Dispersion Technology DT1200 Operating and Maintenance Manual

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Dispersion Technology DT1200 Operating and Maintenance Manual Dispersion Technology DT1200 Operating and Maintenance Manual Dispersion Technology 364 Adams Street Bedford Hills, NY 10507 914-241-4777 [email protected] Wednesday, May 30, 2007 Software Version 4.4.20 1 Table of Contents 1. Basic Operating Instructions....................................................................................... 6 Introduction..................................................................................................................... 6 Measurement Overview.................................................................................................. 6 Getting started - Turning on power and starting software .............................................. 6 Log in............................................................................................................................ 10 Log-out or Log-in again................................................................................................ 11 Adding a new user ........................................................................................................ 12 Editing an existing user................................................................................................. 14 Getting familiar with the basic sensor configuration.................................................... 15 Emptying and cleaning the chamber, basic sensor configuration................................. 15 Filling the empty chamber with a new sample, basic configuration............................. 16 Stirring the sample, if equipped with dc motor............................................................. 18 Stirring the sample, if equipped with digital stirrer ...................................................... 18 Initializing the burettes ................................................................................................. 20 Setting up burettes with 1 Normal Acid and Base Reagents ........................................ 21 Using the Holder for storing pH probe when not in use............................................... 22 Placing pH probe in sample .......................................................................................... 22 Measuring pH and temperature..................................................................................... 23 Checking system by measuring intrinsic attenuation of water ..................................... 24 The Status Bar............................................................................................................... 24 Viewing the attenuation of the water sample................................................................ 26 Preparing a 10 wt% colloidal silica sample .................................................................. 27 Defining the 10 wt% colloidal silica sample ................................................................ 27 Using the Content Wizard............................................................................................. 29 Using pyncnometer tool to determine weight fraction of sample................................. 31 Measuring attenuation and calculating psd, 10 wt% silica........................................... 37 Getting familiar with the Analysis form ....................................................................... 38 Printing and Saving Analysis as a Test Report......................................................... 44 Saving any graph on the Analysis as separate picture .............................................. 45 Saving and retrieving Excel files from the Analysis form........................................ 46 Re-calculate option - Selecting a particular record................................................. 50 Re-calculate option - Prediction.............................................................................. 51 Re-calculate option - Overlay several records........................................................ 52 Re-calculate option - Volume fraction search. ....................................................... 53 Re-calculate option - Scattering coefficient search. ............................................... 54 Re-calculate option - Thermal expansion coefficient search.................................. 55 Re-calculate option - Structure and Fractals........................................................... 56 Re-calculate option - Mixtures of two dispersed phases. ...................................... 59 Saving intrinsic attenuation....................................................................................... 60 Understanding Experiments and Measurements........................................................... 61 Time Titration Protocol, zp of 10 wt% colloidal silica................................................. 62 Viewing Continuous data.............................................................................................. 64 Getting familiar with Burette Control in manual mode................................................ 67 Titration protocol – pH ramp, measuring zp of 10 wt% colloidal silica....................... 68 2 Using Details in pH ramp Titration Protocol (optional) ............................................... 70 pH Stat titration protocol .............................................................................................. 72 ml titration protocol, 10 wt% colloidal silica................................................................ 73 Simple colloid titration without measurements ............................................................ 74 Continuous temperature control of sample................................................................... 79 Ramp Temperature Protocol using 10 wt% Silica Ludox sample ................................ 83 Making plots of existing data........................................................................................ 85 Saving graphs to metafiles............................................................................................ 93 Adding a saved graph to a document............................................................................ 94 Viewing Data ................................................................................................................ 95 Opening the Data View window............................................................................... 95 Finding specific data................................................................................................. 97 Reading and revising comments in the data ............................................................. 99 Getting a quick overview of a large set of data ...................................................... 100 Selecting data fields to be displayed....................................................................... 