Koolyanobbing Range F Deposit

Yilgarn Operations

Mining Act 1978 (WA) Mining Proposal Addendum to Notice of Intent 1303 Mining Leases M77/607-I, M77/989-I, M77/990-I and M77/1278-I

January 2017

Document History

Rev No. Author Distribution Date Status A S Hawkins J Grace, V Roberts, N Smith, 04 .06.2015 Draft for Client Review P Smallbone, M Kamperman B S Hawkins V Roberts, N Smith 17.08.2016 Draft for Client Review C S Hawkins V Roberts 07.08.2016 Final for Client Approval D S Hawkins DMP 12.09.2016 Public Release E S Hawkins DMP 06.01.2017 Public Release

Citation This document should be cited as: Cliffs Asia Pacific Iron Ore Pty Ltd (2017) Yilgarn Operations - Koolyanobbing Range F Deposit - Mining Act 1978 (WA) Mining Proposal - Addendum to Notice of Intent 1303 - Mining Leases M77/607-I, M77/989-I, M77/990-I and M77/1278-I. Report prepared by Hawkins S of Globe Environments Australia Pty Ltd for Cliffs Asia Pacific Iron Ore Pty Ltd. Revision E. January 2017.

Acknowledgement The assistance and contributions of staff from Cliffs Asia Pacific Iron Ore Pty Ltd is acknowledged and appreciated. This report also includes recent contributions provided by Cliffs’ supporting consultants including (in alphabetical order) Bamford Consulting Ecologists, Bennelongia Environmental Consultants, Biota Environmental Sciences, Botanic Gardens and Parks Authority, CAD Resources, Maia Environmental Consultancy, MWH Australia, SRK Consulting and Woodman Environmental Consulting. The assistance and contributions of these supporting consultants is also acknowledged and appreciated.

Limitations This document has been prepared by Globe Environments Australia Pty Ltd for the exclusive use of the Client, for the sole purpose stated in the document title. Globe Environments Australia Pty Ltd has prepared this document in a manner consistent with the normal level of care and expertise exercised by members of the environmental services profession. In preparing this document, Globe Environments Australia Pty Ltd has relied on information provided by the Client, as well as other publicly available contextual information, all of which is presumed accurate and complete on receipt. Globe Environments Australia Pty Ltd makes no warranty and accepts no liability for the use of this document by persons other than the Client or for use of this document in excess of its stated purpose.

Globe Environments Australia Pty Ltd Contact: Stuart Hawkins Director / Consulting Scientist B.Sc. Hons (Env. Mgt), ECA. Phone: 0400 455 554 Email: [email protected] Website: www.GlobeEnvironments.com.au

Yilgarn Operations Cliffs Asia Pacific Iron Ore Pty Ltd Koolyanobbing Range F Deposit Mining Proposal – Mining Leases M77/607-I, M77/989-I, M77/990-I and M77/1278-I January 2017 (Revision E)

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Koolyanobbing Range F Deposit

Cliffs Asia Pacific Iron Ore Pty Ltd (Cliffs) operates the Yilgarn Operations, which includes the mining of iron ore deposits at the Koolyanobbing Range, Mt Jackson Range, Windarling Range and the Deception Deposit (undeveloped), processing of ore at Koolyanobbing, and road and rail transport between these operations and the Port of Esperance where the processed ore is exported to international customers.

Cliffs proposes to continue development of the Yilgarn Operations through a new mining operation at the Koolyanobbing Range F Deposit (‘the Project’), located at the southern Koolyanobbing Range, approximately 50km north-north-east of Southern Cross in the Shire of Yilgarn. The Project is expected to yield an estimated 8.5 million tonnes of iron ore having a gross economic value of approximately A$450million. The Project has been scheduled to commence from Q1 2017 and will have an expected mining-life of approximately 3 years, to 2019.

The Project area covered by this Mining Proposal is identified by Figure E-1. The Project will be implemented within an area of 203 hectares (ha) within Mining Leases M77/607-I (DMP 2016a, Attachment 1), M77/989-I (DMP 2016b, Attachment 2), M77/990-I (DMP 2016c, Attachment 3) and M77/1278-I (DMP 2016d, Attachment 4), comprising the following mine infrastructure components: o Mine Pits (33ha); o Waste Rock Landform (73ha); and o Support Infrastructure (97ha).

The Project will form an operational extension to Cliffs’ approved Koolyanobbing Range mine operations, with Cliffs’ existing infrastructure and facilities used to the extent necessary to support the Project.

To ensure the potential environmental effects of the Project are minimised and controlled to an acceptable level, Cliffs proposes to implement the Project in accordance with Cliffs’ Environmental Policy (Cliffs Natural Resources 2014, Attachment 5) and international standard ISO 14001:2004-certified Environmental Management System (EMS) (SGS 2015, Attachment 6).

Cliffs’ EMS contains a series of Environmental Management Plans (EMPs) that address specific environmental aspects of the mine operations. Cliffs considers the potential environmental effects of the Project can be managed in accordance with the following EMPs: o Flora and Vegetation Management Plan (Cliffs 2016a, Attachment 7); o Fauna Management Plan (Cliffs 2016b, Attachment 8); and o Mine Closure Plan (Cliffs 2016c, Attachment 9).

This Mining Proposal for the Project has been prepared to meet the requirements of, and for the approval of, the Department of Mines and Petroleum (DMP) under s82A(2) of the Mining Act 1978 (WA), in accordance with the DMP (2006) document Mining Environmental Management Guideline: Mining Proposals in WA, and in compliance with Conditions 6 and 18 of Mining Lease M77/607-I, Condition 8 of Mining Lease M77/989-I, Conditions 8 and 23 of Mining Lease M77/990-I, and Condition 7 of Mining Lease M77/1278-I. This Mining Proposal is submitted as an addendum to the Notice of Intent 1303 (Cliffs 1993) for the Koolyanobbing Range mine operations previously approved by DMP (1993). To enable Cliffs to implement the Project, DMP is requested to provide written approval of the Project as described by this Mining Proposal.

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Figure E-1 Mining Proposal Area. The Project area (203ha) covered by this Mining Proposal is identified in yellow. Cliffs’ approved Koolyanobbing Range mine operations are shaded in orange. Tenement boundaries are also identified.

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Mining Proposal Checklist

DMP (2006) Guideline: Checklist o A completed mining proposal checklist with corporate endorsement must be placed after the title page.

Table E-1. Mining Proposal Checklist. This checklist has been prepared in accordance with DMP (2006).

No. Item Yes, No, Section(s) Comment NA

Public Availability

1 Are you aware that this Mining Proposal is Yes - - publicly available?

2 Is there any information in this mining No - - proposal that should not be publicly available?

3 If ‘No’ to Q2, do you have any problems No - - with the information contained within this Mining Proposal being publicly available?

4 If ‘Yes’ to Q2, has confidential information N/A - - been submitted in a separate document / section?

5 Has the Mining Proposal been endorsed? Yes - - (See last page Checklist.)

Mining Proposal Details 6 Have you included the tenement Yes - - number(s), site name, proposal overview and date in the title page?

7 Who authored the Mining Proposal? Stuart Hawkins Director/ Consulting Scientist Globe Environments Australia Pty Ltd Telephone: 0400 455 554 Email: [email protected] 8 State who to contact for enquiries about Project and Technical Enquiries: the Mining Proposal? Stuart Hawkins Director/ Consulting Scientist Globe Environments Australia Pty Ltd Telephone: 0400 455 554 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Corporate Enquiries: Vince Roberts Manager Land Access Cliffs Asia Pacific Iron Ore Pty Ltd Telephone: 9426 3322 Email: [email protected]

9 How many copies were submitted to DoIR? Hard Copies = 1 copy (including references) Electronic = 1 copy (via DMP’s Environmental Assessment and Regulatory System)

10 Is this Mining Proposal to support lease No - - application?

11 Has a Geological Resource Statement Yes Section 3 The Project resource is been included (refer section 4.3.2 of Mining estimated at 8.5 Mt. Proposal Guidelines)

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No. Item Yes, No, Section(s) Comment NA

12 Will more than 10 million tonnes of ore and No - The total mass of 22.5Mt of ore waste be extracted per year? State total (8.5Mt) and waste rock (14Mt) tonnage: ______will be mined over a period of approximately 3 years.

13 Will more than 2 million tonnes of ore be No - The Project does not include processed per year? State total throughput. ore processing. Ore from the ______Project will be processed at Cliffs’ approved Koolyanobbing Range mine operations. 14 Is the Mining Proposal located on pre-1899 No - - Crown Grant Land? (not subject to the Mining Act 1978)

15 Is the Mining Proposal located on Reserve No - - Land? If ‘Yes’ state Reserve types in space below:

16 Will the Mining Proposal occur within or No - - affect a declared occupied townsite? 17 Is the Mining Proposal within 2 km of the No - - coastline or a Private Conservation Reserve?

18 Is the Mining Proposal wholly or partially No - - within a World Heritage Property, Biosphere Reserve, Heritage Site or Soil Reference Site.

Tenement Details

19 Are all mining operations within granted or Yes Section 4 - applied for tenement boundaries?

20 Are you the tenement holder of all Yes Section 4 - tenements?

21 If ‘No’ at 20, do you have written N/A - - authorisation from the tenement holder(s) to undertake the Mining Proposal activities? (Refer to section 4.2.1 of the Mining Proposal Guidelines)

22 Is ‘Yes’ at 21, then is a copy of the N/A - - authorisation contained within the Mining Proposal?

23 Have you checked for compliance against Yes Section 4 Cliffs is in compliance with all tenement conditions? conditions of Mining Leases M77/607-I, M77/989-I, M77/990-I and M77/1278-I.

Location and Site Layout Plans

24 Have you included location plans showing Yes Section 2 - tenement boundaries and mining operations?

25 Have you included site layout plans Yes Section 2 - showing all mining operations and infrastructure in relation to tenement boundaries?

26 Have you included “Area of Disturbance Yes Section 4 - Tables” for all tenements impacted by mining operations?

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No. Item Yes, No, Section(s) Comment NA

Environmental Protection Act 1986 (WA) 27 Does the Mining Proposal require referral No - Cliffs referred the Project to EPA under Part IV or the MOU? If ‘Yes’ describe for assessment under s38 of the why in space below: Environmental Protection Act 1986 (WA) in Q3 2014 (Cliffs 2014a), with the Cliffs (2015a) Environmental Impact Assessment (Public Environmental Review) document subject to assessment by EPA. The EPA (2016) report on the Project to the WA Minister for Environment was completed during Q3 2016, with the subsequent approval by the Minister anticipated during Q1 2017. The assessment and approval processes of EPA under the Environmental Protection Act 1986 (WA) will be undertaken in parallel to the assessment of this Mining Proposal by DMP under the Mining Act 1978 (WA).

28 Has the EPA set a level of assessment? If yes Yes Section 4 The Project has been assigned state: an assessment level of Public Environmental Review by EPA. 29 Is a clearing permit required? If ‘No’ then No - A Clearing Permit will not be explain why in space below? required as approval for the clearing of native vegetation will be granted under s45(5) of the Environmental Protection Act 1986 (WA)) (refer Item 2(a) of Schedule 6 of the Act).

30 If ‘Yes’ at Q29 then has a permit been N/A - - applied for?

31 Is a Works Approval required by the DEC No Section 4 An amendment to Licence (formerly DoE)? 5850 (DER 2016) under the Environmental Protection Act 1986 (WA) was submitted to DER in Q1 2016 to include components of the Project within the authorised areas for ‘Category 12 Screening, etc. of Material’ and ‘Category 64 Class II or III Putrescible Landfill Site’. The assessment and approval processes of DER under the Environmental Protection Act 1986 (WA) will be undertaken in parallel to the assessment of this Mining Proposal by DMP under the Mining Act 1978 (WA).

32 Has a Works Approval application been No - - submitted to the DEC (formerly DoE)?

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No. Item Yes, No, Section(s) Comment NA

Stakeholder Consultation 33 Have the following stakeholders been consulted? (use N/A if not applicable)

Shire? Yes Section 6 Stakeholder consultation has been undertaken with the Shire of Yilgarn. Pastoralist? N/A - The Project is not located within a Pastoral Lease.

DEC (formerly CALM)? Yes Section 6 Stakeholder consultation has been undertaken with DPaW.

Main Roads? No - Stakeholder consultation has not been undertaken with Main Roads as the Project does not include the development or use of public roads.

Others? (specify): Yes Section 6 Stakeholder consultation has been undertaken with DMP, EPA, DPaW, DER, DAA, DoW, DoL, Shire of Yilgarn, former Pastoral Leaseholder and Cliffs’ Community Consultation Group.

Environmental Assessment and Management 34 Is the Mining Proposal wholly or partially No Section 3 - within DEC (formerly CALM) managed areas?

35 If ‘yes’ at Q34 has DEC (formally CALM) N/A - - been consulted?

36 Is the Mining Proposal wholly or partially No - - within a Red Book Area or a Bush Forever Site?

37 Will the Mining Proposal impact upon a No - - Water Resource Area, Water Reserve, declared or proposed catchment, Groundwater Protection Area, significant lake or Wetland?

38 Is a water or de-watering licence required? No Section 4 Groundwater supply for the Project will occur in accordance with Licence GWL15549 (DoW 2014) and Licence CAW181766 (DoW 2015) granted to Cliffs by DoW under s5C and s26D of the Rights in Water and Irrigation Act 1914 (WA). Groundwater dewatering will not be required for the Project.

39 If ‘Yes’ at Q38 then has the licence(s) N/A - - application been submitted?

40 Does the Mining Proposal include a new No - - tailings storage facility or changes to existing tailings storage facility?

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No. Item Yes, No, Section(s) Comment NA

41 Have waste characterisation assessments Yes Section 3 Geochemical characterisation been undertaken (eg. AMD, dispersiveness, Section 5 has identified the majority (79%) salinity)? of the waste rock to be non- acid forming (NAF), with a limited mass (6%) classified as potentially acid forming (PAF) and a limited mass (15%) classified as uncertain (UC). The waste rock was classified as having a low-risk of metalliferous drainage and low salinity (SRK 2015). Consistent with the processes applied for Cliffs’ approved Yilgarn Operations, the NAF waste rock will be co-mingled with the PAF/UC waste rock, with the waste rock composition indicating an average NAF:PAF/UC ratio of approximately 4:1 can be achieved; thereby meeting the co-mingling ratios recommended by SRK (2015). The outer 5m of the Waste Rock Landform will be constructed of NAF waste rock in order to effectively contain and isolate the co-mingled waste rock from the surrounding environment. 42 Have flora and fauna surveys been Yes Section 3 The Project area has been undertaken? Section 5 subject to various flora and fauna surveys. Copies of the survey reports are provided on the compact disc appended to this Mining Proposal (refer to Section 9 References).

43 Are any rare / endangered species Yes Section 3 The Project coincides with present? Section 5 individuals of the ‘Rare Flora’ taxon Tetratheca erubescens declared under the Wildlife Conservation Act 1950 (WA). The Project also coincides with fauna records of 4 taxa declared as ‘Specially Protected Fauna’ under the Wildlife Conservation Act 1950 (WA), being Leipoa ocellata, Merops ornatus, Falco peregrinus and Cacatua leadbeateri.

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No. Item Yes, No, Section(s) Comment NA

44 Has a Preliminary Closure Plan has been Yes Section 11 A Mine Closure Plan included? (Cliffs 2016c) for the Project is provided in Section 11 Attachments (Attachment 9). The Mine Closure Plan has been prepared consistent with the DMP and EPA (2015) document Guidelines for Preparing Mine Closure Plans and the ANZMEC and MCA (2000) document Strategic Framework for Mine Closure. To enable Cliffs to implement the Project, DMP is requested to grant approval of the Mine Closure Plan in parallel with approval of this Mining Proposal. To note, the Mine Closure Plan is consistent with the Mine Closure Plan (Cliffs 2012) applying to the approved Koolyanobbing Range mine operations previously approved by DMP (2013).

I certify that, to the best of my knowledge and belief, the above checklist accurately reflects the information contained within this Mining Proposal.

