as S olemn S olem n i t Con temn y , , y ; , !
0 Con tem n ed . Th f w i 8 . ou h is ilen t it m u ft b e ritten n Con g (p) ,
tem t P a lm R ecei t R edem tion S u m tu ou s for p , f , p , p , p , the derivation ake and in S im on Thom on V f ; p f , p f , p
bra id for C u ftom l ake . ,
Th h f ll o 9 . o u is n ot at a un ded in I la I la n d g ( ) f f , f , i u n u f e nf i V fco t ; It m t b I cr bed.
l il n i n r n a l 10 . is e t n Almo d Ca l C hald o C h k ( ) f , f, , ,
a l alm F a lcon er JlIalki n u alm P a lm S a l H f, H , , , Q , f ,
m on S a lve S ha lm S ta lk Wa lk Ta lk. , , , , ,
l n f w n th h n un d d 1 1 . w Si e t m u t b e ritte o u ot o e ( ) , , g f , in An wer two n ei her c an it b e well fou n ded b efore f , ; t
h a b efor r as wran le s who whole whom &c . n or e ( ) , , , , ( ) , g ;
E 4 fee the Table u n der (wr ) .
80 Likewife w i s en erall fi len t a ter an d i s [ ] , ( ) g y f 20 added on el for Fafhion fake as widow wallow E x y , , , ;
c e t when it o u n ds ou as bow cow how n ow low p f ( ) , , , , p , w vow a ll w n &c o o a ce . f , , ,
h n w n 1 2 . C a n ot ell b e o u n ded i an word et (g ) f y , y m u ft b e written in feveral ; fee the Table u n der (gh) :
25 o nel i n fome few o u n d f as Cou h la u h hou h y , f s ( ) , g , g , g ,
tou h r ou h trou h dr a u ht an d en ou h den otin g , g , g , g , g , g Qu an tity t o diftin gu ifh it from (en ou gh) apply ed t o n umb er whic h is ron ou n ced and erha s wo uld b e ; p , p p b etter writt en en ow : As Y ou th (n ow adays) have n ot 30 wit en ou h t o R u le themfel ves n or Man n ers en ow t o g , b e Ruled b others y .
56
1 m a s ba s tr e a s an d exce t where s b eween t wo f , f , fp / , p ( )
Vo wels fo u n d (z) .
d n f R u le 3 . Words ou n i ice at the en d m u t b e f g ( ) ,
written with Exc e t con ci e P a radi e r eci e p f , f , p f ,
5 r o mi e : Bu t in f hort S llables a dou ble fs as bli s p f y , ( ) , f ,
a di - r e-mi s an d M is M i tri s an d exc e t s , f f ; , f f ; p ( )
fou ndi n g (z) .
83 R u le 4 . Words ou n din u ce at the end mu ft [ ] f g ( ) , b e written with c as de-r e- e tr a -du ce B u t tr u s ( ) f , ; f ,
10 u e a b tr u e r eclu e r o u e an d s for z . f , f f , f , p f f ; ( ) ( )
w i e a th nd x R u le 5 . We n e er r te ec t e e e ce t v ( ) , p
F leece r eece iece b u t e e ca e ca e an d e s as , G , p ; f , f , f , f , in the e chee e lea e wi h a fhort s like z an d f , f , p / , t ( ) ( )
fs in ble s an d fu ch b ort S llab les . ( ) f , f y
1 h re c r t i wr t n in tin w 5 R u le 6 . W e o s it e a e ( ) ( ) L ,
write 0 in E n lifh as Ci tiz en from Ci vis rice from ( ) g , ; p
r etiu m ra ce ro m ra tia E le a n c rom E le an tia : p ; G f G , g y f g fo M a lice N o ti ce Ju tice &c , , f , .
R u le 7 . Write r c at the en d n ot r ce exce t ( f ) , ( ) , p 2 0 - or ce car ce r e i n orce. f , f , f
Th o f w h w ron ou n c R u le 8 . e o u n d o e hic e e f ( f ) , p
oz e m u ft b e written with an as en - di - clo e a ( ) (f) , f f , p ,
com de di -ex i n ter o -r e- o e ro e r o e tho e , , f , , p p f , p / , f , f ,
n o e ho e. f , f
25 i wr n w h n f i n A o ta R u le 9 . s itte it a (fy) ( ) , p f fy,
Con trover Cou r te E ile E xta F an fy , fy , p p fy , fy , /y,
Gi H er e Jea lo L e r o P leu ri : B u t in pfy , /y , fy, p fy , fy
84 84 B u E a Ta n a l P o s is o u n ded as z . [ ] fy, fy, /y, P /y, fy, ( ) f ( ) h d a r derived from the R u le 1 0 . S u c Wor s s a e
30 atin in tia or ci a are ex reft b c as Con L ( ) ( ) , p y y ,
tan c E cac r o hec &c . fo e ac . f y , ffi y , P p y , L g y B u t for a more c ertain u ide to B e in n ers an d 1 G g , fu ch as do n ot u n derftan d all the R u les ; I have fet down the artic u lar E xam les of fu ch Words as are , p p writt en with c b efore e or i m oft of whic h are ( ) ( ) ( ) , derived from t he Latin ; in the Table at the en d of 5 h w this B ook. B u t b t e a y y,
Ob erve Word b e inn in with tr an o r f s g g f, w en are ritten with . [ /, (f)
om r a w n w h Obfer ve 2 . S e Wo ds re ritte it (c) or
t as an ci en t em acia te r eci o u s b u t b etter with c . 10 ( ) , , , p ; ( ) S w Obfer ve 3 . ome Words are written ith (c) o r
as ai n erce ar en al en e de en e dis -ex- u - en ce (f ) , , , / , f f , f / , f f p ,
‘
R u le 1 1 . Write alwa s a ter ou as hou e (f) y f ( ) , / ,
nd i n al ds n din i n 15 a l Wor e g ou s .
f lwa h n ord R u le 1 2 . Write s a s at t e e d of W 85 ( ) y s, [ ] aft er e in fhor t S llable : fo al o in ba s m a s m i s ( ) y s f / , / , f , dr r an d n add d t o he en d of Words o s o s &c . e s t / , g f , ( f ) e , w h n l as in u ln e s la xi n e s . S ome are written it a fi e f / , / g
s an d fome with a dou ble fs at the en d fee the 20 ( ) , ( ) ;
Table. B u t es this thus u s with a fi n le y , , , , g
S n f R u le 1 3 . om e Words whic h have the fo u d o dou ble fs bein derived rom Latin Words are written ( ) , g f , ' with (fc) ; fee the Table u n der (fo) z b u t others gen erally w f f ith fs as mo t b o rt S llables . ( ) , y
d z . 2 . 8 an SECT. Of ( ) ( ) As there are man y Words which are written with
c or ce which ha e the ou n d of f fo m an are ( ) ( ) , v f ( ) , y wri tten with whi h have the ou n d of z ef e (f) c f ( ) , ( p 1 c ially b etween two Vowels) ; fee the Table at the e nd
u n d r s r z e ( ) fo ( ) .
An d en erall at th en d of Words whether u b g y e , S
86 ftan tives of the lu ral 86 N u mb er as M a ters ens [ ] P [ ] , f , P , 5 ' S in s or Ad ec tive P offeffives as Ki n s a lace o r ; j s , g P ,
Verb s of the Third P erfon as u s es fo as is was . , , , , , All which fhou ld (by R eafon) b e written with when as C u ftom writes them with (f) ; yet how ever for
diftin c ti on ake the fh ou ld b e written with fhort s f , y ( )
10 fee the Table of S u bftan tives diftin u ifhed rom Verb , g f s,
w n as ell in Writi as S o u n d. g ,
S o B ra s la s r a s m ake B ra z e laz e. / , G / , G / , , G
r az e : A n d ou e M ou e ou e m ake ou s e G H / , / , L / , H ,
Mous e ou s e. , L
15 S u ch Word as are writt n with z fee the Table s e ( ) ,
h n at t e e d u nder (z) .
0 S o u n ds like foft s or z in eci ble acri c ( ) ( ) ( ) , f , [ fi a
S ome Words are written with f or z Ar lir a u ( ) ( ) , ,
2 0 A i e Co m ri e cr a e- r a e da i e di ei e lo e /f / , p f , f y , g / , f , ff / , g / , ri l ha ard ha le ori on s B a or to fhave with : g / y , f , / , / ; f ( )
S i e a meafu re or kind of lu e R a e R eco n iz a n ce. / , , G ; f , g
B u t rice a Valu e an d r iz e t o fet a alu e are P , ; P , v , alwa s diftin u ifh y g ed.
E T 3 . k n d x . S C . Of (0 ) ( ) a ( )
Take n otic alfo That tho u h 0 is fet b efore k e , g ( ) ( )
at the en d of fhort S llab le as Oracle N ec k S tick y s , , , , B lock u ck et if another C onfon an t c omes between , D ; y
the Vow l and the k the c is le t ou t as Ban k e ( ) , ( ) f , ,
ark: An d in all lon S llables whether lon b an D g y , ( g y e at the en d o r b a i hthon as ake eak 1 ( ) , y D p g , fp , fp , like leak n ook Oak eek and at the en d of ro er , , , , [ ) , P p
N ames as Amalek Anak. , ,
k lw f an R u le 1 . Is a a s et b e ore e ee i d ( ) y f , , , y ; wher e the hard o u n d of c or k is re u ired as 5 f ( ) ( ) q , a -s kew ke e kill b u t u on all other ac co u nt as , p , ; p s , b efore a o u an d b e ore an C on fon ant c is u fed , , , f y , ( )
f k w a . 5 b e in nin wi h kn or exc e t thofe fe . t ( ) , p , p g g g ( ) lf an d Ka te for Ca thari n e : a o Acelda m a Act 1 . , , ( s which fhou ld b e rono u n ced as if written Akelda ma 10 p , o r Achelda m A d s he Father of S au l Act 3 a n Gi t 1 . ; , , ( s fhou ld b e [88] pron ou n ced Kis ; an d why it fhou ld [88] n ot b e ri n t ed or written with a k as well as ro p ( ) , p
n d i v r n n ou c e s e ftra e. , y g 2 e an d ci havin n ot a ull ou n d 15 R u le . (c ) ( ) g f f a ter x b ecau fe x o u n ds ks as exec s excite : f ( ) ; ( ) f ( ) / , Therefore when Words b egin ning with (s) in Latin ' are C om ou n ded with ex the is c aft awa as p ( ) , (s) y ; ex - e u n B u if ca co or make execu te in E lifh. t [ q , s g , , cu c l and eh ollow x the have a ul l ou n d 20 , , , f ( ) , y f f , affumin the n atu re of k as excan de cenc exc om g ( ) , / y , m a n i t ca e excu e excla im exchan e. , f , , g
u le 3 x e rall wri e r th u nd R . ( ) Is g n e y tt n fo e fo o f ks as Ax Text : B u t if s maki n the lu ral ( ) , , ( ) g P
N u mb er the Third P erfon of Verb or P offeffi ves is 25 , s , , a dded to Wo rd endin i n k then ks is writt en s g ( ) , ( ) , n ot x as B ooks S ti cks a. u c ks head : Al o ct in ( ) , , , D f ( ) the middle of a Word b e ore tion ou n d x as , f ( ) , f s ( ) ,
Corr ecti on I n tru etion ro tec tion . , f , P R u 4 f x w n v r wri e 89 f b u t 30 8 le . A ter e e e t 9 ( ) [ ] ( ) , [ ] often c where the fo un d is dou bled as excellen t ( ) , , , 1 exce t exci e. In Word derived rom the atin p , f s f L , whic h are c om ou n ded with x an d which b e in with p ( ) , g a Vowel or n either 0 n or f is writt en as , (s) , ( ) ( ) ; , ex u t m la r x m t i i ec e exe e e exerc e ex en t . , p , p , f , g
4 n v . S ECT. . Of (f) a d ( ) F ath two fou n ds hard in far an d foft i n ( ) H , w o ith fi n le f ou n ded as o v . f, g ( ) f ( ) O bferve That f in the Sin u lar N u mb er is , ( ) g c han ed in to v in N ou ns of th lu ral N u mb er an d g ( ) e P ,
10 i n Verb of the Sin ul ar as Ca l Ca lves al H a l s g , f, , H f,
ves Kn i e Kn ives S el S elves Thi e Thi eves ; f , ; f, ; f, ;
lVi e Wi ves S hel S helves Wol Wolves S hea f , ; f, ; f, ; f,
S hea ves ea eaves S tri e S trives i e I/ ives ; L f, L ; f , ; L f , ;
r ie rieves S a e S ave B i e B i eves R eli e G f, G : f , ; f, ; f, 15 R elieve B eli e B eli eve. ; f,
d o n on t . E . n C an S CT 5 . Of (g) a (j) f w h rd l . Obferve That hath t o S ou n ds 1 a , (g) ; ( ) , like he whic h is its ro er S ou n d b efore a o u (g ) ( p p ) , , ,
o r an C on fon ant an d lin le at the en d of an y , (g) g y
20 i b ort S llable as G a old G u n lad r oan y ; , p , G , ; g , g , a r h h c om ava te ba be bi bo bu . at gg , g , g , g , g , g (g) m o nl a fl at or foft fou n d b efore e an d i which is y ( ) ( ) , h w r t e fame ith the C on fon an t (je) or (dz he) as in Ginge . Therefore if a 0 or u follow this fl at fou n d It m u ft , , , ; 2 5 b wri w e tten ith C on fon an t as Ja m es Jo e h Ju das . (j) , , f p ,
2 . Obferve That when i follows the foft fou n d , ( ) ’ of tis en erall written with as i n ian t (g) , g y (g) , G , i ma i n e Cler i e : An d in thele followin words where g , g g , (g) fou n ds hard like (ghe) t hey are written with (g) b efo re i as Ar ile be in be in i t i lber t 1 ( ) , g , g , gg g ; g f , G , ild ibberi h i ills idd im - lace ir l ir dle g , g / , g g , g , g y , g p , g , g ,
i r t i ve i tter n i mlet an d i n ro er Name . g , g , g , g ; P p s
Obferve That when e immediatel follow 9 1 3 . ; ( ) y s, [ ] ’ the foft ou n d of tis t o b e written with C on 5 f (g) , (j)
d w e t fon an t as Jeo ar Je el J . , p y , , / Exc ept In Words deriv ed from the Latin o r f reek as G emm en der en tr G e tu r e &c . ee G ; , G , G y , / ,
the Table.
r G er 10 2 . In ro er N ames as eor e G e e P p , G g , ff y ,
man erard er tru de. , G , G
E x e in hofe Words in t he Table u n der 3 . c t t p (g) ,
o u n din hard like hee b efo re e as eld et &c . f g (g ) ( ) , g , g , f and i n the S llables er ed eth &c . Becau e e y g , g , g , (j ) en ds n o word b ut that S o u n d i s alwa s ex reft at 15 , y p the end of word with e as char er chan e er s (g ) , g , g , ,
ed h a d . et &c . or d s e , , g , g
bferv hat filen t is added v r 4 . O e : T (g) t o e b al S u b ftantives an d artici les as heari n teachi n m ovi n P p , g , g , g ; an d in Words that have the o u n d of n as in 20 f ( g) , f g , Bu t o i r u n n t n o th r a a in Ki i . g ; e s s M eh , tch n
bf rv h 2 5 . O e e : T at (j) is a differ[9 ]en t fhape from [92] b ecau fe when it ou n d dz ho is n v r wr i t n (g) , (g) f s ( ) e e t e b e ore a 0 n or u b u t C onfon an t fu lies its la e f , , , (j) pp p c M a r n as o Jou r e In u r . j , y , j y
’ 6. Obferve : That tis abfu rd an d ridic u lous t , o write (e) after (g) at the end o f a Word ; u n lefs it
ou n d like dzhe as i n rin e hi n e b u t b n f s ( ) , f g , g ; y o mean lovin e thi n e becau fe e foften s the oun d of s g , g , ( ) f
(ghee) . 62
bf rv h h 7 . O e e : T e ard fou n d of (ghee) is made foft in fhort S llable b u ttin d b efor it as m a y s , y p g ( ) e , g ,
m ad le led ho hod u u d B u t Co lle e g ; g , g ; g , g ; j g , j g ; g ;
o bli e an d rivile e are wr itten b ett r withou t g , p g , e 5 ac rdin h c o g to t eir Latin Derivation .
8 . Obferve : G u e at the en d is u t for af er ( ) , p (g) t
the Fren c h m o de i n A olo u e Colle u e Co llo u e , p g , g , g ,
Ca talo u e eca lo u e ia lo u e ara n u e I n tr i u e g , D g , D g , H g , g ,
ea u e la u e R o u e rolo u e ror o u e Vo u e L g , P g , g , P g , P g , g ,
10 S n a o u e Ton u e E ilo u e Theolo u e where u y g g , g , p g , g ; ( ) [93 ] is added t o harden the fou n d of [93] (g) an d (e) i s added fo r rn ament ake b ec au fe n o E n lifh Wo rd O f , g
en ds b arel in u wi ho u n y ( ) t t a (e) .
