DOCSLIB.ORG

HEPHAISTOS Was the Great Olympian God of Fire, Metalworking, Building and the Fin E Arts

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
HEPHAISTOS Was the Great Olympian God of Fire, Metalworking, Building and the Fin E Arts HEPHAISTOS was the great Olympian god of fire, metalworking, building and the fin e arts. He had a short list of lovers in myth, although most of these appear only in the ancient genealogies with no accompanying story The two most famous of the Hephaistos "love" stories were the winning of Aphrodi te and her subsequent adulterous affair, and his attempted rape of the goddess A thene, which seeded the earth and produced a boy named Erikhthonios. DIVINE LOVES AGLAIA The Goddess of Glory and one of the three Kharites. She married Hephaisto s after his divorce from Aphrodite and bore him several divine daughters: Euklei a, Eutheme, Euthenia, and Philophrosyne. APHRODITE The Goddess of Love and Beauty was the first wife of Hephaistos. He di vorced her following an adulterous love-affair with his brother Ares, to whom sh e had borne several children. ATHENA The Goddess of War and Wisdom fought off an attempted rape by the god Hep haistos, shortly after his divorce from Aphrodite. She wiped his fluids form her leg and threw them upon the earth (Gaia) which conceived and bore a son Erikhth onios. Athena felt a certain responsibility for this child and raised it as her own in the temple of the Akropolis. GAIA The Goddess of the Earth was accidentally impregnated by the seed of Hephai stos, when Athena cast the god's semen upon the ground after his attempted rape. PERSEPHONE The gods Hephaistos, Ares, Hermes, and Apollon all wooed Persephone b efore her marriage to Haides. Demeter rejected all their gifts and hid her daugh ter away from the company of the gods. SEMI-DIVINE LOVES (NYMPHAI) AITNA A Nymphe or Goddess of Mount Aitna in Sikelia (Sicily, Southern Italia) lo ved by the god Hephaistos. She bore him a daughter Thaleia. [see Family] KABEIRO A Nymphe Einalia (of the Sea) loved by Hephaistos who bore him several s ons and daughters called the Kabeiroi and the Nymphai Kabeirides. [see Family] (3) MORTAL LOVES (WOMEN) ANTIKLEIA A woman of Epidauros in the Argolis (Southern Greece) who bore Hephais tos a son - the bandit Periphetes. [see Family] ATTHIS A Princess of Attika (in Southern Greece) who, according to some, was lov ed by the god Hephaistos and bore him a son Erikhthonios (however, according to most accounts, the child was a son of Hephaistos and Gaia the Earth). [see Famil y] OKRESIA A Princess of Latium ( Rome) (in Central Italia) who bore Hephaistos (Vo lcanos) a son Servius Tullius. [see Family] Seneca, Phaedra 185 (trans. Miller) (Roman tragedy C1st A.D.) : "This winged god [Eros] rules ruthlessly throughout the earth and inflames Jove [Zeus] himself, wounded with unquenched fires. Gradivus [Ares], the warrior god, has felt those flames; that god [Hephaistos] has felt them who fashions the thr ee-forked thunderbolts, yea, he who tends the hot furnaces ever raging ‘neath Aetn a’s peaks is inflamed by so mall a fire as this." HEPHAISTOS LOVES: APHRODITE LOCALE: Mt Olympos (Home of the Gods) I) HEPHAISTOS WINS APHRODITE The story of the Marriage of Hephaistos and Aphrodite can be reconstructed from text fragments and ancient Greek vase paintings, such as the Francois Vase:- Hephaistos was cast from heaven by his mother Hera at birth, for she was ashamed to bear a crippled son. He was rescued by the goddesses Thetis and Eurynome who cared for him in a cave on the shores of the River Okeanos where he grew up to become a skilled smith. Angry at his mother s treatment, Hephaistos sent gifts t o to the gods of Olympos including a Golden Throne for Hera. When the goddess sa t upon this cursed seat she was bound fast. Zeus petitioned the gods to help free Hera from her predicament, offering the go ddess Aphrodite in marriage to whomsoever could bring Hephaistos to Olympos. Aph rodite agreed to this arrangment in the belief that her beloved Ares, the god of war, would prevail. Ares attempted to storm the forge of Hephaistos, bearing arms, but was driven ba ck by the Divine Smith with a shower of flaming metal (Libanius Narration 7, not currently quoted here). Dionysos was the next to approach Hephaistos, but instead of force, he suggested that Hephaistos might himself lay claim to Aphrodite if he were to return volan tarily to Olympus and release Hera. The godwas pleased with the plan and ascende d to Heaven with Dionysos, released his mother and wed the reluctant Goddess of Love. Homer, Odyssey 8. 267 ff (trans. Shewring) (Greek epic C8th B.C.) : "The betrothal gifts I [Hephaistos] bestowed on him [Zeus] for his wanton daught er [Aphrodite]." Quintus Smyrnaeus, Fall of Troy 2. 