Signed:

Name: Vince Roberts Position: Manager Land Access CLIFFS ASIA PACIFIC IRON ORE PTY LTD Date: 6th January 2017

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Contents

Executive Summary 3 Koolyanobbing Range F Deposit 3 Mining Proposal Checklist 5

1 Summary and Commitments 15 1.1 Project Summary 15 1.2 Assessment, Management and Commitments 16

2 Background Information 23 2.1 Ownership 23 2.2 Project Objectives 24 2.3 Location and Site Layout Plans 25 2.4 History 51 2.5 Existing Facilities 52

3 Existing Environment 53 3.1 Regional Setting 53 3.2 Geology 54 3.3 Characterisation of Waste Rock and Tailings 55 3.4 Soils and Soil Profiles 56 3.5 Hydrology 57 3.6 Climate 58 3.7 Flora and Fauna 59 3.8 Social Environment 61

4 Project Description 63 4.1 Area of Disturbance Table 63 4.2 Mining Operations 64 4.3 Ore Processing 70 4.4 Tailings Storage 70 4.5 Support Facilities 71 4.6 Workforce 71 4.7 Transportation Corridors 71 4.8 Resource Requirements and Regional Infrastructure 72 4.9 Compliance with Legislation and Other Approvals 73

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5 Environmental Assessment 78 5.1 Land Clearing 78 5.2 Water 79 5.3 Flora 82 5.4 Fauna 94 5.5 Topsoil and Soil Profiles 103 5.6 Domestic and Industrial Waste Products 104 5.7 Waste Rock and Tailings Management 105 5.8 Hydrocarbon Management 106 5.9 Dangerous Goods and Hazardous Substances 106 5.10 Atmospheric Pollution and Noise 107

6 Social Assessment 110 6.1 Heritage 110 6.2 Land Use and Community 111 6.3 Social Environment 127 6.4 Workforce Induction and Training 128

7 Mine Closure 129 7.1 Post-mining Land Use 129 7.2 Rehabilitation 130 7.3 Strategic Framework for Mine Closure 140 7.4 Submission of Closure Plan Documents 140

8 Study Team 142

9 References 144

10 Glossary 157

11 Attachments 161 1 Mining Tenement Report Mining Lease M77/607-I (DMP 2016a) 162 2 Mining Tenement Report Mining Lease M77/989-I (DMP 2016b) 196 3 Mining Tenement Report Mining Lease M77/990-I (DMP 2016c) 204 4 Mining Tenement Report Mining Lease M77/1278-I (DMP 2016d) 228 5 Environmental Policy (Cliffs Natural Resources 2014) 235 6 AS/NZS ISO 14001:2004 Environmental Management System Certification 237 (SGS 2015)

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7 Flora and Vegetation Management Plan (Cliffs 2016a) 239 8 Fauna Management Plan (Cliffs 2016b) 255 9 Mine Closure Plan (Cliffs 2016c) 269

List of Figures E-1 Mining Proposal Area 4 2-1 Regional Location 28 2-2 Regional Location 29 2-3 Mining Proposal Area 30 2-4 General Mine Layout 31 2-5 Mine Pits Cross Sections 32 2-6 Waste Rock Landform Cross Section 33 2-7 Mine Closure Management Units 34 2-8 Post-Mining Safety Abandonment Bunding 35 2-9 Waste Rock Landform Design 36 2-10 Surface Water 37 2-11 Geology 38 2-12a Flora Taxa 39 2-12b Flora Taxa 40 2-12c Flora Taxa 41 2-12d Flora Taxa 42 2-13a Vegetation Units 43 2-13b Vegetation Units 44 2-14 Priority Ecological Community 45 2-15a Fauna Taxa 46 2-15b Fauna Taxa 47 2-15c Fauna Taxa 48 2-15d Fauna Taxa 49 2-16 Aboriginal Heritage 50

List of Tables E-1 Mining Proposal Checklist 5 1-1 Project Key Characteristics 16 1-2 Summary of the Assessment Factors, Potential Effects, Management 17 Proposed and Predicted Outcomes 2-1 Contact Details 24 3-1 Mineral Resource Estimate 54 4-1 Tenements and Areas 64 5-1 Flora Taxa 88

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5-2 Vegetation Units 92 5-3 Fauna Taxa 98 7-1 Mine Closure Objectives 135 7-2 Interim Mine Closure Completion Criteria 136 7-3 Mine Closure Monitoring 138

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1 Summary and Commitments

DMP (2006) Guideline: Summary and Commitments o Provide: o A summary of the project description, potential environmental impacts and proposed management of these impacts. o A statement to indicate that discussions about the project have been undertaken with the local shire, pastoralist, land holder and any other relevant stakeholders, noting the relevant issues raised and proposed resolutions or outcomes from consultation or negotiations. o A consolidated list of environmental management and rehabilitation commitments.

1.1 Project Summary

Cliffs proposes to continue development of the Yilgarn Operations through a new mining operation at the Koolyanobbing Range F Deposit (‘the Project’), located at the southern Koolyanobbing Range, approximately 50km north-north-east of Southern Cross in the Shire of Yilgarn. The Project is expected to yield an estimated 8.5 million tonnes (Mt) of iron ore having a gross economic value of approximately A$450million. The Project has been scheduled to commence from Q1 2017 and will have an expected mining-life of approximately 3 years, to 2019.

The Project area covered by this Mining Proposal is identified by Figure E-1. The Project will be implemented within an area of 203 hectares (ha) within Mining Leases M77/607-I (DMP 2016c, Attachment 1), M77/989-I (DMP 2016b, Attachment 2), M77/990-I (DMP 2016c, Attachment 3) and M77/1278-I (DMP 2016d, Attachment 4), comprising the following mine infrastructure components: o Mine Pits (33ha); o Waste Rock Landform (73ha); and o Support Infrastructure (97ha).

The key characteristics of the Project are outlined by Table 1-1.

Mining for the Project will be undertaken by standard open-pit mining methods (drill, blast and excavation) and using standard plant and equipment (excavators, loaders, trucks).

The Project will be integrated into Cliffs’ approved Koolyanobbing Range mine operations, with the existing infrastructure and facilities used to the extent necessary to support the Project.

Cliffs has consulted key stakeholders for the Project. A summary of the consultations undertaken is provided in Section 6.2 Land Use and Community.

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PROJECT: KOOLYANOBBING RANGE F DEPOSIT

ELEMENT DESCRIPTION

GENERAL

Location Mining Leases M77/607-I, M77/989-I, M77/990-I and M77/1278-I, located at the Koolyanobbing Range in the Shire of Yilgarn, Western Australia.

Mining Life 3 years (nominal)

Mining Method Open cut

Area 203ha (as per the components listed below)

COMPONENTS

Mine Pits Location M77/989-I

Area 33ha

Depth 360mAHD

Waste Rock Landform Location M77/989-I, M77/1278-I

Area 73ha

Elevation 400mAHD

Support Infrastructure Location M77/607-I, M77/989-I, M77/990-I, M77/1278-I

Area 97ha

Infrastructure Includes ore stockpiles, rehabilitation stockpiles, mine roads, gravel pits, mine administration facilities, workshop and maintenance facilities, hydrocarbon and chemical and explosives storage facilities, water treatment facility, wastewater treatment facility, power generation facilities.

Abbreviations: ha = hectares mAHD = metres in Australian Height Datum

Table 1-1 Project Key Characteristics.

1.2 Assessment, Management and Commitments

To ensure the potential environmental effects of the Project are minimised and controlled to an acceptable level, Cliffs proposes to implement the Project in accordance with Cliffs’ Environmental Policy (Cliffs Natural Resources 2014, Attachment 5) and Australian and New Zealand (AS/NZS) International Standards Organisation (ISO) 14001:2004-certified Environmental Management System (EMS) (SGS 2015, Attachment 6).

Cliffs’ EMS contains a series of Environmental Management Plans (EMPs) that address specific environmental aspects of the mine operations. Cliffs considers the potential environmental effects of the Project can be appropriately managed in accordance with the following EMPs: o Flora and Vegetation Management Plan (Cliffs 2016a, Attachment 7); o Fauna Management Plan (Cliffs 2016b, Attachment 8); and o Mine Closure Plan (Cliffs 2016c, Attachment 9).

A summary of the potential environmental effects of the Project, proposed management actions (commitments) and the predicted outcomes from management is outlined by Table 1-2.

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Table 1-2 Summary of the Assessment Factors, Potential Effects, Management Proposed and Predicted Outcomes. The listed factors are outlined by DMP (2006), and are consistent with the sub-headings used in this Mining Proposal. Copies of the identified EMPs are provided at Attachments 7 to 9.

FACTOR POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS MANAGEMENT and PREDICTED OUTCOME

ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS

Land Clearing The Project will be implemented within an area of 203ha, Cliffs proposes to manage the potential environmental effects of land clearing through the comprising approximately 189ha of native vegetation and implementation of standard mine operational controls, including limiting land clearing to 14ha of cleared land. The native vegetation will require within approved areas, progressive staging of land clearing (where possible), and clearing to enable development of the Project. management of dust within cleared land. Implementation of the above management actions is expected to ensure the potential environmental effects of the Project from land clearing are minimised and controlled to an acceptable level.

Water The Project will require groundwater for use in dust Cliffs proposes to manage the potential environmental effects to water through adherence suppression and other mining activities. to: Groundwater dewatering will not be required for the o Rights in Water and Irrigation Act 1914 (WA), including compliance with Project as the Mine Pits are positioned above the recorded Licence GWL154459 (DoW 2014), Licence CAW181766 and the Groundwater groundwater level. Management Plan (Cliffs 2014b), as regulated by the Department of Water (DoW). The Rights in Water and Irrigation Act 1914 (WA) is the principal groundwater legislation in Western Australia and is regulated by DoW. Cliffs has been granted Licence GWL154459 and Licence CAW181766 to allow for groundwater abstraction and use across the Yilgarn Operations, with conditions imposed to manage and control groundwater use. Cliffs’ Groundwater Management Plan outlines the management actions through which groundwater abstraction and use is controlled and monitored. Implementation of the above management actions is expected to ensure the potential environmental effects of the Project to water are minimised and controlled to an acceptable level.

Flora The Project will be implemented within an area of 203ha, Cliffs proposes to manage the potential environmental effects to flora through the comprising approximately 189ha of native vegetation and implementation of: 14ha of cleared land. The native vegetation provides o Flora and Vegetation Management Plan (Cliffs 2016a, Attachment 7). habitat for a variety of native flora taxa, including The Flora and Vegetation Management Plan outlines the management actions to minimise Tetratheca erubescens which has been declared as ‘Rare the potential environmental effects to flora values, including from land clearing, saline water Flora’ under the Wildlife Conservation Act 1950 (WA) use, fire, dust and introduced flora. The Flora and Vegetation Management Plan also outlines (Woodman 2014; Maia 2013; WA Minister for the monitoring of flora taxa and vegetation units to determine any effect of the mine Environment 2015a). The native flora taxa coinciding with operations to flora values. the Project also includes 6 flora taxa classified by the

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FACTOR POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS MANAGEMENT and PREDICTED OUTCOME Department of Parks and Wildlife (DPaW) as ‘priority’ Cliffs also proposes to manage the potential environmental effects to the ‘Rare Flora’ taxon (Woodman 2014; DPaW 2016a). The Project also coincides Tetratheca erubescens through adherence to: with part of a DPaW-classified ‘priority’ ecological o Wildlife Conservation Act 1950 (WA), as regulated by DPaW. community (Woodman 2014; DPaW 2013). The Wildlife Conservation Act 1950 provides for the conservation and management of specified flora and fauna taxa in Western Australia, and is regulated by DPaW. Cliffs will prepare and submit an application to DPaW for a Licence to remove individuals of Tetratheca erubescens coinciding with the Project. Implementation of the management actions contained in the Flora and Vegetation Management Plan, and adherence to the Wildlife Conservation Act 1950 (WA), is expected to ensure the potential environmental effects of the Project to flora values are minimised and controlled to an acceptable level.

Fauna The Project will be implemented within an area of 203ha, Cliffs proposes to manage the potential environmental effects to fauna through the comprising approximately 189ha of native vegetation and implementation of: 14ha of cleared land. The native vegetation provides o Fauna Management Plan (Cliffs 20136, Attachment 8). habitat to a variety of native fauna taxa, including 4 taxa The Fauna Management Plan outlines the management actions to minimise the potential declared as ‘Specially Protected Fauna’ under the Wildlife environmental effects to fauna values, including from land clearing, saline water use, fire, dust Conservation Act 1950 (WA) and 1 DPaW-classified and introduced fauna. The Fauna Management Plan also outlines the monitoring of fauna ‘priority’ fauna taxon (BCE 2009a, c.2009; Biota 2012, taxa to determine any environmental effects of the mine operations to fauna values. 2014a, 2014b; WA Minister for Environment 2015b). Implementation of the management actions contained in the Fauna Management Plan is expected to ensure the potential environmental effects of the Project to fauna values are minimised and controlled to an acceptable level.

Topsoil and Soil The Project will be implemented within an area of 203ha Cliffs proposes to manage the potential environmental effects to topsoil and soil profiles Profiles containing topsoils and soil profiles. through the implementation of: o Mine Closure Plan (Cliffs 2016c, Attachment 9). The Mine Closure Plan outlines the management actions to minimise the potential environmental effects of mine closure, including the re-use of topsoil/subsoil materials in progressive and post-mining rehabilitation works. The Mine Closure Plan has been prepared consistent with the DMP and EPA (2015) document Guidelines for Preparing Mine Closure Plans and the ANZMEC and MCA (2000) document Strategic Framework for Mine Closure. Implementation of the management actions contained in the Mine Closure Plan is expected to ensure the potential environmental effects of the Project to topsoil and soil profiles are minimised and controlled to an acceptable level.

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FACTOR POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS MANAGEMENT and PREDICTED OUTCOME

Domestic and Domestic wastes will be produced from within the Support Cliffs’ approved mine operations recycle a variety of wastes (including steel, hydrocarbons Industrial Waste Infrastructure area, predominantly from the mine and batteries) to minimise landfill disposal. Steel, hydrocarbons and battery wastes from the Products administration facilities. Project will be recycled, reused or otherwise disposed of in accordance with Cliffs’ current Industrial wastes will be produced from within the Support management practices. Infrastructure area, predominantly from the workshop and Consistent with Cliffs’ approved Koolyanobbing Range mine operations, the Waste Rock maintenance facilities, equipment storage facilities, Landform may incorporate a landfill for the disposal of inert and putrescible wastes. The hydrocarbon and chemical and explosives storage landfill will be subject to an amendment to Licence 5850 (DER 2016) to include Category 64 facilities, water treatment facility, wastewater treatment ‘Class II or III Putrescible Landfill Site’ in accordance with the Environmental Protection facility and power generation facilities. Regulations 1987 (WA), as regulated by the Department of Environmental Regulation (DER). The domestic and industrial wastes will require Cliffs will transport and dispose of any industrial wastes that are classified as controlled wastes management to ensure appropriate disposal, recycling or in accordance with the Environmental Protection (Controlled Wastes) Regulations 2004 (WA), reuse. as also regulated by DER. Waste Rock and The Project will involve the excavation and disposal of an Geochemical characterisation has identified the majority of the waste rock (79%) to be non- Tailings estimated 14Mt of waste rock. acid forming (NAF), with a limited mass potentially acid forming (PAF) and uncertain (UC) Management The Project does not involve the production or storage of waste rock material. The waste rock was classified as having a low-risk of metalliferous tailings. drainage and low salinity (SRK 2015). Consistent with the processes applied for Cliffs’ approved Yilgarn Operations, the NAF waste rock will be co-mingled with the PAF/UC waste rock, with the waste rock composition indicating an average NAF:PAF/UC ratio of approximately 4:1 can be achieved; thereby meeting the co-mingling ratios recommended by SRK (2015). The outer 5m of the Waste Rock Landform will be constructed of NAF waste rock in order to effectively contain and isolate the co-mingled waste rock from the surrounding environment. The Project does not involve the production or storage of tailings. Accordingly, no management actions for tailings are proposed.

Hydrocarbon The Support Infrastructure may include workshop and Hydrocarbons will be transported, stored and managed in accordance with the requirements Management maintenance facilities, hydrocarbon storage facilities, and and specifications of the Dangerous Goods Safety Act 2004 (WA) and the Dangerous Goods power generation facilities. These facilities will require the Safety (Storage and Handling of Non-Explosives) Regulations 2007 (WA), as regulated by DMP. use of hydrocarbons, predominantly being in the form of As a significant environmental effect from hydrocarbons is not expected where they are diesel fuel and lubricating oils. The volume of transported, stored and managed in accordance with this legislation, a significant hydrocarbons required for use and storage for the Project is environmental effect from hydrocarbons for the Project is not expected. currently unknown, however, is expected to be comparable to the volumes required for Cliffs’ approved mine operations. Hydrocarbons are required to be transported, stored and managed in accordance with the requirements and

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FACTOR POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS MANAGEMENT and PREDICTED OUTCOME specifications of the Dangerous Goods Safety Act 2004 (WA) and the Dangerous Goods Safety (Storage and Handling of Non-Explosives) Regulations 2007 (WA). A significant environmental effect from hydrocarbons is not expected where they are transported, stored and managed in accordance with this legislation.

Dangerous The Support Infrastructure may include facilities for the Dangerous goods and hazardous substances will be transported, stored and managed in Goods and storage of hydrocarbons, chemicals and explosives. accordance with the requirements and specifications of the Dangerous Goods Safety Act Hazardous Dangerous goods and hazardous substances (which 2004 (WA), Dangerous Goods Safety (Storage and Handling of Non-Explosives) Regulations Substances include hydrocarbons, chemicals and explosives) are 2007 (WA) and the Dangerous Goods (Explosives) Regulations 2007 (WA), as regulated by required to be transported, stored and managed in DMP. As a significant environmental effect from dangerous goods and hazardous substances accordance with the requirements and specifications of is not expected where they are transported, stored and managed in accordance with this the Dangerous Goods Safety Act 2004 (WA), Dangerous legislation, a significant environmental effect from dangerous goods and hazardous Goods Safety (Storage and Handling of Non Explosives) substances for the Project is not expected. Regulations 2007 (WA) and the Dangerous Goods (Explosives) Regulations 2007 (WA). A significant environmental effect from dangerous goods and hazardous substances is not expected where they are transported, stored and managed in accordance with this legislation.

Atmospheric The Project can be expected to generate dust from Cliffs proposes to manage the potential environmental effects of dust through the Pollution and blasting, excavation, loading and transport of ore and implementation of standard mine operational controls, including staging of land clearing Noise waste rock, and by wind passing over cleared land areas. progressively where possible, dust controls during blasting, and management of cleared areas Monitoring of flora in proximity to Cliffs’ approved mine through the application of groundwater to minimise dust emissions. Implementation of the operations has not indicated a significant effect from dust above management actions is expected to ensure the potential environmental effects of the emissions. Fauna are generally not considered a dust Project from dust emissions are minimised and controlled to an acceptable level. receptor given their ability to move away from dust The Project is not located near any noise sensitive receptor. Accordingly, no management sources. There are no occupied residences in the vicinity actions for noise are proposed. of the Project which could be affected by dust emissions. There are no environmental receptors in the vicinity of the Project which could be expected to be affected by noise.