. t r SECT. 6 Of the (th) ; An d fom e fu r her R em a ks f d t up on ( ) an ( ) .
h h b on e etter in the Obferve 1 . T at (t ) is u t L Greek ; an d fhou ld b e c alled (the) with a hard fou n d ; an d (dhe) with a foft fou n d : fee the Table of b o th
c m o pared. 20 I kn ow n o Ju ft R ea/on why (ft) m ay n ot be part ed in the middle of a Word of m ore t han on e Syllable for the b etter pron ou ncing the Syllables as the are en erall ou n ded as m a ter u tain : see y g y f , f , f f
h . . a . 6 C ap X p g 2 . fhort i n 2 . Obfer ve : N ever t o write a ro u n d (s)
the middle of a word ex ce t b e ore f an d k as , p f ( ) ( ) ,
t ba s t & b u t alwa s a fhort s at the r an s u r e ke c . fig , , y ( )
en d of all wo rds .
d n din in es . r in or s e 3 Obferve : That c e ta W g ( ),
30 ar fwallo w d u in the orm er S llable as in Nou ns e e p f y ,
1 D i cr eti on Con trition Commotion I n titu tion : Alfo f , , , /
ach words as en d in action eetio n ietio n oetio f , , , n , a c tion thou h the ou nd x are written with ct ; g y f ( ) , ( ) as F a cti on A ection Fi ction ecoction Con tru c , ff , , D , /
5 tion E c e t F lu xion an d its c om ou n d as D e u xi on ; x p , p s , fl ,
96 fo Con n exi on Com lexion : 96 b u t when t o write [ ] , p [ ] tion with a t an d when to write i on with an ( ) ( ) , (f ) (f), they b eing v ery n ear the fame fou n d ; fee the latt er en d of the fifth S ec tion of t he firft Chapter of the 1 S e n ar hi k 44 . 0 c o d P t of t s B oo a . , p g w Ex Ti ou n ds fi b e ore a Vo el as ati en ce : . ( ) f ( ) f , p
c e t when s o r x oes b efore it as u tian p ( ) ( ) g ; f f , m ixtion : ti kee s its fou n d when a Word en din ( ) p , g
i n t has a S llable added t o it as i t i tiable ( y) , y , p y , p , ed In f me r er N ames in the 15 ou s e t &c . o o , , f , P p Bibl e as P ela tiah An tioch . , ,
Th e Third P art Con cer n ing the Acciden ts of Wor ds an d
S en ten ces .
CHAP. I .
When Cap i ta l L etters fhou ld be wri tten . R eat or C apital Letters are t o b egin
1 ro er N ames of all forts whether P erfon s . P p ,
or laces as C har les E n lan d on don . P , , g , L
2 D nit an d ce as Hi hne s 5 . ll am s of i 2 A N e g y Offi s , g f ,
ord M a or S her i &c . L , y , f, d fir with th N me 1 3 . All N ame of Ar t Tra e e. e a s s , s , s of the Implements b elon ging t o each of them ; as alfo the A u thors or Man agers of them fhould b egin with
C a itals as S mi th a mmer &c . p , , H , F 4 At h b e i nnin of a ch Words as are th . t e g g f e 5 [98] f n hi h u main u bject u po w c y o treat . E v r Em hati cal Remarkable Word of f ecial 5. e y p p te in n tenc e fhou ld b e written with a r t No a S e , G ea
Letter. Th f ett r of ever ine in er e or 1 6. e Fir t L e y L a V f 0
h a a i al etre m u ft be in wit C t . M , g p At the Be in n in of ever S en ten ce a ter a ull 7 . g g y f f fto an d fre u entl a ter a C olon if the m atter b e p ; q y f ,
diftinct .
h am f u s nd Vi s . 8 . T e N es o Vir t e a ce
Th N am s of all Creatu r S enfiti ve an d In 9 . e e e s ,
fenfi ti ve as Man B eaft Bird Ston e. , , , ,
Y m f lw w i a ea 10 . ou u t b e fu re a ays to r te gr t (0 ) b it elt an d a reat b it felf the P erfon y f , g (I) y , ( , fpeakin g of y ou r felf) an d at the fame time always 20 rem emb ring t o write a little (a) by it feif; u nlefs it n a n n b egi s S e te c e or Verfe.
l n l t l rd 1 1 . A l Si e e ter u t for 99 who e Wo 99 g L s p [ ] s, [ ]
J. f as . for or d or Jam es &c . L L , , 1 2 All Materi al f H ufek e in an d in deed 25 . s o o e p g , v moft S ubftan ti es m ay b egin with a Great Letter .
lf wh n etter ar i r of 1 3 . A o e L s e pu t for F gu es 5 1 . . 1 5 1 0 . V . C 0 D Nu mb er as 0 0 . , I , , X , L , , ,
1 0 0 . 500 . M 0 , B u t C apitals mu ft n ever b e written in the middle 30 f n f o a Word or mixt with mall ett er in an word . , L s y 5 a ramma i . Ekw ll , G t k C . HAP II .
R u les or r on ou n ci n o r R i ht S ou n di n o the f P g , g g f
' ver a l ll b fe S y a les i n Wor ds .
rds of on e S llable are l on o r fhort that i s O y g , ( ) 5 when you take longer or fhorter time t o p ro
ll l a . n o u n c e them . S ab es re lon either b an e at y g , y ( ) the en d or a i htho n in the middle otherwife the , D p g ; y
F 2 are fhort .
100 B u t for Words o f m ore than one S llable Thefe ] y , 10 following R u les m ay b e du ly o bferved : For a Word
m a b e kn ockt o u t of Join t in S eakin as w ll as y p g , e
i n Writin g .
. A ce ts i n r s Tw a ble . S ECT 1 . c n Wo d of o S yll s
1 hen an en din i s om ed t o a W rd R u le . W g j o
1 5 of on e S llable the firft S llable is acc en t ed o r raifed y , y
ab o ve the ref ei her b fo u n in the Vo wel on t ; ( t y d g l g,
o r dou blin the C on fon an t as a ble i ble i h u ll g ) , , f , f ,
‘ le s n e s om wa rd or l n o ta ble credible f , f , f , , y , y , , ,
‘ wa i h h r t u l lzel le s i tn e s han d om rw rd fp f , u f , p f , f f , / , fo a ,
20 hard har dl hear til : S o the En din of Verb s an d y , y , y g
t he C o m arati e an d S u erlative de ree as l ve t p v p g , o / ,
‘
ed t i n er w eeter weete t are n ot accen ted . f , g , , f , f f ,
Words f two S llables t hat en d in er R u le 2 . o y ( )
e c e t where er is the rin ci al as de er re er ( x p ( ) p p , f , p f ,
25 r e er an d fu c h as en d in ou r or u re as alfo in f ; ( ) ( ) ,
le or en the firft i s Ac cen ted as Trader R eader ( ) ( ) , , , ,
1 0 1 i u r r An d in others n ou r 10 1 e h m ble t n dle. [ ] Ho , [ ] f g , u , u alfo where the en din is a C om ound Additi on or , g p , lafs rin ci al art of the word as Car t - ro e like 1 p p p , p ,
w v n h 1 E xce t . S llabl hi ch ha e e lo or t e . p y es ( ) g ;
o u n d o f ee 0 0 ai as de ree a ear ron tier f ( ) ( ) ( ) , g , pp , f ,
‘ eren c u rem e behoves m ain ta i n obe To which 5 f , f p , , , y ; . m a b e added be i n ca le car e s car ou e cem en t y , g , jo , / , f , ,
‘ co llo u e cr eate om en t erdite a lute. g , , f , p , f
d c m u n d d with a V rb 2 . E xce t . Wor s o o e e p p , wherei n the Verb b ath the Acc ent ; (whether it be the fo rmer or latt er S llable as bac k- bi te back lide 10 y ) ; , f , ‘ - - br eak a t ca tch oles make ba te d s or t a r take. f / , p , , p f p , p
' h i n i f b f W R u le 3 . W en a P r epofit o s et e ore a ord
f on e S llable the rimitive Wo rd b ri ht re u ires o y , P y g q the Ac c en t as colle u e oll te an d i n er m an , , g , p u ; v y y o thers where the C o m ofition eafil a ears a a l as 15 p y pp , , , , be de exc e t atome bé om e decen t follo w the R u le , , ( p , f , ) f d b of P re ofiti on s . B u t the e are exc e te a ec t accen t , p p , j , ,
‘ ad u n ct 10 2 ad ven t a ect c m act com a s con - F 3 102 j , [ ] , fp , o p , p f , [ ]
‘ ‘ o r d cbn cou r e c n du i t cbn u l o ce o er r er f , f , o , f , ffi , ff , p off ,
‘ ‘ er ec t rela te rodu ct r t r o r e s r lo u e 20 p f , p , p , p ofi , p g f , p o g , ' rbmi e r eli u es r e i te it b tan ce ubu r bs uccou r p f , q , fp , f f , f , f ,
f n R u le 4 . I an Endi g is added t o a Word of
t wo S llables That whic h form erl had the Acc en t y , y ,
‘ frill kee s it as ad oi n i n - cd C n cord - a n ce r o 25 p , j g , , o , p ta b fr le bu t o m ro te t r ote tan t . fi ; p f , p f
' t E . 2 u l r A n in r m ore han S CT . R es fo cce ts Wo ds of
l ble o n e S yl a .
u le 1 la ll bl b u t tw b ears th R . The t a o f Sy e , e Acc en t ; fo that when an En ding of two Syllables is 30 5 * 1 added to a Word of two S llables where the ormer y , f Syllable b are the Ac c en t the Ac cent is tran flated to
the la t S llable bu t two as active acti vit . fo in all f y ; , y Words that end in (ty) ; Bu t when (n e/s) is added to 5 a Word of two S llable as a t er ver man Ad ec y s , f y y j tives the Accent never chan e its lac e as R i hteou , g s p , g f x t n e s . E ce f p ,
h lla l i l n f v l [1 03] 1 . When t e laft Sy b e s o g by e era C on
‘ ‘ fonan ts as a ccom li h a ban don i n oble i llii tra te , p / , , g , / ;
10 an d thofe which end in u r e exce t ver tu re. ( ) , p o
t wh n the Vow l in th la t S llable 2 . E xce e e e p , f y b u t on e is lon as A i an ce A idavit An teceden t g , fi , ff , , Ar mada B a lcon B r avado Carbonado Cathedral , y , , , ,
‘ a ndeli on or i z on o bd r a te O on en t ell cid D , H , u , p p , p u , 15 r eceden t R ecit an t Va ar Vice eren t. p , f , g y , g Ex w n h f u f an in 3 . c ept ; he t e o n d o the C onfon t
‘ the la t S llable b u t on e is dou bled as a dm oni h f y ; f ,
‘ a lr ead a ar el a ton i h con ti n u e de o ite imbez i l y , pp , f f , , p f , ,
immode t exhi bite exoti ck n arcotiek r e lev r eti n u e f , , , , p y , ,
‘
20 r even u e di in heri t . , f
E xc t m wh c a n the laf 4 . ep fo e i h l y the Acc e t u pon t
S llable as a c u ie ce ad ver ti e a com r e r ehen d y , q / , f , p , , , p ,
‘ con de cen d debon air com lai an ce O b olete ever more f , , p f , f , , er evér e u bdi vi de an d om c om ou n ded with di p f , f ; f e p f,
‘ 25 i ard i -r e as d re d e ct . , f g , f fp Ex W whi 5 . c e t ords c om ou n ded with over ch p p , F4 104 n ever en du res the 1 0 4 Ac cent n or u n der exce t [ ] [ ] ; , p d d o n er lin n er w od un der mo t . u g , u , f
2 The S llable bef r i r n ou n ced as R u le . y o e ( ) p o 30 e an d the S llable b e ore ti i ei cc ron ou n c ed (y ) ; y f , , f , , , p as fh or zh exce t E ccle ia tes an d E ccle ia tical ( ) ( ) , p f / f / ; will alwa s bear the Acc ent as r a ier an ia rd u a 1 y , p , p , q f
‘ tion ir cu mci i on ocean m a i cia n com an i on co m , c f , , g , p ,
n d u u a l : S o word in ati on etion i tiou mun io n, a f s , , ,
ation u i on . , f ! J 3 S ome N ou n b tranflati n the Accent ( R u le . s y g , l a are changed int o Verbs ; fee the Table. A fo t o c n ju re or deal in Witchcraft ; t o conjur e highly t o in treat ; d e nt c m l de én t oin down mi n u te of time ec , o e y ; /c , g g ; ;
min te fmall. u , S om which n d in for e fhort H0 R u le 4 . e e (y) ( ) , an d ble which is ou n ded withou t the Vo wel have ( ) , f , t wo Acc ent one in the o urth or fth S llable ao s , f fi y , c oun tin from the la t an other ain ter than the ormer g f , f f ,
‘ i n the la t bu t on e as academ ac ce ar acrimon f , y , /f y , y,
‘ admirable adver ar uliman alle ar ambu la tor 15 , f y , g , g y , y , amia ble 105 am icable an n iver ar an timan an ti 105 , [ ] , / y , y, [ ]
‘ u ated a o lex ar bitrar au di tor au xiliar habi q , p p y , y , y , y,
‘ table hi erarch i n omi n n ece ar n écroman e , y , g y , ff y , y , r e ractar eden tar é ten ar B u t tem eramen t f y , f y , f p y ; p ; and all Word of ou r or more S llable in n e s 20 s f y s , ( f ) , have t heir Accent in th f l ll l s e fir t an d aft Sy ab e. S ome are u n certainly ac cented in this or the ’ o ther Syllable ; at the Speaker s pleafu re : fu ch are acce table con tribu tin cor r u tible a lla n t az et p , g , p , g , g ,
‘ co n e or u cce or : As al o ro er N ame as B eel 25 f ff , f f/ f P p s ,
bu b Ca z e naan Ca er na u ni The a lon ica &c. , , p , f/ ,
i S 3 . To the m b ECT. fe ght e added a R u le of
u lica tion viz . D p ,
That the C onfonan t which follows the Thir d Vo wel
rom the la t is en erall dou bled in ron ou n in 30 f f , g y p c g, 1 thou h n ot in writin n ot recko nin e n al which g g ; g ( ) fi ,
is ui efc en t as a ita te a on bi am mi n ou s Q , g , g y , g y , o , p ap u lar
10 6 Man Words h ave d fou n ded 10 6 dou ble as [ ] y ( ) [ ] ,
“ 5 o lidi t validit b u t we feldom writ e dd fo fome f y , y ; ( ) ;
with dou bled as u i ver r i vet i vera l tho u h (v) , q , , f ; g
we n e er w rite vv : A n d er oft en as e u alit v ( ) v y (I) , q y ; . an d fom etimes n as i n i u i t b efides a a t atom ( ) , q y , g , ,
‘ ‘ blemi h Cam el li mi t m i m ick o bit r om i e Vi ca r f , , , , , p / , ,
10 vi ou r : An d 0 u t for f as acid a u dac it ca a g ( ) p ( ) , , y , p
ci t dilacer a te decim a te edaci t ex li ci te lo u ac it y , , , y , p , q y ,
m en daci t m u n i ci a l lacid reci ice o aci t r e y , p , p , p p , p y , p
‘ coci t re u di cia l ca aci t a aci t a lacit oli e y , p j , p y , f g y , f y , f i ci tou s ten aci ti taci tu r n t veracit viva ci t voraci t . , y , y , y , y
I
CH AP . III .
Of Poi n ts or S top s .
H e reat eft u fe of oin tin is t hat the fen ce m a g P g , y
b e diftin u ifh d Either B the leaft breathin g e ; y g ,
which ftO s the S en ten c e as a Co mm a or hal C rcle p , , , f i 20 aft er this [ 10 7] m an n er Or By a middle
Breathin which dela s the fen ce m arkt thu s c alled g , y ,
Or B a fu ll B r athi n which c o n clu des a Colon . e y g ,
the S en ce ! c alled a eriod or full S to thu s Which , P , p , ,
am afraid are as m an as m off will t ro u ble them I , y 25 felves withal ; Thefe three are of abfolu te nec effity ;
That it a ear t o whi ch This or The other Word or pp , ,
S en ten c e doth b elon for the want of tru e ointi g , P ng,
‘ fre u entl c au fes obfcu rit c on fu fion an d c ontrariet q y y , y,
as for xam le E p ,
1 l l f 6 . It is a fo frequ ent y u ed b efore (to) the fign of the In finiti ve M oo d ; when the Ablative C afe with a P repofition b egin s the Clau fe ; an d the Pri ncipal Verb is lac ed a ter the n nitive Mood a s I n this ca e p f I fi ; , f , !
0 to di air is dan er ou s . /p , g
7 Alwa or n er . be e a . u a mma e t C o . ys f , p
8 . Obferve That when 2 Word are c ou led with , ( ) s p a C on u n c tion the C omma is n eedlefs as I ove an d j , , , L
Hon ou r thee.