101 Creating a custom view of the data......................................................................... 102 Editing your measured data using the Data View window..................................... 104 Re-analyzing selected experiments......................................................................... 106 Exporting selected experiments to Export directory............................................... 107 Reviewing exported files ........................................................................................ 109 Sending an export file by email .............................................................................. 110 Saving all Experiments in a Query to an Excel Spreadsheet.................................. 112 Reviewing Properties of Materials.............................................................................. 114 Displaying Basic properties of a solid material ...................................................... 114 Displaying Basic Properties of a Liquid material................................................... 116 Displaying material properties at a specific temperature........................................ 117 Sorting materials by a given material property....................................................... 118 Displaying Standard, User defined, and Favorite materials ................................... 119 Saving Material Properties to an Excel Spreadsheet .............................................. 120 Displaying Details of a Material............................................................................. 122 Comparing the properties of two materials............................................................. 125 Defining a new solid material – General comments................................................... 128 Defining a new solid material for making submicron particles.................................. 129 Defining density of new solid material using pyncnometer and slurry .................. 134 Using pyncnometer bottle to determine density of particles in slurry.................... 137 Sensitivity of particle density measurement to slurry weight fraction ................... 137 Deleting a material...................................................................................................... 139 Defining a new solid material for making “large” particles ...................................... 140 Defining a new solid material for making “soft” particles ......................................... 142 Defining Thermal Expansion.................................................................................. 143 Defining Thermal conductivity............................................................................... 144 Defining Heat capacity ..........................................................................................
Recommended publications
  • Novel Analytical Approaches for Solid Dispersion Characterization
    Novel analytical approaches for solid dispersion characterization Inauguraldissertation zur Erlangung der Würde eines Doktors der Philosophie Vorgelegt der Philosophisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Universität Basel von Sandra Jankovic Basel, 2020 Originaldokument gespeichert auf dem Dokumentenserver der Universität Basel edoc.unibas.ch Genehmigt von der Philosophisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät auf Antrag von Erstbetreuer: Profs. Dr. G. Imanidis and M. Kuentz Zweitbetreuer: PD Dr. M. Smiesko Externe Experte: Prof. Dr. Zamostny Basel, den 26.05.2020 Prof. Dr. Martin Spiess Dekan “Behind every problem, there is an opportunity.” Galileo Galilei Abstract Abstract The overall aim of the thesis was to introduce new analytical techniques to characterize solid dispersion formulations. Solid dispersion formulations are employed to enhance the dissolution behavior and apparent solubility of poorly soluble compounds. This formulation strategy uses typically an amorphous physical form of a poorly soluble drug and combines it with a carrier for stabilization. The amorphous form presents higher free energy compared to a crystalline drug form thereby yielding a higher dissolution rate and possibly more complete oral absorption as well as bioavailability. The selection of appropriate excipients is crucial to guarantee the formulation performance and stability during the shelf life of the final product. To investigate drug formulation characteristics and predict their performance, different analytical techniques are needed. Along with the classical characterization techniques, novel approaches such as fluorescence spectroscopy and diffusing wave spectroscopy are introduced in the present thesis. The chapters 1 and 2 of this thesis cover fundamental aspects of poorly soluble drugs: an overview is given on amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) manufacturing technologies and characteristics of polymers and surfactants used in ASD.
    [Show full text]
  • Characterization of Mixed Dispersions by Means of Acoustic Spectroscopy
    Dispersion Technology, Inc. Phone (914) 241-4791 3 Hillside Avenue Fax (914) 241-4842 Mount Kisco, NY 10549 USA Email [email protected] Characterization of Mixed Dispersions by means of Acoustic Spectroscopy Introduction. Many natural or man-made dispersed systems contain more than one dispersed phase. For instance, blood has different types of the cells, paint usually consists of latex with added pigment, and sun-screen preparations include both an emulsion as well as sun-absorbing dispersed particles. A list of such important mixed systems is very long. There is a strong need in many cases to know the particle size distribution of one or more ingredient in such mixed systems. Light-based techniques are not capable of providing information on such real-world samples because optical methods normally require the sample to be diluted prior to measurement, thereby distorting or destroying altogether the particle size information being sought. In contrast, acoustic attenuation spectroscopy [1-3] opens an opportunity to eliminate this dilution step and thus preserve the PSD information of the original sample. It is now well known that acoustic spectroscopy is able to characterize particles size at concentrations up to 45% by volume [3-5]. This unique feature make acoustic spectroscopy very attractive for characterizing the particle size distribution of real-world dispersions. Importantly, there is one feature of acoustic spectroscopy which thus far has not been described sufficiently in the literature: namely the ability to characterize dispersions with more than one particle size mode. Whereas there are several papers [6-9] which demonstrate that acoustic spectroscopy is able to characterize bimodal distributions in dispersions where both modes are chemically identical, it is less well known that acoustics is also suitable for characterizing mixed dispersions where each mode is chemically quite different.
