DOCSLIB.ORG

Taiwan (Republic of China)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Taiwan (Republic of China) CultureGramsTM World Edition 2014 Taiwan (Republic of China) between mainland China and Taiwan began as early as the BACKGROUND T'ang Dynasty (AD 618–907). In 1624, the Dutch established a presence on the island. In 1683, the Manchus of mainland Land and Climate China conquered it and made it a province of China, which Area (sq. mi.): 13,892 resulted in a significant increase of immigration from Area (sq. km.): 35,980 mainland China. Revolution and Civil War Taiwan is a partially tropical island about the size of Belgium The island was ceded to Japan following the Sino-Japanese or the U.S. state of Maryland. It is located about 100 miles War (1895) and remained under Japanese control until 1945. (160 kilometers) east of mainland China. The government of During that period, forces on mainland China battled for Taiwan also controls the Penghu Islands (off Taiwan's west control of China's government. A successful revolution coast) and islands near China's coast (Chinmen, Matsu, and inspired by Sun Yat-sen founded the Republic of China Wuchiu). A north-south mountain range forms the backbone (ROC) in 1912, but the new government was overshadowed of the island. The highest peak is Yushan, with an elevation by the activities of contending warlords. Sun's Nationalist, or of 13,110 feet (3,996 meters). To the west of the central Kuomingtang (KMT), political movement was led by General mountain range is a fertile plain, which contains the majority Chiang Kai-shek after Sun died (1925). Chiang battled the of the population and most of the agricultural activity. Communist forces of Mao Zedong, but they both fought Taiwan's north has warm, humid summers and cold, rainy against the Japanese (1937–45). After Japan was defeated, the winters; some snow falls at higher elevations. Southern civil war continued. Mao's growing army forced Chiang's Taiwan is warmer, and rain falls mostly in the summer. troops and the ROC government to flee to Taiwan in 1949, Typhoons are possible from June to October. Average where Nationalists expected to regroup before returning to the summer highs range from 89 to 100°F (32–38°C); average mainland. winter lows are between 54 and 64°F (12–18°C). The island When a return proved impossible, Chiang declared the is subject to numerous small earthquakes every year and KMT the legitimate government of all of China. Plans by the larger quakes on a less frequent basis. mainland People's Republic of China (PRC) to invade the island were blocked in 1950 by the United States. In 1954, the History United States signed an agreement to protect Taiwan in case Origins and Immigration of attack from the mainland. Much of the world recognized Taiwan has been inhabited for thousands of years, and the ROC as China's, and thus Taiwan's, legitimate Taiwan's indigenous peoples successfully maintained their government. autonomy until well into the 17th century. Regular contact KMT Rule 1 TM CultureGrams Taiwan The KMT ruled Taiwan as a one-party state under martial law Recent Events and Trends beginning in 1949. The National Assembly members who •Female presidential candidate: Tsai Ing-wen became took office before the ROC government moved to Taiwan Taiwan's first female presidential candidate when she held power until the late 1980s, when lifetime legislators were unsuccessfully challenged Ma Ying-jeou in the 2012 replaced with elected local representatives. After Chiang presidential election. Kai-shek died in 1975, his son Chiang Ching-kuo succeeded •Protests against China trade deal: In June 2013, Taiwan him as president. Taiwan directed its greatest efforts at signed a trade deal with China that many students and modernization and developed a thriving economy. After activists oppose, claiming it will give China more influence in martial law was lifted in 1987, a multiparty democracy began Taiwan and weaken democracy. As the legislature prepared to to emerge. The KMT's Lee Teng-hui, elected president by the ratify the deal in March 2014, hundreds of protesters stormed National Assembly in 1990, became the first native the Taiwanese parliament building to oppose the deal, while Taiwanese to lead the country. In 1996, Lee became Taiwan's thousands more demonstrated on Taipei’s streets. In 2013, first directly elected president. In 2000, Chen Shui-bian of the China allowed Taiwan to sign trade agreements with other Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) was elected president, countries for the first time in Taiwan’s history. ending 50 years of KMT rule. Chen narrowly won reelection • Flight crash: In July 2014, a TransAsia Airways flight in 2004 but resigned as party leader when the DPP suffered a crashed in the city of Magong in northwest Taiwan. The major defeat in January 2008 parliamentary elections. In crash, which killed nearly 50 people and damaged several March 2009, he went on trial for corruption charges. homes, was likely caused by stormy weather. The KMT returned to power in 