B u if f v l d n n n b e l d 9 . t e era Wor s i a S e t e c e c ou p e with a C on u n ction th n th C omma is n eed u l whe j , e e f , ther the words c ou pled b e of diftinc t fi gnification or
n o i n d d &c . To C hea t Act 2 9 . ar th ans a M e es ; s , P , , ,
a n d Cozen an d F la ter becom e n ot an hon e t m an . , , / 1 5 1 0 . B e ore a is u n ctive or Difcretive a C omma f D j , 1 10 is alwa s n eed ul 1 10 as To F ear where ther e is [ ] y f ; [ ] , , n o F ea r r to b bo d w r there i s n o R ea on ; o e l , he e / ;
ar F - m r u es a ooli h or F ool hard Te e . g f , y p f 1 1 . A ter an Fi u re u t a Comm a if ou u e f y g , p , ( y 2 fir 0 feveral t o ether as 1 2 3 5 7 9 2 0 50 e. g ) , , , , , , , ,
2 B u t i Cha er an d V rf c ome b oth to ether 1 . f pt e e g ,
the mu ft b e diftin u ifh d b a u ll Sto thu s C ha . 7 . y g e y f p , , p ar 10 . . V . . . V r 8 9 e er 4 or Cha 4 5 . e . f p , f , ,
i l n . E . em co o S CT 2 . Of a S mi l n r at r ftr fs fta s ome A S e co o c arries a g e e e , y f
what lon er an d is a middle diftin ction when there g , , is as mu ch of the S entenc e b ehin d as there i s b efore ;
’ tis a r a r han a Comma an d lefs than a g e te Stop t , i the ord with all thin e C . . n r v. 3 5 ru t olon . P o T f L H ea r t ; an d L ean n ot to thi n e own Vn derftan ding : 1 i Th s oor an c . fal 3 . . m d P . 4 6 cr e & p y , ’ f c mm nl nf w h r i fmall 1 . Tis mo t o o ed hen t e e s a y , Turnin of S eech t o an other thin as Thou trive t g p g , , f / t o 1 1 1 kn ow the u e o R i ches what Ver tu e is 5 11 1 [ ] f f ; , [ ]
n ever tr ou bles thee.
2 It is ordinaril u fed a ter fu ch S a i n a hav . y f y gs s e a reafon or detra tion fu b oin ed u fu all b e innin c j ; y g g,
2 . 6 r v. 2 5 2 . T b B u t et or &c . ro 4 he e e ou r , y f , P , f thi ngs whic h ar e li ttle up on E ar th ; bu t they ar e 10 exc eeding wife. This Half C olon is u fed m oft commonly in Writin g inftead of the Colo n ; b u t thofe who wou ld write ac c uratel mu lt diftin u ifh th em ef e iall in lon y g , p c y g
S entences .
z SECT. 3 . Of a Colon ( ) A Colon z when there is u ll S en e bu t n ot ( ) Is f c , all the ence n ot a er ect S nten ce b ecau fe there is f ; p f e , ftill more b ehin d ; an d it is c omm only fet b efore the v w 2 R af n i n for ha f r aff r d R m 8 . 7 . 0 e o g e t is b e o e e t e ; o . T he Ca rn a l Mind i s en mi ty again /t God : for i t i s & n o t u ect c . f bj , Co lo n is of r at u fe in difti ncti on a t r 1 . A e e g , f c ontrar thin when other of the fame n at u re ollow y gs , s f ; as 1 12 H e loves to have a an d i n ever thin 25 1 12 , [ ] H y g , [ ] his own an d o ther F o lks : u blick a n d ri vate : , P P
S acr ed a n d Profan e.
It i ro er wh n a Similitu de is the ro o 2 . s p p e P p
fition an d the A lication is the Redditio n rov. 2 5 . ; pp , P A is o 30 1 5 . s cold Wa ter to a Thirfty S ou l : S o G od A N v . a ro . 2 7 8 . s B ir d ews from a far Co u n try . P 1 tha t wan dr eth fr o m her N eft : fo is a M a n tha t
wan dr eth fr om his Place.
4 . a er i o r F u SECT. Of P d o ll S lap
This S to 0 1‘ F u ll oin t is u fed at the en d of p , P ,
5 a er ect S en ten ce o r when the en ce is n i hed p f , f fi f , where the Voice in R eadin g m a ft b e ftayed c onfiderably ; an d the Ten or of it at laft word mu ft fall low ; that b oth the R eader ma recov er his B reath and the y , Hearer have tim e t o refl ect a little on what is faid ;
1 2 r M . 1 7 . on u a ll en . ove t e B r o t r . 0 1 P et . H o L h he hoo d l . n Al which fo r F ear G od on o u r the Ki . u r a e H g ,
i n r n ti e S e t en c es .
1 1 3 An E am le of thefe fou r Sto s 1 1 3 we ha e [ ] x p p [ ] v ,
5 . i i m i t l f l 14 1 . m P a . L et the R hteou s te e ha l be g f , f 15 a ki n dn e s a n d let him re r ove m e i t ha ll be a n f ; p , f excellen t Oil whi ch ha ll n o t br ea k m ead : or et , f y H f y my Pr a yer a lfo fha ll be in their Ca la mities . This fu ll S to fo finifhes a S en t en ce S eech or p , p ,
Difc o u rfe as that n othin feems t o be de en din n or , g p g ,
20 an thin m ore defi ned t o b e f oke as t o that ar y g g p , p
tic u lar It i s c alled a F u ll oi n t b ecaufe the R eader ; P ,
m a lea e off there the S en c e b ein C om leat as I y v , g p ; , f
wi th lea u re The thou doft an y fham efu l thing p f ; lea u r e u eth a wa the ham e r em a in s : I thou p f p ff y , f f 2 5 doft a n y thi ng hon eftly wi th tr ou ble; the trou ble goes i awa the hon e t r em a n s . y , f y
E T. 5 a n I n ter ro a ti on S C . Of g A n In terr oga tion is always u fed at the end o f any
direct u ftion t o which an An fwer ma b e iven Q e , y g ,
1 remain er e t as on ou r th F a ther an d t h p f c ; , H y y M other which i s the ir t Commandmen t with ro , ( f f p
3 . mi e tha t i t m a be well with thee E hef 6 . 2 f ) y , p . , F or I kn ow that i n m ee tha t is in m F le h dwell , ( y f ) 5 t i n 1 e h n o ood th om . 8 . g g , R 7 . A P ar en thefis o u ght gen erally t o b e fou nded with a o wer Voice or another kin d of Ton e S o Teach m e L , ; , ,
I ra ou to R ead : S u ofe I r a ou le t ou t ( p y y ) pp , ( p y y ) f ; It wou ld n ot alter the S en ce ; y et it fhou ld b e fou n ded [1 16] 10 fo mewhat differen t from the reft : B ut the [1 16] tru e framing of y o u r Voic e in a P aren the/is is b etter Learn ed b Hearin an d du e attention t o thofe that ron ou n e y g , p c c l a cu rate y .
B u t in ou r Writin ive as feldom o ccali on for y g , g
1 5 this N ote as ou can le t ou r S en ten ce b e nau feated y , f y with it : Becau fe it is an inclofure of Words m ore than h t e fen c e requi res .
Obferve in en eral That Sto add reat ra e g , ps g G c
and Credit t o Writing .
A V. CH P. I
P i Of o n ts r elating to S i ngle Words .
1 . SECT. Of an Ap oftrop hu s
bfe v O r e, 1 . T Hat an Ap oftrop hu s is a N ote written ju ft over the place of a Vo wel or C onfon an t ; or fet
over a ~ Letter to fi nifie fom ethin left ou t or c u t off , g g , ’ ’ as clos d f r cl ed hou d f r o of ; f o fhau ld . ’ B u t tis n eedlefs to write an A oftro hu s where 1 1 17 p p , [ ] is fet for th as lo ves for he loveth there b ein (s) ( ) , , ( ) g n othin omitted onel the th which in oun d is g , y ( ) , f
b u t on e etter is chan ed in to . L , g (s)
2 An A o tro hu s is u fed fometim s when two 5 . p f p e ’ S llable or Words are on tracted into on e as tis y s c , , , ’ ’ ’ for i t is twer e for it wer e hee l for hee wi ll th ; , ; , ; ’ ’ E ar th for the E ar th ar t em or ar t u m for ar t , ; p , p , p ’ ’ ’ ’ them i th for i n the I ll for I will n e er for ; , ; , ; , ’ n ever o r e for over : b u t thi kin d of Abbreviati on is 10 ; , s
moft u fed in Verfe.
n A f rO hu is u fed to deno a enitive 3 . A po t p s te G ’ Ca e offeffion or b elon in t o as M F a ther s f , p , g g ; , y ’ and m IVi ve s S on or an d o m F ather L ; y ; f , L f y n m Wi S o of y fe.
E 2 . a D iere is S CT. Of f
D ier e is or D ial is is a N ote of a i hthon f yf , D p g art ed i nto t wo S llable fet over the latt er Vo wel p y s , ;
as create r eal an d i n m oft ro er 1 18 N ame i n 11 8 , ; P p [ ] s [ ] the Bible ex e t Ca in I aa c B eelz ebu b har oah 20 ; c p , f , , P , P au l S au l R eu ben Theu das an d Can aa n the an d , , , , L ,
b u a r ar d i an f t ( a) a e p te n Can a the S on o N ort h.
E S CT. 3 . an hen thu s markt . Of Hyp ,
An H hen is a N ote Either of C onnexion yp ; , or oinin to ether the S llable of the fame Word 25 j g g y s , when on e or more of them happen to b e written in on e in e an d th r t for an t of r om in ano h L , e ef ( w o ) t er ; 1 where n ot e (by the way) To a void as m u ch as y ou c an fu c h a fe arat io n whic h dif rac eth the Writi p ; g ng, an d i s difpleafant t o the R eader ; B u t rather leav e a
mail blan k f ace at the en d o f the in e an d fo con f p L ,
5 t rive it either b w ritin a little n earer or wider , y g , that a lon g Wor d m ay n ot h appen at the en d of the
in e : B u t if it c an n ot b e reven ted b e u e t o art L p , f r p 1 1 9 it fo that ou r f llables b e 1 1 9 tru l divided a [ ] , y y [ ] y , s C hil- dr en n ot C hi - ldren when on e art of a ord ; , p W 10 is wr itten at the en d of a Lin e ( wh er e y o u r Hyp hen i s to b e plac ed) a nd t he o ther part of it at the b egin n ing of t he n ext Lin e ; where an o ther Hyp hen is to w b e plac ed fo r b etter diftin cti o n . Where t o or three wh ole Wor ds b y way of E legan cy are join ed in
1 5 on e fu c h kin d of C om o un ds are u fu all art ed with , p y p
an hen as el - love ea r t - earchi n Com mon Hyp , f f , H f g ,
w ea lth Work- m an - hi an d r an ado F a n c , f p , H G , y
lea i n - F a ces F i r e - ho vel u ick- i hted ale- aced p f g , f , q f g , p f ,
- — - 2 . in w ell ri n ro v 1 . 2 m i s o e kee . . 6 a e t m e H u fp g , P f , f p g 2 0 In whic h kin d of C ompofitio n o u r Lan g u age i s fec on d
t o n on e n o n ot t o t he C O iou s reek it felf. , , p G
C r r u i SE CT. 4 . Of a a d o I n d ct on
en otin wher e a Word i s wan tin or for otten D g g , g ,
an d lac ed ab o e the in e where it fho u ld c ome in p v L ,
2 5 A hi w wh r m hin l 12 0 t hu s . T s m ark fhe s e e 12 0 fo et eft [ ] ( ) , [ ] g o u t an d fet do wn in an o th er lac e o u ht t o b e b ro u ht , p , g g
i n whic h is t o b e lac ed at the b otto m of the ' Lin e , p , where the S en c e r equ ires the Word or Clau fe to b e b ro ught in ; fo it fer ves t o brin g in Letters or Words
30 n l i ter in ed.
. 80
1 7 . A Colu m n is hal a fide of a ea as it is , f L f , v l G di ided in o u r Bib es .
- 12 2 8 . A M ar i n is the S ace or Blank lace alon [ ] g , p , p g f v r the fide o e e y Page.
5 9 . When there is occafi on for feveral R emarks , ’ ti s don e b mail etter of the Al habet as a b c y f L s p , , , , ,
as in the rammar an d m an other Au thors . S o An G , y n otations u on Scri tu re or an other C omment And p p , y ;
fometimes b Fi ure as in atin Au thors . y g s , L f 10 . ar a llels or two ine trai ht u thu P L s g p , s u fed promifcu ou fly with an Ob elisk or Dagger (T) in i An n otat on s u pon the Bible.
1 1 A a r a r a thu mmonl r d . P g p h s (1) co y p ecee s a
S ent en c e whi c h b ears n o de en dance o n what went , p 15 b efore ; Bu t b egin s fom e n ew m atter ; an d mu lt n ot b egin in the middle of a Lin e : An d is u fed b efore f everal Verfes in the Bible.
2 P ara the is Ex ofition is the E x lainin 1 . f [ p ] p g fomethin oin b efore c ontain ed b etween two An u lar g g g , g 20 n n Li es after this m a ner called C rotchets or Brackets . f fi h 12 3 1 3 . E m ha is ex refs earn eftn efs i ni es t e [ ] p f , [ p ] g Forc e of the S enfe of fom e particu lar Word or Words ab ove other an d is u fu all ex reft b u ttin fu ch s , y p y p g ord into a di ferent Charac t r either for kin d as W s f e , ;
25 En lifh or Itali ck etter or Bi n efs : A Ca ital at g , L s ; g p
the b e i nnin or all the word reat etter . g g , G L s
An Ac n t i s the Elevati n or lifti n u of 1 4 . ce o g p
the Voic e as r i in oriz on mu ft be ou n ded lon er , ( ) H , f g ,
than H o or z on : fo n o in i n oble mu ft b e fou n ded ( ) g , 3 0 long . N ow Obferve n ever to fto or t ake b reath in 1 , , p y o u r R eading ; bu t at a Stop or Point (that is) where
h Om fli t e S en ce ftops . For the i on of S tops is the
C onfou n din of ' the S en e an d the mif lacin them g c , p g , is the rvertin of the en e as C hri t ai th S ai n t 5 p e g f c ; f f ,
eter d ed or u s In ftead of Chri t ai th S ai n t P y f ; ; f , f
eter d ed or u s . P , y f
V CHAP. I.
ra ti n s or Abbr eviati on s o ver l lV r Of Con t c o f fe a o ds .
at f a m o 10 Obfer ve 1 . H or ore c mpendiou s way
of writin ome fet on etter g , f e L
“1 o r more over an other for a er ec t S llable as w for p f y ,
‘ u t with ; w for what ; w for when ; w for which ; y fo r
° “ m n that ; y for the ; y for then ; y for them ; y for yo u ;
r " ' M for Mafter ; M for Miftrifs S ome write y for 15 r h yo u r ; an d fome write y for t eir.
B u t thele Con traction or fhort Writin of feveral s , g
o rds w u ld advife t b u f d a f ld m as m W , I o o e e s e o ay
b e B ecau fe it ar u e difref ec t or a kin d of ; g s p , flightin g : B ec au fe many do n ot u n derftan d them : 20 The frequ en t u fe of them ar e apt t o fpoil [12 5] the [ 12 5] an d ef eciall of o u n b e in n ers an d t o make the H , p y y g g ,
fence of ordinary Writers altogether u nintelligible.
the feem at an time n eceffar it mu ft b e If y y y, , For E xpedition fake ; Fo r C onvenience of writing 25 a reat deal in a little f ace and to reven t fe ara g p , p p tion of Words at the end of ine which thou h it L s , g c ann ot b e avoided in Printing ; yet may be m u ch pre
a ramma i Ekw ll , G t k . 6 1 en t ed in Writin t o the n o fmall C ommen dation of v g ,
th Scrib e an d P leafu re of the R eader . e ,
owever Cu ftom hath m ade fom e of thefe C o n H ,
t raction s abfolu tel n eoeffar as fir e. for et cx ter a in y y ; , , ’ 5 ati n fi nif in the re t b u t tis c ommon l u n derfto o d L , g y g ( f ) , y
E lifh r r d o on Viz . or in n fo an d 0 o th or an . g , [ f , , f f viz i . for videlicet or rather vider e licet o u ma ee ; , y y : ’ bu t in E n lifh ti s u fuall written for to wit n am el g , y , , y, f is a f M r an d M rs . o r r a t M r . or a te o th to f y . f ; 10 M iftrifs : The Title b efore the N ames of M en an d
i t . r for ir . n d . . S G 3 Wome ; An S or S t for S a n S .
1 2 6 1 2 6 Thefe C on traction s fa are fo fre u ent bo th in [ ] [ ] , I y , q , Writin an d rint b u t ef eciall in Writin that it g P , p y g , is n ow grown ridicu lou s t o write them i n Letters at 1 5 length. N ow b ecaufe t oo m any C on traction s are t o b e
m et withal in Manu fcri ts or Writin n ot rinted p g , ( p ) I
ma t ex lain them n ot fo mu ch for imitation as P re f p , , i n n f n vent o a d In tru ctio . ,
20 i . f f . e or id e t i n atin that i s in E n li h. ( ) , f , L ; , g
. . i f r e . fo r E xem i ratia v . . Ver b ra tia o ( g ) p l g ( g ) g ,
. i E xam les ake or as or E xa m le. for u a p f , , f p (q ) q f , i w d . u l as t ere. (q . ) for qu a /i dieer et ; as if he fho d
v. fh a or vid . f r v d i a in n n li o i e n t ee i E . f y ( ) ( ) L ; f , g
25 f r er b a A B r en o s n n u m the Yea . C p , p , y ; p , y p
tu h n m . A . . A . f r An o B t e u n dred . or n D om o , y H D ,
mi n i I hI . for M em o o n the Year o ou r or d. dm D , f L
r a n da m n lif ; E g h B e i t rem embred .