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FACTOR POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS MANAGEMENT and PREDICTED OUTCOME

Mine Closure The Project areas will require decommissioning and Cliffs proposes to manage mine closure through the implementation of: rehabilitation works to ensure all areas are left in a safe and o Mine Closure Plan (Cliffs 2016c, Attachment 9). stable condition at mine closure to allow for a post-mining The Mine Closure Plan outlines the management actions to be implemented during mine land use. closure, including the removal of mine infrastructure, rehabilitation with native vegetation, provision for post-mining safety bunding, defining of completion criteria, and post-mining monitoring. The Mine Closure Plan has been prepared consistent with the DMP and EPA (2015) document Guidelines for Preparing Mine Closure Plans and the ANZMEC and MCA (2000) document Strategic Framework for Mine Closure. Implementation of the management actions contained within the Mine Closure Plan is expected to ensure mine closure of the Project is undertaken to an agreed standard suitable for a post-mining land use. SOCIAL FACTORS

Heritage The Project does not coincide with any ‘Registered Site’ of Cliffs proposes to manage the effect of the Project to heritage values through adherence to: Aboriginal heritage under the Aboriginal Heritage Act 1972 o Aboriginal Heritage Act 1972 (WA), including compliance with the granted s18 (WA) (DAA 2015a, 2015b, 2015c, 2015d). Cliffs has Consent (WA Minister for Aboriginal Affairs 2003), as regulated by the previously been granted s18 Consent under the Aboriginal Department of Aboriginal Affairs (DAA); Heritage Act 1972 (WA) by the WA Minister for Aboriginal o Native Title Act 1993 (C’th), as regulated by the National Native Title Tribunal Affairs covering part of the Project area (WA Minister for (NNTT); and Aboriginal Affairs 2003). o Heritage of Western Australia Act 1990 (WA), as regulated by the Heritage The Project does not coincide with any area of registered Council of Western Australia (HCWA). or determined Native Title under the Native Title Act 1993 Implementation of the above management actions is expected to ensure the potential effect (C’th) (NNTT 2016a, 2016b, 2016c). of the Project to heritage values is minimised and controlled to an acceptable level. The Project does not coincide with any recorded site of European heritage under the Heritage of Western Australia Act 1990 (WA) (HCWA 2015).

Land Use and Potential effects to land uses and consultation with The Project is located within Mining Leases M77/607-I, M77/989-I, M77/990-I and M77/1278-I Community interested stakeholders for the Project should be granted to Cliffs under the Mining Act 1978 (WA). The Mining Leases overlie Unallocated considered. Crown Land under the Land Administration Act 1997 (WA) vested with the Department of Lands (DoL). Cliffs has consulted on the Project with identified stakeholders, including Government agencies and community interest groups. Cliffs expects to maintain ongoing consultation with Government during Project implementation through the annual reporting required under

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FACTOR POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS MANAGEMENT and PREDICTED OUTCOME the relevant statutory approvals. Consultation with the community during Project implementation will occur through Cliffs’ Community Consultation Group.

Social Potential social effects (positive and negative) arising from The Project is expected to contribute to the ongoing social and economic benefits of Cliffs’ Environment the Project should be considered. Yilgarn Operations within the Shire of Yilgarn, Shire of Esperance and the wider Australian economy through employment and the purchase of goods and services.

Workforce The workforce for the Project will require induction and Cliffs’ workforce will be inducted and trained on the management actions required to Induction and training on the management actions required to minimise minimise the potential environmental effects associated with the Project. Training potential environmental effects.

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2 Background Information

2.1 Ownership

DMP (2006) Guideline: Ownership o List the relevant mining tenements or tenement applications with tenement ownership details. Include the status and structure of any joint venture arrangements. o If a tenement is not held by the proponent, the mining proposal must contain written authorisation from the tenement holder that the proposed work is acceptable to the holder. Refer to section 118A of the Mining Act for third party mining authorisation. Any conditions attached to the mining authorisation should also be mentioned. o Include the name, address and contact of the tenement holder(s), management companies and contracting companies. Both mine site and main office contacts should be provided.

Cliffs is the proponent for the Project. Cliffs is a supplier of Western Australian iron ore, with iron ore deposits at the Koolyanobbing Range, Mt Jackson Range, Windarling Range and the Deception Deposit (undeveloped) in the Yilgarn region of Western Australia. Approximately 80% of the ore mined from Cliffs’ Yilgarn Operations is exported to China and approximately 20% exported to Japan, Korea and Taiwan.

Cliffs’ Yilgarn Operations are undertaken in accordance with Cliffs’ Environmental Policy (Cliffs Natural Resources 2014, Attachment 5) and Cliffs’ international standard AS/NZS ISO 14001:2004-certified EMS (SGS 2015, Attachment 6).

The Project will be implemented within Mining Leases M77/607-I (DMP 2016a, Attachment 1), M77/989-I (DMP 2016b, Attachment 2), M77/990-I (DMP 2016c, Attachment 3) and M77/1278-I (DMP 2016d, Attachment 4) granted to Cliffs under the Mining Act 1978 (WA).

Cliffs’ contact details for the Project are identified by Table 2-1.

There are no joint venture arrangements, management companies or contracting companies relevant to this Mining Proposal for the Project.

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CLIFFS ASIA PACIFIC IRON ORE PTY LTD (ACN 001 892 995)

Perth Office: Level 11, The Quadrant 1 William Street PERTH WA 6000 GPO Box W2017 PERTH WA 6846 Telephone: (08) 9426 3333 Fax: (08) 9426 3390

Site Office: PMB 8 SOUTHERN CROSS WA 6426 Telephone: (08) 9049 4100 Fax: (08) 9049 4121

Project and Technical Enquiries: Stuart Hawkins Director / Consulting Scientist Globe Environments Australia Pty Ltd Telephone: 0400 455 554 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected]

Corporate Enquiries: Vince Roberts Manager Land Access Cliffs Asia Pacific Iron Ore Pty Ltd Telephone: (08) 9426 3322 Email: [email protected]

Table 2-1 Contact Details.

2.2 Project Objectives

DMP (2006) Guideline: Project Objectives o Give a brief summary of the type of operation including size and scale, both in areas impacted and tonnages mined and processed (plant throughput). The impact on regional economics should also be discussed for larger projects. o Provide an outline of critical project dates for commencement / completion.

Cliffs operates the Yilgarn Operations, which includes the mining of iron ore deposits at the Koolyanobbing Range, Mt Jackson Range, Windarling Range and the Deception Deposit (undeveloped), processing of ore at Koolyanobbing, and road and rail transport between these operations and the Port of Esperance where the processed ore is exported to international customers.

Cliffs proposes to continue development of the Yilgarn Operations through a new mining operation at the Koolyanobbing Range F Deposit (the ‘Project’), located at the Koolyanobbing Range, approximately 50km north-north-east of Southern Cross in the Shire of Yilgarn. The Project is expected to yield an estimated 8.5Mt of iron ore having a gross economic value of approximately A$450million. The Project has been scheduled to commence from Q1 2017 and will have an expected mining-life of approximately 3 years, to 2019.

The Project area covered by this Mining Proposal is identified by Figure E-1. The Project will be implemented within an area of 203ha within Mining Leases M77/607-I (DMP 2016a, Attachment 1), M77/989-I (DMP 2016b, Attachment 2), M77/990-I (DMP 2016c, Attachment 3) and M77/1278-I (DMP 2016d, Attachment 4), comprising the following mine infrastructure components:

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o Mine Pits (33ha); o Waste Rock Landform (73ha); and o Support Infrastructure (97ha).

Mining for the Project will be undertaken by standard open-pit mining methods (drill, blast and excavation) and using standard plant and equipment (excavators, loaders, trucks).

The Project will be integrated into Cliffs’ approved Koolyanobbing Range mine operations, with the existing infrastructure and facilities used to the extent necessary to support the Project.

A description of the economic benefits of Cliffs’ Yilgarn Operations and the Project are outlined within Section 6.3 Social Environment.

2.3 Location and Site Layout Plans

DMP (2006) Guideline: Location and Site Layout Plans o Provide location maps at appropriate scale that clearly show: o Location in Western Australia in relation to nearest major centres, towns, other mines and regional infrastructure. o Tenement boundaries in relation to all aspects of the proposed mining operation, including waste dumps, tailings storage, accommodation, haulage routes and other proposed disturbances. o Other land tenure including reserves and pastoral lease boundaries. o Biogeographical zones and relevant natural features. o Provide detailed site plans that clearly show: o Surface layout of the entire mining project, including all infrastructure. It is essential that tenement boundaries are clearly marked and labeled on plans. o Vegetation communities, landform types and other relevant natural features such as salt lakes. Include any environmental constraints such as rare plant populations, fauna issues and Aboriginal sites. o Surface contours at an appropriate interval showing major topographic features including surface hydrology - rivers, creeks, lakes and drainage lines. o Haulage routes for satellite pits and road/rail transport routes. o An aerial photograph should be provided to underlay the layout plan. o Geological plans required in section 4.3.2. o Other site specific information such as pastoral infrastructure (dams, windmills etc) should be included where relevant.

Figures 2-1 and 2-2 identify the location of the Project at a regional scale, including the nearest town centres, major transport routes and the extent of Cliffs’ approved mine operations.

Figures 2-3 and 2-4 identify the location and general layout of the Project. Figures 2-3 and 2-4 are overlayed on aerial photography with tenement boundaries identified. Cliffs’ approved Koolyanobbing Range mine operations are also identified.

Figure 2-5 provides a cross-section illustration of the Mine Pits. The pre-mining landform is also indicated for comparative purposes.

Figure 2-6 provides a cross-section illustration of the Waste Rock Landform. The pre-mining landform is also indicated for comparative purposes.

Figure 2-7 identifies the Mine Closure Management Units for the Project. Consistent with the approach outlined by the Department of Mines and Petroleum (DMP) and the Environmental

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Protection Authority (EPA) (2015) document Guidelines for Preparing Mine Closure Plans, mine closure for the Project will be managed through the designation of Mine Closure Management Units.

Figure 2-8 identifies the locations for post-mining safety abandonment bunding to prevent potential inadvertent access to the Mine Pits. The zone of potential mine pit instability associated with the Mine Pits has been calculated in accordance with the DMP (1997) document Safety Bund Walls Around Abandoned Open Pit Mines, with the post-mining safety abandonment bunding positioned beyond this zone to prevent inadvertent access via potential low-angle access points (<15 degrees). The elevated Waste Rock Landform, elevated access ramps and the steep natural topography of retained sections of the Koolyanobbing Range will prevent inadvertent access to the Mine Pits from other directions. Additionally, as previously agreed with DMP (Kalgoorlie office), a windrow with signage will also be established adjacent to the crest of each Mine Pit to provide additional warning of the mine pit edge.

Figure 2-9 provides a conceptual cross-section illustration of the Waste Rock Landform design. The cross-section illustration identifies the infrastructure design criteria, including the co-mingling of waste rock materials, the placement of topsoil/subsoil to assist with mine rehabilitation, and back- sloping berms to assist with drainage control.

Figure 2-10 identifies the projected surface water drainage flows within the Project area. Surface water drainage will generally be in a north-easterly direction across the land contours. The Mine Pits will be internally draining as a result of their structure (an excavation). Drainage for the area of the Waste Rock Landform will be controlled through low-angle batters and incorporation of a 50 backslope on the berms and the upper level, such that the Waste Rock Landform will be internally draining (not water-shedding). Drainage for the area of the Support Infrastructure, which is relatively flat at <20 across the Project area, will be managed through a combination of v-drains leading to sumps, in order to allow surface water (following rainfall) to evaporate and/or infiltrate within the Project area.

Figure 2-11 identifies the geology across the southern Koolyanobbing Range and in the vicinity of the Project. The geology of the Project area is dominated by detrital iron overlying goethite- hematite and goethite mineralisation, surrounded by iron formation (non-mineralised). The geology of the Project area is comparable to other parts of the southern Koolyanobbing Range.

Figures 2-12a to 2-12d identify the locations of flora taxa of conservation significance recorded across the southern Koolyanobbing Range. The Project coincides with individuals of the flora taxon Tetratheca erubescens, which has been declared as ‘Rare Flora’ under the Wildlife Conservation Act 1950 (WA) (WA Minister for Environment 2015a). The Project also coincides with individuals of the Department of Parks and Wildlife (DPaW) classified ‘priority’ flora taxa Beyeria rostellata (P1), Acacia dissona var. indoloria (P3), Hibbertia lepidocalyx ssp. tuberculata (P3), Lepidosperma ferricola (P3), Stenanthemum newbeyi (P3) and Banksia arborea (P4) (DPaW 2016a). All flora taxa have recorded distributions across the southern Koolyanobbing Range beyond the Project area, with all the DPaW-classified ‘priority’ flora taxa also having distributions extending across the broader Yilgarn region.

Figures 2-13a and 2-13b identify the locations of vegetation units mapped across the southern Koolyanobbing Range and in the vicinity of the Project. The Project coincides with 9 vegetation units; each which have a broader distribution across the southern Koolyanobbing Range.

Figure 2-14 identifies the mapped extent of the DPaW-classified ‘priority’ ecological community (PEC), which occurs across both the northern and southern Koolyanobbing Ranges. The Project coincides with part of the DPaW-classified ‘priority’ ecological community.

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Figures 2-15a to 2-15d identify the locations of fauna taxa of conservation significance recorded across the southern Koolyanobbing Range. The Project coincides with records of the fauna taxa Leipoa ocellata, Merops ornatus and Cacatua leadbeateri; each which have been declared as ‘Specially Protected Fauna’ under the Wildlife Conservation Act 1950 (WA) (WA Minister for Environment 2015a). The Project also coincides with individuals of the DPaW-classified ‘priority’ fauna taxon Aganippe castellum (P4) (DPaW 2014a), and records of potential short-range invertebrate fauna and subterranean fauna. All fauna taxa have recorded distributions across the southern Koolyanobbing Range extending beyond the Project area and across the broader Yilgarn region.

Figure 2-16 identifies the location of data records held by the Department of Aboriginal Affairs (DAA) for the area of the southern Koolyanobbing Range. The Project does not coincide with any ‘Registered Site’ of Aboriginal heritage under the Aboriginal Heritage Act 1972 (WA) (DAA 2015a, 2015b, 2015c, 2015d).

Land tenure for the Project is identified by Figure 2-3, which identifies the Project occurs on Mining Leases granted to Cliffs under the Mining Act 1978 (WA). The Mining Leases overlie Unallocated Crown Land under the Land Administration Act 1997 (WA) vested with the Department of Lands (DoL), as outlined by Section 3.8 Social Environment. Mapping identifying the Unallocated Crown Land tenure has not been provided due to its broad spatial extent (beyond the mapped area of the Koolyanobbing Range).

Mapping has not been provided of European heritage as the Project does not coincide with, or occur in the vicinity of, any recorded site of European heritage under the Heritage of Western Australia Act 1990 (WA) (HCWA 2015), as outlined by Section 6.1 Heritage.

Mapping has not been provided for biogeographical zones as the Project and its surrounds are located within a single biogeographical zone.

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Figure 2-1 Regional Location. Cliffs’ Yilgarn Operations include the mining of iron ore deposits at the Koolyanobbing Range, Mt Jackson Range, Windarling Range and the Deception Deposit (undeveloped), processing of ore at Koolyanobbing, and road and rail transport between these operations and the Port of Esperance (via Kalgoorlie and Norseman) where the processed ore is exported to international customers. The Project is located at the southern Koolyanobbing Range, approximately 50km north-north-east of the town of Southern Cross.

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Figure 2-2 Regional Location. The Project (yellow icon) will form an operational extension to Cliffs’ approved Koolyanobbing Range mine operations.

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Figure 2-3 Mining Proposal Area. The Project area (203ha, yellow shading) will form an operational extension to Cliffs’ approved Koolyanobbing Range mine operations (orange shading).

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Figure 2-4 General Mine Layout. The Project area (203ha, yellow shading) will comprise Mine Pits, a Waste Rock Landform and various Support Infrastructure components.

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Figure 2-5 Mine Pits Cross Sections. The Project will involve the development of 3 Mine Pits, as identified by the north-east to south-west cross-section illustrations.

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Figure 2-6 Waste Rock Landform Cross Section. The Project will involve the development of a Waste Rock Landform, as indicated by the north-west to south-east cross-section illustration.

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Figure 2-7 Mine Closure Management Units. Consistent with the approach outlined by DMP and EPA (2015), mine closure for the Project will be managed through Mine Closure Management Units.

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Figure 2-8 Post-Mining Safety Abandonment Bunding. Post-mining safety abandonment bunding (blue lines), positioned beyond the zone of potential instability for the Mine Pits (green dashed line), will be installed to prevent potential inadvertent access to the Mine Pits via low-angle access points (<150 angle). The elevated Waste Rock Landform and access ramps (150 batter angle) and the steep topography of the Koolyanobbing Range (≥150 angle) will prevent inadvertent access to the Mine Pits from other directions.

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Figure 2-9 Waste Rock Landform Design. Waste rock will be disposed of through co-mingling to achieve a NAF:PAF/UC ratio of approximately 4:1, with the outer 5m of NAF waste rock to effectively contain and isolate the comingled waste rock from the surrounding environment. The placement of topsoil/subsoil will assist with mine rehabilitation. Surface water drainage will be managed through back-sloping berms.

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Figure 2-10 Surface Water. Surface water flows for the Mine Pits and the Waste Rock Landform will be internally draining. Surface water drainage for the Support Infrastructure will be managed through a combination of v-drains leading to sumps to all the water (following rainfall) to evaporate/infiltrate within the Project area.

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Figure 2-11 Geology. The geology of the Mine Pits comprises detrital iron overlying hematite-goethite and goethite mineralisation surrounded by unmineralised iron formation. Data source: Cliffs (unpublished).

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Figure 2-12a Flora Taxa. The Project coincides with individuals of the flora taxon Tetratheca erubescens (R), which has been declared as ‘Rare Flora’ under the Wildlife Conservation Act 1950 (WA). Data source: Maia (2013), Woodman (unpublished), Cliffs (unpublished).

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Figure 2-12b Flora Taxa. The Project coincides with individuals of the DPaW-classified ‘priority 1’ flora taxon Beyeria rostellata (P1). Data source: Woodman (2014).

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Figure 2-12c Flora Taxa. The Project coincides with individuals of the DPaW-classified ‘priority 3’ flora taxa Acacia dissona var. indoloria (P3), Hibbertia lepidocalyx ssp. tuberculata (P3), Lepidosperma ferricola (P3) and Stenanthemum newbeyi (P3). Data source: Woodman (2014).

41 Yilgarn Operations Cliffs Asia Pacific Iron Ore Pty Ltd Koolyanobbing Range F Deposit Mining Proposal – Mining Leases M77/607-I, M77/989-I, M77/990-I and M77/1278-I January 2017 (Revision E)

Figure 2-12d Flora Taxa. The Project coincides with individuals of the DPaW-classified ‘priority’ flora taxon Banksia arborea (P4). Data source: Woodman (2014).

