(Jiaodong Peninsula): New Insights on Late Mesozoic Continental Extension in Eastern Asia
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Palaeomagnetic constraints from granodioritic plutons (Jiaodong Peninsula): New insights on Late Mesozoic continental extension in eastern Asia. Nicolas Charles, Yan Chen, Romain Augier, Charles Gumiaux, Wei Lin, Michel Faure, Patrick Monié, Flavien Choulet, Fuyuan Wu, Rixiang Zhu, et al. To cite this version: Nicolas Charles, Yan Chen, Romain Augier, Charles Gumiaux, Wei Lin, et al.. Palaeomagnetic con- straints from granodioritic plutons (Jiaodong Peninsula): New insights on Late Mesozoic continental extension in eastern Asia.. Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, Elsevier, 2011, 187 (3-4), pp.276-291. 10.1016/j.pepi.2011.05.006. insu-00599546 HAL Id: insu-00599546 https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-00599546 Submitted on 10 Jun 2011 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. 1 Palaeomagnetic constraints from granodioritic plutons (Jiaodong Peninsula): New 2 insights on Late Mesozoic continental extension in eastern Asia. 3 4 Nicolas CHARLES 1,* , Yan CHEN 1, Romain AUGIER 1, Charles GUMIAUX 1, Wei LIN 2, 5 Michel FAURE 1, Patrick MONIÉ 3, Flavien CHOULET 1, Fuyuan WU 2, Rixiang ZHU 2, 6 Qingchen WANG 2. 7 8 1. Institut des Sciences de la Terre d’Orléans (ISTO) 9 Université d’Orléans-CNRS/INSU (UMR6113) 10 1A, rue de la Férollerie 11 45071 Orléans cedex 2 12 France 13 2. Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences 14 Beituchengxi road 19 15 100021 Beijing 16 China 17 3. Géosciences Montpellier 18 Université Montpellier 2-CNRS (UMR5243) 19 Place E. Bataillon 20 34095 Montpellier cedex 5 21 France 22 23 *Corresponding author: [email protected]; ([email protected]) 24 25 26 27 28 1 29 Abstract 30 Mechanism and kinematics of the Late Mesozoic continental extension event of 31 eastern Asia are still debated. In order to better constrain its evolution, two granodioritic 32 plutons of the Jiaodong Peninsula have been chosen as targets for a time-constrained 33 palaeomagnetic study. Indeed, plutons are devoid of visible deformation, did not experience 34 rotation along horizontal axis and are precisely dated by U/Pb and 40 Ar/ 39 Ar methods. 35 Multidomain (MD) magnetite has been identified as the principal magnetic remanent carrier. 36 The interpolation of existing and new U/Pb and 40 Ar/ 39 Ar ages revealed that characteristic 37 remanent magnetisation was acquired in a narrow range of 116 ± 2 Ma. Twenty out of 27 sites 38 present stable magnetic directions calculated from high-temperature or high-coercive 39 components. The observations of the solo normal magnetic polarity for this palaeomagnetic 40 collection and of the magnetic remanent age consistent with the Cretaceous Normal 41 Superchron (CNS) argue that the characteristic magnetic remanence may be considered as 42 primary. Detailed field observations of the intrusive relationship between the plutons and 43 country rocks and Anisotropy of Magnetic Susceptibility (AMS) study reveal the absence of 44 the subsequent deformation of plutons, or rigid rotation of plutons along a horizontal axis. 45 Two palaeomagnetic poles have been therefore calculated from these plutons. Among 12 out 46 15 Cretaceous palaeomagnetic poles, including the two new poles provided by this study, 47 from the Jiaodong Peninsula and on both sides of Tan-Lu and Muping-Jimo faults are 48 statistically consistent. As a result, the Jiaodong Peninsula behaved as a rigid block as internal 49 deformation appears negligible. The remaining three derived poles are probably due to the 50 secular variation or/and the vicinity of fault zones near of the palaeomagnetic sampling site. 51 Thus, they can not be applied to the peninsula-scaled tectonics. Comparison of these time- 52 constrained Cretaceous palaeomagnetic results of the Jiaodong Peninsula with those of North 53 China Block (NCB) indicate that the Jiaodong Peninsula was rigidly attached to NCB since, 2 54 at least, the Cretaceous as residual difference is clearly insignificant with respect to the error 55 brackets. These new palaeomagnetic results confirm that the relative clockwise (CW) rotation 56 of Eastern Liaoning-Korea Block (ELKB) with respect to NCB does not affect the Jiaodong 57 Peninsula as a rigid block, nevertheless, some tectonic structures have been reactivated since 58 Cenozoic and local rotations could be produced. This palaeomagnetic study reveals that the 59 Late Mesozoic extension in Eastern Asia is heterogeneously expressed in time and space. The 60 complete understanding of the mechanism(s) of this extensional event needs further 61 multidisciplinary investigations. 