A . B f r Ar iu m B a u riu E n lifh B ache . o t acc la s ; g ,
30 r lou of Ar t .
f Ar ts . 12 7 M . i Ma ier o A Ar ti u m IPIa ter E n li h . [ ] g f ; g , f f
'
1 . When y ou fee I. s . d . o b and q . fet o ver S a mm s o f Money ; The
I. ftan ds for L i br ce o u n ds . , P
f r oli i ki lin s . s . o S d l , f g !
O d . for D en ai i en ce. j , P
f o i H a l n o b . or b l e ce. O , f P
f r u a r t s F r t/t in s . . o d an e a q Q , g
i . S o c o mmonl y O. for Qu eft on A for Anfwer
f b i f r u i r . S o l. o ol t on r n b r e t o n . S A O . o c o we j O j , f
1 V r . f r r . 0 r . r V for ha t V. o e o e e C hap . C p e f S o the firft two or three Letters in the Names of
k h Bibl a G en . f r . the B oo in t e e s o G en e is M a t . s , /
ti n s . An d E . r R evela o cclu s fo fo r M a tthew . R ev fo r , [ 1 2 9] E cclefiafticu s ; the N ame [12 9] of a B ook i n the Ap o
1 f . . for a on . V. r D ct . f 5 cryp ha . R R e f o e or D oc
f r r . Xm as o C h i m as . f r r n X t for C hr i t t K . o t i e. f f f
f r r d . n . for ri tian . . or . h u o o X C f . King . L L f D D ke
K . . B i . t f r n i B a r t f r r . B . o t o p for fhop K . gh B a on et
i . f f i t . H . f r H hn e s H ble r . R t . or R gh o g f o Hon ou ra ble 2 i Wll for Wor hi u . L s f r 0 IVp for Worfh p . f p f l p o
IVIa f r IlIa e t . E f r E u i r . L or dfhip s . jty o j f y fg ; o fq e f o l or C lo el. Ca t or or H d for Hon ou r ed . C o n p Op t f
i . er f i u t for eu ten a n t S vt or erva n t . Cap ta i n . L e L S
r f r aid . f Yr s for You s . P d o p dd or deli vered o r 25 f deliver on the ou tfide or S u er cri tion of a etter . , p p L
R eed for R ecei v d . L r f r t r . Acc t for Accomp t . e o L e te f A i r . rs Adm rs for dmi n ftra to s Com or Com miffi on ers .
A f i n . A t for a m n B . o t N . for N ota gt or aga ft mg g/ .
‘
B en e i n E n lifh m a rk well. ; g , 30 Likewife the two or three firft Letters of th e
N f h n h . f r F b . for ames o t e M o t s as Jan or Jan u a . e , , y . ber o l F ebru a r &c . 80 7 bcr for S e tember S r y , p f r d xber for 130 r 9 ber for N ovembe . 130 A n Octo be . [ ] [ ]
f 1 95. December : An d 95 . or 6
for Ca n t r bu r . C . C . C. for Cor u s S o Can t . e y p C i 5 hr ift College. Alfo the two firft Letters of M en an d Womens
Sir - N ame as well as Chriftian N am e are re u en tl s , s , f q y fet for their whole N am es ; b u t m oft c ommonly n ot ab o e the firft or two o r three more of the etters v , L o f th h if ian N am f eciall if it b lon are 10 e C r t e ; e p y e g , fu bfcrib ed in any P erfon s N ames at the b otto m or en d ’ o w amiliarl C n r t th of Letters or Epiftles . S e f y o t ac e
Chriftian N am s of the You th of b oth S exes as N a b e ; , , for Ahigal : S an n y for Alexan der : Ton y for An thon y :
A u tin for Au u tin : An n N an n or N a n c : B a t for 15 f g f , , y
B r : e fo r C lemen t a tholom ew : B en for B enjamin C l m .
r Ki t for C h iftop her : Ka te for Ca ther in e : D an . for
: f r oro th D eb for eb ah : N l for Dan iel D ol. o D y : D or e l
E len or : N ed for E dward : B e s B ett for E liz a beth f , y , ;
F ran k both for F ra n ci s a M an N ame an d for 2 0 , s ,
F ra n ces a Wom ans N ame : 13 1 r e for r e or : 13 1 [ ] G g , G g y [ ] H l rr f : . : a a or en r N a m a for u m hr Jo . , H y , H y p H p y fo r e : o f : Jof p h J f. or Jofhu a : Jemmy for Jam es Jack fo r o n f f r n r J h : Ju or Joan : L en . o eo a d : P a t M a t g L , ,
for M ar tha : IlIat . alfo for M a tthew a Mans N am e : 2 5 ,
P a l di a l for M a r : M e for M ar ar et : rlfad for , , y g , g g , M ar r i f r i N ck o N holas . e . c N a t for N a t an ie g y , , h l
N o l for liver : N ot for Ottowel : P en for en el e O , P op .
P ri for P r i cilla : hil for hili : B o b R obin f, f P , P p , , for R ober t : ick for R ichard : B eck for eb : 30 D , R eckah H odg for R oger : S a m for S a mu el : S imfor S imon 1 S ol for S o lo mo n : S u e for S u a n n a : Tom for Tho m s f , a Tim for Tim othy : Va l for Va len tin e : Pr u e for P r u
'
den ce : Wa t for PVa lter : Wi ll for Wi lliam .
A ftrike or fhort fm all fl at S troke over an Vowel , y ,
5 ftands for n a little lon er for ih as R eiTi eber m ( ) , g ( ) , , y Com m eda tion s : alfo when there are 2 they c om
m o u l are c on tracted int o on e b fu ch a ft ro ke over y y , thu s an d fom e writ e (mi ) with a kin d o f a dafh
o ver it for tion when the en d lon words ef eci ( ) y g , p
10 13 2 all A n d m an Fan taftick C on traction which [ ] y y s , had better b e avoided if we c on fu lt the en d of ,
Writin which is that it m a b e eafil read an d g , , y y
u nderft ood .
P VII. CH A .
' 1 5 Words vu l ar l oken a n d r o l mi taken Of g y fp , g f y f
i n Wr i ting .
S Ax for a s k: exce t for a cce t a fre u ent N if , p , p , q ’ t ake tho a u ite c on trar en ce as if a cce t f r , q y f , p o
exce t : B u ho fo r B i ho : C him l fo r C hi mn e p f p , f p y y
20 C hor les for C har les : du d for did : da n du r for da n , , ,
’ dr i : cen d for en d : cen t for is i t n ot : E xtr ee fo r f , , ,
Axle - tr ee : F ra n ku m en cc for F ra n kin-cen e : F u r mi t f , f y,
fo r F r u m en t : F u t for F oot : a w for ew : im m e y , f , f g ,
or em m e for ive m e : ave for a ve : ri t for g , g g , g g f ,
25 ra t it for et : hu n d u rd for hu n dred : ho w om ever g f ; g , g , f ,
13 3 13 3 o r howz cver for ho w oever : hild for held : H a n [ ] [ ] , f ,
kecher for H a n dk r ie : I m o a ble for i m o ible , e ch f p ff , p ff
la t fo r let : m ou ht m ed for m i ht : IlIeece for Ili ice , g , , g ,
IlIa r acle for IlIir l : n other n ei ther : omm o t fo r , ac e , f ,
30 a lmo t : Wu ts for a ts : 0 for u : w u n for on e . f , O p , p ,
CHAP . VIII .
Words o the b ike S ou n d bu t D i eren t S ehce Of f , fi , a n d Variou s S ellin an d Wr i ti n p g g . A 5 B olu te With ou t exce tion : Ob olete O u t of u fe . f , p f , Acciden ce for Children Acciden ts Chances : All , ; , ,
in n u mb er : A Gobler Awl. Alle n arrow Street s y , A llie or All an affociate : Alla t o affwa e : Allo y , y , g y f ’ M t l k a lou d . a Ba er e a . Allow d a ro ed : To f ea , pp v p
‘ 1 0 S iri : Altar f c c : l. or t or S a ri e Alter t o chan e. An e , fi , g g p
An le a rn r : Ar e lad or C o e or t o An le for Fifh. g , g , g fad : Ai r rom the Sk : eir t o an Eftate : air of , f y H H
the d : r ha i h n r o r low ea a e t t s u ted. To E a H H , , P
the rou n d : er e in this lace : To ear with the G H , p H ’ H 2 1 5 E a Ar r o ws r : Year o r 1 2 M nths : E r or b ore. , o e , ef ,
13 6 13 6 t o fhoot withal : Aro e did ari e Arras ri c h [ ] [ ] f , f , ,
Ha r i n in s : H arr a s t o tire ou t or wear . A a n g g f , , y y
B at l h E r r an d t e : Arra Cloat in . Ar r a n t N otoriou s : y , g , , M hers Bu fin efs on e oe ab ou t . Au n t a Fathers or ot g s , 2 A en t 0 Si ter : An t a P ifmire. A cen t or oin u : f , f , g g p ff , - V n . A a e A reement . Ar k of N oah : Ar ch An el e g g fp ,
m ou s S er ent : H a for a oor : A a t o t r : E a p fp D ff y y ff y, l a Tr ia l attem t or fhort Difcou rfe. A i tan ce he : , p ff f , p
i A a du ll B eaf : As for E am le A tan ts hel ers . s t ff f , p f , , x p , 25 like A k a Tree Ask t o en u ire : Ax t o H ew with : ; f , , , q ,
- l ir. Acts eeds . Adieu Fare we l : Adoo reat S t , D , , g
B
B achela u r of Arts : B achelor a M an u n married. ,
B a con S win e Flefh dr ed : B eacon on a i ll : To , s y , H B ad a Mark or Token : B a tch 30 B ecken or N od at . , g , , , B a s or au r l : B a z a o rt of Clo th . 1 of Bread . e y , L y , f i h B ail fecu rit : B a le or ack. B a ll t o la w t , y , P , p y 7 B a wl to c r o u t : a ld that 13 7 hath lo t his Hair. 1 3 , y B , [ ] f [ ] h k f n B n aked : B a n d for t e N ec : B on d or Mo e . a re , , y ,
B ea r a wild B eaft : To bear or fu ffer : B eer t o drin k : 5 , ,
B r f ds : B er r B ier to c arr dead Cor on . u e o oo , y p s y G y
- B h B a Vile : B a s Viol . of a Tree : u r t e ead. e y D f , f B ar k of a Tree : B ar k like a D o : B ar u e or fmall g q ,
Shi . B ar ri ter a C ou nfellou r at the B ar : B ar r a tou r p f , ,
l l B a ttel or B ttail a Fi ht : 10 a tro u b efome Wran er. a g , , g
T B e i s are B ee o a ttle or i et in a C olle e. B , D g , , ; ,
H a B v r a that athereth Hon e . B iever a fine t : e e g y , ,
af B i s u nches : B ellows t o R e t b etween M al . ell e a p e s , P bl f v B eech ow with B era de l e : Bewra di c o er. e . y , fi y , f , B i ter 15 t o entreat : B e i e e t o b efet with S oul diers . t f g , , l n ot fw et B u r il wl . B lu e o r : B lew e : itto , a W d Fo , C o u ,
did B low. A B in t o k e Bread or C orn i n : B een e p , w a t w i r : T B oi or the. A ere. A B le or o o l S ee f , , S e ,
B ole or u m : A B oll t o w afh i n : A B owl to dri nk , L p in B - 20 : A oa t t o trun dle. B oar an H ee S win : To or e , e B
n l n l h H3 1 3 8 a Ho e. A B ook t o read i : A [138] B u ck of C oat s ; [ ] or the B u ck or Hee of feveral C reatu res as eer , D , [ o t R abbit c . To B ow or B en d : A B owe to b o s , & , with B ou hs or B ran h s : To B ou z e or u a : or ; g c e , Q ff B B r 25 drink exc efli vel . To reed or en en der : A ede y , g
k : h of Sil : B read t o eat r ed Edu c ated or b ro u t u . B , , g p
h B r each a s B o Lad : B u o of an An c or. es y , y , G p ,
Divili ons : B reeches that Men wear. B ru i t a R u , ,
B u l at lo e B u llets m o u r : B ru te B eaft . la ce r e S : , , g s , w w rate r r w or 30 e fhoot . B u rrou h a To n or o : u o g , c p B ,
hol w l T B u with M n : B th B e. lo P ac e. o y o ey y e y C
Ca u l or S u et : To Ca ll b N am e : A Ca wl like a , y
t r r n r N et for eriwi s . Cen au o Cen tor a e b : , P g y y , H
Cen tu r 3 1 0 0 Y ears . S en ti n el n o t Cen tr n or y , ; ( y ,
5 tr a rivate u ldi r n th h S en S o e u o e Wat c . Cen er y , ) p p f ,
an O c er : Cen u r e or R e roof : A Cen or for In c n f . ffi f , p f e e
ar r Vic u al : C h r u a d b m r C he o t s ee n e e r . Claws p , y
r nd r ou n d : o f Birds : C la u fe of a S en ten ce. Cella u e Gr
1 3 9 13 9 S eller o f Wares . C hair to fit o n : C hare little [ ] [ ] , 1 ’ 0 f h u rf d n e l d . o dd B u in efs . C as d u e : C ha t u d fi e , p f ,
h u m k h i Coat r o u t C hews t e d : C hu e a c o ce. o C f , e ,
ward armen t : To u ote o r ite an A u thor . C holer G Q C ,
- fu l An er : Co llar N eck ban d . Com m on u a : Co mm u n e g , , ,
d l . o r t alk to ether. Coold ma e co d : Cou ld was able g , ,
1 5 Cou hin a ftrainin of the u n : A Co n for a g g , g L gs ffi
d ad r vi : h - f e B ody . Cou n fel o Ad ce T e Co u n ci l Hou e.
To Coz en or c heat : A Co n i n an ncle or Au n t , f , U s,
h r d d B o d : ou r n ot S on or au ter . Coa e a ea C e D g f y / ,
fine. C u r ren ts S treams : Coran ts a Fru it : Cu r ran t , ,
20 Mo Can n n or r at u Ca n n a hu r h ne . o G n : o C c y , g e ,
’ did are : A C rd t w rk r la R u le. Ca r d o r c a o o o , , p y
w . ith Colo u r Bl u e R ed &c . A Cu ller o n e that , , , , ’ h h f i fin icketh an d c ufet . Ca n did a r c ere : Can d d p , , y
w h wl : A Or e f r on . Cau e it S u ar . Cr o w a Fo o o g , I f ,
25 fion : a c n diti n Cea e l ave ff : S ei e la o cc a C e o o . e o f , f , f , y
h n A C ham ion on e that ht old on : S iz e bi efs . , g p , fig s
140 for an oth er : 140 C ha m ai n lain O en Fields. C m [ ] [ ] p , p p g
ball a Mu li c al Inftr u ment : S m bol a Mark or S i n . , y , g Crown er or Cor o n er an f c er in u irin aft er M u rder : , , O fi q g
30 - did r w lik a A Cor n er or B e lace. Crew or C o e , y p , du in E ff c ts : C ock : Oru e C om an . Ca u es ro c e , p y f , p g
1 n h E r h the Yern t o it : Yarn Wo olle t read . a t , p y , ,
n him n E l r n a Tre : E lder rou d : H ear th of a C e . de e G y , , ’
f 2 w il fi n . 142 m ore old . E rr mi take : E r e 14 a h e ce [ ] , , [ ] E n ou h fu fficient a l ed t o u an tit or u alit is g , ; pp y q y q y , 5 join ed t o the Singu lar N u m b er ; as Meat E n ough E n ow den otin N umb er as m en en ow oin ed t o the , g , ; j
E h h Tree. lu ral N u mb er . we a S e S e : Yew a P , e ep ,
E xorci e t o C on u re : E xer ci e lab ou r or di verfion . f , j f ,
F
10 F a in lad : F ei n C ou nt erfeit : F air Beau ti u l , g g , , f
Al fo F a i r or Market : F are iet alfo C oach - ire or , , D , H
n F r h a road : Waterid e : F ea r a P affion of the Mi d. o t b g , ,
F i vil S irit : F i s of F o u r th in N u mb er . ends e s n , , p ’ Fi h : F in d o btain : F in e b rave : or a m u lct Fi n d f , , ,
1 5 for Alderm an : F lea a ort of Vermin : To F lee or , f ,
f h ki F a Bird F i a e ca e : F la t e S n off . l as : l e p y y ,
fmall Infect . F lower of th e Fi eld : F lo u r of Meal : F l h l F ri x ot : F r z t o on ea . loor of a R o om . e C ee C , , g - - F F Fi r Tree : F arr o wn . o wl reat Bird : o u l or G , g s , 20 h h . F n Filt it r0 ortio ed : Fi ht ou t or did ht. y , p p g , f g , fig
’ 143 F u r rs fin e hair S kins : F u rz a ftifi 143 rickl [ ] , y , [ ]p y
F r m f r F r hru . o d u A S b A o Wo s : A o m to fi t on .