42 Yilgarn Operations Cliffs Asia Pacific Iron Ore Pty Ltd Koolyanobbing Range F Deposit Mining Proposal – Mining Leases M77/607-I, M77/989-I, M77/990-I and M77/1278-I January 2017 (Revision E)

Figure 2-13a Vegetation Units. The Project coincides with 9 vegetation units, each which have broader distributions across the southern Koolyanobbing Range. Data source: Woodman (2014).

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Figure 2-13b Vegetation Units. A description of each recorded vegetation unit is provided. Data source: Woodman (2014).

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Figure 2-14 Priority Ecological Community. The Project coincides with part of a DPaW-classified ‘priority’ ecological community, which occurs across both the northern and southern Koolyanobbing Ranges. Data source: DPaW (2013).

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Figure 2-15a Fauna Taxa. The Project coincides with records of the fauna taxa Leipoa ocellata (SP), Merops ornatus (SP) and Cacatua leadbeateri (SP), each which have been declared as ‘Specially Protected Fauna’ under the Wildlife Conservation Act 1950 (WA). Data source: BCE (c.2009), Biota (2014a).

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Figure 2-15b Fauna Taxa. The Project coincides with records of the DPaW-classified ‘priority’ fauna taxon Aganippe castellum (P4). Data source: BCE (2009a).

47 Yilgarn Operations Cliffs Asia Pacific Iron Ore Pty Ltd Koolyanobbing Range F Deposit Mining Proposal – Mining Leases M77/607-I, M77/989-I, M77/990-I and M77/1278-I January 2017 (Revision E)

Figure 2-15c Fauna Taxa. The Project coincides with records of potential short-range endemic invertebrate fauna taxa. The potential short-range endemic invertebrate fauna taxa are not of listed conservation significance. Data source: Biota (2012, 2014b).

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Figure 2-15d Fauna Taxa. The Project coincides with records of troglobitic subterranean fauna. The troglobitic subterranean fauna taxa are not of listed conservation significance. Data source: Bennelongia (2008, 2014).

49 Yilgarn Operations Cliffs Asia Pacific Iron Ore Pty Ltd Koolyanobbing Range F Deposit Mining Proposal – Mining Leases M77/607-I, M77/989-I, M77/990-I and M77/1278-I January 2017 (Revision E)

Figure 2-16 Aboriginal Heritage. The Project does not coincide with any ‘Registered Site’ of Aboriginal heritage under the Aboriginal Heritage Act 1972 (WA), or coincide with any ‘other heritage place’ data record held by DAA. Data source: DAA (2015e).

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2.4 History

DMP (2006) Guideline: History o Describe any previous exploration, mining activity or other land disturbing activities in the area, including any that may have environmental contamination. o If there has been substantial disturbance from previous mining, photographs and maps to document the extent of this disturbance should be included to help define the rehabilitation liability of the current tenement holders.

The discovery of iron ore at the southern Koolyanobbing Range is attributed to Henry Dowd who visited the area in 1887. The iron ore deposits were later mapped and sampled by Blatchford in 1916 and Hobson in 1945 for the Geological Survey of Western Australia (as part of the current DMP) (Cliffs 1993).

Mining at the southern Koolyanobbing Range commenced in 1950 at the A Deposit, with the mined ore used to produce pig iron at Wundowie, located approximately 50km north-east of Perth, for the Wundowie Iron and Steel Industry (Cliffs 1993).

In 1960, Broken Hill Pty Ltd (now BHP Billiton Ltd) obtained the mining leases for the southern Koolyanobbing Range, with mining operations recommencing in 1965 at the A Deposit, D Deposit and K Deposit. These larger mining operations led to the establishment of the Koolyanobbing townsite in 1965, which included approximately 80 houses as well as community facilities including a primary school, public swimming pool and a local store (Cliffs 1993). The mined ore was railed to the Kwinana blast furnace, located approximately 35km south of Perth.

In 1982, the Kwinana blast furnace closed, with the Koolyanobbing Range mine operations closing shortly afterwards in 1983. Between 1965 and 1983, a total of approximately 25 million tonnes of ore was mined from the southern Koolyanobbing Range (BHP 1983 in Cliffs 1993; Cliffs 1993).

In 1992, Cliffs (formerly as Portman Resources NL) was granted the mining leases for the southern Koolyanobbing Range following advertising by the State Government for interest in redeveloping the Koolyanobbing Range mine operations (Cliffs 1993). In 1994, mining of the A Deposit, D Deposit and K Deposit recommenced, and with the Koolyanobbing townsite area then re-occupied for use by Cliffs’ mining operations. In 2003, Cliffs further expanded its Koolyanobbing Range mine operations to develop the B Deposit and C Deposit. Since 1994, a total of approximately 50Mt of ore has been mined by Cliffs from the southern Koolyanobbing Range (Cliffs unpublished data), having a gross economic value of more than A$2.5billion.

The Koolyanobbing Range mine operations now form the hub for Cliffs’ broader Yilgarn Operations, with the operations extended to include active mining operations at the Windarling Range and the Mt Jackson Range (both commencing in 2004), and the Deception Deposit (to be developed) (refer to Figure 2-2). The Yilgarn Operations currently produce approximately 11Mtpa of iron ore having a gross economic value of more than A$600million per year, with production currently scheduled to continue until approximately 2020.

The Project area has been subject to mineral exploration activities previously approved by DMP under the Mining Act 1978 (WA). The Project area of 203ha comprises approximately 189ha of native vegetation and 14ha of cleared land. The extent of previous disturbance is visible in the underlying aerial imagery provided in Figure 2-3.

Photographs of the existing disturbance within the Project area to define the current rehabilitation liability are not necessary as it is proposed such areas will be subject to further disturbance from

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development of the Project as outlined by this Mining Proposal. Rehabilitation for the Project is addressed in Section 7.2 Rehabilitation.

Previous disturbance beyond the area of the Project is not addressed within this Mining Proposal, and will be managed in accordance with the Mining Proposals and/or Programmes of Work related to such disturbance.

There are no recorded areas of environmental contamination within the vicinity of the Project as a result of previous mineral exploration, mine operations or other land uses.

2.5 Existing Facilities

DMP (2006) Guideline: Existing Facilities o Briefly describe any existing facilities and infrastructure currently on site and the planned use of nearby facilities, including the use of public roads, water and power. o If the tenements contain un-rehabilitated disturbances from previous mining that are not part of the new proposal, the proponent is encouraged to investigate incorporating the rehabilitation of these older disturbances into the rehabilitation of their mining operations. Historical mining disturbances of significant heritage value should be preserved in consultation with the Heritage Council.

Cliffs’ approved Koolyanobbing Range mine operations include infrastructure and facilities such as mine pits, waste rock landforms, ore stockpiles, rehabilitation stockpiles (vegetation and topsoil/subsoil), administration and workshop facilities, water and wastewater treatment facilities, water dams, power generation facilities, chemical and hydrocarbon and explosives facilities, waste management facilities, an airstrip and a mine camp. These infrastructure and facilities will be used to the extent necessary under their existing approvals to support the development of the Project. These infrastructure and facilities have previously been assessed and approved by DMP under the Mining Act 1978 (WA), and do not require re-assessment or re-approval under this Mining Proposal for their continued use.

The Project does not propose the use of public roads, public water supply or public power supply. The Project does not include rehabilitation of previous disturbances. The Project does not coincide with any recorded historical mining disturbances of significant heritage value.

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3 Existing Environment

The natural and human environments of the Yilgarn region have been described extensively in various environmental and planning documents, including Cliffs (2002) and DPaW (2008). Section 3 Existing Environment provides a summary of the existing natural and human environments of the Yilgarn region and the area of the Project.

3.1 Regional Setting

DMP (2006) Guideline: Regional Setting o Provide a general description of geology/geomorphology and local landforms, including a description of land units.

The Koolyanobbing Range is an ironstone formation ridge that extends approximately 30km in length and to 510 metres Australian Height Datum (mAHD) in height, comprising both the northern and southern Koolyanobbing Ranges (refer to Figure 2-2). Sections of the Koolyanobbing Range vary in elevation between approximately 440mAHD to 510mAHD. Surrounding the Koolyanobbing Range are extensive plains varying in elevation between approximately 340mAHD to 400mAHD, with the salt lakes Lake Deborah and Lake Seabrook occurring at the lowest points.

The Project area occurs within land areas having elevations between approximately 370mAHD and 510mAHD comprising elevated ridges, slopes and undulating plains.

The majority of the Yilgarn region is gently undulating, with low ironstone ridges rising above the surrounding plains. The ironstone ridges of the Yilgarn region include the Koolyanobbing Range, Windarling Range, Mt Jackson Range, Helena and Aurora Range, Die Hardy Range, Mt Elvire, Bungalbin Hill and the Mt Manning Range.

The ironstone ridges within the Yilgarn region form part of the Yilgarn Craton, which covers an area of approximately 62,000,000ha, representing approximately 24% of the area of Western Australia (Gibson et al. 2007). The Koolyanobbing Range area also forms part of the Marda- Diemals greenstone belt, being the largest greenstone belt in the Southern Cross Terrane in the central Yilgarn Craton (Chen et al. 2003).

The Project area geology comprises detrital iron overlying hematite-goethite and goethite mineralisation, surrounded by unmineralised iron formation, as identified by Figure 2-11.

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3.2 Geology

DMP (2006) Guideline: Geology o Provide a brief description of geology specific to the area of interest, including a basic description of the mineralisation. A resource statement must be provided with the following information: o Mineral(s) to be mined. o Tonnage(s) and grade(s) of resource(s) to be mined. o Cut-off grades if applicable. o Resource status (reserve/ resource) and category (proven, probable/measured, indicated, inferred — all as separate figures). o Whether the resource estimates have been prepared in accordance with the JORC code (see list of terms in Attachment 1). o Plan showing the outline of the deposit(s) (projected to the surface) and the boundary of the tenement or tenement application. o Reference to the annual mineral exploration report(s) containing details of the resource estimate(s). o It is understood that all of the above information may not be available for some minerals, such as construction materials and industrial minerals.

The Project area geology comprises detrital iron overlying hematite-goethite and goethite mineralisation, surrounded by unmineralised iron formation, as identified by Figure 2-11.

The Mine Pits for the Project are expected to yield an estimated 8.5Mt of iron ore grading ≥54% Fe, with a 58% Fe average grade (Cliffs unpublished). The Mine Pits mineral resource has been estimated based on the results of exploration drilling assessed in accordance with the document Australasian Code for Reporting Exploration Results, Mineral Resources and Ore Reserves (JORC 2004). The mineral resource estimate for the Mine Pits is identified by Table 3-1.

Figure 2-4 identifies the location of the Mine Pits. Figure 2-5 provides an indicative cross-section illustration of the Mine Pits.

DEPOSIT CATEGORY TONNES(Mt) Fe (%)

Koolyanobbing Range Measured 0.0 - F Deposit Indicated 8.5 58.3

Inferred 0.0 -

Table 3-1 Mineral Resource Estimate. Data is correct to 1 decimal place. Data source: Cliffs unpublished.

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3.3 Characterisation of Waste Rock and Tailings

DMP (2006) Guideline: Characterisation of Waste Rock and Tailings o It is essential that the potential of acid mine drainage (AMD), otherwise known as acid rock drainage (ARD), be determined and, if significant, management strategies put in place to deal with potentially acid forming (PAF) material in waste rock dumps and tailings storages. o To deal with AMD issues, the mining proposal should include: o A summary of the characterisation of the mining wastes and tailings including chemical and physical characteristics such as sodicity, salinity and dispersive potential. o An assessment of the potential for sulphide oxidation leading to acid generation including specific AMD chemical analyses (pH, Total Sulphur, Net Acid Producing Potential (NAPP), Net Acid Generation (NAG), Acid Neutralising Capacity (ANC)), multi-element composition and mineralogy of mine waste and tailings samples. o The full waste characterisation report must be included as an appendix in the mining proposal with details on the methodologies used for the above determinations. o A map showing the intended final locations of PAF material. o If significant PAF material is present, then a PAF material management plan (including remediation techniques and monitoring program) should provided as part of Mining Operations.

WASTE ROCK

An estimated 14Mt of waste rock to be excavated from the Mine Pits will be disposed of to the Waste Rock Landform. Geochemical characterisation has identified the majority of the waste rock (79%) has been classified as non-acid forming (NAF, S = ≤0.1%). A limited mass (6%) of the waste rock was identified as potentially acid-forming (PAF, S= ≥0.1%), with a limited mass (15%) classified as uncertain (UC, which may or may not be acid-forming). The waste rock was assessed as presenting a low-risk of metalliferous drainage and having low salinity. A copy of the geochemical characterisation report (SRK 2015) is provided on the compact disc appended to this Mining Proposal (refer to Section 9 References).

Consistent with the processes applied for Cliffs’ approved Yilgarn Operations, NAF waste rock materials will be disposed of through co-mingling with the PAF/UC waste rock materials. The waste rock composition indicates an average NAF:PAF/UC ratio of approximately 4:1 can be achieved; thereby meeting the co-mingling disposal ratios recommended by SRK (2015). The outer 5m of the Waste Rock Landform will be constructed of NAF waste rock in order to effectively contain and isolate the co-mingled waste rock from the surrounding environment. Accordingly, it is expected the potential risk for the Project of acid and/or metaliferous drainage can be appropriately managed.

For context, previous investigations of the geochemistry of the iron ore deposits of the southern Koolyanobbing Range (SWC 2009, 2010, 2011a, 2011b, 2011c, 2014) have similarly identified the presence of a limited volume of PAF waste rock. The outcomes of these investigations, comprising both static and kinetic testing methods, identified the waste rock could be adequately managed through a co-mingling approach (i.e. without the need for specialised treatment or containment cells). To date, the approved Koolyanobbing Range mine operations have not indicated any visual signs of acid or metalliferous drainage from the waste rock landforms to the surrounding environment; indicating the management actions applied have been successful in isolating and containing any risk of acid and metalliferous drainage.

To note, the sulphur level (S = ≥0.1%) used by SRK (2015) to define PAF waste rock materials for the Project is significantly more conservative than the sulphur level (S = ≥0.3%) previously applied by SWC (2009, 2010, 2011a, 2011b, 2011c) for the approved Koolyanobbing Range operations. A sulphur level of S = ≥0.3% has previously been recommended by Green and Borden (2011) for iron

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formation geologies. As a result of the conservatism applied by SRK (2015), the proportion of materials classified as PAF/UC for the Project may present an overestimation.

TAILINGS

The Project does not involve the production or storage of tailings. Accordingly, characterisation of tailings in relation to the Project is not necessary.

3.4 Soils and Soil Profiles

DMP (2006) Guideline: Soils and Soil Profiles o Topsoil and subsoil layers should be analysed to identify possible adverse parameters such as low or high pH, high salinity, nutrient / trace element deficiencies, poorly structured soils, dispersive or sodic soils and any potentially hazardous compounds. It is recommended that field trials are conducted to test soils for germination and plant growth characteristics as part of the development of suitable soil management plans. o The results will assist in determining the depth of soil profile for harvesting and whether subsoil should be removed as well. o Where the site has been subject to previous activity (particularly industrial activity or mineral processing) there may be a need to contact the DEC about any requirement for investigation of possible contamination. o A summary of the results of topsoil and subsoil physical and chemical characterisation tests by a registered laboratory should be included. Minimum tests include pH, salinity, particle size distribution, dispersion (slake), total P, total N, P04 and N03. Others worth considering include C:N ratio, Cu, Zn, Pb, Fe and any other nutrients or metals which may be important in ensuring successful rehabilitation. o The full soil report and analyses should be included as an appendix in the mining proposal with details on the methodologies used.

Field investigations of soils (MWH 2015) identified 3 soil units within the Project area comprising ‘top of ridgeline’ of sandy clay loams, ‘mid-lower slope’ of clay loam to sandy clay, and ‘lower slope, undulating’ of sandy loam and sandy clay loam. Generally, the soils were classified as having a high coarse rock fragment content, moderately rapid hydraulic conductivity, non-saline, pH neutral and non-sodic; indicating a low inherent erodibility and suitable for use in mine rehabilitation works. A copy of the soil characterisation report (MWH 2015) is provided on the compact disc appended to this Mining Proposal (refer to Section 9 References).

Consistent with Cliffs’ current mining practices, recoverable topsoil/subsoil materials will be removed and temporarily stockpiled for subsequent use in progressive and post-mining rehabilitation works.

Where possible, the topsoil/subsoils generated from the Project may be used directly in rehabilitation of existing cleared areas at the Koolyanobbing Range to minimise the need for the clearing of land areas for the stockpiling. The direct use of topsoil/subsoils may also assist to minimise any loss of seed viability and soil structure which may occur during long-term stockpiling.

The use and management of topsoil/subsoils in mine closure for the Project is provided in Section 7.2 Rehabilitation.

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3.5 Hydrology

DMP (2006) Guideline: Hydrology o Provide: o A brief description of surface and subsurface water flows with assessment for flood potential if applicable. Flood assessment should be conducted in accordance with DoW methodologies. o Provide details of any water management areas such as water reserves, declared or proposed water supply catchment areas or groundwater protection areas, in or near the project area. o Provide information about nearby water bodies, wetlands or groundwater dependent ecosystems that may be directly or indirectly affected by changes in hydrology. o Provide a certified copy of groundwater quality analysis from a registered laboratory detailing salinity levels (mg/L), TDS, TSS and pH.

GROUNDWATER

Groundwater in the Yilgarn area is predominantly hypersaline, with the main beneficial use of this groundwater being for mineral exploration and mine operations (DPaW 2008).

The Koolyanobbing Range coincides with part of the Goldfields Groundwater Management Area managed by the Department of Water (DoW) under the Rights in Water and Irrigation Act 1914 (WA). Cliffs has been granted Licence GWL154459 (DoW 2014) under s5C of the Rights in Water and Irrigation Act 1914 (WA) for groundwater supplies for Cliffs’ Yilgarn Operations, which includes the area of the Project1. Licence GWL154459 provides Cliffs with a groundwater allocation of approximately 6GL/y. Cliffs has also been granted Licence CAW181766 (DoW 2015) under s26D of the Rights in Water and Irrigation Act 1914 (WA) to allow for construction of groundwater wells for Cliffs’ Yilgarn Operations, which includes the area of the Project.