180 ff (trans. Way) (Greek epic C4th A.D.) : "A chalice deep and wide . a huge golden cup . this the cunning God-smit h [Hephaistos] brought to Zeus, his masterpiece, what time the Mighty in Power t o Hephaistos gave for bride the Kyprian Queen [Aphrodite]." Pausanias, Description of Greece 1. 20. 3 (trans. Jones) (Greek travelogue C2nd A.D.) : "There are paintings here [in the temple of Dionysos at Athens] - Dionysos bring ing Hephaistos up to heaven. One of the Greek legends is that Hephaistos, when h e was born, was thrown down by Hera. In revenge he sent as a gift a golden chair with invisible fetters. When Hera sat down she was held fast, and Hephaistos re fused to listen to any other of the gods [including Ares] save Dionysos - in him he reposed the fullest trust - and after making him drunk Dionysos brought him to heaven." Pseudo-Hyginus, Fabulae 166 (trans. Grant) (Roman mythographer C2nd A.D.) : "When Father Liber [Dionysos] had brought him [Hephaistos] back drunk to the cou ncil of the gods, he could not refuse this filial duty [and free Hera from the m agical throne he had trapped her in]. Then he obtained freedom of choice from Jo ve [Zeus], to gain whatever he sought from them. Therefore Neptunus [Poseidon], because he was hostile to Minerva [Athene], urged Volcanus [Hephaistos] to ask f or Minerva in marriage." [N.B. Aphrodite rather than Athena was probably the bride requested as his rewar d in the original version of this story.] Suidas s.v. Deimos (trans. Suda On Line) (Byzantine Greek lexicon C10th A.D.) : "Deimos (Fear): [Deimos (Fear)] and Phobos (Fright) and Kydoimos (Din of War), a ttendants of Ares, the sons of war; they too experienced what Ares did, after He phaistos had not been frightened by them." [N.B. When Ares tried to fetch Hephaistos to Olympos to release Hera from the th rone, the prize for this labour being the hand of Aphrodite in marriage - which Hephaistos then claimed for himself.] On the Francois vase (Athenian black figure vaseC6th B.C.) Hera is depicted trap ped on the throne with her hands raised helplessly, as Ares, who has failed, sit s in a humble pose with Athena looking scornfully at him. Meanwhile Dionysos, en ters, leading the mule on which Hephaistos is seated, to Aphrodite who stands wa iting as the prize of marriage. II) APHRODITE AS WIFE OF HEPHAISTOS Apollonius Rhodius, Argonautica 3. 36 ff (trans. Rieu) (Greek epic C3rd B.C.) : "The palace of Aphrodite, which her lame consort Hephaistos had built for her wh en he took her as his bride from the hands of Zeus. They [Hera and Athene] enter ed the courtyard and paused below the veranda of the room where the goddess slep t with her lord and master." Apollonius Rhodius, Argonautica 1. 850 ff : "Kypris [Aphrodite], the goddess of desire, had done her sweet work in their hea rts [and mated the visiting Argonauts with the widowed women of Lemnos]. She wis hed to please Hephaistos, the great Artificer, and save his isle of Lemnos from ever lacking men again . The whole city [of Lemnos] was alive with dance and banquet. The scent of burnt-offerings filled the air; and of all the immortals, it was Hera s glorious son Hephaistos and Kypris [Aphrodite] herself whom their songs and sacrifices were designed to please." Virgil, Aeneid 8. 372 ff (trans. Day-Lewis) (Roman epic C1st B.C.) : "Venus [Aphrodite] . spoke to her husband, Volcanos [Hephaistos], as they la y in their golden bed-chamber, breathing into the words all her divine alluremen t [persuading him to forge armour for her son Aeneas in Latium] . Since Volc anos [Hephaistos] complied not at once, the goddess softly embraced him in snowd rift arms, caressing him here and there. Of a sudden he caught the familiar spar k and felt the old warmth darting into his marrow, coursing right though his bod y, melting him; just as it often happens a thunderclap starts a flaming rent whi ch ladders the dark cloud, a quivering streak of fire. Pleased with her wiles an d aware of her beauty, Venus [Aphrodite] could feel them taking effect. Volcanus [Hephaistos], in love’s undying thrall [conceded to her requests] . Thus sayi ng, he gave his wife the love he was aching to give her; then he sank into sooth ing sleep, relaxed upon her breast." III) APHRODITE BARES CHILDREN TO HER PARAMOUR ARES Nonnus, Dionysiaca 5. 88 ff (trans. Rouse) (Greek epic C5th A.D.) : "Aphrodite wishing to delight Ares in the deep shrewdness of her mind, clasped a golden necklace showing place about the girl’s blushing neck [a gift to their dau ghter Harmonia at her marriage to Kadmos], a clever work of Hephaistos set with sparkling gems in masterly refinement. This he had made for his Kyprian bride, a gift for his first glimpse of Archer Eros (Love) [born to Aphrodite, as the wif e of Hephaistos, but fathered by her paramor Ares].
