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Surficial Uranium Deposits IAEA-TECDOC-322 SURFICIAL URANIUM DEPOSITS REPORT OF THE WORKING GROUP ON URANIUM GEOLOGY ORGANIZEE TH Y DB INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY TECHNICAA L DOCUMENT ISSUEE TH Y DB INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY, VIENNA, 1984 SURFICIAL URANIUM DEPOSITS, IAEA, VIENNA, 1984 IAEA-TECDOC-322 Printed by the IAEA in Austria December 1984 FOREWORD greae Th t surg f intereso e exploration i t r uraniunfo m deposits ove lase th rt decad addes eha d significantlo yt r knowledgou f uraniueo m naturgeologe th d f uraniueo yan m deposits. informatioMuce th f ho n developey db government and industry programmes is not widely available, and in many cases has not been systematically co- ordinated, organized and prepared for publication. With the current cut-back in uranium exploration and research, therreaa s i le danger tha t e knowledgmucth f ho e gained willose b l t and, wit anticipatee hth d resurgence of interest in the future, will again have to be developed, with a consequent loss of time, money and attempn efforta n I o gathe.t t mose th r t important informatio typee th f uraniusn o n o m deposits seriea , f so reports are being prepared, each covering a specific type of deposit. These reports are a product of the Agency's Working Grou n Uraniupo m Geology. This group, whic bees hha n active since 1970, gather exchanged san s information on key issues of uranium geology and coordinates investigations on important geological questions. The project Workine th f so g Grou Uraniun po m Geologprojece th d ytan leaders are: Sedimentary Basin Sandstond san Warre— e Typn eFinc Deposith s Uranium Deposit Proterozoin si c Quartz-Pebble Conglomerate - Desmons d Pretorius Vein Type Uranium Deposits — Helmut Fuchs Proterozoic Unconformit Stratd yan a Bound Uranium Deposit Joh— sn Ferguson Surf icial Deposits — Dennis Toens The success of the projects has been heavily dependent on the dedication and efforts of the project leaders and their organizations. Withou active th t e participatio contributiod nan f worlno d expert typee th f depositsn o s o s involved, this volume woul t havdno e reached fruition Agence Th . y wishe exteno st thanks dl involveit al o st d in the projects for their efforts. The reports constitute an important addition to the literature on uranium geology and as such are expected to have a warm reception by the Member States of the Agency and the uranium community, world-wide. Special thank extendee s. ar Denni Dr o dt s Toen r guidinsfo wore g th f thi ko s project . BriaDr no t , Hambleton- Jone r compilinsfo Nucleaeditine d th g an papere o t g th r d Developmensan t Corporatio staf s r theiit fo d f rnan wor preparinn ko g this repor Surn o t f icial Uranium Deposits. Joh . PattersonA n Scientific Secretary PLEAS AWARE EB E THAT ALL OF THE MISSING PAGES IN THIS DOCUMENT WERE ORIGINALLY BLANK CONTENTS Introduction............................................................................ 7 P.D. Toens Definition and Classification of Surficial Uranium Deposits ................................... 9 P.D. Toens, B.B. Hambleton-Jones Processu Minéralisatioe sd n Uranifére Calcretess sde Hypothèse Un : Pédologiqun eNo e ........5 1 . P. Briot . FuchY , s Surficial Uranium Occurrence Relation si Climato nt Physicad ean l Setting ....................5 2 . D. Carlisle Petrology, Mineralogy and Geochemistry of Surficial Uranium Deposits ........................ 37 M. Pagel The Genesis of Surficial Uranium Deposits ................................................. 45 D.R. Boyle Uraniu mLateritin i c Terranes ............................................................3 5 . U.C. Samama Exploration for Surficial Uranium Deposits.................................................. 61 B.B. Hambleton-Jones, R.G. Heard, P.D. Toens The Application of Supervised Classification to Landsat Data in the Exploration for Surficial Uranium Deposits Exampl—n A e from Western Australia ............................................5 6 . E.U. Krische, F. Quiel The Application of Landsat Imagery for Delineating Potential Surficial Uranium Deposits in Namibia.... 71 B.B. Hambleton-Jones, A. Caithness AssessmenHydrogeochemistrf n o A e Us e th f to Exploratioyn i Calcretr nfo e Uraniu mAustralia.....n i 5 7 . W.G. Middleton Calculation of the Carnotite Solubility Index ................................................ 81 B.B. Hambleton-Jones, M.C.B. Smit Natural and Induced Disequilibrium in Surficial Uranium Deposits ............................. 87 B.B. Hambleton-Jones, N.J.B. Andersen A Geostatistical Evaluatio Napperbe th f no y Surficial Uranium Deposit Northern Territory, Australi5 9 . a.. H. Akin . BianconF , i Beneficiation of Surficial Uranium Deposits................................................. 