2008 with the election of Ma Ying-jeou as president. The KMT faced criticism in September 2009, after Typhoon Morakot triggered floods and THE PEOPLE mudslides that left hundreds dead. Outcry over the government's poor response prompted the resignation of Population Premier Liu Chao-shiuan. Despite this setback, the KMT Population: 23,359,928 remains in power, and Ma was reelected as president in 2012. Population Growth Rate: 0.25% PRC-ROC Relations Urban Population: NA Both the ROC and the PRC have committed to the "One China Policy," under which there is only one legitimate The three largest cities in Taiwan are New Taipei, the government over all of China, though they naturally disagree southern commercial city of Kaohsiung, and Taichung, in the as to whether the ROC or the PRC is that government. Many west. Indigenous Taiwanese constitute only 2 percent of the countries now officially recognize the PRC over the ROC. In population. They are divided among several ethnic groups, 1971, the PRC was admitted to the United Nations in some of which maintain their native languages and traditions. Taiwan's place. In 1979, the United States normalized The rest of the population is comprised of Taiwanese (84 diplomatic relations with the PRC and broke them with the percent) and mainland Chinese (14 percent). The latter ROC. However, Taiwan-U.S. relations continue on an migrated to the island after World War II. As the mainland unofficial basis, which has been a source of conflict between Chinese who came after 1947 pass away, their children (with China and the United States. no memory of the mainland) feel that Taiwan is their real The PRC also upholds the "One China Principle," which home. states that there is only one "China," of which Taiwan is a part. Many Taiwanese oppose the "One China Principle" and Language see the island as having a separate identity. On the strength of Taiwan's official language is Mandarin Chinese. However, Taiwan's booming economy and new democracy, voices most residents also speak Taiwanese, the language of the first calling for the island's independence grew louder in the late Chinese immigrants. Mandarin is spoken in formal situations 1980s and 1990s. China clearly opposes this view and has and in school instruction. In everyday conversation, young warned Taiwan not to declare independence. Warnings have people generally use Mandarin, while older people often included military movement and threats of invasion. In 1997, speak Taiwanese. In southern Taiwan, Taiwanese is more many pro-independence politicians won local offices, and common. Both Taiwanese and Mandarin are tonal languages. Taiwan dismantled its provincial government—a symbol of Each one-syllable word can have many different meanings, Taiwan's status as a province in greater China. depending on the tone (voice inflection) with which it is In the late 2000s, cross-strait relations (a term used to spoken. Mandarin contains four different tones, and describe relations between mainland China and Taiwan) Taiwanese has eight. For instance, the Mandarin word ma can began to show signs of improvement. In 2009, China and mean “horse” or “mother” and can even function as a Taiwan entered into direct dialogue for the first time in 60 question mark. Hakka, another Chinese dialect, is also spoken years. Though tensions still exist, Taiwanese leaders have on the island. Some older people know Japanese, and the chosen dialogue communication over confrontation. Some are aboriginal peoples speak their own native languages. English even beginning to more openly advocate complete unification is a popular second or third language for students and is with the PRC. During his 2012 reelection campaign, Ma widely understood in urban areas. Ying-jeou said that strengthening ties with China is a priority Although the official language of Taiwan and mainland for his presidency. China is the same (Mandarin Chinese), vocabulary and 2 TM CultureGrams Taiwan idiomatic differences exist. In Taiwan, schoolchildren use a businessmen. Businesswomen wear skirts or pantsuits. For simplified character system that helps them “sound out” a everyday wear, women usually wear jeans or other casual word—something impossible to do with the standard clothing. Most women reserve dresses for special occasions. characters, which must be memorized. Westerners have developed various systems of romanization (representing Chinese characters and words in roman letters) that have been CUSTOMS AND COURTESIES adopted by the government to help foreigners sound out names, read signs, and follow maps. The average Chinese Greetings would not understand or use romanization. Romanization Asking others if they have eaten (Chyr bau le meiyou?) is a systems differ; for example, the character for “please” can be common Chinese greeting that stems from the tradition to written Qingor Ching.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Experience the Warmth of Penghu on a Bike Text & Photos: Editorial Dept