F f h - en ce or In clo u re in t e F en s or Marfh rou n d. A , G
File of S o u ldi rs or to F ile or ru b with a F i le: A e ; ,
2 5 F oil a fmall overthrow n ot a fai r F a ll alfo Acc er , ; ; ,
for au m a w f F r B e t c o red with or e or c on trar . o e y y , p , y ,
F Col F l be or e former ou r a N u mb er. F oa l a t : oo f , ; , , ,
a fill Fellow. F lax to m ake in en of: F lakes thin y , L ,
b road article fu ofe of ron . F old wra t o ether : P s ( pp ) I , p g 30 F ’ f oal d or b rou ht orth a C olt . , g G
en tile H an dfo me : en tle mild : en tiles H ea G , G G ,
thens : en tles Ma ot . au n tlet a S ou ldier u f G , gg s G , s B f ,
r ron love : t o ru n the G a n tlo a wa of cou r in o I G p , y S g g
l r e a ia f h d r 5 S ou diers . G e tu C rr e o t e o : Je ter o f , g B y f , Witt P erfon who c au feth au hter : G u e s think y , L g f ,
i i n f w ld G u e t a Fri en d . u lt n C o cien ce : i lt ith o f , G G G f Cl ter to b e i n e ted u the Fun damen t . r oa n or yf , j c p G ,
ri ef: r own in Y ear . ar d 144 the reat H em 144 G G s G , [ ] g [ ] ’ of a arment : The Kin s u ard . a lle s Shi with 10 G g G G y , p s
C ars : allo ws t o Han on . roat or Fou r ence : G , g G , P ’ t d ft o : ho or irit ard n rot or C ave. G o o G t S e G , f g f , p G for Herb or Flow r : u ardia n one tru fted with a s e s G ,
d r Fatherlefs Child . A re o r B a e : A r e hou n d G y, g G y ; f h 15 b u t ra a C olou r. G u n t o o ot with : on e G y , , G , w ent away . H
H a h To ake or S it : H awk a Bird of re . e H p , P y , a difh m ade of c old Meat : ar h r ou h : Ha tch of a H f , g
oor : To Ha tch Chicken . To ale or ull : all or 20 D s H , p H ,
u blick R o om : ai l ro m the Sk : Ai l or b e Ill. p H f y ,
ar t or eer : ear t in the od : Ar t Skill Ar t H , D H B y , ; ,
thou art . ell a lac e of Torm en t : H eel of the Foot H , p ; ’ l a ou n d e l h l w n r d ea W e e wil . erd of S i e ea H ; H , H ; H , i Shi 2 5 or d d hear ar d as a S ton e. a ven for s ; H H , p ;
eaven a lace of lor . H t o make hafte i h H , p G y y, ; H g ,
l . i r han 14 lo t t al Hir e Wa e he t 5 ou . 145 f y , , g s ; H g [ ] y [ ] allo w or m ake H ol ollow em t H alloe o r H , y ; H , p y ; ,
- olloo to hau l o r cr alou d as u n t men do . ole H , , y H s H , b ored thr ou h Whole or inti re ol S acred oll 30 g ; , ; H y , ; H y,
a Tree Wholl alto ether . H ome at one own ; y , g , s 1 K ou fe t o m what Man o lm oll . oo for a ; , ; H , H y H p , V f t ll e fel Whoo o Ha oe or cr alo u d. oar or ; p , , y H ,
White Froft H oar or ra - headed Whore a u ean ; y, g y ; , Q ,
“ arlot or Str u m et o u r or f ace of time Ou r H , p ; H , p ; , 5 wn . f h o ead o t e B od Take eed . er e a Beaft H , y ; H H / , ; b m k oar e with a C old . u m le ee Vm ble of a H / H , ;
ri in eer . ea n iv E ar to er in a Fifh m n D H g , g g ; H g , . Hy , d Chi k n a S on H im that man . en s an c e ro m g ; , H s ; f
Hen ce. I
I m felf E e to fee with R e a Walk in a , y ; y , ; , ’ Chu r h I l f r will I te an Iflan d alad c l o S O l. ; , I ; f , ; g
Idle floathful Idol or fai e G od. Inci te ftir u , ; , f , p ; i u n I n i ht kill in B u fi n efs . I n en o s Witt I en u ou s f g , s g , y ; g ,
I 146 15 a I m l c on tain r im ort I m oo d 14 6 n tu red. o [ ] g [ ] p y , , p ;
lo t o fet o n work. I n n for Travellers I n within p y , , ; ,
I a iftem er itch or catch hold t his lac e. tch D p , p ; H ,
d n th n h : J u B t l . erkin o r in . Ju e o e B e c o t e J g g , ,
fhort C oat Jer kin or Whi in . ; g , pp g
K
Ken n el for o s Ca n a l or middle of a Stream . , D g ; ,
- Ki ll or M u rder A Brick or ime Ki ln . K n ave , ; L , difhon eft man N a ve of a C art -Wh eel K n i ht a , , ; g , Keen Title o f onou r N i ht an d D a Ki n . Kin dred H ; g y ; , ,
ar fh p. L
ati n Ton u e L a tten a ort of Ti n . a mb or L , g ; , f L ,
ou n Sh e t o am m or b eat . a m e on e that y g e p ; L ; L ,
l e or f ear t o au n ch a Shi . A a s ha ts . L an c , p ; L p L f , make Sho es 30 ou n M aid or D am ofel. A L a t to y g , f ,
1 h M a n e M ain reat c ie as the IlIain O cean . To ; , g , f;
M a n u r e the rou n d b elon in to the M an n ou r - H ou fe G g g , A M after t his m an n er . a D efcri tion of a Town or p , p u M o wafh wi M ar h C o n tr A o t a R oom h . c t at y ; p , t ,
5 breed C olts M ai or or M a or of a Cit b u t M a or s ; , y y ; j
in A M ar d f oiled orru t d M arri ed an rm . r e c e y , p , p ; ,
n r M r Marifh M oo la oi ed in M a ri a e. a h or a r e j g f , , y p c ; M r h hir n h a ch t e t d o t or th ouldiers m ar . , M ; e S ch
1 49 149 M a s a ro s lu m of an thin Ill a t of a [ ] [ ] f , g f p y g ; / 10 h f h M il -T r f Shi M a t a ib ert . T e an t ree or c o s p ; y/ , t L y ,
Beam of a Chimn e To ItIa n tle roth alfo an u er y ; , f ; pp
loofe Garment . The M ac e c arried b efore the Mai or ;
lf S ic . r a M xt a o a e M c h o M a h i u re for a Horfe. p f , f ,
° A M c s of Meat or otta e. !Meda l a ort of C oin f P g , f
15 To m eddle or have t o do with. M e a e E rran d , ff g , ;
n a - M edlar a ru i M e u a e Ten eme t or F rm H oufe. F t f g , , , ;
M n a kin of Gu ord r M eddler a B u f b od . elo d o , y y ,
P u m kin M illi on Ten hu n dred thou fan d 1 000 000 . p ; ,
M ea t Food M eet fit c onvenien t To m ete or meafur e. , ; , , ; , 2 f h hm M 0 M eeter tt er M etr e Ver e o r R t e. ettle c ou , fi ; , y ,
ra e M etal oi an m i n era l as B rafs Steel . M ile g ; y , , ,
10 00 ace o r Ei ht Fu rlon s . To m oil or lab ou r P s , g g , , m u h h M i ht o w r IlIi te an n ect in C heefe c ard. e , g , P ; , I f ; l h l M i r n d f n di a o t e fm a left C oin . n d o U er ta n f , g ;
2 5 M in e b elon in t o me al o a M in e of old Sil ver , g g ; f G , , f o i he E &c . M oa t or on d rou n d a H ou e M te n t e , P ; y ;
M r i I 3 150 M oan or am ent M own 1 50 rafs . ou n n [ ] , L ; [ ] G g ,
am nt ation M orn in an d Ni ht . M or ter to b eat in L e ; g g , ;
M or tar m ade of ime &c . M ower he that m ows , L , , ;
30 M ore or l fs Fl oor 3. Black al o t o m oor a Shi . e ; , ; f p To m owe down Grafs or C orn ; A M o w (fo u n ding M ou ) a lI V w 1 R ick of C orn or Ha . r ole a ermin orkin y , , g u n der Gro u n d ; alfo a Mark or Spot i n the Face or Bod likewife a eer or Bank or Fen fe made u y ; P , p l a ainft the S ea. I i old t o C aft an thin i n M ou ld g , y g ; , fi h ne cru mblin g E art ; To m ou ld or Kn ead B read. To m u e or ftu d M ews o r m u es for awks S ea -m ews f , y ; , H ; , - - h or Water Bird . M u el a Shel fif M u ele a m ovin s ff , ; f , g
ar f th Bo d To m u z z l or f 0 th h t o e e t e Mou t . p y ; , p
N
N a n o N ei h like a H orfe N i h n ear N a u ht H y , ; g , ; g , ; g , O b ad N ou ht n othin N ether or n ea ther lower N either ; g , g ; , ; , n on of them N i ece or N eece a B rother o r Si ters e ; , f
au hter N ice c u riou delic a e. N e h o r 1 51 N a h 1 51 D g ; , s , t f , [ ] f , [ ]
ten der e emin ate. For the N on ce o n u r ofe N on es , ff , p p ; , f f h on th af r h m n or fir t art o t e M te t e R o an Acc o u t . p ,
0
Ow or i ndebted Oh alas !a N ote of B em oan O, , ; ,
in or E xclaimin . H oe or fa ou fo al o H o g g O, , y y ; f ,
o laimin w h after a N o te of r c as H o Yes . it if P g , , ( ) , a Word of A ction as t o cu t B u t o with a fin le 20 , f, g h f b efore t e Word it b elon t o as the F ear o G od . ( ) , gs , f ’ i f e u nc e in We ht nce o n e tim . n e s o On as O g ; O , e O , ;
’ ‘ n e s Bod n e the firft N u mb r Own t o ao O y ; O , e ; , ’ kn o wled e as o ne own . Oar to R ow with Ore g s , ; , ’ u n re n ed Metal . Ore or O er for over. n io n a fi , , O ,
C n . R oot Vn ion a reement . Oa t or a ts or u ht ; , g O , O g ,
t o do an thin Ou t witho u t . rder R u le C ou rfe y g ; , O , ,
du r u n di mmon rd or Method. r e . r n ar c o O O , D g O y , ;
na r o r lac e of Entertainm en t . r di n an ce or a y, p O p
a ramma i . Ekw ll , G t k - 1 p oin tment ; a Piec e of Ordn an ce for War . at
diftan c e An d oncerni n . ; , Of, c g
[ 1 52] P
o he M u h a a llet B d. a lli te t o Pa la te f t o t ; P e P a ,
' k ir or M at h as a a ir 5 c over or cloa Crimes . A a c P , ; P of Gloves ; P a re the R in d off a Pea r for a Peer or
ord : i er or eer a aven or Fenc e a ainft the S ea. L P P , H , g
Pan es of Glafs ; Pa i n s or Lab ou r ; Pa n s of Brafs . Pai l f f for Water a le or Wan al o a Fen c e. ar on o ; P , ; P /
1 n P a ra it Fla rer 0 the P arifh P er on a m an . e a tte ; f , y f , f for Victu als a r ri cide the Mu rder o a Father . P ara ; P ,
hr a e a lain n ter ret ation P eri hra e when On e p f , P I p ; p f ,
ff m n w r i i n a hin is ex re ed in a ords . a t t o s a t g p y P , ,
Wall eti ti on o r u mble R e u eft . a ten t en as ; P , H q P , Op ,
1 5 the Kin s etters a ten ts P a ti n s or P a tten s that g L P ; , ,
m e we r r ki of w d h P a ti n Wo n a o a n d oo en S oes . e ce , ,
t he race of S u eri n a tien ts u n der the P h fic ian s G ff g ; P , y
C ure. P a ws of a on P au e a fto or fta in , Ly ; f , p y
f ak n P a t r a She h rd or Minifter P a u r e i . o e t e p g f , p , ; f
2 0 fo r B eafts . iece or eece art a G u n eace P , P , p , ; P ,
f P 1 5 r lf i i h 15 3 u ietn e s . ea e 3 o eas P u e o e We t [ ] q f , [ ] P , ; P / , g
o i a f k. f a Clock. A P eft l an d M ort r ; a P eftle o Por
la ce Station S ace or R o om laice a Ff h leas P , , p , ; P , f ; P ,
in aw d l la a am a L t o P lea e or e i ht . A e ; f , g P y, G ; 25 V l f t a lea or defen c e. rice or a u e riz e t o e P , P , ; P , V alu e alfo a B o ot R ewar d ri es looks in to . P ole ; y , ; P , ,
- a l n k l th ead . To or e o Stic as H o o les . o l e g ; p P P , H P , o r fix the Ey es u pon a thing ; alfo U n difc ern able little
oles in the Skin of o u r B o dies called or es : oor H , P P 30 in f i r u . a r E tat e . ower M ht an d ou o t e l o P , g ; P P ,
1 k A R e d or an e that r w in Wa rom the S . e C o f y , g s ter : t o R ead a Book B u t have R ead a B ook is ; I ,
T n the ame ou nd with a R ed C ol ou r. R ack orme t f f , ,
VVr hi r r h R ice a ck of a S : R ake o Sc a e t o et er. p p g , 5 Corn R i e with a h ard lon ori in al advan c ement : ; f , g (f) , g f b u t Ris e with fhort foft s when o ne li t u himfelf. , ( ) , s p
R each o r S tretch a miferable Wr etch R ich Wealth . ; ; , y
R an ker more R amifh fu ll of hu rtfu ln efs R a n cou r , , ; ,
v m n ai in s of i n eterate hatred . R ea o n s Ar u e t R f , g s ; f
' 1 h n R e t lee E af the Refi du t o Wre t 0 t e S u . S e e f , p , , ; f ,
R in R u n d thin r in t wiltin b Force. a o W g y g , g ; g,
f u eez e R C orn Wr or awr crooked. R o t he q ; y , ; y, y , , foft or har d Milt of a Fifh ; a R oe - B u ck ; A R ow o r
B ank of Trees Al o t o R o w with ar R a w or ; f O s ; , P 15 Bloo d R u or laited B an d to R u at C ar ds y ; ff, P ; ]? ; f n f A fin le r do l R ou h ru ed c ou r e ot mooth . o u b e g , gg , , g 1 56 R ial a S an ifh C oin R o a l Kin l R eal 1 5 6 [ ] ; p , y , g y ; , [ ]
fin cere in earn eft . R ai er hee that raifeth R az or , f , ; ,
or B a or a fhavi n Inftru men t . R oot of a Tree f , g ;
2 l n h i 0 abb e. R u t e ll Wr u n h an d R ou t o r R Be s s . , g s , g H f t R ime a Mi t Rh hm e Verfe or Metre. B Ro te , ; y , y ,
b eart withou t R u le R eafon or B ook Wrou ht y H , , , ; g ,
k d n or did work o t or id wri o w Wor o e Wr e d t . R el , ; , e
of a u r R u le t o walk b Sp ; y .
S
A Bill of S ale t o S a il as a Shi . S carce hardl ; p , y ;
S car s C u t or Wo un ds healed u in the Skin . S cho , s p w r h Main lars ho learn S cu lle s little B oats. S ea t e , ; , , ’ n f hold cea S ee A Bi ho s Ju rifdiction . S ee or be O ; , p , ; 3 f k f hin 0 S a or ea S e a ort of S tu for Cloat . y, p ; y, ff g S a vio u r o u r ord Jefu s S a ver he that aves S a vou r 1 , L ; , f ; ,
' tal or fmell S a er m ore fa e S a h re a reciou s t ; f , f ; p y , p S t laid lan ted S ects Fa tion s S ex Male Ston e. e c , , p ; , ; , t S en e as eelin S n ce o f a rd . S n o r Female. F e Wo ce f , g ;
or S mell S en t t o an lace. S a ws to S aw with S aw 5 , y p ; , S f m 57 or [157] did fee ; S au ce for Meat . eam o a Gar ent ; [1 ] To B u an d S l ll a S ea m or S aim o s Fat . e l Ce , H g y ; , f C ave u n der rou nd. S eat t o it on ecei t heatin . G , ; D , c g S har e art divide S hear cli S hire or C ou nt , p , , , p ; , y ;
'
S heer u ite ofi S hee C attle a B eaft S hi at S ea. 10 q ; p , , ; p
A C ommon S hekel rom S helan in eb rew a Shil , (f g H ,
S i a du ll lin A S ickle to R ea with. low n ce g) ; p P , ; S loe the Fru it of a black thorn bu fh S lou h old , ; g ,
- - Skin or Mir lace. S hittle C ock a Weavers S hu ttle , y p , ;
S oot with a G u n S t ke a 15 S u btil u nn in . h hou m a , c g ; ,
reat N oife to ha t the oor . S hew t ell S hoe for g ; [ D , ; w h . v S o hu S o t e Foot S i n k do n Cin u e fi e. t s w ; q , , ;
S eed S ew Cloth S o u l of the B o d S o le of the Feet ; ; y ; ,
or alon e S oa l a Fif h. The S eal of a etter t o Ciel ; , L ; a R oo m : S ole a kin d of Fifh B ou h an d S o ld : S oled 20 , g t
o l . fhoes : or S oles pu t o n . S u mm of M on ey ; S m e Peop e
S u ccou r hel S u cker a o u n S ri . S u n that , p ; , y g p g , f a h S oon u ickl S o wn hines S on of Fat er. as ; , , q y ; ,
C orn S wou n d o r Tran e S o u n d 158 o r N oife. 158 K ; , c ; , [ ] [ ] S o wre or fhar S or e ain ful S ower of S eed S oar 2 5 , p ; , p ; , ; , l d w S i t o fl a o t S wore id S ar. ht of the E y f ; , e g yes ; t f mm n u t e S ite or cit u a i Ci e u o or o S t on . S li ht , , q ; , g , ef if i t an d d p e ; S le gh of H . A S lead t o drag things on ;
A S led e or hu e ammer. A S i n or Mark : to g , g H g , S in with the Vo ic e : an d t o i n i n h 30 g f ge t e Flame. S to d f d : S t f o did tan u d a mall o . S tr ai ht even , , P ft g , I u ickl : S trei ht diftrefs er lexit : the S tr ei hts q y g , , p p y g ,
w . n ior the Eld r : S i i r or n arro S eas S e e e n o a ord . , g , L
S i th feein that S i the t o mow with t o eethe or , g ; , ; f ,
f S o f b oil : S eeth or doth ee. ak o a C art : S ake , p p ,
5 o i l k S ar a Wea on : S ir e - Min S ke or d d ea . e t p , p p , p p ,
n b : ar or fav H e tar es or look a er to e e. H fp , f , s
ri hted : S tar es Birds fo c alled : S tai rs to o u b : f g , g p y
Ox : t S tars in the Sk . A S teer or o u n t o ea r a y , y g [
hi S t u e r ma e Effi i s or i tu r S t tu r S . at o e c es : a e p , I g , g P ,
10 hei ht or bi n efs ro ortion : S tatu te Law . S ca in g g , p p , f ,
S ci in or S eiz u r e as iver o r P offeffio n of art / , , L y , p ,
S i i th 1 5 i ld v [ 159] for the whole. t le n e [ 9] F e s t o go o er :
S t le or m ann er of Writin . S u r e c ertain : S u er or y , g , ,
u tor for re erm ent or M arria e or Wo er : S u i t in f , P f g ,
15 Law or of Cloaths or to a ree with : S u et of B ee , , g , f
or Mu tton . S tea ks b ro l ed or fr ed Fl fh : S takes , y y e
i n t h d r S i hs r roan : e e e : A take or Wa e . o H g f , g g G s
S i thes t o mow with . S ows Female S win e : S ou e , , / ,
or ickled Entrals as Tri e. S tri cter m ore ftri c t : A p , p ,
20 S tric tu re or Bindin : ei z ed taken in to offeffion : g f , p
Cea ed iven o ver. S ice t o Relifh with : S i es t o f , g p , p ,
difcover. S er i ou s rave fob er : S er ou s Whe ifh , g , , y ’ ’ S ou ht did feek : a w t did fee it S d her or did g , f , ; p y , ' k f her : A S ider s Web . To wee or ma e clean py p f p , :
2 5 a wi o w u a er S i fix : i V fh e t dra W t . e S z e arn i f p , p f , , ,
or ro ortion . S ta le o r ftan din C omm o dit : S ta le P p p , g y p
h t f rf S to of t e Door : S able or H o es : pp le for B ottles .