    [Show full text]
  • Rojas H 04 Disp ... Ing JDST Presubmission.Pdf
    As Submitted to Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology THE DISPERSION SCIENCE OF PAPERMAKING Orlando J. Rojas* and Martin A. Hubbe Department of Wood and Paper Science, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 8005, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA. *Correspondence: Orlando J. Rojas, Dept. of Wood & Paper Science, North Carolina State University, Box 8005, Raleigh, NC 27695-8005, USA. Tel. (919) 513 7494, Fax: (919) 515 6302 E-mail: [email protected] Keywords: papermaking; dispersion; flocculation; aggregation; coagulation; bridging; retention; fines; adsorption; polymers; polyelectrolytes; formation; dewatering. ABSTRACT Paper is one of the most important inventions in the history of civilization, and it is an essential commodity to all people in the world. The fact that we make ubiquitous use of a score of paper products makes it easy to underestimate its value and significance. This review is intended to put into perspective the dispersion science involved in papermaking and to describe how our understanding of key processes has evolve since its conception, approximately 2000 years ago, from art to science. Paper is formed from a slurry of fibers and much smaller particles that are often called “fines” and other chemical additives. Ahead of the paper forming process the slurry is subjected to a series of steps, including treatment with polyionic species and passage through unit operations that impose shear forces on the papermaking suspension. These steps alternately disperse the solids apart or re-gather them back together. The overall process is optimized to achieve a highly uniform product, while at the same time achieving high efficiency in retaining fines in the sheet and allowing water to drain relatively quickly from the wet paper as it is being formed.
    [Show full text]
  • Operating Manual DT1200 2012 July
    Operating Manual of Dispersion Technology Instruments DT-1202: particle size and zeta potential DT-100 : particle size DT-300 : zeta potential DT-310 : zeta potential with titration DT-330 : zeta potential universal DT-600 : rheology longitudinal Options available: • conductivity aqueous • conductivity non-aqueous • pH/temperature measurement • titrations • porous body characterization • rheology • temperature heating control • porous materials characterization Dispersion Technology Inc, 364 Adams Street, Bedford Hills, NY 10507 914-241-4777, [email protected] July 27, 2012, Software Version 5.6.30. and above 1 Table of Content Table of Content .......................................................................................... 2 Hardware, general overview ........................................................................ 6 Getting started – turning on power and starting software ........................... 10 Basic Operating Instructions...................................................................... 12 Getting familiar with the basic sensor configuration.......................................................... 12 Emptying and cleaning the chamber, basic sensor configuration....................................... 13 Filling the empty chamber with a new sample, basic configuration................................... 14 Stirring the sample, if equipped with digital stirrer ............................................................ 14 Preparing pH probe for first use.........................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Acoustics and Electroacoustics for Emulsions
    Dispersion Technology, Inc. Phone (914) 241-4791 3 Hillside Avenue Fax (914) 241-4842 Mount Kisco, NY 10549 USA Email [email protected] Acoustics and Electroacoustics for Emulsions ( The full text of this paper will be appearing shortly in a major Encyclopedia of Emulsions ) The most well known acoustic theory for heterogeneous systems was developed by Epstein and Carhart [3], Allegra and Hawley [10]. This theory takes into account the four most important mechanisms (viscous, thermal, scattering and intrinsic) and is termed the “ECAH theory.” This theory describes attenuation for a monodisperse system of spherical particles and is valid only for dilute systems. The term “monodisperse” assumes that all of the particles have the same diameter. Extensions of the ECAH theory to include polydispersity have typically assumed a simple linear superposition of the attenuation for each size fraction. The term “spherical” is used to denote that all calculations are performed assuming that each particle can be adequately represented as a sphere. Most importantly, the term “dilute” is used to indicate that there is no consideration of particle-particle interactions. This fundamental limitation normally restricts the application of the resultant theory to dispersions with a volume fraction of less than a few volume percent. However, there is some evidence that the ECAH theory, in some very specific situations, does nevertheless provide a correct interpretation of experimental data, even for volume fractions as large as 30 %. An early demonstration of the ability of the ECAH theory was provided by Allegra and Hawley. They observed almost perfect correlation between experiment and dilute case ECAH theory for several systems: a 20 % by volume toluene emulsion; a 10% by volume hexadecane emulsion; and a 10% by volume polystyrene latex.