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Naming the Extrasolar Planets
    Naming the extrasolar planets W. Lyra Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, K¨onigstuhl 17, 69177, Heidelberg, Germany [email protected] Abstract and OGLE-TR-182 b, which does not help educators convey the message that these planets are quite similar to Jupiter. Extrasolar planets are not named and are referred to only In stark contrast, the sentence“planet Apollo is a gas giant by their assigned scientific designation. The reason given like Jupiter” is heavily - yet invisibly - coated with Coper- by the IAU to not name the planets is that it is consid- nicanism. ered impractical as planets are expected to be common. I One reason given by the IAU for not considering naming advance some reasons as to why this logic is flawed, and sug- the extrasolar planets is that it is a task deemed impractical. gest names for the 403 extrasolar planet candidates known One source is quoted as having said “if planets are found to as of Oct 2009. The names follow a scheme of association occur very frequently in the Universe, a system of individual with the constellation that the host star pertains to, and names for planets might well rapidly be found equally im- therefore are mostly drawn from Roman-Greek mythology. practicable as it is for stars, as planet discoveries progress.” Other mythologies may also be used given that a suitable 1. This leads to a second argument. It is indeed impractical association is established. to name all stars. But some stars are named nonetheless. In fact, all other classes of astronomical bodies are named.
    [Show full text]
  • Goddess Euthenia • Euthenia Is Considered of Alexandrian Origin, Carrying Traits That Represent the Combination of the Egyptian Religion and the Roman Religion
    ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﻟﻣﻧﯾﺎ ﻛﻠﯾﺔ اﻟﺳﯾﺎﺣﺔ واﻟﻔﻧﺎدق ﻗﺳم اﻻرﺷﺎد اﻟﺳﯾﺎﺣﻲ اﻟﻔرﻗﺔ اﻟﺛﺎﻟﺛﺔ ﻣﻘرر ارﺷﺎد ﺳﯾﺎﺣﻲ ﺗطﺑﯾﻘﻲ ٤ ﻛود اﻟﻣﻘرر: رس ٣٢٧ Selected pieces from the Graeco-Roman Museum in Alexandria Lecture 2: - Statue of Nilus - Statue of Euthenia د. ﻓرج ﻋﺑﯾد زﻛﻲ ﻣدرس اﻻرﺷﺎد اﻟﺳﯾﺎﺣﻲ ﺑﻛﻠﯾﺔ اﻟﺳﯾﺎﺣﺔ واﻟﻔﻧﺎدق - ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﻟﻣﻧﯾﺎ وﺳﯾﻠﺔ اﻟﺗواﺻل: [email protected] Selected Pieces from the Graeco- Roman Museum in Alexandria Statue of Nilus Identification card: Material: marble Date: Roman Period, 2nd cent. AD Place of Discovery: Alexandria, Sidi Bishr. The Nile god in ancient Egypt: There was no Nile god in the ancient Egyptian civilization, but there was a deification of the annual flooding; the god Hapy. The ancient Egyptian did not worship the Nile in its abstract form, but sanctified it for being the main source of prosperity and land fertility in the country. God Nilus In Greaeco-Roman Period: The Greeks and Romans on the other hand did worship rivers which they personified as aged deities representing them with full heads of long locks and flowing beards and mustaches, often depicted, as here, reclining. Several details allude to the role of the River Nile personified as Nilus, the source of bounty and prosperity. In the Graeco- Roman Period, Nilus became the Nile god The Nile Inundation in ancient Egypt and Graeco- Roman Period: The increase in the level of the Nile was measured by an arm (1 arm = 0.52 m). This was done by means of the Nilometers that spread throughout Egypt. The Nilometers were found in some important temples. The most famous Nilometers in Egypt were the one found at Elephantine Island, that at Edfu Temple, and the one at Serapium Temple in Alexandria.
