The Belmont Report Expert Category: Respect for Persons Collaboration Level: 0

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CSCI 3715: Human-Computer Interaction Instructor: Prof. Harmon The Belmont Report Expert Category: Respect for Persons Collaboration Level: 0 Learning Objective • Analyze and discuss the ethical use of human participants in a given scenario by applying the core principles of the Belmont Report (respect for persons, beneficence, and justice). Respect for Persons When people are empowered to make decisions concerning their own actions and well-being, they possess autonomy. The respect for persons principle requires that researchers ensure that participants are treated as autonomous agents, and persons with diminished autonomy (i.e., those who may not be capable of making choices that are in their best interest) are protected. The following is thus required: • Individuals must always be given the choice whether to participate in research. Further, they must have sufficient information and possess the mental competence to make that choice. • Special care must be taken to protect those with diminished decision-making capacity (e.g., children, prisoners, or elderly persons). • Individuals must be free to choose to participate in research, and must not feel coerced to do so. • Individuals must be free to end their participation for any reason, without consequences. • Researchers must disclose all information needed for participants to make an informed decision. • Researchers must ensure participants understand what has been disclosed. • Researchers must be truthful. Protocols that include deception require extensive review by the IRB to ensure participants are respected and informed. Often, respect for persons is documented by way of an informed consent document. In this document, the researcher discloses the purpose of the research, a description of what the subject will be asked to do, the expected duration of the study, and any foreseeable risks of harm. The form should also indicate that the study is voluntary and subjects are free to withdraw at any time. Discussion Questions 1. Chloe is building a speech therapy app to help young children who have received cleft palate surgery, and wants to collect demographic data. How could Chloe make sure she abides by the respect for persons principle? 2. The Belmont Report states that (1) participants be given sufficient information, (2) all information be presented in an understandable manner, and (3) consent must be voluntary. Which of these do you think are the most complex or difficult for researchers to ensure, and why?.

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The Belmont Report Ethical Principles and Guidelines for the Protection of Human Subjects of Research
THE BELMONT REPORT ETHICAL PRINCIPLES AND GUIDELINES FOR THE PROTECTION OF HUMAN SUBJECTS OF RESEARCH The National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research April 18, 1979 SUMMARY: On July 12, 1974, the National Research Act (Pub. L. 93-348) was signed into law, there-by creating the National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research. One of the charges to the Commission was to identify the basic ethical principles that should underlie the conduct of biomedical and behavioral research involving human subjects and to develop guidelines which should be followed to assure that such research is conducted in accordance with those principles. In carrying out the above, the Commission was directed to consider: (i) the boundaries between biomedical and behavioral research and the accepted and routine practice of medicine, (ii) the role of assessment of risk-benefit criteria in the determination of the appropriateness of research involving human subjects, (iii) appropriate guidelines for the selection of human subjects for participation in such research and (iv) the nature and definition of informed consent in various research settings. The Belmont Report attempts to summarize the basic ethical principles identified by the Commission in the course of its deliberations. It is the outgrowth of an intensive four-day period of discussions that were held in February 1976 at the Smithsonian Institution's Belmont Conference Center supplemented by the monthly deliberations of the Commission that were held over a period of nearly four years. It is a statement of basic ethical principles and guidelines that should assist in resolving the ethical problems that surround the conduct of research with human subjects.
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Autonomy in Research: Respect for Persons and Informed Consent
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike License. Your use of this material constitutes acceptance of that license and the conditions of use of materials on this site. Copyright 2006, The Johns Hopkins University and Holly Taylor. All rights reserved. Use of these materials permitted only in accordance with license rights granted. Materials provided “AS IS”; no representations or warranties provided. User assumes all responsibility for use, and all liability related thereto, and must independently review all materials for accuracy and efficacy. May contain materials owned by others. User is responsible for obtaining permissions for use from third parties as needed. Ethical Analysis Holly Taylor, MPH, PhD Johns Hopkins University Ethical Analysis Topics to be covered – Introduction to ethics – Framework for ethical analysis – Supplementing the framework 3 Section A Introduction to Ethics Normative Ethical Theory Person(s) Actions Consequences Continued 5 Normative Ethical Theory Virtue theory Consequentialist theory Non-consequentialist theory 6 Virtue Theory (Aristotle) Focus on person Cultivation of virtuous traits Image Source: www.epistemelinks.com Continued 7 Virtue Theory (Aristotle) “A just person—that is a person with the virtue of fairness—not only has the disposition to act fairly, but when so acting has a morally appropriate desire to do so. The person characteristically has a moral concern and reservation about acting in a way that would be unfair (p. 214).” Source: Beauchamp,
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