S alve a P laifter : ave or defen d. S a tan the evil : , f , , D
t fm i k f if S o hiru r n S a in o oth S l en tu . u r e n or C eo , g , g , K 2 160 30 that cu res Wo u n ds : S er ean t or rather S er e 1 60 an t [ ] g , j [ ] L A h f n at aw or at rm or hee t at Arre t eth me . , s ;
1 u llin it re u en tl . To wer or ftro n B u ildin To p g f q y , g g :
To u r o r fl hi h . To l Trib l e u te : Toll the B e l. Tra ck , y g , ,
F o t-ft e s : Tr a t r Tr a ti t o p c o e fe : Trea y of Peace. A
K 3 I G2 Woo den Tr e : 162 an d Tra r m h o N u b er t ree. Tu r [ ] y [ ] y,
5 ba t T kifh n a ur C a : Tu r bot a S eafif h . Thro n e a , p , , i f at l Ti l h K n s t e C hair : Thro wn c aft . es o f t e H u f : g y , o e
To les to c atch Wild B eafts : t o Toil an d IlIoil or y ,
b u r h r h i a o a d Then at t at t me : Tha n in C om arifon . L ; , , p
V
Va ca tion or leifu re : Vocation c allin : Van e o f , , g ,
a Stee le : Vain or dle : Vein of the Bod . Vial p , I , y ,
a Glafs : Vi ol a Mufical Inftru men t . Va lu e or rice : , , P
V i v Va lle b etween ills : Voll of S hot . e l a C o erin y H y , g V Va le a alle : Vi ta ls n ot Vi ctu als . , y ,
W
lVa i n declin in of the M oon : Wa n ale of a , g , P
f W i t on s middle : ic kl look : an d or ridi n R od. Wa e y , g f ,
'
PVa te defolate : Wa t wert : al o a War t on the an d. / , f , f H
Wea l or u blick ood : Wheel of a C art : t eal o r , p G
' ' 20 im le : Wild u ntam ed : Wi le c raft : Weild a S word P p , , , ,
1 6 d f K n t r u e W re M rchan 1 63 diz e 3 Weal o e o S x . a e [ ] , ff , [ ] Wei h or tr IVear an d Tear Wer e as ou were. , ; , y g , y Wa le r a i n a B alanc e : Wa that we walk in . e y , , g t
Thr ad in Stuff : Wa il o r B ewail : lVaits he waiteth e , ,
' d - a Wir e Wa its the C it Mu fick. Wi er a Floo te , y , G : , Who e b elon of old Silver Brafs ro n Steel &c . G , , , I , , f , g dl lVicket in t o whom : o e for e s . lVicked u n o : g H f L g , g y ,
l W er e were t h ? m m t o et a ittle hal or. h e f Do y , g
a m Win d that bl ws : Wi n e of ra es . a or Wa er. o G e , g , G p w l d n 1 Witch that b e itcheth : t ich that . Voa i , , , Dy g C ft uff : Wood Timb er Fewel. Wo mifer : Woe o u rt , , , y , ,
or t o b e a S u iter . A R a o r fmart blow on th ate p , e P
wr f To a r ld u . or ead. o o H p , p
Y 5
e rf n f k n to in th l al u Yea Y e P e o s o e e u r N mber. , p P
h f rf n a . v Y es . t fir t P e o s am Yet n e erthelefs I , e , , I , ; ’
Yea t B arm : Is t for i i . o h I t as It is . s t Y u t ou , , f , , , , ,
Yo E o f x n . o n ce. lk of : Y ak o e Y u r b elon i y , ggs O , g g to ou : Yore in Old time : E wer a 16 1 fmall n ecked 10 164 y , , [ ] [ ] ’ P ot b rou ht to P erfon s of u alit s Tables a ter the , g Q y , f V i o der t o ou r Water u on their an ds o ver a B afin . , p p H
Vr e f V m ak u e C u tom : E ws Female S hee . s e or e , , p , f f - o . Yi d fu mi i d a ild H all W oll n el b t : u l s u . o e , G , G
Yarn : To Yern c ommiferate or it . , , p y
C . HAP IX .
ro er an d Comm on N a m es o the like S ou n d bu t P p f , f difier en t Or thograp hy . A
B el a Man Name : Able fufficient . Achor a , s , ,
Valle : Acre o f an d : Acorn o f an O ak : A u u r y L , g , Ab A o r S ou thfa er : An re to b ore oles . ba t or bbot y g , H , , m n in i i ta . Al a relat e of Monks . Abet : t o a ce a P ,
Woman N ame. Aloes a Bitter ru . s , D g
B
ads rou n d thin ftrin d B ede a Man N ame : e e . , s B , gs g The To wer of a 1 65 bel or C onfu fion : to B a ble 165 B [ ] , , [ ] l B a bble or rate : a B a wble o r To for Children . A , P , y
B a r on or N oble - man : B ar r n n r i f l B r e u u t u . a ba a , , f r ,
a Wo mans N am e : B a r bar a C ou n tre : A er berr y, y B y
- T . B r fhir u B n ree e k e ; b t ark or Ri d of a Tree .
C
in Man m Ca a s N a e : Ca n e or R eed. Callis a , , ,
Cit in F r a n ce : Cadiz r on ou n ced Ca les a Cit in y , p , y
S a in : C halic the C u in th m h e Sacra en t . T p , p e e
Ca itol the m ain C aftle in R om e : Ca ita l C rime p , p ,
w h i it in u : i ort o f eath. C h che ter a C S ex C y D f , y ff
ce ter for Ciren ce ter a Town in Glo c efterfhire. Cox f , f , ,
a M an s N m : k h w a e Coc s t at C ro .
D
’ Da u p hi n of F ra n ce : or the Fren ch Kin g s eldeft ! O : iz es a To wn in Wiltfhire : S on o l hin a Fifh . ev D p , D ,
evices Tri cks : ie a Town in F r a n ce latel b u rn t D , D p , , y
ifh d . A ee Well . A S anifh D on or ord : on e fin e D p p , L D ,
E ther a Wo man s N ame : E a ter da a Feftival : f , f y ,
66 h f a E t n a 1 Ye terda t e da 166 b e ore t o d . a o [ ] f y, y [ ] y ,
T wn : a o E a ten is e t u . , p
F ran cis a Man s and F ran ces a Woman N am e , , , s w n Fr b u t F r an k c o mmo n t o b oth as ell as F ra n k a d ee . , ,
G od o u r C reat or an d P referver : oad a lon , , G , g
lf V t u rickin Staff. r a ce a Woman s Nam e a o ir e p g G , ; , o ! t O i n th e S ou l : r as e t o eat r a s : r eece a C o u n tr . G , G f G , y
r i th a Welfh N ame : Gr hin a fo u r le ed Bird G ffi , yp , gg w l ur . o r Fo l . r en e a Man N am : reen a C o o G , s e G ,
er od a Kin : H erau ld an f cer at Arms . H , g , O fi
u H V f l : H u -an d h a M an s N ame. u e i a e C o ou r H g , , g ,
1 Thamar a Woman N ame : Tam er or more t ame. , s ,
' m n n W r on h l Wa lter a a ame. a te e f t e ou r E e , s , o f
m n s r i e t s , a Fi e , A r , an d Wat er.
- ’ Ven u s a N ame : a Ven ice Glafs . Vz Job s , , 5 C C n a . o u n t r : Vs we. Wa les a o u tre : W lls of a Cit y , , y , y
Vi ier r u n r h a u rk Viz z ard or Vice o de t e re t T . f , y , G ,
t o hid th Fa : Vi r C n n a c T re a e e ce a e o ou te n e. f g y ,
C ou n tre : T er o r on e that Ti e : t o Ti re or Wear . y y , s , y
hi li a Nam e : t o Fi lli with the Fin er. P p , p g
10 N o w ollow the Ta bles o Words 0 o ten r e erred to f f , [ f f
i n this B ook u n der evera l H eads . , f
T B A LE I .
d r d li h i (g) fou n s ha ke (g ee) befor e (e) an d ( ) .
N eld ee e et be et or et tar et to ether g , g / , g , g , f g , g , g ,
15 a n er co n er eel ea er vi n e er n er ha n er g , g , ( ) g , g , fi g , g ,
hu n er lin er lon er m ea er mon er tri n er g , g , g , g , g , f g ,
tr on er homo en eal hetero en eou s : A n d when the f g , g , g (g) is dou bled in an w ord the m u ft b oth b fou nded y , y e
ik h do r h u h i hard l e e as da er e &c . t o e or , (g ) gg , gg , g ( ) ( )
20 oll w u in r eth ed a Tun an d in er eth o . B t e e f f g , , , ; f g , ,
f win r t with a R a d ed the air off . Al o e e h ed o e n , H f g , , , p , win er eth ed t o b eat mu ch C an n ot b e diftin u ifhed f g , , , ; g o n e fro m the other b u t b the en c e the etters bein , y f , L g
t he fame : For fou n din hard b efore i fee a . 90 . (g) g ( ) , p g
‘ 2 5 b r d ib i ill ilt im i n le. L O e . 2 . an f j , j g , j , j , j , j g TABLE II .
Words en din i n u e an d ew o u ndin u . g ( ) ( ) , f g ( )
Acc ru e a u e ar u e con tin u e en u e lu e i u e , g , g , , f , g , ff , erdu e u r u e r e cu e re idu e r etin u e r even u e p , p f , f , f , , , ti u e tr u e va lu e vertu e du e hu e cru e blu e colo u r 5 ff , , , , , , , , ; cadew cu r lew e chew brew brewes dew mildew , , f , , , , , ewer ew ewel lewd m or hew n e hew n ew n ews , f , j , , p , p , , ,
ewter ewer hew hr ew hrewd tew teward p , f , f , f , f , f , f , w - tr e S the r r r f V tew e e. o ete e ect Ten e of erb s , y P p f , as blew cr ew dr ew ew n ew rom blow cro w H0 , , , fl , f ; f , ,
n ow &c . A nd as ke w bou te ew clew cr ew fly , f , , f , , , crewel em brew m ew crew ew are writt en alfo , , , f , p , w h it (u e) . A T BLE IlI.
Words begi n n i ng wi th (wr) .
Wrack wr a n le wra wra th wrea th wreck , g , p , , , , wren wren ch wre tle wr etchedn e s wre t wri le , , f , f ; f , gg , wri n wri t 1 7 1 wri n kles writes wr i tten wri tin 17 1 g , f , [ ] , , , g, [ ] wron wr o th wrou ht wr u n or wran : S o a - wr g , , g ; g g y,
n - a 2 a d be wr y . 0 T I ABLE V.
Words wri tt n wi th x e ( ) .
The ou n d of x bein ks It is ex reffed b f ( ) g ( ) , p y c t b efore io n in the middle of Words an d ks at ( ) , , ( ) the en d of m oft word exce t A endix A o lex 2 5 s , p pp , p p y, Anxi et An xiou s B etwi xt Co mmixtion Com lexion y , , , , p ,
Con n exion F lu xion e lu xion ox oxolo , , D f , D y , D gy, u xa tion u xu r u xu rian t axative er lexi t L , L y , L , L , P p y,
R elaxa tion Vexa tion : An d word c om ou n ded with , s p 1 ex as extrem e or extr eam 850 . S o Ax B ox ax ( ) , , , , fl ,
“ ix u x x ox mix ox ix ex te v ex fl , fl , fi , f , , p , f , f , xt , ,
wax : S o E xeter x o rd S axo n s oxton in Sh ore , O f , , H
Ar t ditch n ear on don . axerxes M aximin u s an d L , , 5 L 2 m an other ro er N am e . y p p , s
a t the en d.
B a n ba n e ca r car e a t a te a a e h t , ; , ; f , f ; g p , g p ; a ,
10 a t m ad m ade m an m an e m a t m a te bit bi te h e; , ; , ; , ; , ;
n o t n ote r od r ode hi n hin e &c . B ut for fu ch , ; , ; f , f ; as h av their ou n d len thn ed b i hthon s as N et e f g y D p g , , t t b h t n eat m et m ea an d m ee &c . Or as i , , , , y (g ) f ,
’ i ht or n as in i n an d where e foft n s the f g , (g ) f , f g , ( ) , 1 5 fou n d of c an d as ra ck r ace r a r a e referr ( ) (g) , , ; g , g ; I
ou t o the fore oin R u le an d Obfervations u nder y g g s , ,
l u ch Heads . V TABLE I.
S la bles w ri tt n wit i n l on o n t Words of 2 . yl e h a f g e C f na
t e . d be we n 2 Vowels et ou n ed dou ble. , y f
For words of 3 S llables Obferve That the ( ) y , C onfon an t whic h follows the 3 d Vowel from the laft
1 7 3 reckon in b ackward i s u fu all dou 1 7 3 bled acc ordin [ ] ( g ) y [ ] , g w t o the firft r ule u n der ords o f m ore then two S llables . , y 2 . 2 . . 1 2 . . 5 h 3 d Cha 2 d . ec t . 0 10 3 S ee Part t e . p S p
B u t for words of 2 . Syllables dou blin g the fi ngle C onfon an t in the middle ; we have n o oth er R u le
then what ou will fin d u n der th I ft ction of the y e S e , 2 d f d Cha f th 3 art o hi k 1 . 1 0 1 . t er o e t s B oo . 00 p , P , p
V TAB LE III .
Words n din i o n di u e g n (u re) f u ng ( r) fh or t .
S u ch are derived from the Latin fu pine p er a dven tu r e im o tu r e u n ctu r e lec tu r e m an u actu re , p f , j , , f , 5 n a tu re a tu re re a re o tu r e ictu re ra tu r , p f , p f/ , p f , p , p e, o u r traictu r e cri t u re cu l tu r e tru ctu r e Tin ctu re p , f p , f p , f , ,
tor tu r e text u r e ve tu r e ten u r e bu t demu r n cu r , , f , ; ; , i ,
m u rmu r occu r an d occu r withou t e at the en d. , , , ( )
TAB LE IX .
Words en ding in (ou r) fou n di ng ( u r) .
Ar bo u r armou r can do u r colou r clamou r di , , , , , f
hon ou r dolou r i n teriou r over n ou r horrou r hu mou r , , , g , , ,
la bou r odou r aram ou r r i ou r ru mou r aviou r , , p , g , , f ,
avou r len dou r u ccou r tu m ou r va ou r or fmoak : f , fp , f , , p , 15 b u t to vap er or b o aft with an (e) Tho thefe words are u fu all written with ou r et the mi ht as well be y , y y g [1 7 6] written (or) withou t [1 7 6] the (u ) for deri vation fake f (tho they b e ou n ded u r) as in the following .
