Sportidol, Superstar, Ikone? Das Fallbeispiel Michael Jordan“

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Sportidol, Superstar, Ikone? Das Fallbeispiel Michael Jordan“ DIPLOMARBEIT / DIPLOMA THESIS Titel der Diplomarbeit / Title of the Diploma Thesis „Sportidol, Superstar, Ikone? Das Fallbeispiel Michael Jordan“ verfasst von / submitted by Philipp Kedl angestrebter akademischer Grad / in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the de- gree of Magister der Philosophie (Mag. phil.) Wien, 2017 / Vienna, 2017 Studienkennzahl lt. Studienblatt / A 190 406 313 degree programme code as it appears on the student record sheet: Studienrichtung lt. Studienblatt / Lehramtsstudium UF Mathematik degree programme as it appears on UF Geschichte, Sozialkunde, Politische Bildung the student record sheet: Betreut von / Supervisor: ao. Univ.-Prof. Dr. Peter Eigner Danksagung Ich möchte mich an dieser Stelle bei all jenen bedanken die mich persönlich aber auch fachlich dabei unterstützt haben, dass diese Diplomarbeit gelingt. Allen voran möchte ich meinen Eltern, Hans-Peter und Petra Kedl, von ganzem Herzen für die jahrelange Unterstützung danken. Sie haben mich in all meinen Entscheidungen unterstützt und mir das Studium so einfach wie möglich ge- macht, mir nie Druck auferlegt und immer Vertrauen in mich gehabt. Ebenfalls möchte ich mich sehr herzlich bei meiner Freundin, Katrin Blutmager, bedanken, welche mir stets zur Seite gestanden ist. Ein großes Dankeschön geht auch an meinen Diplomarbeitsbetreuer Herrn a.o. Univ. Prof. Dr. Peter Eigner, der mich großartig durch den Prozess der Arbeit geführt hat und mir sehr viele Freiheiten, vor allem auch bei der Themenwahl, gelassen hat. Wien, 06.April 2017, Philipp Kedl Versicherung Ich versichere hiermit, dass ich die vorliegende Arbeit selbständig und ohne Benutzung anderer als der angegebenen Hilfsmittel angefertigt habe. Die aus fremden Quellen direkt oder indirekt übernommenen Gedanken sind als solche kenntlich gemacht. Die Arbeit wurde bisher in gleicher oder ähnlicher Form keiner anderen Prü- fungsbehörde vorgelegt und auch nicht veröffenticht. Wien, 06.April 2017, Philipp Kedl Inhaltsverzeichnis 1. EINLEITUNG .................................................................................................................................. 1 2. SPORT UND KULTUR – BUILDING A NATIONAL IDENTITY (DER WEG ZUR IKONE) .......................... 7 2.1. Entwicklung des Sports zum Massenphänomen ................................................................................. 8 3. DIE GESCHICHTE DES BASKETBALLS ............................................................................................ 20 3.1. Die Anfänge – Dr. James Naismith ....................................................................................................... 20 3.2. Erste Schritte in Richtung Professionalisierung ................................................................................ 22 3.3. Nationwide Basketball – The NBA in the 50’s ..................................................................................... 24 3.3.1. Cross the line – Die ersten schwarzen Spieler in der NBA ................................................................. 26 3.3.2. First Superstar – George Mikan .............................................................................................................. 28 3.3.3. Got only 24 Seconds – Speeding up the Game with Cooz ................................................................. 30 3.4. Defense wins Championships – Die NBA in den 60’s ....................................................................... 32 3.4.1. Game Changer – Die Celtics von 1956 bis 1959 .................................................................................. 33 3.4.2. Wilt – Russells Kryptonit? ......................................................................................................................... 37 3.4.3. The Greatest Rivalry in Sports – Offense vs. Defense – Wilt vs. Russell ......................................... 38 3.5. Die NBA wächst - mehr Teams, mehr Geld und Dr. J ........................................................................ 40 3.6. Magic vs. Bird – Black vs. White ........................................................................................................... 43 3.7. Olympische Spiele 1992 – Weltweite Öffnung .................................................................................... 46 3.8. Zusammenfassung Kapitel 3 .................................................................................................................. 53 4. MICHAEL JORDAN ....................................................................................................................... 57 4.1. Michael Jeffrey Jordan – Aller Anfang ist schwer .............................................................................. 