101 H.A. Simonsen . Fleete,W r Dépôts Superficiels D'Uraniu Algérimn e e .................................................7 10 . M. Mokaddem, Y. Fuchs Surficial Uranium Deposit Argentina...................................................n si 3 11 . F. Rodrigo . OlsenH , , A.E. Belluco Surficial Uranium Deposit Australin si a ...................................................9 11 . C.R.M. Butt, A.W. Mann Régional Setting, Distribution and Genesis of Surficial Uranium Deposits in Calcretes and Associated Sédiments in Western Australia........................................................... 121 C.R.M. Butt, A.W. Mann, R.C. Horwitz Lake Austin Uranium Deposit, Western Australia ...........................................9 12 . A.G. Heath DeutscherL R. , , C.R.M. Butt Hinkler Wel l- Centiped e Uranium Deposits ...............................................3 13 . D. Crabb . DudleyR , , A.W. Mann Lake Maitland Uranium Deposit..........................................................7 13 . R.J. Cavaney The Lake Raeside Uranium Deposit. ...'.................................................... 141 D.S. Gamble Lake Way Uranium Deposit Wiluna, Western Australia ...................................... 149 R.R. French, J.H. Alien The Yeelirrie Calcrete Uranium Deposit Western Australia ..................................7 15 . E. Cameron Uranium Series Disequilibriu Carnotite th mn i e Deposit f Westerso n Australia. .................5 16 . B.L Dickson Surficial Uranium Deposits in Botswana. ................................................... 171 C. Mortimer Surficial Uranium Deposits in Canada...................................................... 179 R.R. Culbert, D.R. Boyle, A.A. Levinson Depositos Superficiales de Uranio en el N orte de Chile. ...................................... 193 LE. Ferez Uranium Enrichment in European Peat Bogs................................................ 197 M.R. Wilson Dépôts Superficiels D'Uraniu Mauritanie..............................................n me 1 20 . P. Briot Surficial Uranium Deposit Namibia....................................................n si 5 20 . B.B. Hambleton-Jones Surficial Uranium Deposits in Somalia ..................................................... 217 P. Briot Surficial Uranium Deposits in South Africa ................................................. 221 B.B. Hambleton-Jones Surficial Uranium Occurenée Uniteé th n si d Republi f Tanzanico a ...............................1 23 . F. Bianconi . BorshofJ , f Surficial Uranium Deposits in the United States of America................................... 237 J.K. Otton Surficial Uranium Deposits: Summar Conclusions.....................................d yan 3 24 . J.K. Otton List of Participants and Co-Workers ....................................................... 249 INTRODUCTION P.D. TOENS Nuclear Development Corp. Southof Africa (PtyJLtd Pretoria, South Africa In order to achieve theobjectives as set out in the Foreword, this project was formally constituted in June 1981, and consiste groua f d o f scientist po s fro countriesn mte l withal , acknowledged expertis fiele th f surficiad o n ei l uranium deposits. This volum collective th es i e membere efforth f groupe o t th thei d f so an ,r associatesf o l al , whom have given of their time on a purely voluntary basis. This has been done with the full cooperation of the authoritie participatine th n si g countries which somn i , e cases, also bor travelline eth g expense atteno st d meetings comprehensivA . e lis f participanto t co-workerd f thio san sd volumeen givee s si th t n.a The group has had to contend with many problems, such as the reluctance of some countries to actively participate and the confidentiality of company-related information. A volume of this nature has therefore perforce many self-evident shortcomings meano n y regardeb e sb n ca d all-embracings da an regardee b bestn s it ca t t .A ,i d f 1983o d en . e ath s t representina s a t ar e state th gth f eo The discover surficiaf yo l uraniu depositse mor particulan i , r Yeelirrie, durin earle gth y seventies highlightee dth importanc surfacf eo e phenomena, other tha weatherine nth primarf go y uraniu depositse mor concentratinn ,i g uranium. Factors such as epeirogenesis and climatic stability are extremely important in the preservation of these deposits and in particular those that are Upper Tertiary to Recent in age. However, it is possible that certain surficial deposits could have been preserved under a protective sedimentary or volcanic cover. Although unanimit t beeno ns reachedyha t wouli , d seem that deposits usually termed uraniferous calcretes, dolocretes or gypcretes cannot, in the strict sense of the term, be described as such, since in numerous cases the CaCO conten . Althoug les% s i t 0 s1 thatermr e
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