TABLE X .
lVords en ding (or) fo u n ding (u r) .
An ce tor an chor a rbitra tor au ditor au thor ba f , , , , ,
chelor chan cellor con e or crea tor credi tor doctor , , f ff , , , ,
do n or execu tor a ctor li u or m a le a tor media tor , , f , q , f c , ,
m eta hor m oder a tor or a tor P a tor ro en i tor roctor p , , , f , p g , p , 25 r ector en ior ervi tor ecta tor u cce or te ta tor , f , f , fp , f ff , f ,
trai tor tu tor vi tor &c . , , c , TABLE XI .
Words wr i tten wi th (aw) .
Awkward a wl for c oblers bawble bawl brawl , , , , , , br awn crawl dawn in drawers ed es eth i n , , g , , , , , g,
a wn hawk haw er la wn rawn awn rawn 5 fl , , / , , p , p , p , awl awn ra wl trawberr tawn e an d aw fp , fp , fp , f y , y , ( ) at the en d of all words ; bu t (au ) at the b eginnin g and in the middle of all other words exc t where , ep fin le a ou n d au 17 7 as b e ore 1 an d b e ore r 7 7 g ( ) f s , , [ ] , f , f , [1 ] h 1 . 1 . S . 1 . . 2 i n fhor ll l art 2 : C a . 0 t S ab e S ee e t 9 . y s , P p c p
TABLE XII .
o (ea) S ou n di ng (cc) or (e) l ng .
A eal a ear a ea e arr ear beach beacon pp , pp , pp f , , , , beadle bea le beaker beam bean belea u er be m ear , g , , , , g , f , ’ blea r e d bea t bea t bea ver ber eave bleach bleak H5 y , f , , , , , , br each break bream eca e chea chear clear cheat , , , f , p , , , , cleaver con cea l con ea l creak cream crea tu r e dea , , g , , , , co n dea l dean decea e de- in - cr ea e demean ou r , , , f , f , , dear di ea e dream ea ch ea er ea le can ea emen t , f f , , , g , g , , f , ea i n e s ca t ca ter ea t in tr ea t e chea t ear wi M0 f f , f , f , , , f , g, ears extrea m ealt ea t ea t ear r eak lea n , , f y , f f , f , f , f , g ,
ear rea e rea t reaves r eaz i hea l hear hea g , g f , g , g , g , , p , hea t hea th hea ve im each im lead leach lea lean , , , p , p , , f, , lea lea e leave m ea d m ea l m ea n m ea t n ear p , f , , , , , , , n ea t teal lea d lea e each eacock eal r each 25 , f , p , p / , p , p , p , p ,
u ean u ea r each r eam r ea r eave r elea e q , q fy , , , p , , f , r e eal re ea t - r etrea t r eveal ea ea l eani ear p , p , , , f , f , f , f , ea t hea hea rs 17 8 hea t hea th n eak eak 178 f , f f, f , [ ] f , f , f , fp , [ ] ear hear u eak u ea l u eami h ical team fp , fp , fq , fq , fq f , f , f , 8 a ramma i . Ekw ll , G t k 1 trea mer teach tea l t ea m t ear s trea t vea l w ea k f , , , , , , , r ,
wh a l t weal wean weave e whea . , , , ,
TAB E L XIII .
(ea) fou n di ng (e) fhor t .
5 Alr ead behead bread breadth break a t br ea t y , , , , f f , f ,
breath clean e deadl dear th dea th dr ead ear th , / , y , , , , ,
en deavou r eather head headlon head tall head , f , y , g , / ,
tr on health heaven hea v leather lead leaven f g , , , y , , , , leaver et a ea n t ea a n t hea a n t lea an t lea u r e , p g , p / , p f , p / , p f , 10 r eachle s r ea d r ea lm hread r ead tead tead f , y , , f fp , f y , f i t a t tea lth wea t threa tn n r eacher tr ead wea lth . f f f , f g, y, ,
TABLE XIV.
Words wri tten wi th (oa) .
A r oach bou i boa t broach coach coa l coa t pp , f , , , , , f , 1 5 cloak coar coat doa t i n cr oach oa t oal oam , , , , , fl , f , f ,
oad oal oa t roan hoan hoar - r o t hoar - n e s g , g , g , g , , f f , y f , 1 79 1 7 9 hoar n e s load loa loa th ome m oan m oa t [ ] [ ] f f , , f, f , , , oar oa th oa ts oa ch r e r oa ch r oan r oach r oad , , , p , p , , , ,
lwal hoar oa k toad woad. f , f , f , ,
TABLE XV.
(ow) S ou n di ng (ou ) .
lo wa n ce bo wels bo wer brown bo w br ow Al , , , , , ,
br owz in car ow e cow co wardi e co w li cr o wn g , f , , f , f p , ,
do wa er do wer do wn do wr dr own dro wz en do w g , , , y , , y ,
2 5 m en t rown o wn ho w ho wl lowd towre low e , f , g , , , , , / ,
m ow n ow owl o wz e low row r en o wn ro wel , , , , p , p , , ,
r owen r owz e howr e o wthi tle o w e tower to wr e , , f f f , f f , , ,
towz e tro wel vow vowel. , , ,
1 au daciti bracelet ben e cia l ca lcin e cancel can cer , fi , , , ,
ca aci t cru ci ble dan cer december decide deci ma tion p y , , , , , ,
dilacera te dilu cidate eda ci t emacera te excr u cia te , , y , , ,
ex li ci te alla ciou s I mbeci li t r ocer im erce tible p ; f , y ; G , p p ,
5 i n ca aci ta te i n ciden t in ce t i n du cem en t i n n ocen ce p ; , f , , ,
i n tercede i n terce t in vi n ci ble lacera tion mercer , p ; , , ,
ma ici an m u n i cen ce m ale cen ce m en dacit m u n i g , fi , fi , y,
ci al n ece ari n i cen e s ocea n o cia l aci a r p , ff f , , ffi ; p fy, p
ci t en ce en c il er icu i t h ici an lacid y , p , p , p fp y ; p yf , p ;
10 rece t r eci n ct : r eci ice reciou s r eci itate r e p p ; p p p , p , p p , p
coci t redece or r u dicia l ro vin cia l atri cian y , p ff , p ej , p ; p ,
r hetoricia n r a ac iti r ecede r eci te r econ ci le r e o ice , p , , , j , r ou n ci val acerdo tal a acit a la ci t er vice , f , f g y , f y , f
M a ble licin i m lici t in cer it oci et o lici tou s ; f g , f p y , f y , f y ; f , 15 182 orcer pa ci ou s u erciliou s u er ci a l ta [ ] f y , f , f p , f p fi ; 7 ei tu r n i t tena ci t veraci t vici i tu de vi vacit y ; y , y , ff ; y,
- w de e r o i u t . All r d vor aci t . An d n ci en o y , f, p , f ffi s which have the fou n d of k i n on e f llable an d s ( ) y , ( )
in th e n ext when e o r i ollows cc as acceler a te ; ( ) ( ) f ( ) ,
20 a cce s in acce a ble accen t a cce t acciden t occiden tal f , ff , , p , , , fu ccefs ; fu ccin ct : except when the fame fou n d is ex
f 4 Tabl u n d x r wh h preffed by (x) . ee ( ) e er ( ) o en t e like fou n d i s expreffed at the en d of wor ds by (c t)
befor e ion as ben ediction co llection com u n ction ( ) , ; , p ,
25 con ection con u n ction con tr u ction co n tr adiction . f ; j , f ,
ec oction der eli ction de tr u ctio n di tin ction ction D , , f , f ; fi ,
r action u n ctio n i n du ction i u n ction i n ection f , f ; , nj , fp ,
i n tr u ction i n u r r ection i n ter ection i n tr odu ctio n f , f ; j , ,
u r i di ction m a lediction o b ecti on o b tr u ction u tr e j f , j f , p
30 actio n r e ection u n ction u b ection tran ac ti on f , fl , f , f j , f ,
valediction u n ction . , TAB LE . XIX . Words wr itten (fion) with (f)
Allu ion an imadver i on a er ion cir cu mci io n f , f , fp f , f ,
co m u l ion co n clu io n con u ion con tu io n con p f ; f , f f , f ,
vu l io n declen i on deri io n dim en ion diver ion f ; f , f , f , f ,
' e u io n emu l i on eva ion excu r ion ex an i on ff f , f , f , f , p f ,
ex u l ion exten i on cxtru ion I llu i on i n ci ion p f , f ; f , f , f ,
i n cu r ion i n he i on i n er ion in va io n i rr i ion / , f , fp f , f , f ,
m an ion o cca ion en io n er wa io n r ovi i on / , f , p / , p f f , p f ,
r e r ehen ion r ever ion r evu l i on on ion u u ion p f , f , f , fp f , f jf f , verfi on ; an d all words that have the fou n d o f hard fs ma t b e u re t o en d i n ti on as com a ion ( ) f f , ( ,) , p ff ,
co n cu ion com dc ex im O r e ion i n ter ff ; , , , , pp ff ,
ll h n h l u cce i o n &c . a ot er en di s of t e ike ou n d are f ff , g f written (tion) with a (t) exc ept thole fou r with (x) fee 15 h M 2 t e 4 th Tab le.
TABLE XX . [184] Words endi ng (cy) wi th a (c)
Ar r o an c c lem en c co m la cen c con ederac g y , y , p y, f y,
‘ ; co n tan c con tin en c democr ac e ca c ele an c N0 f y ; y , y ; ffi y , g y, emi n en c excellen c exor bi tan c alla c im en itenc y, y , y, f y, p y,
i m er tin en c im o tenc i n an c i n n ocen c i n p y , p y , f y , y ,
co i tan c le ac m erc n ecr o ma n c o mn i o ten c g y , g y , y , y , p y, et u la n c olic r ecu m ben c r elu c tan c u r em ac p y , p y , y , y , f p y
ten denc vehem enc . y , y
TABLE XXI . t Wor ds wri tten wi h (fc) an d (ff) .
Ac u ie ce adole cen ce a cen d a cer tain con q f , f , f , f ,
cu i cen ce con de cen d con de cenci o n con ci en ce con p f , f , f , f ,
cien ti ou s co n cio n a ble co n eio us ere cen t cr e cet f , f , f , / , f , 1 d e cen d di cer n excr e cen ce o b cen e om n i ci en ce f , f , f , f , f ,
r e ci nd cen e ce ter cia tica cien ce cim eter tr a n f , f , f p , f , f , f , f
h re n te Tha in h r w d w cen den t ; &c . W e o t ot e or s here the fou n d b ears hard u p on the (f) in the middle ’ 185 5 185 or en d of a word tis u fuall dou bled as a e s [ ] [ ] y , ff f ,
m u la te a i t cla i ck di en t di er ta tion di ever , ff f , ff ; ff , ff , ff ,
t f h v di emble di i mu la ion a idu it &c . ou ld ha e ff , ff ; ff y, I here infert ed a Table of words written with (I) fou n d
10 in z B u t when c o nfi der the ar fo man t . e g ( ) I y y , i will b e t o o tediou s onel r ememb er that moft of th , y em
which have I b etween 2 vo wels o u n d 2 an d w ou ld ( ) ( ) , f ( )
b etter b e diftin u ifhed t o the E e b a b ort r ou n d 3 g y , y f ( )
fee a . 85 . onel thefe that ollow ar e written with p g y f ,
TABLE XXII .
Words wr i tten wi th (z ) .
Ama z e az u re blaz e br a z e br az ier br eez bu z z , , , , , , ;
bu z z a r d ca n on iz e can ton i z e daz le diz z ar d diz z , , , , , y,
dr iz le embez i l az e az et laz e laz i er u z z le , , g , g ; g , g , g ,
20 ha z hor iz on laz er laz loz en e ma az in e m az e y , ; , y , g , g ; ,
miz z le m or a liz e m u z z le n a t u ra liz e iaz z as vu l arl , , , , p g y M3 I 8G c alled Bia ches as in Coven t the R o al [ ] , y
xchan e &c . i n on don u lver i z e a tr on iz e r eco E g , L , p , p ,
u iz e n eez e olem n i z e u eez e tan z a ti ma ti z e g , f , f , fq , f , f g ,
2 5 tem or i z e to az towz e toz e t weez e whimz whiz z p , p , , , , y , ,
wi zar d &c . ,
TABLE XXIII . ' tt t k Wor ds wr i en wi h ch ou n di n . ( ) , f g ( )
Alchim an ar ch a n chor i te an tichri t ar chan el y, y, , f g ,
30 cha os char acter cha m chim er a ch mi t chir oman c , , f , ; y f , y ,
1 vation t o write the aforefaid with an i as ome (y) ( ) , f n ign ora tly do .
TABLE xxvi.
S u bftantives with lon I an d V b w g ( ) , er s ith fb ort (s) 5 ou n din z for dif i f g ( ) t n cti on fake.
Aba e ill u e t o a ba e or m i u se a r e u e f , f , f , f ; f f thing ; t o r efu fe o r deny : C lo/e or Grou n d fen c ed in ;
t o olo e fhu t c over oin t o ether or fin ifh Ora e f , , , j g , ; f ,
a little Glafs Vial or kin d of Eart hen B ottle for O l , y ;
10 t o Cr u s e or fc ou t ab ou t for re : A o e of P h , P y D f y ick t o o e ft u if or flu mb er : E xc u e an A o f ; D f , p y , f , p
lo t o E xc u s e t o m ak e an A olo : M u e a hole gy ; , p gy f ,
189 in 18 9 a Fen ce t o M u se ftu d or think : A P re en t [ ] [ ] ; , y f ; t o P r e en t : A P r emi e or thin firft remifed t o f f , g p ;
1 5 r emis e fo D iver e fun dr fev ral an d i ver s P ; f , y , e ; D
u n der Wat er : E l e o therwife E lls or Y ards : F a l e f , ; f ,
n ot t ru e F a lls doth all or F alls lur al : L oo e ; , f ; , P f ,
n ot faftned vitiou s an d oose o r u nt : To Hi s a , ; L , y f ,
S er ent-like n oife b orcin the Ai r throu h a Chin k p , y f g g ;
2 n w l n n Wher N ote that 0 a d His o n or b e o i t o him . e , g g ,
lon I l ooks ver ridic u lou s at th e en d of an word g ( ) y y , withou t an (e) ; therefore b e far e t o write a rou n d fb ort (s) at the en d of fu ch w ords as requ ire (f) with o u t e a the end as in the Third P erfon Sin u lar ( ) t ; , g 2 5 of Verb s S ticks for S ticketh an d in the P lu ral , ; N u mb er of N ou n War Wars for moft c ommonl s ; , ; y Sin gu lars are made Plu rals by pu ttin g fhort (s) at the en d whi ch alwa s ou n d foft like z t o diftin uifh , ( y f ( ) g
l n f u n din hard E c e t a B r o ther it from the o g ( ) fo g ) x p ,
30 B r t n a Chi k Chicken a Child C hildr en a e hr e ; c , ; , ; Co w Ki n e a S ow S win e a M a n M en 190 a , ; , ; , ; [ ]
mo u e mice a lo u e : lice a oo t eet oo e ee e f , ; f , ; f , f ; g f ; g f ;
too th teeth an d a h as chan f i nto v lo a c e . as a , ; f g ( ) ( ) f,
6 . 2 d . f . t . 4 . . 8 loaves fee art cha . ec 9 E xce t , p p p p (fheep ) which is b oth fingu lar and plu ral ; n ever ad 5 mittin t o diftin u ifh the n u mb er fu ofin the g (s) g , pp g en ce mu ft do that lo likewife when t o ou n d born f ; f ,
aft bir th an d born ou n din boor n fu ort ed o r p , , f g ) pp c arried ; they b eing b oth written with the fame Letters which brin gs m e to T V ABLE XX II . Of N ou n s which have the Accen t i n the firft a n d Ver bs i n the econ d S lla ble wr itten wi th the am e etters f y , f L ,
bein di ti n u i hed on el t ei r ro u n tio n g f g f y by h P n cia .
‘ abfen t to a bfen t a con teft to con teft 15 a n accen t to accen t a con d u ct to con duc t
‘ a cemen t to cem en t a con for t to con for t
‘ a collec t to collec t a can ver t to con ver t
‘ co n fin es hee con fi n es a n extract to extrac t
‘ a con cord to con cord a ferm en t to ferm en t 20 a comp o u n d to comp ou n d freq u en t fr equ en t
191 i n cen e to i n cen e remi es he remi es an ab 191 [ ] f , f ; p f , p f ; [ ]
cet t o o éc t a r é u e t o re u e a urve t o u rvé j , bj ; f f , f f ; f y , f y ;
‘ a ub ec t t o u b ec t a tor m en t t o tor m en t an n i te f j , f j ; , ; u ,
t o u n i te.
TAB LE XXVIII . S u ch Verb s an d S u bftan ti ves as may b e v ery well diftinguifhed thu s ;
Advice t o ad vi e the cha ce t o cha e : clo th t o , f ; , f , , cloa th a an c t o an a licence to licen e a ; f y, f fy ; , f ; 1 lou h t o low a ra ctice t o racti e a r o hec p g , p ; p , p f ; p p y,
to con vé a r ebel to r ebel u n i t t o u n i te : S o h a n e y ; , ; , um ,
when it come b e ore a S ubftan tive as h ma n e earn in : s f , u L g 5 h N atu res t e one di vi n e the other hu man e. , ,
T B A LE XXIX . fou n ded hard in thefe N ou n s an d f
in their Verb s .