    Cycling in Taiwan Experience the Warmth of Penghu on a Bike Text & Photos: Editorial Dept 152 BMU 2010 Autumn www.biketaiwan.com Jibei Islet Penghu is one of Taiwan's well-known offshore vacation islands. Some people say that Penghu Baisha Island Whale Cave Cross-Sea Penghu Aquarium Bridge Tongliang 203 has two suns: one is in the sky, and the other is in Great Banyan Jhongtun Island 203 Penghu Bay the water. Although the climate in Penghu is often Jhongtun Windmill Xiyu Township very hot, it is actually a very fun place. It is a fine Erkan Traditional Dakouye Stone Pillars Residence 203 area for cycling, strolling and window-shopping, Magong City 202 202 Magong Airport Guoye Magong Sunrise aquatic sports, and sightseeing, and there are, Port 204 Xiyu Eastern Xiyu Western 205 Lintou Park Fort 204 historic sites, bars and fine food, In particular, Fort Aimen Beach Fongui Hole 201 the colorful fireworks festival attracts countless 201 Tungpan Islet Shili Beach Shanshui Beach tourists to Penghu every year. Hujing Islet Wangan Island Twin Heart Stone Weir enghu has a relaxing, exotic South Seas at- Qimei Islet Little Taiwan mosphere, and it’s a fun place for a vacation. P Nioumuping Seven Beauty Tomb Penghu also possesses unique natural and ecologi- Nanhugang Port cal features, including distinctive basalt formations, Waiting-Husband Reef and it is a major birding destination. The extensive coastline is lined with flower-spangled meadows, and and Xiyu islands are connected by bridges, and are there are many fun water sports in the summertime. mutually accessible on a bicycle.
    [Show full text]
  • Visa-Exempt Entry
    Visa-Exempt Entry 1) The nationals of the following countries are eligible for the visa exemption program, which permits a duration of stay up to 90 days：Austria, Andorra, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Republic of Countries eligible Korea, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, for Visa-exempt Malta, Monaco, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, entry: Poland, Portugal, Romania, San Mario, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, U.K., U.S.A. and Vatican City State. 2) The nationals of the following countries are eligible for the visa exemption program, which permits a duration of stay up to 30 days：Australia, Malaysia, Singapore. 1) a passport with validity of at least six months upon entry visa-exempt entry only applies to foreign visitors holding formal passports (i.e. ordinary, official/service and diplomatic passports), not including those holding emergency, temporary, other informal passports or travel documents. Japanese passport holders with their passports valid for more than 3 months are eligible for visa-exempt Requirements: entry. 2) a confirmed return air/sea ticket or an air/sea ticket and a visa for the next destination, and a confirmed seat reservation for departure. 3) non-criminal record and not prohibited by the local authorities to enter the R.O.C. 1) The duration of stay starts from the next day of arrival and Duration of stay: is not extendable. Foreign visitors must depart by the end of the said duration. Please click here for " Penalty for 1 overstay". 2) Visa-exempt entry cannot be converted to other types of visas, unless the following exceptions:.
    [Show full text]
  • Incoming Letter: Taipei Exchange Main Board and Taipei Exchange
    New York Paris Northern California Madrid Washington DC Tokyo São Paulo Beijing London Hong Kong James C. Lin Partner Resident Hong Kong Partners Davis Polk & Wardwell 852 2533 3368 tel William F. Barron* Gerhard Radtke* Hong Kong Solicitors 852 2533 1768 fax Bonnie Chan* Martin Rogers † The Hong Kong Club Building [email protected] Karen Chan † Patrick S. Sinclair* 3A Chater Road Paul K. Y. Chow* † Miranda So* Hong Kong James C. Lin* James Wadham † Hong Kong Solicitors * Also Admitted in New York † Also Admitted in England and Wales August 29, 2019 Re: Application for Designation of the Taipei Exchange Main Board and Taipei Exchange Bond Market as a “Designated Offshore Securities Market” Michael Coco, Chief Office of International Corporate Finance Division of Corporation Finance United States Securities and Exchange Commission 450 Fifth Street. N.W. Washington, DC 20549 Dear Mr. Coco: We are writing to the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC” or the “Commission”) on behalf of the Taipei Exchange (the “TPEx”) to apply for the classification of a “designated offshore securities market” for purposes of Regulation S (“Regulation S”) under the U.S. Securities Act of 1933, as amended, for (i) the portion of the TPEx known as the Taipei Exchange Main Board (the “TPEx Main Board”) and (ii) the portion of the TPEx known as the Taipei Exchange Bond Market (the “TPEx Bond Market” and together with the TPEx Main Board, the “TPEx Platforms”). Designation is being sought in order to assist market participants to the TPEx Platforms who are eligible for the safe harbor provision provided by Rule 904 of Regulation S to satisfy the requirements specified in that rule when reselling securities “in, on or through the facilities of” the TPEx Platforms.