Groundwater at the Koolyanobbing Range has been recorded at approximately 340mAHD (Rockwater 2011, 2013). Groundwater salinity at the Koolyanobbing Range is hyper-saline at up to approximately 300,000mg/L (Rockwater 2013).

As the Mine Pits for the Project will be excavated to an elevation of approximately 360mAHD (i.e. above the recorded groundwater level), a requirement for groundwater dewatering is not expected.

The Project will require groundwater for use in dust suppression and other mining purposes. As the groundwater abstraction volume is not expected to be significant, the Project is not expected to result in a detrimental effect to the groundwater resource.

SURFACE WATER

The Koolyanobbing Range coincides with part of the Internal Drainage Division of Western Australia, with salt lakes characteristic of the Yilgarn region.

In the vicinity of the Project, the nearest salt lakes are Lake Seabrook (located approximately 1.5km south-east of the Project) and Lake Deborah (located approximately 4km north-west of the Project) (refer to Figure 2-3).

1 The approved area under Licence GWL154459 (DoW 2014) includes Mining Leases M77/607-I, M77/989-I and M77/990-I, with the approved area of Mining Lease M77/1278-I listed as part of Exploration Licence E77/1004.

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A number of water storage dams have been constructed to support the Koolyanobbing Range mine operations. These existing water storage dams may be used to the extent necessary to support the Project.

The Project incorporates a surface water dam for the temporary storage of abstracted groundwater, as identified by Figure 2-4. Pipelines transporting abstracted groundwater will positioned within v-drains and/or bunding (as required) for the management and control of any inadvertent water flow/discharge. Surface water drainage will be managed using a combination of v-drains, sumps and earthen bunding (as required) to control surface water (following rainfall), thereby allowing the water to infiltrate and/or evaporate.

The climate in the area of the Koolyanobbing Range is characterised by mild, wet winters, with approximately 300mm of rainfall occurring over approximately 45 days of rain annually (BoM 2015a). In consideration of this low annual average rainfall, an assessment of the flood potential is not necessary.

From >10 years of experience of Cliffs’ approved Koolyanobbing Range mine operations, there has been no recorded sheet-flow from the adjacent ironstone ridges. Similarly, sheet-flow from the ironstone ridges adjacent to the Project is unlikely.

3.6 Climate

DMP (2006) Guideline: Climate o The mining proposal should contain meteorological information necessary to adequately assess and manage all climatic impacts that could have significant impact on the project. Minimum drainage design should be based on at least the one in 100 year, 72 hour duration rainfall event. In many situations it may be appropriate to undertake independent risk assessment to check whether the official one in 100 year event provides sufficient protection for drainage designs.

The climate for the Project area is characterised by hot, dry summers and mild, wet winters. Maximum temperature peaks (>300C) occur between December and March. Rainfall occurs throughout the year with approximately 300mm annually, occurring within approximately 45 rainfall days (BoM 2015a).

The engineering design of the Waste Rock Landform for the Project conceptually meets a 1:100 year Annual Recurrence Interval (ARI) for rainfall, noting the placement of suitable face-rock material and revegetation during mine operations and mine closure (as outlined within Section 7.2 Rehabilitation) will be necessary to achieve this result. Accordingly, the aspects of surface water drainage relating to its shape, water shedding and infiltration are expected to be acceptable. In consideration of the low annual average rainfall for the Project area, it is not necessary to undertake a separate risk assessment in addition to the engineering design for the Waste Rock Landform.

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3.7 Flora and Fauna

DMP (2006) Guideline: Flora and Fauna o Provide a description of vegetation types and biological communities in the mining proposal locality using previously published flora / fauna surveys or studies (these surveys or studies should be appended to the mining proposal). o In many cases a flora and fauna survey will be required for inclusion in the mining proposal. Flora and fauna surveys must be conducted by suitably qualified and experienced personnel. Vegetation descriptions should be according to accepted / published structural classes such as Muir for the Wheatbelt, Keighery for the South West or Specht for forests. A detailed report on the survey is required containing, but not limited to, the following information: o Consultant’s qualifications, experience and affiliations. o Methodologies used and acceptability of the methodology to DEC. o Seasonal timing of survey and justification for particular timing (e.g. spring surveys are preferable, or after significant rainfall for desert areas). o Results of surveys with species lists of the all species, including rare and endangered species (consultants should lodge specimens with the WA Herbarium). o Relevance of local and regional significance of survey findings. o Any relevant correspondence/communication with DEC, including results of database searches. o An impact table indicating threatened, rare, priority or geographically restricted species, their habitats and known distribution at a local and regional scale. Where such species are identified, geographic co-ordinates of new populations should be provided. The impact table should show areas and/or numbers of individuals of these significant species that will be directly impacted or indirectly affected by the proposal as well as populations and / or individuals outside the zone of mining influence. o A summary of the survey results should be included with the full report appended to the mining proposal. o In general, flora and fauna surveys should be undertaken in accordance with the EPA’s Guidance Statements on terrestrial biological surveys (EPA Guidance Statement Nos 51 and 56). There are also likely to be specific requirements for surveys affecting lands managed by DEC or containing populations of threatened flora or fauna. DEC should be consulted to further discuss these issues o If the project involves clearing of native vegetation, a flora survey may be required as well as a vegetation clearing permit. The information gathered for the clearing permit application can also be used or referenced for this section.

FLORA

The Koolyanobbing Range area is located within the Coolgardie Botanical District of the South- western Interzone (Beard 1990 in Cliffs 2002).

Flora surveys of the southern Koolyanobbing Range (Woodman 2014; Maia 2013) have been undertaken to identify the flora values present. The flora surveys have identified approximately 250 flora taxa occurring within 16 vegetation units.

The flora taxa of the southern Koolyanobbing Range includes 1 flora taxon declared as ‘Rare Flora’ under the Wildlife Conservation Act 1950 (WA) (WA Minister for Environment 2015a) and 101 DPaW-classified ‘priority’ flora taxa (DPaW 2016a). The flora surveys also noted a record of a DPaW-classified ‘priority’ ecological community (PEC) occurring across the spatial extent of both the northern and southern Koolyanobbing Ranges (Woodman 2014; DPaW 2013).

The recorded locations of ‘Rare Flora’ and DPaW-classified ‘priority’ flora taxa across the southern Koolyanobbing Range are identified by Figures 2-12a to 2-12d. The recorded locations of vegetation units are identified by Figures 2-13a and 2-13b. The mapped area of the DPaW- classified ‘priority’ ecological community is identified by Figure 2-14.

1 Spartothamnella sp. Helena and Aurora Range (formerly P3) identified by Woodman (2014) was subsequently assessed by the Western Australian Herbarium (DPaW 2014b) as Spartothamnella canescens; which is not of listed conservation significance.

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Of the recorded flora values of the southern Koolyanobbing Range, the Project coincides with records of: (a) ‘Rare Flora’ taxon Tetratheca erubescens; (b) DPaW-classified ‘priority’ flora taxa Beyeria rostellata (P1), Acacia dissona var. indoloria (P3), Hibbertia lepidocalyx ssp. tuberculata (P3), Lepidosperma ferricola (P3), Stenanthemum newbeyi (P3) and Banksia arborea (P4); (c) other native flora taxa; (d) introduced flora taxa; (e) 9 vegetation units; and (f) DPaW-classified PEC.

Section 5.3 Flora outlines the recorded flora values of the southern Koolyanobbing Range, an assessment of the potential environmental effects of the Project, and Cliffs’ proposed management of such effects.

The flora surveys (Woodman 2014; Maia 2013) have been undertaken in accordance with the methodologies outlined within relevant EPA guidance statements. A copy of the flora surveys are provided on the compact disc appended to this Mining Proposal (refer to Section 9 References).

As outlined by Section 4.9 Compliance with Legislation and Other Approvals, the Project will be subject to concurrent assessment and approval processes under the Environmental Protection Act 1986 (WA) for the environmental effects to flora values, and concurrent assessment and approval processes under the Wildlife Conservation Act 1950 (WA) for the environmental effect to ‘Rare Flora’. A clearing permit will not be required for the Project (refer to Item 29 in Table E-1).

FAUNA

The Yilgarn Region contains a variety of vertebrate and invertebrate fauna taxa, supported by fauna habitats on both plains and ridges.

Fauna surveys of the southern Koolyanobbing Range (BCE 2009a, c.2009; Bennelongia 2008, 2014; Biota 2012, 2014a, 2014b) have identified a variety of fauna taxa comprising vertebrate fauna, terrestrial invertebrate fauna, and troglobitic subterranean fauna.

The fauna taxa of the southern Koolyanobbing Range includes 4 ‘Specially Protected Fauna’ taxa under the Wildlife Conservation Act 1950 (WA) (WA Minister for Environment 2015b) (of which 2 fauna taxa are also classified as either a ‘Threatened Species’ or ‘Migratory Species’ under Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (C’th) as per DEE (2016a, 2016b)) and 11 DPaW-classified ‘priority’ fauna taxon (DPaW 2014a).

The recorded locations of the fauna values at the southern Koolyanobbing Range are identified by Figures 2-15a to 2-15d.

Of the recorded fauna values of the southern Koolyanobbing Range, the Project coincides with records of: (a) Specially Protected Fauna taxa Leipoa ocellata, Merops ornatus and Cacatua leadbeateri;

1 Whilst potential records of records Oreoica gutturalis gutturalis (Priority 4) and Pomatostomus superciliosus ashbyi (Priority 4) were identified by Biota (2014a) and BCE (c.2009), as outlined Biota (2014a), based on the recorded species’ ranges, these records are more likely to be of the subspecies Oreoica gutturalis pallescens and Pomatostomus superciliosus superciliosus; neither which are of listed conservation significance.

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(b) DPaW-classified ‘priority’ fauna taxa Aganippe castellum (Priority 4); (c) Potential short-range endemic invertebrate fauna; (d) Troglobitic subterranean fauna; (e) Other native fauna taxa; and (f) Introduced fauna taxa.

Section 5.4 Fauna outlines the recorded fauna values of the southern Koolyanobbing Range, an assessment of the potential environmental effects of the Project, and Cliffs’ proposed management of such effects.

The fauna surveys (BCE 2009a, c.2009; Bennelongia 2008, 2014; Biota 2012, 2014a, 2014b) have been undertaken in accordance with the methodologies outlined in relevant EPA guidance statements. A copy of the fauna surveys are provided on the compact disc appended to this Mining Proposal (refer to Section 9 References).

3.8 Social Environment

DMP (2006) Guideline: Social Environment o Describe relevant historical and current elements of the social environment of the area, including: o Items or sites of State, National or Aboriginal heritage — provide evidence of a registered site search on the Department of Indigenous Affair’s (DIA) website: http://www.dia.wa.gov.au/Heritaqe/heritaqe Sites Reqister.aspx o Existing land ownership and land use such as tourism, recreation, farming, pastoral leases, reserve land, town sites and local Aboriginal communities.

LOCAL GOVERNMENT

The Koolyanobbing Range is located within the Shire of Yilgarn. The Shire of Yilgarn encompasses an area of approximately 3 million hectares and is centred on the town of Southern Cross, situated approximately 340km east-north-east of Perth and 50km south-south-west of the Koolyanobbing Range. The Shire of Yilgarn has a population of approximately 1,600 people (ABS 2013a). Mining and agriculture are the key areas of local employment within the Shire of Yilgarn, accounting for approximately 20% and 18% of employment, respectively (ABS 2013a).

LAND TENURE

The Project is located within Mining Leases M77/607-I, M77/989-I, M77/990-I and M77/1278-I granted to Cliffs under the Mining Act 1978 (WA). These Mining Leases form part of the broader suite of tenements held by Cliffs across the southern Koolyanobbing Range. Mining and mineral exploration has occurred at the southern Koolyanobbing Range since 1950 (refer to Section 2.4 History).

The Mining Leases overlie Unallocated Crown Land under the Land Administration Act 1997 (WA), vested with DoL. In July 2015, the land tenure reverted to Unallocated Crown Land following the expiry of the Brontie Pastoral Lease formerly held by the Della Bosca family of Southern Cross. The Brontie Pastoral Lease covered a spatial area of approximately 80,000ha, on which low intensity grazing occurred since its establishment in 1967. The area of the southern Koolyanobbing Range

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within the former Brontie Pastoral Lease was not recently in active use for pastoral activities (pers. com. W Della Bosca to S Hawkins, September 2014).

The Project is not located within a conservation area declared under the Land Administration Act 1997 (WA).

ABORIGINAL HERITAGE

The Aboriginal Heritage Act 1972 (WA) is the principal legislation regarding the identification and protection of Aboriginal heritage sites and objects in Western Australia, and is regulated by DAA. The DAA maintains a register of Aboriginal heritage sites in accordance with the Aboriginal Heritage Act 1972 (WA).

The Shire of Yilgarn contains 34 ‘Registered Sites’ of Aboriginal heritage under the Aboriginal Heritage Act 1972 (WA) (DAA 2015f). The DAA also maintains records for 90 ‘other heritage places’ within the Shire of Yilgarn, which have been reported to DAA but have not been assessed as ‘Registered Site’ of Aboriginal heritage under the Aboriginal Heritage Act 1972 (WA) (DAA 2015g).

The Project does not coincide with any ‘Registered Site’ of Aboriginal heritage under the Aboriginal Heritage Act 1972 (WA), or coincide with any record of an ‘other heritage place’ (DAA 2015a, 2015b, 2015c, 2015d).

Aboriginal heritage surveys have been undertaken across the Project with representatives for the Aboriginal Traditional Owners. A fallen scarred tree was identified adjacent to the mine road connecting the Project to the approved Koolyanobbing Range mine operations, with this tree delineated and marked-off with the Aboriginal Traditional Owners to ensure its protection. Investigations of the subsurface materials within rockshelters along the ridge line identified these not to be of Aboriginal heritage significance. Following the completion of the Aboriginal heritage surveys, the Aboriginal Traditional Owners provided Cliffs with their approval for development of the Project.

Cliffs has been granted s18 Consent under the Aboriginal Heritage Act 1972 (WA) to undertake mining for the Yilgarn Operations (WA Minister for Aboriginal Affairs 2003), with this s18 Consent including Mining Leases M77/989-I and M77/990-I on which part of the Project is situated.

EUROPEAN HERITAGE

The Heritage Council of Western Australia (HCWA) maintains a State Register of Heritage Places under the Heritage of Western Australia Act 1990 (WA). The HCWA holds 114 data records for the Shire of Yilgarn, a number of which are records on the State Register of Heritage Places (HCWA 2015).

The Project does not coincide with any record of European heritage on the State Register of Heritage Places under the Heritage of Western Australia Act 1990 (WA).

NATIVE TITLE

Native Title applications and determinations are maintained by the National Native Title Tribunal (NNTT) and the Federal Court of Australia in accordance with the Native Title Act 1993 (C’th).

The Project does not coincide with any area of registered or determined application for Native Title under the Native Title Act 1993 (C’th) (NNTT 2016a, 2016b, 2016c).

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4 Project Description

4.1 Area of Disturbance Table

DMP (2006) Guideline: Area of Disturbance Table o The performance bonds required for lodgement with DMP prior to approval will be calculated on the basis of the project’s area of disturbance. Bonds are lodged against each tenement where the proposed mining operations involve ground disturbance. o Complete the table below for each affected tenement. o It is essential that each of the disturbance types listed in the table are clearly displayed on the site layout plans mentioned in section 4.2.3. o Suggested headings are provided for typical mine site disturbances although it is recommended that headings are customised to suit the mining disturbance types specific and appropriate to the site. o It is essential that all areas within the tenement are accounted for, such that the total areas of ground affected by mining or the mining proposal and undisturbed areas add up to the total area of the particular mining tenement. o For long term projects where mining will be in stages, bonds may be calculated on the disturbance predicted across the first five years of development. o If the mining proposal is for an additional development to an existing mine then add another column for “New Area” and change the existing area column to “Previous Area”.

The Project will be implemented within Mining Leases M77/607-I (DMP 2015a, Attachment 1), M77/989-I (DMP 2015b, Attachment 2), M77/990-I (DMP 2015c, Attachment 3) and M77/1278-I (DMP 2016d, Attachment 4) granted to Cliffs under the Mining Act 1978 (WA).

The area for each of the mine infrastructure components for the Project within each Mining Lease is identified by Table 4-1. Table 4-1 has been customised to suit known mine disturbance types as recommended by DMP (2006), with the mine infrastructure component type and area corresponding to Figure 2-3.

In consideration of the Mining Rehabilitation Fund Act 2012 (WA), it is expected that unconditional performance bonds will not be applied to the Project.

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TENEMENT M77/607-I M77/989-I M77/990-I M77/1278-I Holder Cliffs Cliffs Cliffs Cliffs Area 976ha 983ha 664ha 760ha Status Granted Granted Granted Granted Expiry Date 21.09.2035 05.06.2024 05.06.2024 04.10.2036

APPROVED AREA (1, 2) AREA (ha) AREA (ha) AREA (ha) AREA (ha) TOTAL (ha) Mine Pits 122.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 122.5 Waste Rock Landforms 162.0 0.0 9.4 0.0 171.4 Support Infrastructure 48.5 0.0 75.9 0.0 124.4 TOTAL (ha) 333.0 0.0 85.3 0.0 418.3

PROJECT AREA AREA (ha) AREA (ha) AREA (ha) AREA (ha) TOTAL (ha) Mine Pits 0.0 (3)33.0 0.0 0.0 33.0 Waste Rock Landform 0.0 10.8 0.0 62.2 73.0 Support Infrastructure (4)27.6 23.1 9.3 37.0 97.0 TOTAL (ha) 27.6 66.9 9.3 99.2 203.0

TOTAL AREA AREA (ha) AREA (ha) AREA (ha) AREA (ha) TOTAL (ha) Mine Pits 122.5 33.0 0.0 0.0 155.5 Waste Rock Landform 162.0 10.8 9.4 62.2 244.4 Support Infrastructure 72.6 23.1 85.2 37.0 217.9 TOTAL (ha) 357.1 66.9 94.6 99.2 617.8

Table 4-1. Tenements and Areas. The area for the Project and its components is identified (203ha). The currently approved area for the Koolyanobbing Range mine operations (excluding mineral exploration) under the Mining Act 1978 (WA) for the relevant Mining Leases is also identified (418.3ha). All data has been rounded to 1 decimal place. Errors may appear due to rounding. Notes: (1, 2) Data source: Cliffs (2016d, 2016e); (3) The 33.0ha area for the Mine Pits comprises approximately 24ha for the F2 and F3 Mine Pits (Stage 1) and 9ha for the F1 Mine Pit (Stage 2) staged approach under the Environmental Protection Act 1986 (WA) as described by Section 4.2 Mining Operations; (4) The 27.6ha area for the Support Infrastructure within Mining Lease M77/607-I incorporates 3.5ha of overlap with the currently approved areas, such that the new area required for the Project is 24.1ha, with this overlap removed from the total area calculations.