    [Show full text]
  • Overview of Extensively Employed Polymeric Carriers in Solid Dispersion Technology
    AAPS PharmSciTech (2020) 21:309 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-020-01849-z Review Article Overview of Extensively Employed Polymeric Carriers in Solid Dispersion Technology Athira R. Nair,1 Yarlagadda Dani Lakshman,1 Vullendula Sai Krishna Anand,1 K. S. Navya Sree,1 Krishnamurthy Bhat,1 and Swapnil J. Dengale1,2 Received 2 July 2020; accepted 7 October 2020 Abstract. Solid dispersion is the preferred technology to prepare efficacious forms of BCS class-II/IV APIs. To prepare solid dispersions, there exist a wide variety of polymeric carriers with interesting physicochemical and thermochemical characteristics available at the disposal of a formulation scientist. Since the advent of the solid dispersion technology in the early 1960s, there have been more than 5000 scientific papers published in the subject area. This review discusses the polymeric carrier properties of most extensively used polymers PVP, Copovidone, PEG, HPMC, HPMCAS, and Soluplus® in the solid dispersion technology. The literature trends about preparation techniques, dissolution, and stability improvement are analyzed from the Scopus® database to enable a formulator to make an informed choice of polymeric carrier. The stability and extent of dissolution improvement are largely dependent upon the type of polymeric carrier employed to formulate solid dispersions. With the increasing acceptance of transfer dissolution setup in the research community, it is required to evaluate the crystallization/precipitation inhibition potential of polymers under dynamic pH shift conditions. Further, there is a need to develop a regulatory framework which provides definition and complete classification along with necessarily recommended studies to characterize and evaluate solid dispersions. KEYWORDS: solid dispersion; polymers; dissolution; solubility; stability.
    [Show full text]
  • Guide to the Nomenclature of Particle Dispersion Technology for Ceramic Systems
    NAT L INST. OF STAND & TECH PUBLICATIONS United States Department of Commerce Technology Administration rviisr National Institute of Standards and Technology NIST Special Publication 945 Guide to the Nomenclature of Particle Dispersion Technology for Ceramic Systems Vincent A. Hackley !57 (0.945 •000 rhe National Institute of Standards and Technology was established in 1988 by Congress to "assist industry in the development of technology . needed to improve product quality, to modernize manufacturing processes, to ensure product reliability . and to facilitate rapid commercialization ... of products based on new scientific discoveries." NIST, originally founded as the National Bureau of Standards in 1901, works to strengthen U.S. industry's competitiveness; advance science and engineering; and improve public health, safety, and the environment. One of the agency's basic functions is to develop, maintain, and retain custody of the national standards of measurement, and provide the means and metliods for comparing standards used in science, engineering, manufacturing, commerce, industry, and education with the standards adopted or recognized by the Federal Government. As an agency of the U.S. Commerce Department's Technology Administration, NIST conducts basic and applied research in the physical sciences and engineering, and develops measurement techniques, test methods, standards, and related services. The Institute does generic and precompetitive work on new and advanced technologies. NIST's research facilities are located at Gaithersburg,