A B a th t o B athe , ,
t o B r eathe
t o S hea the
t o oa the L ,
t o S oothe ,
TA BLE XXX .
’ the fou n d (th) an d (dh) c ompared ; tho i h wr tten (t ) . dh th
B oo the T hi ef Thee
B ro ther T hick S ithe Thigh Thy T ha n ks Tha t Thin T his Thong
2 5 This i hth Obferva i iz Th n e t on v . at o g ,
w ord en ds in ea or a e c e t thefe fix : ea a ( ) ( ) x p fl , p e , lea e t a . 5 . a e ea fho uld follow Obf. 7 . 7 p , f , , y , , p
F I N I S .
1 24
i n s t e a d o f
vor aci ty .
i n th g .
Comm a ndmen t Comman dmen t,
it is .
of fi de or fi de.
Let ers Letters .
greal great .
u fu aly ufu ally . i icu l u s ridicu lons r d o .
An n n m An n u m .
D i vin ity
Volu mns Volu mes . 1 2 5
Grou nd i n s t e a d Gu ilt
Holy
S eol
N a mes ron nd Capter flta tu e latter hoa r frft ben efici al eccept Lable the the middle u fualty 1 l o s s a G ry .
mos 2 7 2 a bo e 28 10 . al 7 86 29. a o ne a ttou r n e v , t , ; , tt r y y
Ab a am aloes 45 8 . 38 14 r h , , .
ab oad al ead 2 7 2 7 68 1 8 . au dien ce r r y , ; ,
abs u se ambien 42 28 . au o i tr t , th r ty m mbs -ace li acade 69 14 . a au i a y , x ry
acce ancien a oid 37 7 . pt t v , acceptable an niversary axletree accessary anoin t
Aceldama 59 9 . answe 54 1 6. ackbi e , r , b t
i e An i . a d e s oc 64 1 6 b ackslide 67 10 . v rt t h , ,
Aen eas a on 28 28 . b n pr , alco y a ereal -ar as ill a b a on , p r, r
Ae n a 45 4 . a c 14 12 1 18 29 . Bartimeu s t , r h , ; ,
affo d 2 8 14 . A c elau s bea 40 2 r , r h r , ; a ain -st a il a r ile b ea it u de g , rg g t -ain as ca ain 34 26 as b eef bie , pt , , f
alien a e 4 2 28 . ask eel ebu b 69 2 5 7 7 t , B z , ; ,
all a eism at eis 41 . 2 0 . th , h t
lm n 1 6 . a o d 8 . ee s eba 3 5 B r h ,
1) The glossary contains su ch words only on whose pro n u n ciation some information is foun d in the b ook; bu t even of The i n n t inclu d the t h ese only a selection . pr ciple has b ee o e words which offer some S p ecial interest an d those which it would he w ds n ot be easy to find by the help of the Introdu ction . T or
8 n ll b en mi ed . enu me ed in th l . 1 e a e o rat e Tab es pp 0 if . have g er y tt The wo ds are i en in esen da o o a the i alicised r g v pr t y rth gr phy , t f m or s representin g the S pelling of the o rigin al .
1 28
1 1 m le 1 2 d ac m 1 9 5 . fir e 3 30 . u b 8 r h , , gr , ; d au fl ood 3 7 17 ou d u rnet on rn et 38 1 r ght , ; fl g g , 5. u 9 1 14 0 3 d o 3 3 . 38 5 0 . r ght , , ; , food h
ea 1 14 6 . foo 37 18 alf rth , t , ; h easy forc e b al m ff f f i 4 1 -ham e o o e 1 8 . rt r t , - d e el as a el 47 1 . fo m o u r m an k c i ef 42 1 1 , gr v , , r f h r h , ; ’ ’ Eleazer bench Elie e 42 28 fo andmaid z r , . rty h
Emm au s fou fou a ken hearken 40 3 . r , rth h r , - 4 en as ea en 1 7 f an kinc ense 86 22 . ea 0 3 , h v , , r , h rt , ; 2 - ea 8 ff . ; friend ship h rth
en eife 1 11 8 . d 53 5 . , h r , i enou 54 26. f oise e gh , r h ght - l eon f on ie e d 86 26. r t r h ,
e i m f 2 4 h er 32 4 . o e os 7 2 . p t r t , ,
- er as adde 30 fru men e b 87 1 6. , r , , ty h r , - 30 ff. cf. i er . e e o en eou s 108 1 7 . ; h t r g , ide u s Eu boea allan 69 24. o g t , h eu nu ch gaol g oa l hoise Eu u es om o en eal 108 1 7 a e e az et 9 24 . . ph g z tt g 6 , h g , ’ even en e genu in e h orizon
e ao dina 40 30 . et o n xtr r ry , g h r - e as abb e 24 os ose 56 24 . y , y , , gh t h , 2 3 K ; gibberish hou gh
Gib 40 1 ou se vb . 58 13 . ea 0 . h , h , fal con e 54 imle ou se old r , g t h h
13 . el 4 4 im lace 1 2 . o 7 . g p 6 , h v , f r w a i e 86 23 . o soe e g v , h v r
fe l 1 13 21 u ff hou h 10 7 l . a . n 53 14 . ty , g , h g , fe ibl u n d ed 2 s e 86 5 . a eci ble 58 17 . ossi 2 1 6 . f , g p , h r , feoffee graft few - l les ial 2 6 109 7 . G es am 15 6. i a as ce , r h , , t , , l fi df 42 1 7 44 11 . e are 1 . ief l . ie es 60 , gr , p gr v , , e ce ian as C is ian 2 6 r 14 . , hr t , , filbert fieldberd groat 7 ; 12 9
- ible 87 6. ais mis a 15 8 . , L h h p ,
l n moie 37 7 . a gu age ty , m oil 3 7 l u 5 . 3 ; a gh , i nomin -lo as li le m ois g y , tt , t
’ 2 m on a 1 6 22 . illus a e 0 8 46 22 ff. c tr t , ; , r h , - Mo aic M os i ck 1n f 4 f . s a , as co n 9, 2 5
i di 2 l ase m os 28 14. c 5 29 . e n t , t , -in as ea in 61 led e lie er m ould g , h r g , , g r g ’ ’ l mon li o m ould ea m old 1 . e m n 1 1 1 . 8 , 5 rth
' leo 4 in ei 41 9 . a d 3 1 2 . v gh , p r , mou l e in ei le 41 15 . lot 86 28 . v g , , t r - ion as u es ion 2 6 lieu enan m ou se vb . 58 14 , q t , , t t , ; mi e 2 5 44 12 50 8 incoln c 86 8 . ; , ; , ; L , l m o e lin u 44 1 . 5 16 64 13 . a 8 0, ; , g , v ’ ’ 1 mow ick i on ois 37 0 . r L , r m ’ l ’ i a i on al 25 3 . o ndon 28 6. us e o e 120 1 2 . rr t , 0 L , h , 12 mu se vb . is loose 0 , 1 3 .
m u s oom m u s hr saac 7 7 20 . lou se oni I , hr - i l dul as 16. slan d isle 54 1 . as , , 0 y , y , , -ite as in ni e 25 , t , , 1 m ac in e m a chi n 61 N aim 7 . h
2 1 1 19 3 . n au sea e ; , t
main in 4 2 n ei e Jai a 3 8 . r t , th r l m 2 m lkin n ol ei 41 22 . Ja s 4 . a e 9, 6 ; 6, 6 ty ,
m i 44 4 n os e 56 24 . Jehoiada 3 7 1 1 . a a e 9 9 , rr g , ; , ble eo a d 43 12 50 26. n o a j p r y , ; , t
ma n o a 2 7 10 . 30 . rtyr t ry ,
Jes 24 1 m edicinal se , 1 . ku m 2 m e eo 43 1 6 . oa Ocka m 103 Joab 4 1 . , t r , ,
~ oin t u e 37 4 . Mic ael 45 5 mas 30 . j r , h , ; ou nal ou n e 38 oa s j r , j r y , t i obdu a e 6 . 15. m 8 28 ght , r t
i . minu e 69 9 . o b 70 9 t , t , key miracle 1 11 ocean oeconom kingdom 2 7 . y Kish Cis mirro r m i r r ou r 1 1 1 O edip u s
kn 9 2 7 . of , 30 ; 9 a ramma i . E kw ll , G t k 1 30 off pitiable l i 4 oil 37 5 . a 3 28 . , p t ,
oin men 37 5 . P lebeian 41 1 6. redem ron 7 t t , , t
- on as bu on 50 lo e 28 11 . eente , tt , , p v r , r r
2 in 7 . e oboam 1 . 2 ii . o 3 5 4 p t , R h , 2
n e oison 37 5 . ei n o p , r g i oo e owz e ommel omel 28 5 . e e a e 41 23 . z p p , r t r t , - n 1 12 nia d 2 6 5 12 e oice or as a c o o 6 0 . , h r , , p r , ; , r j
2 ff. o c 28 1 5 . e aim 35 4 . 0 p r h , R ph , - u r as a b ou 38 ose e inu e o , r r , , p r t
'
9 51 4 1 12 I Ofi . os 28 14 . e o 27 23 . ; , ; , p t , r t rt , -ou s as famou s 38 os eu n ion , , , p y r
l ice 8 2 i 2 3 . 1 1 ou 3 . eun e 36 ; p t , r t , ’ o e or e o er 97 2 5. ou l 38 3 . e enu e v r , , p try , r v
- ow as billow 28 eceden ise 11 . 100 5 . , , , pr t r , 2 4 1 . 24 ecise 56 4 . oas r os t 8 ; pr , r t , i m n n me 2 1 . ee e ce 36 4. o 8 6 pr , R ,
a ean 40 8 1 14 9 . emu ni e 32 1 . rose 56 2 3 . p g t , ; , pr r , ,
als ofu se 56 10 . ou 39 18 p y pr , r gh , ; is 6 4 omi e a ad e 5 . s p r , pr 4 - 12 a liam en 9 ose 56 23 . s 0 p r t , pr , , 1 psalm 611.
a 2 3 1 2 . ur o sac i ce p rt , p p rt r patience saffron 4 1 a ien 50 15 . u alm 87 1 . salmon 5 3 . p t t , q , ,
a ia c 1 22 . u oi sal p tr r h 6, q t t
P ela ia 64 1 6. u o 34 2 . sal e t h , q th , v eo le 43 1 1 50 sanc u a p p , ; t ry
s 3 1 18 . 30 . r 8 5 . a , tyr ,
P eo 43 18 . ac el S aul 7 7 2 1 . r , R h ,
P a ao P har oah 77 adis 87 1 sa 87 1 . h r h , r h , . y , - 2 1 sca ce 20 . re as ac e 5 11 , r , , ; r le m e m 46 22 111 sce e 14 24 ph g fl g , ; pt r , , phlegmatic flegma ti ck receipt sceptic
i sc ism 1 19 5 . 53 12 . ece e , r v h ,
P oen i 45 6. reckless rea chless l l 4 scisso s s ci ss er s 14 h x , , r ,
i 24. p azza 10 .
1 3 2
id 4 . m 2 3 2 1 . u b a 5 8 wa wool 37 8 . p r , r , 1
U a sin wa 23 2 1 . ph r rt , - 2 2 . u re 3 1 0 1 1 I E was wo m 27 22 . , ; , r , l u s e ess 87 17 . 63 7 . wo s i 2 12 8 . , , r h p ,
u su 87 1 7 . was wo s ed ry , h r t wa c wou ld 38 20 t h , ; ie e 4 1 e 1 a a d 3 wa 3 . v r g t , . t r ll i 41 2 e e 2 . wea wr v ty , r ven geanc e weasan d wes a n d—p ip e wrath venison
e dic edn esda 48 26 : v r t W y , 7 x verju ice Xenophon
ic u als ict ualle 44 we e e es 0 2 . v t , v r , r X rx 1 , 2 w e 24f . her - i olen ce w i e 87 15 . as a m v h th r , y , r y ,
Viscou n 54 1 1 . who 69 10 . t , ,
i ia e w ole 54 1 7 . eoman v t t h , y
oice will 87 1 3 . ou ou v , y , y r with you th
wainsco wom an 28 11 . t , walk 54 14 womb , . z
w n r 7 1 . heu s wa 23 21 . o 8 6 Z ac , t ,
wa d ood Z eb oim 37 10 . r w , n t en s C o t .
Introdu ction Vowels in stressed syllables Vowels in u nstressed syllables
’ The Writin g S cholar s Companion The Firs t P art [Sp elling] The S econd P art [P ronu n ciation] The Third P art : Concern ing the Acciden ts of Words and S en en ces t . Table 1 (g) sou n ds hard like (gh ee) before ( 6) an d (1) n o ds en din in u e an d ew sou n din 11 W r g ( ) ( ) , g ( ) 111 Words beginn in g with (wr) rv Words written with (x) v Single C onson an ts Syllables made long with (e) at th e en d
le w i en wi sin l vr Words of 2 . Syll ab s r tt th a g e Consonan t (ir) sou n ded ( u r ) Words en ding in (u re) sou ndin g ( ur) short Words ending in ( ou r) sou n ding (u r) x Words ending in ( or) sou nding ( ar) x1 Words written with ( aw) ( ea) sou n ding ( ee) or ( e) long XIII ( ea) sou n ding ( e) sho rt xi v Words written with ( ou) xv ( ow) sou n ding ( ou ) xvi (Oh) written bu t n ot sou n ded 1 2 0 7 3 ] 1 34
o ds be in nin wi . befo e 1 XVII W r g g th 0 r e , XVIII S everal middle Syllables written with or ( ci) XIX Words written (fion) with (f) W ords ending ( cy) with a ( c) Words written with (lo) an d (ff) Words written with (z) o ds w i en wi ch sou n din k XXIII W r r tt th ( ) , g ( )
” Words written with (ph) sou nding (1) 1 15 XXV Words written with (y) 1 1 9 S u bs an i es wi lon I an d e bs wi h XXVI t t v th g ( ) , V r t short (s) sou nding (z) 1 20 Of N ou ns w ic a e the Accen in the , h h h v t rst ; and Verbs in the second Syllable XXVIII Su c h Verb s an d Su bstantives as may be e well dis in u is ed u s Advi ce v ry t g h th ; ,
t o advi s e etc . Of (th) sou nded hard in th ese N ou ns and soft like (dh) in their Verbs Of t he sou nd of (th) an d (dh) ’ tho b oth written (th) Misprints in the original edition G lossary
0
“ P rin ed b the Waisenhau s P ress Hallo a . S . t y , , ,
n M ax i e al a erl a vo N eme r H le . . V g y , S
h n li c r mm t n herau s e eb en von Neudrucke frii neue g s her G a a ike , g g
R u d o l f B r o t n k Ged u c k mit U nt erst ii t zu n d r a e . r t g e
— i k d i d h d 6. Ka serl A a em r Wiss n s af n in i n . B 1 . e e e c te W e .
— 1 9 0 5 1 9 1 1 .
’ 1 M a s o n s Grammai an l i d n u ck n . e o e e N ac e G r g r g o se . h Dr e
v i k on 1 62 2 1n d 1 63 3 herau sg egeb en von R u d o l f B r o t a n e . 1 4 9 5 . kl 0 . 8 . Jt .
’ Jo h n o n e s s actical P ono a di ed Dr . J pr h gr p hy E t b il k w l l 1 8 e t a . 1 9 . r . . y E r E 0 7 g 8 A ,
’ i m n a h i l 0 h e u s eben 3 . S o D i n e s s Ort oep a Ang icana ( 1 64 ) ra geg
vo n l nd B r a i inleit u n t n e k. Mit e n e M R os e r u R . o . r E g u nd Darstellu n g des Lau tbestan des der O rt hoepia von
R B t a n k 1 kl 7 . r o 8 . . 8 . e . 90 Jt ,
’ 4 a l B l h m u s ben . C e s u e s n lisc G am a 163 4 e a e e h r t r E g r r ( ) h r g g .
vo n A i 7 c l e . 8 . . E h r A ,
r u n i n au n 5 . C o o p e s G ra mmatica Ling ae A gl ca ae ( 1 685) her sgegebe
vo n Jo h n l n Jo e s k . 1 0 . . . 8 D J6 ,
’ T h e i i n b 6 . W r t g S c h o l a r s C o m p a n i o n Edited y i l kw l l l e a k . . E r t E . 8
wi i d a - Cb rs et zu n Conrad Hermann S c e kei e n er S akes e e e . , , h r g t h p r g
E rl au t eru n w if l f er llen 1 . . 4 e e a S e . 9 0 8 g z h t t 6 Jib ,
Creizenac h Wilhel D as en lisc e ama im Z ei alte S ake , m, g h Dr t r h
s ea es i Te l 1 . . h . b . . 7 . 1 . 9 0 9 8 e 1 6 e 5 16 p r I g A , g ,
h d i d r n li en m n ik. 1. Ban Ric ht er Helene Gesc c te e e sc R o a . , , h g h t 1 9 1 1 8 . 8 at ,
Wa oner Richard Die Buh n eneinricht u n des S akes ea eschen g , , g h p r
T ea e s n ac den z i e n h n P rei ekr nt v n h t r h e tg ossisc en Drame . sg o o
d r deu s - f e n k s ea ll c a . c e a 1 7 . 8 t h Sh e p re Gese s h t . 90