4.2 Mining Operations

DMP (2006) Guideline: Mining Operations o Describe both long term conceptual plans as well as detailed plans for the first few years of operation. The description should include, but not be limited to: o Overview of proposed mining operations. o Duration of mining and relevant timelines. o Method of operation, mining techniques and plant and equipment. o Tonnages of material mined, ore produced and waste rock generated. Mention pit design and the proximity of pits to waste dumps. o Management of waste rock - backfilling or waste dump design and location. If applicable, mention PAF material management strategies such as encapsulation and store and release structures. Cross section designs of dumps and batter design should be included. o De-watering requirements.

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As outlined by Section 2.2 Project Objectives, Cliffs proposes to continue development of the Yilgarn Operations through development of the Project. The Project is expected to yield an estimated 8.5Mt of iron ore having a gross economic value of approximately A$450million. The Project has been scheduled to commence from Q1 2017 and will have an expected mining-life of approximately 3 years, to 2019.

The Project will be integrated into Cliffs’ approved Yilgarn Operations. As outlined by Section 2.5 Existing Facilities, Cliffs’ existing infrastructure and facilities will be used to the extent necessary to support the Project.

The Project area covered by this Mining Proposal is identified by Figure 2-3. The Project will be implemented within an area of 203ha within Mining Leases M77/607-I (DMP 2016a, Attachment 1), M77/989-I (DMP 2016b, Attachment 2), M77/990-I (DMP 2016c, Attachment 3) and M77/1278-I (DMP 2016d, Attachment 4), comprising the following mine infrastructure components: o Mine Pits (33ha); o Waste Rock Landform (73ha); and o Support Infrastructure (97ha).

A description of each Project component is provided below.

MINE PITS

As outlined by Section 3.2 Geology, the Mine Pits are expected to yield an estimated 8.5Mt of iron ore grading ≥54% Fe, with a 58% Fe average grade. The mineral resource for the Mine Pits is based on the results of exploration drilling (approved by DMP) assessed in accordance with the document Australasian Code for Reporting Exploration Results, Mineral Resources and Ore Reserves (JORC 2004). The mineral resource estimate for the Mine Pits is provided in Table 3-1.

The Mine Pits will require an area of 33ha to enable the development of 3 Mine Pits (refer to Figure 2-3). Approximately 9ha (26%) of the 33ha area for the Mine Pits has previously been cleared through approved mineral exploration.

Consistent with the current mining practices used at Cliffs’ Yilgarn Operations, development of the Mine Pits will be undertaken by standard open-cut mining methods (drill, blast and excavation) and using standard plant and equipment (excavators, loaders, trucks).

Development of the Mine Pits will be undertaken to an elevation of approximately 360mAHD, being up to approximately 140m depth below the surrounding ground surface.

As mining will be undertaken to an elevation of approximately 360mAHD (i.e. above the groundwater level of 340mAHD (Rockwater 2011, 2013)), a requirement for groundwater dewatering of the Mine Pits is not expected.

Development of the Mine Pits will be undertaken in a staged approach, with the southern and central Mine Pits (F2 and F3 Mine Pits) developed as an initial ‘Stage 1’, with the northern Mine Pit (F1 Mine Pit) developed later as ‘Stage 2’ (refer to Figure 2-4). The timing for development of ‘Stage 2’ will be subject to the approval conditions under the Environmental Protection Act 1986 (WA) (refer to Section 4.9 Compliance with Legislation and Other Approvals).

Development of the southern Mine Pit (F3 Mine Pit) will be undertaken in a staged-development approach as a result of its proximity to the ‘Rare Flora’ taxon

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Tetratheca erubescens. The staged development approach will comprise an initial full 18m height batter of 150m length to allow for the geotechnical stability to be confirmed, prior to the final wall development, being subject to the approval conditions under the Environmental Protection Act 1986 (WA) (refer to Section 4.9 Compliance with Legislation and Other Approvals). The geotechnical stability during mining will be confirmed through a combination of additional geotechnical drilling, prism monitoring, discontinuity data collection and blast vibration monitoring.

An estimated 14Mt of waste rock will be excavated from the Mine Pits. The waste rock will be disposed to the Waste Rock Landform (refer below).

At mine closure, post-mining safety abandonment bunding will be installed to prevent potential inadvertent access to the Mine Pits, in accordance with the requirements outlined by the DMP (1997) document Safety Bund Walls Around Abandoned Open Pit Mines. The zone of potential mine pit instability and the conceptual location for the post- mining safety abandonment bunding are identified by Figure 2-8. The post-mining safety abandonment bunding will be constructed to 2m height with a 5m base width. The post- mining safety abandonment bunding will prevent inadvertent access to the Mine Pits via potential low-angle access points positioned along the northern side of the Koolyanobbing Range. The elevated Waste Rock Landform and the steep natural topography of retained sections of the Koolyanobbing Range will prevent inadvertent access to the Mine Pits from other directions. Additionally, as previously agreed in discussions with DMP (Kalgoorlie office), a windrow to 1.5m height with concrete signage posts at 50m intervals will also be established at 2m from the crest of each Mine Pit to provide additional warning of the mine pit edge, as also identified by Figure 2-8.

At mine closure, the Mine Pits will remain as open voids. The Mine Pits cannot be rehabilitated as the consolidated rock substrate and steep sides will not be conducive to plant growth, with the steep sides also prohibitive to safe rehabilitation practices.

WASTE ROCK LANDFORM

An estimated 14Mt of waste rock to be excavated from the Mine Pits will be disposed of to the Waste Rock Landform. The Waste Rock Landform will cover a spatial area of approximately 73ha (refer to Figure 2-3), of which approximately 1ha (1%) has previously been cleared.

The elevation of the Waste Rock Landform, to 400mAHD, is consistent with the elevations of the retained portions of the southern Koolyanobbing Range, and notably lower than the prominent elevated peaks of the southern Koolyanobbing Range at 510mAHD.

Consistent with recent infrastructure designs for Cliffs’ Yilgarn Operations, the design for the Waste Rock Landform is based on 10m lifts having a 150 batter, a 10m berm with a 50 backslope between lifts, and having an overall angle of approximately 120 (refer to Figure 2-9). The upper level of the Waste Rock Landform will also incorporate a 50 backslope. The backslope on the berms and the upper level will ensure the Waste Rock Landform is internally draining (not water-shedding). The design configuration for the Waste Rock Landform conceptually meets a 1:100 year Annual Recurrence Interval (ARI) for rainfall, noting the placement of suitable face-rock material and revegetation during mine operations and mine closure will be necessary to achieve this outcome.

The area for the Waste Rock Landform also includes provision for mine roads to connect the Waste Rock Landform to the Mine Pits and the Support Infrastructure, and for

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rehabilitation stockpiles to accommodate the vegetation and topsoil/subsoils to be cleared from within the Waste Rock Landform area.

As outlined by Section 3.3 Characterisation of Waste Rock and Tailings, geochemical characterisation has identified the majority of the waste rock (79%) has been classified as non-acid forming (NAF, S = ≤0.1%). A limited mass (6%) of the waste rock was identified as potentially acid-forming (PAF, S= ≥0.1%), with a limited mass (15%) classified as uncertain (UC, which may or may not be acid-forming). The waste rock was assessed as presenting a low-risk of metalliferous drainage and having low salinity. Consistent with the processes applied for Cliffs’ approved Yilgarn Operations, NAF waste rock materials will be disposed of through co-mingling with the PAF/UC waste rock materials. The waste rock composition indicates an average NAF:PAF/UC ratio of approximately 4:1 can be achieved; thereby meeting the co-mingling disposal ratios recommended by SRK (2015). As identified by Figure 2-9, the outer 5m of the Waste Rock Landform will be constructed of NAF waste rock in order to effectively contain and isolate the co-mingled waste rock from the surrounding environment. A copy of the geochemical characterisation report (SRK 2015) is provided on the compact disc appended to this Mining Proposal (refer to Section 9 References).

Progressively during mining and post-mining, the Waste Rock Landform will be rehabilitated by on-contour ripping of compacted areas and the respreading of rehabilitation materials (vegetation and topsoil/subsoil). The Waste Rock Landform will have an outer capping of topsoil/subsoil to provide a growth media for the rehabilitation works. The rehabilitation works will be undertaken to meet the rehabilitation completion criteria outlined within the Mine Closure Plan (Cliffs 2016c, Attachment 9), as outlined in Section 7.2 Rehabilitation.

Consistent with Cliffs’ approved Koolyanobbing Range mine operations, the Waste Rock Landform may also be used for the controlled landfill disposal of wastes. The types and volume of wastes to be disposed of are expected to be consistent with that applying to the approved Koolyanobbing Range mine operations. The use of the Waste Rock Landform for controlled landfill disposal will be subject to a Licence through the Department of Environmental Regulation (DER) in accordance with the Environmental Protection Regulations 1987 (WA).

To note, in an event that only ‘Stage 1’ development of the Mine Pits is undertaken, with ‘Stage 2’ development of the Mine Pits not being undertaken, the spatial area and/or elevation of the Waste Rock Landform can be expected to be reduced (due to less waste rock materials being excavated). A reduced spatial area and/or elevation of the Waste Rock Landform will not affect the mine operational controls or the mine closure outcomes described above.

SUPPORT INFRASTRUCTURE

The Support Infrastructure, covering a spatial area of approximately 97ha, will comprise standard mine infrastructure components considered necessary for mine development. Approximately 5ha (5%) of the 97ha area for the Support Infrastructure has previously been cleared.

The Support Infrastructure may include the following mine infrastructure components:

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Mine Roads - Mine roads will inter-connect the Mine Pits, Waste Rock Landform and the Support Infrastructure components, and connect the Project to Cliffs’ approved Koolyanobbing Range mine operations. The mine roads will be positioned off the ridgeline, to allow for construction (minimal cut and fill), and to avoid the identified environmental values of the ridgeline.

Ore Stockpiles - The excavated ore may be temporarily stockpiled prior to its transport to Cliffs’ approved Koolyanobbing Range mine operations for processing.

Rehabilitation Stockpiles - Rehabilitation materials (vegetation, topsoil/subsoil) cleared from the Project area during mine development will be temporarily stockpiled. The rehabilitation materials will be used for progressive and post-mining rehabilitation of the Waste Rock Landform and the Support Infrastructure components. The rehabilitation stockpiles will be positioned to allow for minimal movement during clearing and subsequent rehabilitation. Consistent with the approach adopted at Cliffs’ approved mine operations, the rehabilitation stockpiles will be ‘paddock-dumped’ with stockpile heights up to nominally 3m. Where possible, the topsoil/subsoils generated from the Project may be used directly in rehabilitation of existing cleared areas at the Koolyanobbing Range in order to minimise the need for the clearing of land areas for the stockpiling. The direct use of topsoil/subsoils may also assist to minimise any loss of seed viability and soil structure which can occur during long-term stockpiling.

Gravel Pits - Gravel pits will supply the gravel sources necessary for the construction of the mine roads and hardstand areas. The gravel pits are expected to be typically between approximately 1m to 4m depth.

Mine Administration Facilities - Portable mine offices (with kitchen and toilet facilities) will provide for mine administration purposes, including first aid and site security.

Workshops and Maintenance Facilities - Workshop and maintenance facilities may be installed to provide for mechanical and engineering use and storage purposes. Workshops and maintenance facilities will be on hardstands with sumps for the collection and containment of any potential contaminants.

Equipment Storage Facilities - Multiple locations will provide for the storage of mining equipment, including mining vehicles and spare parts.

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Hydrocarbon, Chemical and Explosives Storage Facilities - Storage facilities for hydrocarbons (including vehicle fuels), chemicals and explosives may be required. The products will be stored and segregated in accordance with the Dangerous Goods Safety Act 2004 (WA), Dangerous Goods Safety (Storage and Handling of Non-Explosives) Regulations 2007 (WA) and the Dangerous Goods Safety (Explosives) Regulations 2007 (WA). The Hydrocarbon Storage Facilities may include 3x 110kL double-walled diesel fuel tanks (wrap tanks), with other hydrocarbons (e.g. transmission oil, hydraulic fluids) stored on hardstands with sumps (to enable the recovery of any unintended discharge). The Explosives Storage Facilities may allow for the storage of up to approximately 14 tonnes of explosives and 25,000 detonators.

Water Treatment Facility - A small water treatment plant may be required to provide potable (drinking) water to service mine personnel and mine office facilities (kitchens and toilets), with any liquid waste (brine) produced to be transferred to the water storage dams for use in dust suppression.

Groundwater Wells and Water Storage Dams - Groundwater wells and water storage dams will be constructed to supply groundwater for use in dust suppression and other mining purposes. The construction of groundwater wells and groundwater abstraction will be undertaken in accordance with the Rights in Water and Irrigation Act 1914 (WA), as regulated by DoW. The water storage dams will have a stock-fencing perimeter to minimise fauna access, and contain fauna egress matting to assist with fauna escape in the case of inadvertent fauna entry.

Wastewater Treatment Facility - Wastewater from the mine offices (kitchens and toilets) will be treated through a wastewater treatment system. The wastewater treatment system will be designed and constructed to meet the requirements of the Shire of Yilgarn under the Health Act 1911 (WA) and the Health (Treatment of Sewage and Disposal of Effluent and Liquid Waste) Regulations 1974 (WA).

Power Generation Facilities - Diesel generators will supply power to the Support Infrastructure components and mobile equipment.

Surface water drainage for the Support Infrastructure area will be managed using a combination of v-drains, sumps and earthen bunding (as required) to control surface water drainage following rainfall, thereby allowing the water to infiltrate and/or evaporate. Containment infrastructure will be designed to have sufficient capacity to contain/control the surface water drainage. Roads will provide access for regular inspections of the drainage infrastructure.

Following the completion of mining, all above-ground infrastructure will be removed, with any below-ground infrastructure (e.g. pipelines, cables) retained insitu.

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The Support Infrastructure area will be rehabilitated by on-contour ripping of compacted areas and the respreading of rehabilitation materials (vegetation and topsoil/subsoil). The rehabilitation works will be undertaken to meet the rehabilitation completion criteria outlined within the Mine Closure Plan (Cliffs 2016c, Attachment 9) , as outlined in Section 7.2 Rehabilitation.

4.3 Ore Processing

DMP (2006) Guideline: Ore Processing o Provide a description of ore treatment and processing activities with a flow diagram. o Describe the waste streams, tailings, effluents and emissions produced as a result of processing activities. o Confirm whether a works approval is required from the DEC and if so, provide status update on application.

The Project does not involve ore processing. Accordingly, an assessment of ore processing in relation to the Project is not necessary.

Ore excavated from the Mine Pits will be processed at Cliffs’ existing ore processing facilities at the approved Koolyanobbing Range mine operations. As outlined by Section 2.5 Existing Facilities, Cliffs’ approved infrastructure and facilities (such as the Koolyanobbing ore processing facilities) will be used to the extent necessary to support the Project.

4.4 Tailings Storage

DMP (2006) Guideline: Tailings Storage o If a tailings storage facility is proposed, the information provided must be consistent with DMP’s guidelines on tailings storage design and operation, available at: http://www.doir.wa.gov.au/environmentID3EDAEF4AF5444B387556F666CCFOOA4.asp o Include a description of: o Size and location of the tailings facilities. o Construction methods. o Source of construction material. o Management of tailings process lines. o Geochemical and geophysical characterisation of the tailings material. o The DOCEP geotechnical engineers can provide geotechnical advice for the construction of tailings storage facilities as well as water dams, pits and waste dumps (see information for DOCEP in Attachment 7). o If the geotechnical design is approved by DOCEP, the operator will be required to submit an operating manual for the tailings storage to DOCEP, available at http://www.doce.wa.cov.au/resourcessafety/Sections/MiningSafety/df /MS%2OGMP/Guidelines/MS GMP Guide tailingsmanual.pdf o A works approval and licence to operate a tailings facility will be required from the DEC.

The Project does not involve the production or storage of tailings. Accordingly, an assessment of tailings storage in relation to the Project is not necessary.

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4.5 Support Facilities

DMP (2006) Guideline: Support Facilities o Briefly describe proposed buildings and mining infrastructure such as offices, magazines, workshops, effluent systems, camps and accommodation villages. If located within townsite boundaries, buildings and infrastructure may require approval from local authorities. A works approval from DEC will be required for prescribed premises under Part V of the Environmental Protection Act (e.g. sewerage treatment plants).

As outlined by Section 2.5 Existing Facilities, Cliffs’ approved infrastructure and facilities will be used to the extent necessary to support the Project.

4.6 Workforce

DMP (2006) Guideline: Workforce o Outline workforce structure, including numbers of staff and contractors, where the workforce will be sourced (fly-in- fly-out, drive-in-drive-out or local residents) and the commute arrangements for non—local workforce personnel. o Please note that current government policy encourages the sourcing and accommodation of workers, as far as practicable, in the nearest established township or regional centre.

The personnel requirements for the Project will be supplied through Cliffs’ existing personnel resource. Accordingly, the Project is not expected to change Cliffs’ existing personnel numbers, personnel travel or personnel accommodation requirements.

Consistent with the procedures implemented at Cliffs’ Yilgarn Operations, all mine personnel will undergo a site induction which includes education and training on the potential risks, systems, plans and procedures necessary to manage the potential environmental effects of the Project.