    [Show full text]
  • 1.2 Advantages of Ultrasound Over Traditional Characterization Techniques
    Dispersion Technology, Inc. Phone (914) 241-4791 3 Hillside Avenue Fax (914) 241-4842 Mount Kisco, NY 10549 USA Email [email protected] ULTRASOUND FOR CHARACTERIZING COLLOIDS Particle Sizing, Zeta Potential, Rheology Andrei S. Dukhin and Philip J. Goetz We would like to announce the publication of a new book, entitled “ULTRASOUND for CHARACTERIZING COLLOIDS - Particle sizing, Zeta Potential, Rheology” - 425 pages, 475 references, by A. Dukhin and P. Goetz. This book is being published as the next volume in the Elsevier series “Studies in Interface Science”, edited by D. Moebius and R. Miller. It has been submitted to Elsevier and should be published by July 2002. You will find the Table of Contents and Introduction below. Table of Contents CHAPTER 1. Introduction 1 1.1 Historical overview. 5 1.2 Advantages of ultrasound over traditional characterization techniques. 10 Bibliography 15 CHAPTER 2. Fundamentals of interface and colloid science 21 2.1 Real and model dispersions. 22 2.2 Parameters of the model dispersion medium. 24 2.2.1 Gravimetric parameters. 25 2.2.2 Rheological parameters. 25 2.2.3 Acoustic parameters. 26 2.2.4 Thermodynamic parameters. 27 2.2.5 Electrodynamic parameters. 28 2.2.6 Electroacoustic parameters. 29 2.2.7 Chemical composition. 30 2.3 Parameters of the model dispersed phase. 31 2.3.1 Rigid vs. soft particles. 33 2.3.2 Particle size distribution. 34 2.4. Parameters of the model interfacial layer. 39 2.4.1. Flat surfaces. 41 2.4.2 Spherical DL, isolated and overlapped. 42 2.4.3 Electric Double Layer at high ionic strength.
    [Show full text]
  • Thermodynamic Stability Condition Can Judge Whether a Nanoparticle Dispersion Can Be Considered a Solution in a Single Phase
    This is a repository copy of Thermodynamic stability condition can judge whether a nanoparticle dispersion can be considered a solution in a single phase. White Rose Research Online URL for this paper: https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/159853/ Version: Accepted Version Article: Shimizu, Seishi orcid.org/0000-0002-7853-1683 and Matubayasi, Nobuyuki (2020) Thermodynamic stability condition can judge whether a nanoparticle dispersion can be considered a solution in a single phase. JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE. pp. 472-479. ISSN 0021-9797 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2020.04.101 Reuse This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CC BY-NC-ND) licence. This licence only allows you to download this work and share it with others as long as you credit the authors, but you can’t change the article in any way or use it commercially. More information and the full terms of the licence here: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/ Takedown If you consider content in White Rose Research Online to be in breach of UK law, please notify us by emailing [email protected] including the URL of the record and the reason for the withdrawal request. [email protected] https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/ Thermodynamic stability condition can judge whether a nanoparticle dispersion can be considered a solution in a single phase Seishi Shimizu1,* and Nobuyuki Matubayasi2 1York Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom 2Division of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan Corresponding Author: Seishi Shimizu York Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom.