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction to TAIWAN
    Introduction to TAIWAN Taiwan is a very open economy, which enjoys a solid industrial export base and an exceptionally strong external financial position. Its average real GDP growth has slowed to 2.5% per year since 2011 from 5.6% in 2003-2007, as the economy has been affected by the weakening in global trade and China's industrial growth slowdown. However, Taiwan could also benefit greatly from the relocation of some production units away from mainland China to the island, as Taiwanese enterprises – strongly encouraged by the authorities – are changing their output strategy in response to the US tariff hikes on Chinese imports and rising labour costs in China. The Taiwanese export base is expected to strengthen in the short-medium term. Taiwan has successfully managed the COVID-19 crisis so far, and economic growth should remain positive in 2020 (expected at 1%). Exports should be dynamic in the short term, domestic demand is resilient and the authorities are maintaining an accommodative policy mix. Tensions with mainland China have worsened since the election of President Tsai Ing-wen of the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP), in 2016. President Tsai was re-elected in January 2020 and the DPP has maintained a majority in Parliament. Difficult relations with the mainland are leading to Taiwan's diplomatic isolation, hampering its relations with other countries and representing a permanent downside risk on its economic prospects and stability. Summary BNP Paribas presence BNP Paribas has had a presence in Taiwan since 1981, the largest French bank in the country, and one of the most significant foreign banks, with branches in Taipei, Taichung and Kaohsiung.
    [Show full text]
  • The Impact of the Global Economic Crisis on Cross Strait Relatiions
    Track Two Dialogue on EU-China-Relations and Cross Strait Relations London, LSE, 29-31 May 2009 A workshop jointly organised by Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik (SWP), Berlin, London School of Economics (LSE), London and Shanghai Institutes for International Studies (SIIS), Shanghai, with the friendly support of the Robert Bosch Stiftung GmbH, Stuttgart. Discussion Paper Do not cite or quote without author’s permission The Political Impact of the Global Economic Crisis on Cross Strait Relations Christopher R Hughes London School of Economics and Political Science SWP Ludwigkirchplatz 3–4 10719 Berlin Phone +49 30 880 07-0 Fax +49 30 880 07-100 www.swp-berlin.org 1 In the years leading up to Taiwan’s 2008 elections a number of measures were planned by the CCP and the KMT to liberalise cross-Strait relations and give Taiwan’s economy a substantial boost under a future Ma Ying-jeou administration. Few people predicted that in September 2008 this process would be thrown into turmoil by the deepening of the global financial crisis. Policies that had been devised for improving cross-strait relations in the context of growth in world trade and investment have had to be reassessed in the context of a recession in Taiwan and a serious slowdown of the mainland economy. How this interplay between economic policy and public opinion plays out will be crucial for shaping the future of cross-Strait relations. While it is too late to predict the outcome, this paper will explore the importance of cross-Strait economic relations for Taiwan’s politics, make a preliminary assessment of the political impact of the economic crisis on cross-strait relations and point to some speculative scenarios for the future.