    [Show full text]
  • Gold Jewellery in Ptolemaic, Roman and Byzantine Egypt. Jack M
    Gold Jewellery in Ptolemaic, Roman and Byzantine Egypt. Jack M. Ogden ABSTRACT This study deals with the gold jewellery made and worn in Egypt during the millennium between Alexander the Great's invasion of Egypt and the Arab conquest. Funerary jewellery is largely ignored as are ornaments in the traditional, older Egyptian styles. The work draws upon a wide variety of evidence, in particular the style, composition and construction of surviving jewellery, the many repre- sentations of jewellery in wear, such as funerary portraits, and the numerous literary references from the papyri and from Classical and early Christian writers. Egypt, during the period considered, has provided a greater wealth of such information than anywhere else in the ancient or medieval world and this allows a broadly based study of jewellery in a single ancient society. The individual chapters deal with a brief historical background; the information available from papyri and other literary sources; the sources, distribution, composition and value of gold; the origins and use of mineral and organic gem materials; the economic and social organisation of the goldsmiths' trade; and the individual jewellery types, their chronology, manufacture and significance. This last section is covered in four chapters which deal respectively with rings, earrings, necklets and pendants, and bracelets and armiets. These nine chapters are followed by a detailed bibliography and a list of the 511 illustrations. Gold Jewellery in Ptolemaic, Roman and Byzantine Egypt. In two volumes Volume 1 - Text. Jack M. Ogden Ph.D. Thesis Universtity of Durham, Department of Oriental Studies. © 1990 The copyright of this thesis rests with the author.
    [Show full text]
  • The First Philosophers of Greece;
    CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY GIFT OF E. T. Paine Cornell University Library B165 .F16 First philosophers of Greece- an edition 3 1924 029 013 162 olin 31 Cornell University Library The original of tiiis book is in tine Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924029013162 THE FIEST PHILOSOPHEES OF GEEECE THE FIEST PHILOSOPHEES OF GEEEGE AN EDITION AND TRANSLATION OF THE EEMAINING FBAGMENTS OP THE PEE-SOKEATIC PHILOSOPHEES, TOGETHEE WITH A TRANSLATION OP THE MORE IMPORTANT ACCOUNTS OP THEIR OPINIONS CONTAINED IN THE EARLY EPITOMES OP THEIR WORKS BY AETHUE PAIEBANKS LONDON /C^>v ^'^ KEGAN PAUL, TEENCH, TEUBNEE & CO. Ltd. .:, PATEENOSTEB HOUSE, CHAEING CEOS^ IeIOAD f''> 1898 '^yi'*"".,,..,' S) IINIV!. 'r n, Y f\]}il^^ .-^^ j^,' {Thi rights PREFACE The Hegelian School, and in particular Zeller, have shown us the place of the earlier thinkers in the history of Greek thought, and the importance of a knowledge of their work for all who wish to understand Plato and Aristotle. Since Zeller's monumental work, several writers (e.g. Benn, Greek Philosophers, vol. i. London ,1883 ; Tannery, Science hellene, Paris 1887 ; Burnet, Early Greek Philosophy, London 1892) have traced for us the history of this development, but the student who desires to go behind these accounts and examine the evidence for himself still finds the material dif&cult of access. This material consists of numerous short fragments preserved by later writers, and of accounts of the opinions of these thinkers given mainly by Aristotle and by the Grreek doxographists (i.e.