    [Show full text]
  • Guide to the Nomenclature of Particle Dispersion Technology for Ceramic Systems
    NAT L INST. OF STAND & TECH PUBLICATIONS United States Department of Commerce Technology Administration rviisr National Institute of Standards and Technology NIST Special Publication 945 Guide to the Nomenclature of Particle Dispersion Technology for Ceramic Systems Vincent A. Hackley !57 (0.945 •000 rhe National Institute of Standards and Technology was established in 1988 by Congress to "assist industry in the development of technology . needed to improve product quality, to modernize manufacturing processes, to ensure product reliability . and to facilitate rapid commercialization ... of products based on new scientific discoveries." NIST, originally founded as the National Bureau of Standards in 1901, works to strengthen U.S. industry's competitiveness; advance science and engineering; and improve public health, safety, and the environment. One of the agency's basic functions is to develop, maintain, and retain custody of the national standards of measurement, and provide the means and metliods for comparing standards used in science, engineering, manufacturing, commerce, industry, and education with the standards adopted or recognized by the Federal Government. As an agency of the U.S. Commerce Department's Technology Administration, NIST conducts basic and applied research in the physical sciences and engineering, and develops measurement techniques, test methods, standards, and related services. The Institute does generic and precompetitive work on new and advanced technologies. NIST's research facilities are located at Gaithersburg,
    [Show full text]
  • ELSEVIER AS Dukhin 8, PI Goetz A, TH Wines B
    COLLOIDS AND Colloids and Surfaces SURFACES A ELSEVIER A: Physicochemicaland Engineering AspectsJ73 (2000) 127-158 www.elsevier.nl{Jocate/colsurfa A.S. Dukhin 8, P.I. Goetz a, T.H. Wines b, P. Somasundaran b,* a Dispersion TechnologyInc., 3 Hillside Ave~, Mt Kisco, NY 10549, USA b Columbia University, Rm. 911, .500 W. 12OthStreet, 1140Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY 10027, USA Received 28 September 1999; ~ 13 March 2000 Abstract Two new ultrasound based techniques (acoustics and electroacoustics)otTer a unique opportunity to characterize concentrated dispersion, emulsions and microemulsions in their natural state, without dilution. Elimination of the dilution protocol is crucial for an adequate characterization of liquid dispersions, especially structured. Dilution changes the thermodynamic equilibrium in these systems and atTects their reological properties. Changes in equilibrium conditions can lead to variation of the particle size and can also affect surface chemistry. In this paper, a short review of the theoretical basis of the ultrasound techniques is given. Emphasis is placed on the theoretical models which are supposed to be valid in concentrated systems.These theories have been developed recently on the basis of 'cell model concept' for bOth acoustics and electroacoustics. This approach opens the way to implement particle-particle interaction into the theoretical model. Experiment proves that these theories are adequate in concentrated systems up to 45% vol. Second part of the paper is dedicated to the applications of acoustics and electroacoustics.The list of applications includes: ceramics, mixed dispersed systems, chemical-polishing materials, emulsions, food emulsions, microemulsions and latecies. @ 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. Keywordr: Acoustic spectroscopy; Electroacoustic spectroscopy; Ultrasound techniques .
    [Show full text]
  • Tailored Nanoscaled Tio2 Dispersions for Photocatalytic Applications
    Tailored nanoscaled TiO2 dispersions for photocatalytic applications S. Pilotek*, K. Gossmann**, F. Tabellion**, K. Steingröver**, H. Homann*** *Buhler Inc. (PARTEC), Austin TX, USA, [email protected] **Bühler PARTEC GmbH, Saarbrücken, Germany, [email protected] ***Bühler AG (PARTEC), Uzwil, Switzerland, [email protected] ABSTRACT (anatase, rutile, and brookite) is the most active. Usually, nanoscaled anatase is considered as the most active phase. We present the production of photocatalytic TiO2 It is highly important, however, to design the dispersions in water and organic solvents for various photocatalyst such that a large fraction of the catalytic applications as well as an application of such dispersions in surface area is accessible. Nano powders intrinsically have a self cleaning transparent hard coat. TiO2 dispersions in a large specific surface, however, agglomeration usually water may be used in aqueous systems, whereas TiO2 in reduces the accessible area. Thus, processing has an organic solvents can be integrated into suitable binders immediate effect on efficiency. At the same time, including screen printing pastes. We stress the importance sufficiently dispersed nanoscaled particles allow to produce of dispersion quality with respect to the application to transparent materials. produce efficient photocatalytic materials. Apart from the We present various photocatalytic TiO2 dispersions in photocatalytic effect itself which is intrinsic to TiO2, the water and organic solvents produced by top-down and main challenges comprise the chemical degradation of the bottom-up methods. Dispersing nanoparticles needs special matrix and the particle integration into a suitable matrix. attention since colloidal systems are very sensitive to We use the chemomechanical process to produce change within a formulation.
    [Show full text]