    [Show full text]
  • Bloomberg Dollar Index
    BLOOMBERG DOLLAR INDEX 2017 REBALANCE 2017 REBALANCE HIGHLIGHTS • Indian rupee added 2017 BBDXY WEIGHTS • Brazilian real removed Euro 3.0% Japanese Yen 3.8% 2.1% Canadian Dollar • Euro maintains largest weight 4.4% 5.1% Mexican Peso • Australian dollar largest percentage weight 31.6% British Pound 10.6% decrease Australian Dollar 10.0% Swiss Franc 17.9% • British pound largest percentage weight increase 11.5% South Korean Won Chinese Renminbi • Mexican peso’s weight continues to increase YoY Indian Rupee since 2007 STEPS TO COMPUTE 2017 MEMBERS & WEIGHTS Fed Reserve’s BIS Remove pegged Trade Data Liquidity Survey currencies to USD Remove currency Set Cap exposure Average liquidity positions under to Chinese & trade weights 2% renminbi to 3% Bloomberg Dollar Index Members & Weights 2017 TARGET WEIGHTS- BLOOMBERG DOLLAR INDEX Currency Name Currency Ticker 2017 Target Weight Euro EUR 31.56% Japanese Yen JPY 17.94% Currency % Change from 2016 to 2017 Indian rupee 2.090% *added Canadian Dollar CAD 11.54% British pound 1.128% South Korean won 0.382% British Pound GBP 10.59% Mexican peso 0.084% Canadian dollar 0.064% Mexican Peso MXN 9.95% Swiss franc 0.019% Australian Dollar AUD 5.12% China renminbi 0.000% Euro -0.195% Swiss Franc CHF 4.39% Japanese yen -0.510% Australian dollar -0.978% South Korean Won KRW 3.81% Brazil real -2.083% *deleted Chinese Renminbi CNH 3.00% Indian Rupee INR 2.09% GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION OF MEMBER CURRENCIES GLOBAL 21.50% Americas 46.54% Asia/Pacific 31.96% EMEA 11.93% APAC EMEA AMER 9.39% 9.44% 6.54% Japanese Yen
    [Show full text]
  • Another Offshore Renminbi Centre? Taiwan's Opportunities and Challenges
    This article was published in the Global Banking & Financial Policy Review 2013/2014. Another offshore renminbi centre? Taiwan's Opportunities and challenges By Robin Chang, Lee and Li, Attorneys At Law The Central Bank of the Republic of China (Taiwan) (CBC) announced on February 6, 2013 to permit local banks' renminbi (Rmb) business in Taiwan, about a week ahead of 2013’s Lunar New Year holiday break, which is the most important traditional holiday in both China and Taiwan. The Bank of Taiwan Shanghai branch, also launched its New Taiwan Dollar NT$) - Rmb currency exchange business on April 2, 2013. The lawful currencies of Taiwan and China (NT$ and Rmb), have been officially circulating in the banking systems and the daily lives of people on both sides. This is a remarkable breakthrough in the cross-strait financial market. LAUNCH RMB BUSINESS IN TAIWAN This remarkable breakthrough started on August 31, 2012, the date when the CBC and People's Bank of China (PBOC) signed a memorandum of understanding on the cross-strait currency clearing system (Currency Clearing MOU), establishing a basis for Rmb clearing services on both sides. This is the first time the central banks on both sides have signed an official agreement to facilitate their cooperation in the central banking system and foreign exchange regulations across the Taiwan Strait. Following the execution of Currency Clearing MOU, the CBC and the PBOC announced on September 17, 2012 and December 11, 2012 to appoint the Bank of Taiwan , - Shanghai branch and the Bank of China- Taipei branch as an NT$ clearing bank in China and an Rmb clearing bank in Taiwan respectively.
    [Show full text]
  • Convert New Taiwan Dollars (TWD) and United States Dollars (USD): C
    Convert New Taiwan Dollars (TWD) and United States Dollars (USD): C... http://coinmill.com/TWD_USD.html#TWD=455 CoinMill.com - The Currency Converter New Taiwan Dollars (TWD) and United States Dollars (USD) Currency Exchange Rate Go Conversion Calculator Custom Search Ads by Google USD Dollars Conversion Dollar Futures USD Futures Convert VHS to DVD Add currency rates to your web site Enter the amount to be converted in the box to the left of the currency and press the "convert" button. Click on a currency to convert between that currency and all other currencies. 1 comment about TWD and USD conversion Currency Exchange Rates Online Currency Trading -- Onboard revolutionar Info & Products on Exchange Rates Compare Products, Prices & Stores. shopping.yahoo.com New Taiwan Dollar United St 33 (TWD) 1.00 Did You Try Forex? <== Swap curre Trade Major & Exotic Currencies in One of The Most Exciting Markets www.Easy-Forex.com/US Convert Death to the U.S. Dollar 3 Secrets to Protect You in the Dollar’s Final Days. Free Report. www.WorldCurrencyWatch.com/dollar The New Taiwan Dollar is the currency in Taiwan (TW, TWN). The New Taiwan Dollar is also known as the Taiwanese Dollar. The symbol for TWD can be written NT$, NTD, and NT. The New Taiwan Dollar is Rate table - See a chart of currency rates between New Taiwan divided into 100 cents. The exchange rate for the New Dollars and United States Dollars. Taiwan Dollar was last updated on July 17, 2009 from Yahoo Finance. The TWD conversion factor has 5 significant digits.