    [Show full text]
  • Sr.No LLPIN/FLLPIN Name of the Entity
    Sr.No LLPIN/FLLPIN Name of the entity Date of Registration 1 AAD-1313 JAI GANESH BUILDCON LLP 12/31/2014 2 AAD-1308 ADINATH HI-TECH EATABLES LLP 12/31/2014 3 AAD-1306 BEYOND NIRMITI LLP 12/31/2014 4 AAD-1305 NIMBLE TECHNO SOLUTIONS LIMITED LIABILITY PARTNERSHIP 12/31/2014 5 AAD-1295 MADHUBAN SPACES LLP 12/31/2014 6 AAD-1294 BLUEDATA TECHNOLOGIES LLP 12/31/2014 7 AAD-1293 CLISACO FIRST REALITY LLP 12/31/2014 8 AAA-0008 CORPORATE LEGAL COUNSELLORS LLP 5/4/2009 9 AAD-1292 HI TECH PRECISION LLP 12/31/2014 10 AAD-1291 MOODAK ENGINEERS LLP 12/31/2014 11 AAD-1290 DAILYFEED RETAIL SERVICES LLP 12/31/2014 12 AAD-1287 BEYOND CONSTROWORLD LLP 12/31/2014 13 AAD-1261 CHAITANYA YOG DEVELOPERS LLP 12/30/2014 14 AAD-1260 BLACKOWLS FOOD EXPRESS LLP 12/30/2014 15 AAD-1259 WINNER GRAFIC LLP 12/30/2014 16 AAD-1258 SAHIL EASTZONE PRODUCT MARKETING LLP 12/30/2014 17 AAD-1257 MIBH MEDIA NETWORK LLP 12/30/2014 18 AAD-1254 GREENTREE FINANCIAL CONSULTANTS LLP 12/30/2014 19 AAD-1253 NEON AVISHKAR LLP 12/30/2014 20 AAD-1252 MILOS PLANT LLP 12/30/2014 21 AAD-1250 PRAMOD KUMAR AND SONS LLP 12/30/2014 22 AAD-1247 K MORDANI REALTY LLP 12/30/2014 23 AAD-1243 BHAGWATI REFINERIES LLP 12/30/2014 24 AAD-1242 MURARI ORCHARDS LIMITED LIABILITY PARTNERSHIP 12/30/2014 25 AAD-1241 FAMOUS AGENCIES LLP 12/30/2014 26 AAD-1240 GLAM PROPERTIES LLP 12/30/2014 27 AAD-1239 G.R.T TRADING AND INFRASTRUCTUE LLP 12/30/2014 28 AAD-1236 MANGAL BHOOMI BUILDERS & DEVELOPERS LLP 12/30/2014 29 AAA-0029 CASCADE AUTOMATION LLP 6/5/2009 30 AAA-0030 FORTIUS MARKETING LLP 6/8/2009 31 AAD-1235 QUALITAS
    [Show full text]
  • What Do the Artistic Representations of Antinous Reveal About His Reception in the Roman Period?’ by Emily Sherriff (STAAR 9 -2019)
    St Anne’s Academic Review 2019 Emily Sherriff 1 2 What do the artistic representations of Antinous reveal about his 3 reception in the Roman period? 4 5 Classical Archaeology, Faculty of Classics 6 7 *** 8 9 Abstract 10 There are more portrait depictions of Antinous, a country boy from Asia Minor, than 11 of most Roman emperors. Does the relationship between Emperor Hadrian and 12 Antinous explain the high number of representations, or can it be explained by 13 Antinous’ deification and flexibility as a hero and god? In this article I have examined 14 a variety of artistic representations of Antinous from different locations around the 15 Roman Empire and discussed why these representations were made, and what they 16 meant for those viewing them. In doing so I show that Antinous was more than just a 17 favourite of Hadrian: in death, to the people who participated in his cult, he became a 18 genuine focus of worship, who had the tangible powers and abilities of a deity. 19 20 21 Introduction 22 Portrait depictions of Antinous were not reserved to one type or location; 23 instead, these depictions have been found in a variety of settings across the Roman 24 Empire and range from colossal statues and busts, to smaller portable items such as 25 coins and cameos (Opper 2008, 186). The variety of representations of Antinous 26 perhaps explains why there is such a vast quantity of depictions of him from the Roman 27 world. Antinous is most commonly depicted with attributes or poses usually associated 28 with deities, alluding to his deification and subsequent worship in the years following 29 his death in AD 130.