62 63 Key-words: Eastern China, Late Mesozoic extension, palaeomagnetism, granitic pluton, 64 magnetic remanent age, Cretaceous, Shandong Peninsula. 65 66 1. Introduction 67 After a succession of Palaeozoic orogenies and a relative tectonic quietude (e.g., 68 Kusky et al., 2007), Eastern Asia has experienced a major extensional event and lithospheric 69 thinning during Late Mesozoic and Cenozoic times that extend from South China to Lake 70 Baikal south-northwardly and from the Japanese Islands to Gobi desert east-westwardly (e.g., 71 Gilder et al., 1991; Menzies et al., 1993; Davis et al., 1996; Griffin et al., 1998; Ren et al., 72 2002; Lin et al., 2003; Meng, 2003; Lin and Wang, 2006; Zhai et al., 2007; Daoudene et al., 73 2009; Chen, 2010). Numerous geological observations argue for the importance of this major 74 extensional event, including: (1) formation of intracontinental extensional sedimentary basins 75 (e.g., Liu, 1986; Ma and Wu, 1987; Ren et al., 2002), (2) emplacement of widespread 76 volcanism and plutonism (Wu et al., 2005a, b, 2007) and more importantly (3) exhumation of 77 Metamorphic Core Complexes (MCC; Davis et al., 1996; Darby et al., 2004; Liu et al., 2005; 78 Lin et al., 2008; Charles et al., 2011). It is noteworthy that most of these features developed 3 79 during the Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous (e.g., Ren et al., 2002; Liu et al., 2005; Wu et al., 80 2005a; Wang et al., 2006; Lin et al., 2008). Various models proposed to account for the 81 geodynamical causes for this major extensional event are still highly debated (e.g., Meng, 82 2003; Lin and Wang, 2006; Zhai et al., 2007): (1) back-arc extension induced from Palaeo- 83 Pacific plate subduction (e.g., Watson et al., 1987; Li, 2000; Zhou and Li, 2000; Ren et al., 84 2002), (2) post-orogenic collapse (Meng, 2003), (3) lithospheric delamination (Lin and Wang, 85 2006), or (4) mantle plume (Okada, 1999). 86 The Late Mesozoic to Cenozoic extensional event affected eastern Asia composed of a 87 set of continental blocks amalgamated during previous orogenies (e.g., Mattauer et al., 1985; 88 Kusky et al., 2007). The knowledge of kinematic histories of these blocks during Late 89 Mesozoic times can provide essential informations to better understand relations between 90 rigid blocks movement of and development of major extensional crustal structures. In fact, 91 according to palaeomagnetic and structural studies, Lin et al. (2003) and Liu et al. (2005) 92 have proposed that clockwise (CW) rotation of the Eastern Liaoning-Korean block (ELKB) 93 with respect to the North China Block (NCB) was accommodated by the exhumation of South 94 Liaodong and Yiwulüshan MCCs and the opening of Songliao-Xialiaohe basin (see Fig. 1 in 95 Lin et al., 2003). Moreover, the Euler pole of this CW rotation is located in the southern end 96 of Bohai bay (Lin et al., 2003). Such a CW rotation is also invoked by Huang et al. (2007) for 97 the easternmost and southeastern parts of the Jiaodong Peninsula (Shandong Province, NE 98 China) to the south of the ELKB and the Bohai bay, since Early Cretaceous. As a result, 99 Huang et al. (2007) assume that the Jiaodong Peninsula cannot be considered as a rigid part of 100 the NCB. However, an other palaeomagnetic study carried out in the peninsula showed that 101 the northern part of the Jiaodong did not experience any rotation nor latitudinal displacement 102 since Cretaceous times with respect to NCB (Gilder et al., 1999). These discrepancies have 103 major consequences on the understanding of the mechanism of the Mesozoic extension in the 4 104 eastern Asia and thus, need to be clarified. The aim of the present paper is to better 105 palaeomagnetically constrain the kinematics of the Jiaodong Peninsula with well-dated 106 ferromagnetic granodioritic plutons (i.e. the Weideshan and Haiyang massifs; Fig. 1 and 107 Table 1). This palaeomagnetic study has been carried out with careful structural and AMS 108 analyses of both plutons and country rocks. New palaeomagnetic and time constraints are thus 109 provided to better understand the Late Mesozoic extension of Eastern Asia. 110 111 2. Geological background 112 2.1. Jiaodong Peninsula 113 The Jiaodong Peninsula, in Shandong Province (NE China), is located along the 114 southeastern margin of the North China Block (NCB; Fig. 1a). This area is delimited to the 115 west by the NNE-trending crustal-scale Tancheng-Lujiang (or Tan-Lu) fault (Fig. 1a), and to 116 the south by the Sulu ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic belt which was tectonically active 117 during Triassic times (e.g., Faure et al., 2001, 2003). To the northwest of the Jiaodong 118 Peninsula, Precambrian basement rocks are uncomformably covered by Mesozoic to 119 Cenozoic sedimentary and volcanic series (Fig.