    [Show full text]
  • Mosquito Surveys Carried out on Green Island, Orchid Island, and Penghu Island, Taiwan, in 2003
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Elsevier - Publisher Connector Mosquitoes of Green, Orchid, and Penghu Islands MOSQUITO SURVEYS CARRIED OUT ON GREEN ISLAND, ORCHID ISLAND, AND PENGHU ISLAND, TAIWAN, IN 2003 Hwa-Jen Teng, Guo-Chin Huang, Yung-Chen Chen, Wei-Tai Hsia, Liang-Chen Lu, Wen-Tang Tsai,1 and Mei-Ju Chung2 Medical Entomological Laboratory, Research and Development Center, Center for Disease Control, Department of Health, Taipei, 1Penghu County Health Bureau, Penghu, and 2Taitung County Health Bureau, Taitung, Taiwan. Field surveys of mosquitoes were carried out on Green, Orchid, and Penghu Islands in 2003 to ascertain the status of mosquito vectors. Eighteen species of mosquitoes were collected, including three species of Anopheles, four species of Aedes, eight species of Culex, two species of Armigeres, and one species of Malaya. Seventeen previously recorded species were not collected in this study but 11 species collected had not previously been recorded. Ten newly recorded species, An. maculatus, An. takasagoensis, Ae. alcasidi, Ae. lineatopennis, Ae. vexans vexans, Ar. omissus, Cx. vishnui, Cx. halifaxii, Cx. hayashii, and Cx. neomimulus, were collected on Green Island and one previously unrecorded species, Ar. subalbatus, was collected on Orchid Island. Potential vectors An. maculatus and An. sinensis, malaria vectors in Korea and Mainland China, Ae. albopictus, a vector of dengue in Taiwan and West Nile virus in the USA, Cx. vishnui and Cx. tritaeniorhynchus, Japanese encephalitis vectors in Taiwan, Ae. vexans vexans, an eastern equine encephalitis vector in the USA, and Cx. quinquefasciatus, a vector of filariasis in Taiwan and West Nile virus in the USA, were among the mosquito species collected.
    [Show full text]
  • Atmospheric PM2.5 and Polychlorinated Dibenzo-P-Dioxins and Dibenzofurans in Taiwan
    Aerosol and Air Quality Research, 18: 762–779, 2018 Copyright © Taiwan Association for Aerosol Research ISSN: 1680-8584 print / 2071-1409 online doi: 10.4209/aaqr.2018.02.0050 Atmospheric PM2.5 and Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins and Dibenzofurans in Taiwan Yen-Yi Lee 1, Lin-Chi Wang2*, Jinning Zhu 3**, Jhong-Lin Wu4***, Kuan-Lin Lee1 1 Department of Environmental Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan 2 Department of Civil Engineering and Geomatics, Cheng Shiu University, Kaohsiung 83347, Taiwan 3 School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 246011, China 4 Sustainable Environment Research Laboratories, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan ABSTRACT In this study, the atmospheric PM2.5, increases/decreases of the PM2.5, the PM2.5/PM10 ratio, total PCDD/Fs-TEQ concentrations, PM2.5-bound total PCDD/Fs-TEQ content, and PCDD/F gas-particle partition in Taiwan were investigated for the period 2013 to 2017. In Taiwan, the annual average PM2.5 concentrations were found to be 28.9, 24.1, 21.4, 20.2, –3 and 19.9 µg m in 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, and 2017, respectively, which indicated that the annual variations in PM2.5 levels were decreasing during the study period. The average increases (+)/decreases (–) of PM2.5 concentrations were –16.7%, –11.1%, –5.75%, and –1.73% from 2013 to 2014, from 2014 to 2015, from 2015 to 2016, and from 2016 to 2017, respectively. Based to the relationship between PM10 values and total PCDD/F concentrations obtained from previous studies, we estimated that in 2017, the annual average total PCDD/Fs-TEQ concentrations ranged between 0.0148 –3 –3 (Lienchiang County) and 0.0573 pg WHO2005-TEQ m (Keelung City), and averaged 0.0296 pg WHO2005-TEQ m , while –1 the PM2.5-bound total PCDD/Fs-TEQ content ranged from 0.302 (Kaohsiung City) to 0.911 ng WHO2005-TEQ g –1 (Keelung City), at an average of 0.572 ng WHO2005-TEQ g .