4.7 Transportation Corridors

DMP (2006) Guideline: Transportation Corridors o Describe all transportation corridors, including: o Ore haulage routes, including length, width, method of construction and source of construction material. o Off site road transport and / or rail routes. o Port and shipping arrangements. o Overland powerline and pipeline routes (water, gas and slurry). o The use of public or private roads may require a permit from the commissioner of Main Roads and/or approval from the local authorities.

The Project does not require any new haulage routes, off-site road or rail transport, port or shipping arrangements, overland power or pipe routes, or use of public or private roads which may require additional approvals.

As outlined by Section 2.5 Existing Facilities, Cliffs’ approved infrastructure and facilities will be used to the extent necessary to support the Project.

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4.8 Resource Requirements and Regional Infrastructure

DMP (2006) Guideline: Resource Requirements and Regional Infrastructure o Provide details of regional resource requirements such as: o Water usage — annual volumes required and availability. o Energy usage — diesel / natural gas / electricity. o Road developments. o Workforce requirements. o Special requirements or infrastructure. o Describe any agreements or projects being undertaken in conjunction with local or State government in relation to any of the above points.

WATER USE

As outlined by Section 3.5 Hydrology, groundwater will be used in dust suppression and other mining purposes. Cliffs has been granted Licence GWL154459 (DoW 2014) and Licence CAW181766 (DoW 2015) under s5C and s26D of the Rights in Water and Irrigation Act 1914 (WA) to provide for groundwater supplies for Cliffs’ Yilgarn Operations, including the area of the Project.

The Project will use groundwater in dust suppression and other mining purposes. The groundwater requirement for the Project has not been estimated, however, is expected to be comparable to that of Cliffs’ approved mine operations on an area-comparison basis. The groundwater allocation under Licence GWL154459 will be sufficient meet the water requirements for the Project.

ENERGY USE

The energy requirement for the Project has not been estimated. Energy use (diesel and petrol fuels in mining vehicles) is expected to be comparable to that of Cliffs’ approved mine operations on a mining-rate comparison basis.

ROAD DEVELOPMENTS

There are no roads1 proposed for the Project.

WORKFORCE REQUIREMENTS

As outlined by Section 4.6 Workforce, the personnel requirements for the Project will be supplied through Cliffs’ existing personnel resource.

SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS OR INFRASTRUCTURE

There are no special requirements or infrastructure proposed for the Project.

AGREEMENTS

There are no agreements or projects being undertaken in conjunction with Government in relation to the above matters.

1 ‘Roads’ as defined under the Road Traffic Act 1974 (WA).

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4.9 Compliance with Legislation and Other Approvals

DMP (2006) Guideline: Compliance with Legislation and Other Approvals o Other approvals required under tenement conditions or other legislation should be identified and listed in this section. A compliance checklist matrix is recommended for inclusion in the mining proposal. o For tenement conditions: o Verify that the conditions of each tenement have been reviewed and any significant requirements addressed. o Provide evidence that conditions requiring additional consent have been complied with, such as ministerial consent to mine within some types of reserved land. o For other legislation: o Provide a list of the environmental approvals required under other legislation with an update on the approval progress of pending applications. Append evidence of issued approvals. o Provide a list of the significant non-environmental approvals required under other legislation with an update on the approval progress. An example is the project management plan required from DoCEP. o As discussed in section 3.1, to avoid delays in the mining proposal approval process, the need for simultaneous management of required approvals is emphasised.

The Project will be subject to a number of statutory assessment and approval processes. A summary of the assessment and approvals processes for the Project, and their status, is provided below:

MINING ACT 1978 (WA)

The Mining Act 1978 (WA) is the principal mining legislation in Western Australia and is regulated by DMP. Prior to undertaking mining operations, the holder of a Mining Lease is required to prepare a Mining Proposal, with DMP to assess the Mining Proposal and determine its approval on behalf of the Minister for Mines and Petroleum.

This Mining Proposal for the Project has been prepared to meet the requirements of, and for the approval of, DMP under s82A(2) of the Mining Act 1978 (WA), in accordance with the DMP (2006) document Mining Environmental Management Guideline: Mining Proposals in WA, and in compliance with Conditions 6 and 18 of Mining Lease M77/607-I (DMP 2015a, Attachment 1), Condition 8 of Mining Lease M77/989-I (DMP 2015b, Attachment 2), Conditions 8 and 23 of Mining Lease M77/990-I (DMP 2015c, Attachment 3), and Condition 7 of Mining Lease M77/1278-I. Cliffs anticipates the assessment and approval of this Mining Proposal by DMP will be concluded during Q1 2017.

The conditions of Mining Leases M77/607-I, M77/989-I, M77/990-I and M77/1278-I have been reviewed in preparation of this Mining Proposal. Cliffs considers it is in compliance with the conditions applying to these Mining Leases.

Conditions 6 and 18 of Mining Lease M77/607-I require the submission and approval of a document outlining the proposed operations prior to the implementation of such operations (i.e. a Mining Proposal). Condition 12 of Mining Lease M77/607-I requires implementing the approved operations in accordance with the specified documentation. Condition 12 of Mining Lease M77/607-I may require amendment by DMP to capture this Mining Proposal for the Project as a document approved under Conditions 6 and 18. Cliffs notes it may also be appropriate for DMP to review Conditions 6 and 18 to remove duplication.

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Pursuant to Endorsement 2 of Mining Lease M77/607-I, Cliffs is authorised to work and mine for iron within Mining Lease M77/607-I.

Condition 8 of Mining Lease M77/989-I requires the submission and approval of a document outlining the proposed operations prior to the implementation of such operations (i.e. a Mining Proposal). Cliffs notes the conditions of Mining Lease M77/989-I may require amendment by DMP to capture this Mining Proposal for the Project as an approved document.

Pursuant to Endorsement 3 of Mining Lease M77/989-I, Cliffs is authorised to work and mine for iron within Mining Lease M77/989-I.

Conditions 8 and 23 of Mining Lease M77/990-I require the submission and approval of a document outlining the proposed operations prior to the implementation of such operations (i.e. a Mining Proposal). Condition 17 of Mining Lease M77/990-I requires implementing the approved operations in accordance with the specified documentation. Condition 17 of Mining Lease M77/990-I may require amendment by DMP to capture this Mining Proposal for the Project as a document approved under Conditions 8 and 23. Cliffs notes it may also be appropriate for DMP to review Conditions 8 and 23 to remove duplication.

Pursuant to Endorsement 3 of Mining Lease M77/990-I, Cliffs is authorised to work and mine for iron within Mining Lease M77/990-I.

Condition 7 of Mining Lease M77/1278-I requires the submission and approval of a document outlining the proposed operations prior to the implementation of such operations (i.e. a Mining Proposal). Cliffs notes the conditions of Mining Lease M77/1278-I may require amendment by DMP to capture this Mining Proposal for the Project as an approved document.

Pursuant to Endorsement 2 of Mining Lease M77/1278-I, Cliffs is authorised to work and mine for iron within Mining Lease M77/1278-I.

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ACT 1986 (WA)

The Environmental Protection Act 1986 (WA) is the principal environmental protection legislation in Western Australia and includes environmental assessments undertaken by EPA. A project which is likely to have a significant effect on the environment may be assessed by EPA, with a subsequent approval decision by the Western Australian (WA) Minister for Environment under s45 of the Environmental Protection Act 1986 (WA).

The Project was submitted for assessment to EPA under s38 of the Environmental Protection Act 1986 (WA) in July 2014 (Cliffs 2014a). In October/November 2015, Cliffs’ (2015a) Environmental Impact Assessment (Public Environmental Review) (EIA-PER) document for the Project was released for review by Government agencies and the public. Following, in September 2016, the EPA (2016) submitted its assessment report to the WA Minister for Environment outlining the environmental acceptability of the Project. Cliffs anticipates the approval by the WA Minister for Environment to be granted during Q1 2017.

The assessment and approval processes of EPA and the WA Minister for Environment under the Environmental Protection Act 1986 (WA) are expected to be undertaken in parallel with the assessment of this Mining Proposal by DMP under the Mining Act 1978 (WA).

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To note for information, the EPA (2016) assessment report recommended the Minister for Environment grant approval of the Project subject to a number of conditions targeting the protection, management and monitoring of the ‘Rare Flora’ taxon Tetratheca erubescens, including: (a) a staged development approach for initial mine development of the central and southern Mine Pits (F2 and F3 Mine Pits) as ‘Stage 1’, with the northern Mine Pit (F1 Mine Pit) developed later as ‘Stage 2’(refer to Figure 2-4) subject to compliance with the success of environmental offsets for Tetratheca erubescens; (b) a requirement for a ‘Flora and Vegetation Management Plan’, specific to the Project which provides for additional monitoring and management of Tetratheca erubescens (and DPaW-classified ‘priority’ flora taxa); and (c) a requirement for a ‘Stability Monitoring Program’ for the southern Mine Pit (F3 Mine Pit) outlining routine geotechnical/geological mapping, continuous slope stability monitoring and data interpretation to ensure stability of the retained areas of Tetratheca erubescens.

The recommended conditions described above will be regulated by EPA under the Environmental Protection Act 1986 (WA). The recommended conditions will not be subject to regulation by DMP through under the Mining Act 1978 (WA).

ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION AND BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION ACT 1999 (C’th)

The Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (C’th) is the principal environmental legislation of Australia, and is managed by the Australian Department of the Environment and Energy (DEE). A Proposal that is likely to have a significant effect to a matter of national environmental significance (such as a ‘Threatened Species’ of flora or fauna), may be assessed by DEE, with a subsequent approval decision by the Australian Minister for Environment (or as delegated to DEE).

The Project was referred to DEE under s68(2) of the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (C’th) in June 2014 (Cliffs 2014c). In August 2014, DEE (2014c) determined the Project did not require assessment or approval under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (C’th).

WILDLIFE CONSERVATION ACT 1950 (WA)

The Wildlife Conservation Act 1950 (WA) provides for the conservation and management of declared flora and fauna taxa in Western Australia, and is regulated by DPaW. The Wildlife Conservation Act 1950 (WA) requires a Licence from the Minister for Environment (or as delegated to DPaW) to be held for the taking of any ‘Rare Flora’ taxa.

The Project coincides with individuals of the ‘Rare Flora’ taxon Tetratheca erubescens. Cliffs submitted an application to DPaW for a Licence to remove individuals of Tetratheca erubescens during Q4 2016. Cliffs anticipates the assessment and approval of a Licence by DPaW will be concluded during Q1 2017.

The assessment and approval processes of DPaW under the Wildlife Conservation Act 1950 (WA) will be undertaken in parallel with the assessment of this Mining Proposal by DMP under the Mining Act 1978 (WA).

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RIGHTS IN WATER AND IRRIGATION ACT 1914 (WA)

The Rights in Water and Irrigation Act 1914 (WA) is the principal legislation regarding surface water and groundwater use in Western Australia, and is regulated by DoW. The installation of groundwater wells and the abstraction of groundwater each require a Licence from DoW under the Rights in Water and Irrigation Act 1914 (WA).

Cliffs has been granted Licence GWL154459 (DoW 2014) and Licence CAW181766 (DoW 2015) under s5C and s26D of the Rights in Water and Irrigation Act 1914 (WA) to provide for groundwater supplies for Cliffs’ Yilgarn Operations.

The Licence CAW181766 approval (DoW 2015) will allow for installation of groundwater well(s) within the Project area. Following construction of the groundwater wells (currently scheduled for Q2 2017), Cliffs will seek an amendment to the Licence GWL154459 approval to allow for groundwater abstraction from the additional groundwater well(s).

The application for amendment of the Licence GWL154459 approval is scheduled to be submitted to DoW from Q2 2017. Cliffs anticipates the assessment and approval to amend the Licence GWL15549 approval by DoW will be concluded during Q2 2017.

The assessment and approval processes of DoW under the Rights in Water and Irrigation Act 1914 (WA) will be undertaken in parallel with the assessment of this Mining Proposal by DMP under the Mining Act 1978 (WA).

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION REGULATIONS 1987 (WA)

The Environmental Protection Regulation 1987 (WA), being subsidiary legislation under the Environmental Protection Act 1986 (WA), requires specified activities to be undertaken in accordance with a Licence issued by DER.

Cliffs has been granted the Licence 5850 approval (DER 2016) for the Koolyanobbing Range mine operations, which includes specified activities for ore processing (Category 5), mine pit groundwater dewatering (Category 6), sewage facility (Category 54), used tyre storage (Category 57) and putrescible landfills (Category 64).

The Licence 5850 approval will require amendment to incorporate the Project area within the authorised areas to allow for crushing/screening of gravel ores for hardstand areas (Category 5) and a putrescible landfill for waste disposal (Category 64).

An application to amend the Licence 5850 approval to incorporate the Project was submitted to DER in Q1 2016 (Cliffs 2016f). Cliffs anticipates the assessment and approval of the Licence 5850 amendment will be concluded by DER during Q1 2017.

The assessment and approval processes of DER under the Environmental Protection Regulations 1987 (WA) are expected to be undertaken in parallel with the assessment of this Mining Proposal by DMP under the Mining Act 1978 (WA).

ABORIGINAL HERITAGE ACT 1972 (WA)

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The Project does not coincide with any ‘Registered Site’ of Aboriginal heritage under the Aboriginal Heritage Act 1972 (WA), or any ‘other heritage place’ data record held by DAA (DAA 2015a, 2015b, 2015c, 2015d, 2015e). Accordingly, approval under the Aboriginal Heritage Act 1972 (WA) is not required for implementation of the Project.

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5 Environmental Assessment

DMP (2006) Guideline: Environmental Impacts and Management o The management of environmental impacts is the key factor in developing an acceptable mining proposal and expediting approval timelines. The two main objectives of environmental management within the mining proposal are: o To identify all likely environmental impacts arising from the mining proposal and to determine significant impacts requiring the implementation of special management procedures. o To develop and declare the environmental management commitments necessary to minimise, control, ameliorate and rehabilitate significant impacts. The commitments then become part of the company’s annual environmental reporting program once the project has received DMP approval. o At the end of this section, the mining proposal should contain a table to summarise the impacts identified and the management commitments (see example below). This table can also be included in the AER.

The potential environmental effects of the Project are outlined below, using the same headings as specified by the DMP (2006) document Mining Environmental Management Guideline: Mining Proposals in WA.

A summary of the potential effects, proposed management and commitments for the Project are contained in Table 1-2 within Section 1.2 Assessment, Management and Commitments, as required by DMP (2006). To avoid duplication, Table 1-2 is not repeated in this Section.

The survey and investigation reports identified in this Section, subject to copyright restrictions, are provided on the compact disc appended to this Mining Proposal (refer to Section 9 References).

5.1 Land Clearing

DMP (2006) Guideline: Land Clearing o The impacts of land clearing and vegetation removal on soil erosion, salinity and hydrology should be assessed and described in accordance with the 10 clearing principles. o The impact of vegetation clearing should be assessed at both the local and regional level. o Land management and drainage strategies should be considered along with factors like the cleared area’s shape and landform profile, water control, soil stability, weeds and pests and adjacent land uses.

ASSESSMENT

The potential environmental effects of land clearing predominantly relate to the effect to the flora and fauna taxa occupying the land, and from dust emissions generated during land clearing. The potential effects to flora and fauna are addressed in Section 5.3 Flora and Section 5.4 Fauna. The potential effects of dust emissions are addressed in Section 5.10 Atmospheric Pollution and Noise. Additional environmental effects specifically related to land clearing are not expected.

The principles for the clearing of native vegetation listed in Schedule 5 of the Environmental Protection Act 1986 (WA), as used in assessment of an application for a native vegetation Clearing Permit under the Environmental Protection Act 1986 (WA), are not applicable to the assessment of a Mining Proposal under the Mining Act 1978 (WA). As identified in Section 4.9 Compliance with Legislation and Other Approvals, a Clearing Permit will not be required for the Project as native vegetation clearing will be subject to approval under s45 of the Environmental

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Protection Act 1986 (WA) as described in Section 4.9 Compliance with Legislation and Other Approvals (refer also to Item 29 of Table E-1).

As outlined by Section 4.2 Mining Operations, the engineering design for the Waste Rock Landform is based on 10m lifts having a 150 batter, a 10m berm with a 50 backslope between lifts, having an overall angle of approximately 120, which conceptually meets a 1:100 year ARI for rainfall. The Waste Rock Landform will have an outer capping of topsoil/subsoil to provide a growth media for rehabilitation works. As such, the landform profile, water control and soil stability for the Waste Rock Landform have been adequately considered during the Project design.

As outlined by Section 3.8 Social Environment, the Project is located on Mining Leases granted to Cliffs under the Mining Act 1978 (WA). The current use of the land is for mineral exploration and mine operations undertaken by Cliffs. The Mining Leases overlie Unallocated Crown Land under the Land Administration Act 1997 (WA), vested with DoL. Consultation with DoL is outlined within Section 6.2 Land Use and Community. As the Project is located within Unallocated Crown Land, the Project is not expected to affect any other land uses.

MANAGEMENT

The Project is expected to have a low and manageable environmental effect from land clearing. The potential environmental effects of land clearing predominantly relate to effects associated with flora, fauna and dust emissions; which are addressed separately in Section 5.3 Flora, Section 5.4 Fauna and Section 5.10 Atmospheric Pollution and Noise.

Standard mine operational controls relevant to land clearing for the Project will include internal processes to control land clearing to within approved areas, staging of land clearing progressively (where possible), and management of cleared areas through the application of groundwater to minimise dust emissions.

5.2 Water

DMP (2006) Guideline: Water o Describe all potential impacts of mining activities on the groundwater and surface water systems. o The impact of flooding on the mining site, if applicable, should also be addressed. To assist with the assessment of flood impact, a contour plan encompassing the area of operations and up to a minimum distance of 500 metres around the operation should be submitted. This contour plan should have a maximum contour interval of five metres with a two metre interval preferred. o Any potential impacts of any hydrological changes on vegetation, habitat or aquatic ecosystems should also be discussed. For example, the construction of haul roads or diversion channels may interrupt surface water flows and adversely impact downstream vegetation such as in mulga communities. Road construction details are required to show how environmental effects will be minimised, especially where roads cross watercourses or where the location of the road may affect surface sheet flow (overland) systems. o The development and extraction of groundwater or surface waters will require approval and licensing from DoW. Similar licensing may be required for mine dewatering programs. Mine de-watering requirements must be provided with details on water quality, predicted volumes, discharge points and likely impacts on regional drainage. Details of water abstraction or de-watering licences or applications must be provided in the mining proposal.

