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IBISCA-Panama, a Large-Scale Study of Arthropod Beta

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IBISCA-Panama, a Large-Scale Study of Arthropod Beta BULLETIN DE L’INSTITUT ROYAL DES SCIENCES NATURELLES DE BELGIQUE BULLETIN VAN HET KONINKLIJK BELGISCH INSTITUUT VOOR NATUURWETENSCHAPPEN ENTOMOLOGIE VOL. 77 BRUXELLES 2007 BRUSSEL Rédacteur en chef - Hoofdredacteur - Editor: Léon BAERT Redactiesecretarissen - Secrétaires de rédaction - Associate editors Patrick GROOTAERT George WAUTHY Redactiecomité - Comité de rédaction - Editorial board: Camille PISANI Boudewijn GODDEERIS Jackie VAN GOETHEM Internationaal comité - Comité international - Consulting editors: Rienk DE JONG (Leiden, The Netherlands) Desmond KIME (Brussels, Belgium) Henk MEUFFELS (Maastricht, The Netherlands) John MURPHY (Hampton, United kingdom) Norman I. PLATNICK (New York, U.S.A.) Michael SCHMITT (Bonn, Germany) Dan BICKEL (Sidney, Australia) Martin BAEHR (München, Germany) BULLETIN DE L’INSTITUT ROYAL DES SCIENCES NATURELLES DE BELGIQUE ENTOMOLOGIE BULLETIN VAN HET KONINKLIJK BELGISCH INSTITUUT VOOR NATUURWETENSCHAPPEN ENTOMOLOGIE Vol. 77 - 2007 ISSN 0374-6232 Publié, verschenen, published: 20.XII.2007 © Edition de © Uitgave van het l’Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles Koninklijk Belgisch Instituut voor de Belgique Natuurwetenschappen Rue Vautier 29 Vautierstraat 29 B-1000 Bruxelles, Belgique B-1000 Brussel, België CONTENTS AHRENS Dirk, Revision der Serica nigroguttata 5 LIN Meiying, DRUMONT Alain & YANG Xingke, 147 BRENSKE, 1897 - Gruppe (Coleoptera, The genus Autocrates THOMSON in China: Scarabaeidae) occurrence and geographical distribution of species (Coleoptera: Trictenotomidae) BASSET Yves, et al., IBISCA-Panama, a large- 39 scale study of arthropod beta-diversity and LOURENÇO Wilson & QI Jian, Scorpions from the 157 vertical stratification in a lowland rainforest: rainforest canopy of New Guinea and description rationale, study sites and field protocols of a new subspecies of Lychas C.J. KOCH, 1845 (Scorpiones: Buthidae) CONSTANT Jérôme, Revision of the Eurybra- 71 chidae (X). The Oriental genus Chalia WALKER, MOHAMEDSAID Mohamed & CONSTANT 163 1858 (Hemiptera, Fulogoromorpha) Jérôme, Chrysomelid beetles of the subfamily Galerucinae from Thailand and Cambodia in CONSTANT Jérôme, Revision of the Eurybra- 87 the collections of the Royal Belgian Institute of chidae (XI). The Afrotropical genus Mesonytis Natural Sciences (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) SCHMIDT, 1908 (Hemiptera, Fulogoromorpha, Eurybrachidae) RYVKIN Alexandr, A brief review of Lathrobium 179 species of the sibiricum-group (Insecta: CONSTANT Jérôme, Note on the coprophily and 107 Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Paederinae) necrophily Hemiptera Heteroptera TIAN Ming-yi & DEUVE Thierry, Designations 235 FAUCHEUX Michel J., Sensilla and cuticular 113 of the lectotypes for Butes’ species of the genus structures in the marval caudal appendages of Orthogonius MACLEAY (Coleoptera: Caraboidea: Erythromma lindenii (SÉLYS, 1840) (Odonata: Orthogoniini), with descriptions of four new Zygoptera: Coenagrionidae) species FAUCHEUX Michel J., Multiporous and aporous 121 ZHANG Lili, YANG Ding & GROOTAERT Patrick, 243 sensilla on the larval antennae of the relict New Dolichopodidae (Diptera: Dolichopodidae) dragonfly Epiophlebia superstes (SÉLYS, 1889) from Pulau Tioman, Malaysia, with description (Odonata: Anisozygoptera: Epiophlebiidae) of four new species KARISCH Timm, Eine neue Hispophora-Art aus 129 Kenia (Lepidoptera: Geometridae: Ennominae) KIRK-SPRIGGS Ashley & FREIDBERG Amnon, The 133 Palaearctic species of Curtonotidae (Diptera: Schizophora), with special reference to the fauna of Israel BULLETIN DE L’INSTITUT ROYAL DES SCIENCES NATURELLES DE BELGIQUE ENTOMOLOGIE, 77: 39-69, 2007 BULLETIN VAN HET KONINKLIJK BELGISCH INSTITUUT VOOR NATUURWETENSCHAPPEN ENTOMOLOGIE, 77: 39-69, 2007 IBISCA-Panama, a large-scale study of arthropod beta-diversity and vertical stratification in a lowland rainforest: rationale, study sites and field protocols by Yves BASSET1, Bruno CORBARA2, Héctor BARRIOS3, Philippe CUÉNOUD4, Maurice LEPONCE5, Henri-Pierre ABERLENC6, Johannes BAIL7, Darren BITO8, Jonathan R. BRIDLE9, Gabriela CASTAÑO- MENESES10, Lukas CIZEK11, Aydee CORNEJO12, Gianfranco CURLETTI13, Jacques H. C. DELABIE14, Alain DEJEAN15, Raphael K. DIDHAM16, Marc DUFRÊNE17, Laura L. FAGAN18, Andreas FLOREN19, Dawn M. FRAME20, Francis HALLÉ20, Olivier J. HARDY21, Andrés HERNANDEZ1, Roger L. KITCHING8, Thomas M. LEWINSOHN22, Owen T. LEWIS23, Markus MANUMBOR24, Enrique MEDIANERO25, Olivier MISSA26, Andrew W. MITCHELL27, Martin MOGIA24, Vojtech NOVOTNY11, 24, Frode ØDEGAARD28, Evandro Gama de OLIVEIRA29, Jérôme ORIVEL15, Claire M. P. OZANNE30, Olivier PASCAL31, Sara PINZÓN32, Mathieu RAPP12, Sérvio P. RIBEIRO33, Yves ROISIN21, Tomas ROSLIN34, David