    [Show full text]
  • 2018-BBDXY-Index-Rebalance.Pdf
    BLOOMBERG DOLLAR INDEX 2018 REBALANCE 2018 REBALANCE HIGHLIGHTS • Euro maintains largest weight 2018 BBDXY WEIGHTS Euro 3.0% Japanese Yen • Canadian dollar largest percentage weight 2.1% 3.7% Canadian Dollar decrease 4.5% 5.1% Mexican Peso • Swiss franc has largest percentage weight increase 31.5% British Pound 10.5% Australian Dollar 10.0% • Mexican peso’s weight continues to increase Swiss Franc 18.0% (2007: 6.98% to 2018: 10.04%) 11.4% South Korean Won Chinese Renminbi Indian Rupee STEPS TO COMPUTE 2018 MEMBERS & WEIGHTS Fed Reserve’s BIS Remove pegged Trade Data Liquidity Survey currencies to USD Remove currency Set Cap exposure Average liquidity positions under to Chinese & trade weights 2% Renminbi to 3% Bloomberg Dollar Index Members & Weights 2018 TARGET WEIGHTS- BLOOMBERG DOLLAR INDEX Currency Name Currency Ticker 2018 Target Weight 2017 Target Weights Difference Euro EUR 31.52% 31.56% -0.04% Japanese Yen JPY 18.04% 17.94% 0.10% Canadian Dollar CAD 11.42% 11.54% -0.12% British Pound GBP 10.49% 10.59% -0.10% Mexican Peso MXN 10.05% 9.95% 0.09% Australian Dollar AUD 5.09% 5.12% -0.03% Swiss Franc CHF 4.51% 4.39% 0.12% South Korean Won KRW 3.73% 3.81% -0.08% Chinese Renminbi CNH 3.00% 3.00% 0.00% Indian Rupee INR 2.14% 2.09% 0.06% GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION OF MEMBER CURRENCIES GLOBAL 21.47% Americas 46.53% Asia/Pacific 32.01% EMEA APAC EMEA AMER 6.70% 9.70% 9.37% Japanese Yen Australian Dollar Euro Canadian Dollar 46.80% 11.67% South Korean Won 22.56% 56.36% British Pound 53.20% 15.90% 67.74% Mexican Peso Chinese Renminbi Swiss Franc
    [Show full text]
  • The Currency Conversion in Postwar Taiwan: Gold Standard from 1949 to 1950 Shih-Hui Li1
    The Kyoto Economic Review 74(2): 191–203 (December 2005) The Currency Conversion in Postwar Taiwan: Gold Standard from 1949 to 1950 Shih-hui Li1 1Graduate School of Economics, Kyoto University. E-mail: [email protected] The discourses on Taiwanese successful currency reform in postwar period usually put emphasis on the actors of the U.S. economic aids. However, the objective of this research is to re-examine Taiwanese currency reform experiences from the vantage- point of the gold standard during 1949–50. When Kuomintang (KMT) government decided to undertake the currency conversion on June 15, 1949, it was unaided. The inflation was so severe that the KMT government must have used all the resources to finish the inflation immediately and to restore the public confidence in new currency as well as in the government itself. Under such circumstances, the KMT government established a full gold standard based on the gold reserve which the KMT government brought from mainland China in 1949. This research would like to investigate what role the gold standard played during the process of the currency conversion. Where this gold reserve was from? And how much the gold reserve possessed by the KMT government during this period of time? Trying to answer these questions, the research investigates three sources of data: achieves of the KMT government in the period of mainland China, the official re- ports of the KMT government in Taiwan, and the statistics gathered from international organizations. Although the success of Taiwanese currency reform was mostly from the help of U.S.
    [Show full text]