    [Show full text]
  • An Orpheus Among the Animals at Dumbarton Oaks , Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies, 33:4 (1992:Winter) P.405
    MADIGAN, BRIAN, An Orpheus Among the Animals at Dumbarton Oaks , Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies, 33:4 (1992:Winter) p.405 An Orpheus Among the Animals at Dumbarton Oaks Brian Madigan ROM TRANSITIONS between given historical periods come F some of the more problematic cases of meaning in the visual arts, where the precise significance of a subject can shift with changes in iconographic detail, the audience, or the specific context within which the subject is understood. A textile from Egypt in the collection of Dumbarton Oaks (PLATE 1) offers such a case, though it has received scant attention.1 The traditional periodic designations of 'Early Christian', 'Byzantine', or 'Coptic', which might be applied to this textile, lose some­ thing of their convenience here because they indicate a more precise and certain religious intention on the part of the creator and the consumer of the object than the complex conditions of surviving pagan and developing Christian traditions and our im­ perfect modern understanding of them would seem to warrant. The subject here is not an uncommon one in works of visual art from Late Antiquity: Orpheus charming a gathering of animals with his song. A possible Christian interpretation of Orpheus generally, and by extension this old pagan subject in particular has been much discussed. 2 But the Christian interpretations 1 Inv. 74.124.19. H. Peirce and R. Tyler, L'art byzantin (Paris 1934) 122; J. Huskinson, "Some Pagan Mythological Figures and their Significance in Early Christian Art," BRS 42 (1974) 92 n.12. J. B. Friedman, "Syncretism and Allegory in the Jerusalem Mosaic," Traditio 23 (1967) 8 n.25, refers to this textile as one of three examples of Early Christian depictions of Orpheus including a Pan or centaur; in fact there are others, as will be discussed below.
    [Show full text]
  • Femina Princeps: the Life and Legacy of Livia Drusilla
    Distribution Agreement In presenting this thesis as a partial fulfillment of the requirements for a degree from Emory University, I hereby grant to Emory University and its agents the non-exclusive license to archive, make accessible, and display my thesis in whole or in part in all forms of media, now or hereafter now, including display on the World Wide Web. I understand that I may select some access restrictions as part of the online submission of this thesis. I retain all ownership rights to the copyright of the thesis. I also retain the right to use in future works (such as articles or books) all or part of this thesis. Clare A Reid April 9, 2019 Femina Princeps: The Life and Reputation of Livia Drusilla by Clare A Reid Dr. Niall Slater Adviser Department of Classics Dr. Niall Slater Adviser Dr. Katrina Dickson Committee Member Dr. James Morey Committee Member 2019 Femina Princeps: The Life and Reputation of Livia Drusilla By Clare A Reid Dr. Niall Slater Adviser An abstract of a thesis submitted to the Faculty of Emory College of Arts and Sciences of Emory University in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of Bachelor of Arts with Honors Department of Classics 2019 Abstract Femina Princeps: The Life and Reputation of Livia Drusilla By Clare Reid Livia Drusilla is not a figure many are intimately acquainted with outside the field of Classics, but, certainly, everyone has heard of her family. Wife of Augustus, the founder of the Roman Empire, mother of the emperor Tiberius, grandmother of the emperor Claudius, great-grandmother of the emperor Caligula, and great-great-grandmother of the emperor Nero, Livia gave rise to a brood (all notably not from Augustus but descended from her children from her first marriage) who shaped the early years of the Roman Empire.
    [Show full text]
  • Looking at the Past of Greece Through the Eyes of Greeks Maria G
    Looking at the Past of Greece through the Eyes of Greeks Maria G. Zachariou 1 Table of Contents Introduction 00 Section I: Archaeology in Greece in the 19th Century 00 Section II: Archaeology in Greece in the 20th Century 00 Section III: Archaeology in Greece in the Early 21st Century 00 Conclusion: How the Economic Crisis in Greece is Affecting Archaeology Appendix: Events, Resources, Dates, and People 00 2 Introduction The history of archaeology in Greece as it has been conducted by the Greeks themselves is too major an undertaking to be presented thoroughly within the limits of the current paper.1 Nonetheless, an effort has been made to outline the course of archaeology in Greece from the 19th century to the present day with particular attention to the native Greek contribution. The presentation of the historical facts and personalities that played a leading and vital role in the formation of the archaeological affairs in Greece is realized in three sections: archaeology in Greece during the 19th, the 20th, and the 21st centuries. Crucial historical events, remarkable people, such as politicians and scholars, institutions and societies, are introduced in chronological order, with the hope that the reader will acquire a coherent idea of the evolution of archaeology in Greece from the time of its genesis in the 19th century to the present. References to these few people and events do not suggest by any means that there were not others. The personal decisions and scientific work of native Greek archaeologists past and present has contributed significantly to the same goal: the development of archaeology in Greece.