W. ROUBIK1, Mirna SAMANIEGO1, Jürgen SCHMIDL7, Line L. SØRENSEN35, Alexey TISHECHKIN36, Christian VAN OSSELAER37 & Neville N. WINCHESTER38 Abstract Key words: biodiversity, canopy, Panama, soil, tropical rainforests IBISCA-Panama (“Investigating the BIodiversity of Soil and Canopy Arthropods”, Panama module) represents a large-scale research initiative to quantify the spatial distribution of arthropod Introduction biodiversity in a Neotropical forest, using a combination of (1) international collaboration, (2) a set of common research questions, Without doubt, one of the fundamental questions in and (3) an integrated experimental design. Here, we present the rationale of the programme, describe the study sites, and outline biology is “how many species are there on Earth”? field protocols. In the San Lorenzo Protected Area of Panama, Sadly, at the beginning of the 21st century, when most twelve 20 x 20 m sites, all less than 2 km apart, were surveyed of the diverse ecosystems of our planet are increasingly for plants and arthropods, from the ground to the upper canopy. threatened by widespread land-use modification, global Access to the canopy and its fauna was facilitated by fogging, climate change, pollution, biological invasions and single-rope techniques and a variety of devices such as a canopy crane, the “SolVin-Bretzel” canopy raft, the canopy bubble and over-harvesting (SALA et al., 2000), there is still no Ikos. IBISCA-Panama represented the first attempt to combine satisfactory answer to this basic question. A related, these complementary techniques of canopy access in a large-scale equally vital, but perhaps methodologically more investigation. Such techniques provided spatial replication during tractable investigation is to assess where the greater initial field work performed in September-October 2003. Temporal replication across seasons consisted of subsequent field work of part of this biodiversity is located. Understanding the varying intensity during dry, early wet and late wet periods in 2004. distribution and ecology of species is also crucial to study Arthropods were surveyed using 14 different protocols targeting the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem the soil, litter, understorey, mid-canopy and upper canopy habitats. function. By far the greatest fraction of terrestrial These protocols included: WINKLER sifting; BERLESE-TULLGREN; animal diversity is made up of arthropods. In recent hand-collecting of galls and social insects; fogging; beating; wood- rearing; baits; and various types of traps such as pitfall, small and years, there has been considerable debate as to whether large flight-interception, sticky, light, and Malaise traps. Currently, or not most of arthropod biodiversity occurs either in analyses of arthropod distribution in this forest concentrate on a the soil or in the canopy of tropical rainforests (ERWIN, set of 63 focal taxa representing different phylogenies and life- 1982; STORK, 1988; MAY, 1990). This issue lies at the histories. IBISCA-Panama may be considered as a model for large- scale research programmes targeting invertebrate biodiversity. Its heart of wildly varying, and hence hugely contentious, collaborative modus operandi can be applied to answer a variety global estimates of arthropod species richness derived of pressing ecological questions related to forest biodiversity, as from surveys of arboreal arthropods on particular host- evidenced by the recent development of further IBISCA programmes trees (ERWIN, 1982; MAY, 1990, ØDEGAARD, 2000). in other parts of the world. ERWIN (1982) contended that the canopy fauna was the most species-rich. Later, other authors championed the 40 Yves BASSET et al. opposing point of view, that the soil fauna was actually of the studies indicated earlier have sampled canopy more species-rich (HAMMOND, 1990, 1995; ANDRÉ et arthropods in situ with sufficient replication. Within al., 1992; HAMMOND et al., 1997; WALTER et al., 1998). the emerging discipline of canopy biology (OZANNE As yet, however, no data have been collected that are et al., 2003), the most challenging and rewarding extensive enough to test this contention in a convincing scientific advances are likely to be made by studying manner, due principally to a lack of spatial replication the abundance, distribution and functional interactions and a restricted taxonomic focus. among organisms in situ, within relatively undisturbed There have been three previous attempts at a small- rainforest canopies (e.g. LOWMAN & NADKARNI, 1995; scale, restricted comparison of arthropod species STORK et al., 1997; LINSENMAIR et al., 2001; BASSET et richness in the soil-litter layer versus the canopy layer al., 2003a, 2003b). Consequently, biodiversity studies of a tropical rainforest that are worth mentioning. In the (along with studies of atmospheric processes at the Brazilian Amazon, ADIS
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