57 4.2. North Carolina – Der Beginn einer Legende ....................................................................................... 59 4.3. Vom bekannten Collegespieler zum Popstar in den Medien ............................................................ 62 4.4. Captain Marvel trying to take over – 1984 bis 1990 ........................................................................... 66 4.5. Finally Champions – Der erste Threepeat von 1991 bis 1993 .......................................................... 71 4.6. Nothing more to prove – First Retirement and Comeback ............................................................... 77 4.7. Threepeat again – Das Beste Team aller Zeiten ................................................................................. 78 4.8. Zusammenfassung Kapitel 4 .................................................................................................................. 83 5. BEDEUTUNG UND EINFLUSS – GLOBALER GAMECHANGER AUF UND ABSEITS DES PARKETTS ....................................................................................................................................... 86 5.1. Kultureller Einfluss .................................................................................................................................. 86 5.2. Sportlicher Einfluss ............................................................................................................................... 101 6. SCHLUSSFOLGERUNG ............................................................................................................... 109 7. LITERATUR- UND QUELLENVERZEICHNIS .................................................................................. 117 7.1. Forschungsliteratur ............................................................................................................................... 117 7. 2. Onlinequellen und Literatur ................................................................................................................ 120 7.2.1. Artikel ......................................................................................................................................................... 120 7.2.2. Internetquellen.......................................................................................................................................... 122 KURZFASSUNG DER ARBEIT .......................................................................................................... 124 ABSTRACT ..................................................................................................................................... 125 1. Einleitung 1891 erfand der kanadische Arzt Dr. James Naismith den Basketballsport, es sollte die Geburtsstunde einer der beliebtesten Ballsportarten weltweit sein, was zu der damaligen Zeit noch niemand ahnen konnte. Heute begeistert der Sport mehr denn je und hat seinen Einfluss weit über das Sportliche hinaus steigern können. Besonders populär ist die nordamerikanische Profiliga „NBA – National Basketball Association“, die als Ziel eines jeden Basketballers gilt. Diese Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit dem Phänomen Sport und dessen weltweiter Popularität, am Beispiel Michael Jordan‘s und der besten Basketballliga der Welt, der NBA. Es wird gezeigt, wie der Sport in den USA an der Identitätsbil- dung des Landes Einfluss nimmt und mit ihr in Symbiose steht. Dabei wird auf den Mythos eingegangen, dass es im Sport jeder sozusagen „vom Tellerwä- scher zum Millionär“ schaffen kann, egal welcher Minderheit er oder sie auch angehören mag. Die Arbeit setzt sich mit dem Aufstieg Jordans auseinander und zeigt, wie aus einem schwarzen Buben, der es seinerzeit nicht einmal in sein Highschool-Team geschafft hat, der wohl einflussreichste Basketballer und eine der schillerndsten Sportikonen aller Zeiten wurde. Um das alles richtig ein- ordnen zu können und die Größenverhältnisse einschätzen zu können, müssen zuvor jedoch noch andere Themen vorgestellt und eingeführt werden. Dazu wird aufgezeigt, wie der Basketballsport etabliert wurde und aus ihm eine der weltweit beliebtesten Sportarten wurde: Von den Anfängen in amerikanischen Schulen, über den Ersten Weltkrieg, bis zur Eröffnung der NBA und ver- schiedensten Ligen und Wettbewerben in Europa und weltweit. Analysiert wird, wie eine Ikone des Sports zu definieren ist und wie Michael Jordan zu ebenje- ner geworden ist. Dafür sind viele Aspekte sehr wichtig und entscheidend, wie zum Beispiel Wille, Talent, Ausstrahlung, aber auch Marketing und Strategie. Ebenso gibt es gewisse Ereignisse, wie zum Beispiel die Olympischen Spiele 1992 in Barcelona, die einem Sport und dessen Popularität enorm zutun. Die USA schickte damals erstmals ein Profiteam in den Bewerb, welches bis heute als das „Dream Team“ bekannt ist. Zahlreiche NBA-Superstars, wie
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