    [Show full text]
  • The Routledge Handbook of Greek Mythology
    — Early Castles of Stone — 1111 2 3 4 5 THE ROUTLEDGE HANDBOOK 6 OF GREEK MYTHOLOGY 7 8 ᇹᇺᇹ 9 11110 11 12 13 14 11115 16 17 18 19 11120 21 22 23 24 25111 26 27 28 29 11130 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 11140 41 42 43 44 45 11146 1111 2 3 4 5 THE ROUTLEDGE 6 7 HANDBOOK OF GREEK 8 9 11110 MYTHOLOGY 11 ᇹᇺᇹ 12 13 14 11115 Based on 16 17 H.J. Rose’s Handbook of 18 Greek Mythology 19 11120 21 22 23 24 25111 Robin Hard 26 27 28 29 11130 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 11140 41 42 43 44 45 11146 First published 2004 by Routledge 11 New Fetter Lane, London EC4P 4EE Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada by Routledge 29 West 35th Street, New York, NY 10001 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2004. © 2004 Robin Hard All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data A catalog record has been requested for this title ISBN 0-203-44633-X Master e-book ISBN ISBN 0-203-75457-3 (Adobe eReader Format) ISBN 0–415–18636–6 (Print Edition) 1111 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 11110 11 12 13 14 11115 In Memory of 16 LAUNCELOT FREDERIC HARD 17 18 1916–2002 19 11120 21
    [Show full text]
  • Law and Its Order
    Loyola University Chicago Loyola eCommons Master's Theses Theses and Dissertations 2010 Law and Its Order Daniele Manni Loyola University Chicago Follow this and additional works at: https://ecommons.luc.edu/luc_theses Part of the Philosophy Commons Recommended Citation Manni, Daniele, "Law and Its Order" (2010). Master's Theses. 523. https://ecommons.luc.edu/luc_theses/523 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses and Dissertations at Loyola eCommons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master's Theses by an authorized administrator of Loyola eCommons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 License. Copyright © 2010 Daniele Manni LOYOLA UNIVERSITY CHICAGO LAW AND ITS ORDER: THE PRIORITY OF ETHICS OVER LEGISLATION IN PLATO'S LAWS. A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE GRADUATE SCHOOL IN CANDIDACY FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS PROGRAM IN PHILOSOPHY BY DANIELE MANNI CHICAGO, IL MAY 2010 Copyright by Daniele Manni,2010 Allrightsreserved TABLE OF CONTENTS LAW AND ITS ORDER .................................................................................................1 Introduction..................................................................................................................1 The Constitution of the Laws ........................................................................................5 The Priority of Ethics over Laws ................................................................................22
    [Show full text]
  • Hesiod, the Poems and Fragments (8Thc Bc)
    Hesiod_0606 10/14/2005 05:13 PM THE ONLINE LIBRARY OF LIBERTY © Liberty Fund, Inc. 2005 http://oll.libertyfund.org/Home3/index.php HESIOD, THE POEMS AND FRAGMENTS (8THC BC) URL of this E-Book: http://oll.libertyfund.org/EBooks/Hesiod_0606.pdf URL of original HTML file: http://oll.libertyfund.org/Home3/HTML.php?recordID=0606 ABOUT THE AUTHOR The early Greek poet Hesiod is credited with the invention of didactic poetry around 700 B.C. His surviving works are the Theogony, relating to the stories of the gods, and the Works and Days, relating to peasant life. Hesiod’s poetry includes passages critical of those aristoi who support themselves on the labors of others rather than through their own exertions. ABOUT THE BOOK A collection of Hesiod’s poems and fragments, including Theogony which are stories of the gods, and the Works and Days which deals with peasant life. THE EDITION USED The Poems and Fragments done into English Prose with Introduction and Appendices by A.W. Mair M.A. (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1908). COPYRIGHT INFORMATION The text of this edition is in the public domain. FAIR USE STATEMENT This material is put online to further the educational goals of Liberty Fund, Inc. Unless otherwise stated in the Copyright Information section above, this material may be used freely for educational and academic purposes. It may not be used in any way for profit. http://oll.libertyfund.org/Home3/EBook.php?recordID=0606 Page 1 of 163 Hesiod_0606 10/14/2005 05:13 PM _______________________________________________________ TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE INTRODUCTION I.
    [Show full text]