ASSESSMENT

Groundwater in the Yilgarn area is predominantly hypersaline, with the main beneficial use of this groundwater being for mineral exploration and mine operations (DPaW 2008).

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As outlined by Section 3.5 Hydrology, the Koolyanobbing Range coincides with part of the Goldfields Groundwater Management Area regulated by DoW under the Rights in Water and Irrigation Act 1914 (WA). Cliffs has been granted Licence GWL154459 (DoW 2014) under s5C of the Rights in Water and Irrigation Act 1914 (WA) for groundwater supplies for Cliffs’ Yilgarn Operations, including the Project area. Licence GWL154459 provides Cliffs with a groundwater allocation of approximately 6GL/y.

As outlined by Section 4.2 Mining Operations, Groundwater at the Koolyanobbing Range has been recorded at approximately 340mAHD (Rockwater 2011, 2013). Groundwater salinity at the Koolyanobbing Range is hyper-saline at up to approximately 300,000mg/L (Rockwater 2013). As the Mine Pits for the Project will be excavated to an elevation of approximately 360mAHD (i.e. above the recorded groundwater level), a requirement for groundwater dewatering is not expected.

As outlined by Section 3.5 Hydrology, groundwater will be used in dust suppression and other mining purposes within the Project area. As the groundwater abstraction volume is not expected to be significant, the Project is not expected to result in a detrimental effect to the groundwater resource. The use of groundwater for dust suppression is an activity authorised under the Licence GWL154459 approval.

As outlined by Section 4.2 Mining Operations, surface water drainage within the Project area will be managed using a combination of v-drains, sumps and earthen bunding (as required) to control surface water following rainfall, thereby allowing the water to infiltrate and/or evaporate. The drainage infrastructure will include areas containing pipelines where a potential risk of discharge to native vegetation may exist, with pipelines located in v-drains to contain any potential inadvertent discharge. Pipelines transporting abstracted groundwater will positioned within v-drains and/or bunding (as required) for the management and control of any inadvertent water flow/discharge. Containment infrastructure will be designed to have sufficient capacity to contain/control surface water drainage. Roads will provide access for regular inspections of the drainage infrastructure.

As outlined by Section 3.6 Climate, the engineering design for the Waste Rock Landform conceptually meets a 1:100 year ARI for rainfall, noting the placement of suitable face-rock material and revegetation during mine operations and mine closure (as outlined within Section 7.2 Rehabilitation) will be necessary to achieve that result. Accordingly, the aspects of surface water drainage relating to the shape, water shedding and infiltration of the Waste Rock Landform are expected to be acceptable.

Figure 2-10 identifies the projected surface water drainage flows for the Project area. Surface water drainage will generally be in a north-easterly direction across the land contours. The Mine Pits will be internally draining as a result of their structure (excavations). Drainage for the area of the Waste Rock Landform will be controlled through low-angle batters and incorporation of a 50 backslope on the berms and the upper level to ensure the Waste Rock Landform is internally draining (not water-shedding). Drainage for the area of the Support Infrastructure, which is relatively flat at <20 across the Project area, will be managed through a combination of v-drains leading to sumps, in order to allow the water to evaporate and/or infiltrate within the Project area.

As outlined by Section 3.5 Hydrology, the climate of the Koolyanobbing Range area is characterised by mild, wet winters, with approximately 300mm of rainfall occurring over approximately 45 days of rain annually (BoM 2015a). In consideration of this low annual average rainfall, an assessment of the flood potential is not necessary.

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MANAGEMENT

Cliffs’ mine operations are undertaken in accordance with an Environmental Policy (Cliffs Natural Resources 2014, Attachment 5), which outlines Cliffs’ overarching objectives for environmental protection and continual improvement in environmental performance. The Environmental Policy is implemented through Cliffs’ international standard AS/NZS ISO 14001:2004-certified EMS (SGS 2015, Attachment 6), which includes EMPs for the management of key environmental aspects.

Cliffs proposes to manage the potential environmental effects of the Project to groundwater in accordance with: o Licence GWL154459 (DoW 2014), Licence CAW181766 (DoW 2015) and the Groundwater Management Plan (Cliffs 2014b), as regulated by DoW under the Rights in Water and Irrigation Act 1914 (WA).

The Groundwater Management Plan, which forms part of Cliffs’ international standard AS/NZS ISO 14001:2004 EMS, contains a range of management actions related to groundwater abstraction and groundwater monitoring, including: o Recording of groundwater abstraction volumes; o Groundwater level monitoring; o Water quality monitoring (salinity); o Review of groundwater levels to determine any effect to the groundwater resource, and any subsequent changes required to the abstraction rates or abstraction locations; o Visual recording of vegetation around groundwater abstraction wells to identify any effect to adjacent vegetation; and o Annual reporting of the groundwater monitoring results to DoW.

The Project is expected to have a low and manageable potential effect to groundwater. Implementation of Cliffs’ Groundwater Management Plan, with regulation of this plan by DoW through Licence GWL15549 under the Rights in Water and Irrigation Act 1914 (WA), is expected to be appropriate to manage this low risk.

Cliffs’ operational controls also include daily visual inspection of pipelines containing groundwater. If any inadvertent surface discharge is observed, the discharge will be immediately ceased, reported and investigated. Surface water discharges will be reported annually to DMP, with any large discharges also reported to DMP as soon as practicable. Reporting may also occur to other government agencies (e.g. EPA, DPaW and/or DER), as appropriate.

As outlined above, the Waste Rock Landform has been subject to engineering design by suitably qualified engineers in consideration of a range of factors, including rainfall and safety, and incorporating physical drainage structures (e.g. back-sloping berms) to assist with infiltration and evaporation of surface water drainage. The use of such structures is consistent with the design and construction of comparable infrastructure at Cliffs’ approved mine operations. No additional management controls are necessary for the management of surface water drainage for the Waste Rock Landform.

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5.3 Flora

DMP (2006) Guideline: Flora, Fauna and Ecosystem o Describe the proposed management and impact minimisation strategies for any restricted, rare or threatened species, ecological communities and ecosystems occurring within the proposed mining proposal footprint. DEC will need to be consulted in regard to the management strategies and this should be detailed in the mining proposal.

ASSESSMENT

As outlined by Section 3.7 Flora and Fauna, the southern Koolyanobbing Range is located within the Coolgardie Botanical District of the South-western Interzone (Beard 1990 cited in Cliffs 2002).

The flora taxa of the southern Koolyanobbing Range include 1 flora taxon declared as ‘Rare Flora’ under the Wildlife Conservation Act 1950 (WA) and 10 DPaW-classified ‘priority’ flora taxa. The flora surveys also noted a record of a DPaW-classified ‘priority’ ecological community occurring across both the northern and southern Koolyanobbing Ranges.

The recorded locations of ‘Rare Flora’ taxa and DPaW-classified ‘priority’ flora taxa occurring across the southern Koolyanobbing Range are identified by Figures 2-12a to 2-12d. The recorded locations of vegetation units are identified by Figures 2-13a and 2-13b. The mapped area of the DPaW-classified ‘priority’ ecological community is identified by Figure 2-14.

Of the recorded flora values of the southern Koolyanobbing Range, the Project coincides with records of: (a) Tetratheca erubescens (Rare Flora); (b) Beyeria rostellata (P1); (c) Acacia dissona var. indoloria (P3); (d) Hibbertia lepidocalyx ssp. tuberculata (P3); (e) Lepidosperma ferricola (P3); (f) Stenanthemum newbeyi (P3); (g) Banksia arborea (P4); (h) other native flora taxa; (i) introduced flora taxa; (j) 9 vegetation units; and (k) DPaW-classified PEC.

An assessment of the potential environmental effect of the Project to flora values is provided below.

To note with regards to the interpretation of the results for DPaW-classified ‘priority’ flora taxa, as the flora surveys have focused on the Project area (with conversely, a lesser focus on areas beyond the Project area), the distribution mapping and population counts for the DPaW-classified ‘priority’ flora taxa bias towards a greater concentration and proportion occurring within the Project area (with conversely, a lesser concentration and proportion identified beyond of the Project area). This bias also arises for the regional flora surveys that assist to provide contextual information as to their regional distributions.

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Tetratheca erubescens (Rare Flora) -

As outlined by Bull (2007), Tetratheca erubescens is a low, tangled shrub growing to 0.5m height and 1.5m width, glaucous to greyish-green in overall appearance, decumbent (draping) to erect with woody stock, with the flowers coloured white with pink flecks to entirely mauve. Tetratheca erubescens occupies small rock crevices containing red sandy loam soils on steep ironstone ridge faces and upper rocky slopes. A description of the habitat occupied by Tetratheca erubescens at the southern Koolyanobbing Range is outlined within BGPA (2015). Tetratheca erubescens has been recorded only from the southern Koolyanobbing Range (Maia 2013; Woodman 2014; DPaW 2016b).

Tetratheca erubescens was declared as ‘Rare Flora’ under the Wildlife Conservation Act 1950 (WA) in June 2006 (WA Minister for Environment 2006). The declaration of Tetratheca erubescens as ‘Rare Flora’ was based upon an assessment by DPaW (2004) using the criteria of IUCN (2001); which is used internationally as the standard for assessing the conservation status of flora and fauna taxa. The DPaW (2004) assessment identified Tetratheca erubescens as meeting the category of ‘Vulnerable’ due to its restricted area of occupancy (<2km2) and low number of locations (1 location).

A total population of 6,333 Tetratheca erubescens individuals have been recorded across the southern Koolyanobbing Range (Maia 2013; Woodman 2014; Cliffs unpublished data). As identified by Figure 2-12a, Tetratheca erubescens was recorded both within and outside of the Project area, occupying an area of approximately 5ha.

The Project area for the Mine Pits coincides with part of the Tetratheca erubescens population. As the ore resource is fixed (and as such, the location of the Mine Pits is fixed), removal of part of the Tetratheca erubescens population by the Project is unavoidable. The Mine Pits have been modified as far as practicable to minimise the effect of the Project to Tetratheca erubescens, with a view towards achieving an appropriate balance between resource development and its environmental effects.

The Mine Pits are expected to directly remove 874 individuals (14%) of the Tetratheca erubescens population. A further 91 individuals (1%) of Tetratheca erubescens occur within a 10m set-back around the outer edge of the Mine Pits which may (or may not) be removed, with this set-back to conservatively account for any potential imprecision in the mine planning process associated with geographical positioning systems and land contour data. The Project may therefore result in a total potential removal of up to 965 individuals (15%) of the Tetratheca erubescens population of 6,333 individuals.

Table 5-1 identifies the number of Tetratheca erubescens individuals coinciding with the Project, as well as contextual information regarding its local and regional distribution.

The effect of the Project of up to 15% of the Tetratheca erubescens population falls within the benchmarks for ‘Rare Flora’ established by previous assessment and approval processes under the Environmental Protection Act 1986 (WA), Wildlife Conservation Act 1950 (WA) and the Mining Act 1978 (WA). For example, the effect of the Project of 15% is less than the 30% removal approved for the related ‘Rare Flora’ taxon Tetratheca paynterae ssp. paynterae, and similarly, less than the 37% removal approved for the ‘Rare Flora’ taxon Ricinocarpos brevis, both which occur at Cliffs’ Windarling Range mine operations (WA Minister for Environment 2003, 2012, 2014; DPaW 2003, 2011, 2012; DMP 2003, 2012). As further examples within Western Australia, the ‘Rare Flora’ taxon Lepidosperma gibsonii at the Mt Gibson Ranges was approved for up to 47% removal (ATA 2006; EPA 2006), with the ‘Rare Flora’ taxon Kunzea similis at the Ravensthorpe Range previously approved for up to 59% removal (RNO 2002; EPA 2003). Whilst the acceptable effect to any flora taxa may differ due to a variety of biotic and abiotic factors (e.g.

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population size, regional distribution, reproductive biology, habitat type and distribution), these examples provide a general guide as to how previous assessment and approval process have considered effects to ‘Rare Flora’ taxa.

Consideration of the potential for an indirect environmental effect of the Project to Tetratheca erubescens has been considered. Environmental monitoring undertaken at Cliffs’ existing Windarling Range mine operations on the related flora taxon Tetratheca paynterae ssp. paynterae has demonstrated the population remains healthy and viable after approximately 10 years of mine operations (monitoring data 2003 (pre-mining) to 2013), with the key outcomes identified including the maintenance of population health, flowering/fruiting continuing, and germination of new individuals within the population (Cliffs 2014e). This monitoring comprises measuring plant condition, age- structure, reproductive status, mortality and recruitment within 7 randomly selected quadrats at varying distances from the mine operations, comprising more than 1,100 monitored individuals (representing a subset of approximately 20% of the total extant population of 5,400 individuals). The monitoring program has been developed and revised over time, in consultation with DPaW and external consultants (Data Analysis Australia 2011), to ensure it is capable of statistically detecting any changes in the population. The long-term monitoring of Tetratheca paynterae ssp. paynterae provides a sound basis on which to conclude the Project is unlikely to result in a significant indirect environmental effect to the Tetratheca erubescens individuals to be retained at the southern Koolyanobbing Range.

The potential for an effect to Tetratheca erubescens from changed hydrology has also been considered. Tetratheca erubescens occupies habitats of rock crevices positioned on elevated ridge faces (i.e. not positioned within surface water drainage channels). This habitat positioning indicates water supply to Tetratheca erubescens occurs from rainfall directly on the localised ridge faces, rather than from broader surface water flows. Accordingly, any localised change to surface water drainage by the Project is unlikely to affect the habitats occupied by Tetratheca erubescens.

Consideration has also been given to the potential for an environmental effect of the Project to the genetic variation and spatial structuring of the Tetratheca erubescens population. As outlined by the Botanic Gardens and Parks Authority (BGPA) (2014), the Project is expected to have a negligible effect to genetic variation and spatial genetic structuring of the Tetratheca erubescens population. As suggested by BGPA (2014), whilst the effect to the genetic variation of Tetratheca erubescens is expected to be negligible, security of this genetic variation could be further ensured through the collection of seed material and/or live individuals for subsequent translocation beyond the Project area.

Cliffs (2014d) has assessed the environmental effect1 of the Project to Tetratheca erubescens using the IUCN (2012) criteria, which are used internationally as the standard for assessing the conservation status of flora and fauna taxa, including by DPaW in its assessment of ‘Rare Flora’ under the Wildlife Conservation Act 1950 (WA) (as outlined by DPaW (2004), using the then IUCN (2001) criteria). Based on the proposed removal of 15% of the Tetratheca erubescens population (as described above), and in consideration of no significant indirect effect recorded for the related Tetratheca taxa adjacent to the Windarling Range mine operations (as described above), the Project is not expected to change the threatened taxa category of ‘Vulnerable’ currently applying to Tetratheca erubescens under the IUCN (2012) criteria.

1 Cliffs (2014d) assessment was based on an effect up to 22% of the Tetratheca erubescens population.

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In consideration of the number of individuals of Tetratheca erubescens coinciding with the Project (965 individuals), its broader population size (6,333 individuals), assessment of the potential for indirect effects, and the long-term monitoring results for the related Tetratheca adjacent to Cliffs’ mining operations, the effect of the Project to Tetratheca erubescens is not environmentally significant.

Beyeria rostellata (P1) -

Beyeria rostellata is a spindly, resinous or viscid shrub to 1.8m high which occurs on ironstone hills (DPaW 2012g cited in Woodman 2014). DPaW (2016c) identifies Beyeria rostellata as having a linear distribution of approximately 80km, extending from the Koolyanobbing Range in the south to the Mt Jackson Range in the north, with a population also occurring at the Helena and Aurora Range. The population of Beyeria rostellata across all recorded locations has previously been estimated at approximately 60,000 individuals (Western Botanical 2009), of which 7,200 individuals have been removed from the regional population (Cliffs unpublished data).

As identified by Figure 2-12b, Beyeria rostellata was recorded across the length of the southern Koolyanobbing Range, both within and outside of the Project area. The recorded population of Beyeria rostellata at the southern Koolyanobbing Range is approximately 16,400 individuals. Records held by Cliffs (unpublished data) indicate approximately 2,800 individuals of Beyeria rostellata have previously been removed from the southern Koolyanobbing Range (as part of the 7,200 individuals identified above). The Project coincides with approximately 840 individuals of Beyeria rostellata.

Table 5-1 identifies the number of Beyeria rostellata individuals coinciding with the Project, as well as contextual information regarding its local and regional distribution.

In consideration of the number of individuals of Beyeria rostellata coinciding with the Project (840 individuals), and having regard to its population size and distribution across the southern Koolyanobbing Range (16,400 individuals) and the broader region (60,000 individuals), the effect of the Project to Beyeria rostellata is not environmentally significant.

Acacia dissona var. indoloria (P3) -

Acacia dissona var. indoloria is a shrub to 2m high with yellow flowers that generally occurs on plains and calcareous ridges on brown or red sandy loam or clay loam (DPaW 2014a cited in Woodman 2014). DPaW (2016d) identifies Acacia dissona var. indoloria as having a linear distribution of approximately 550km, extending from east of Kalgoorlie to north of Northam.

As identified by Figure 2-12c, Acacia dissona var. indoloria was recorded across the length of the southern Koolyanobbing Range, both within and outside of the Project area. The recorded population of Acacia dissona var. indoloria at the southern Koolyanobbing Range is approximately 800 individuals. The Project coincides with 1 individual of Acacia dissona var. indoloria.

Table 5-1 identifies the number of Acacia dissona var. indoloria individuals coinciding with the Project, as well as contextual information regarding its local and regional distribution.

In consideration of the number of individuals of Acacia dissona var. indoloria coinciding with the Project (1 individual), and having regard to its population size and distribution across the southern Koolyanobbing Range (800 individuals) and the broader region, the effect of the Project to Acacia dissona var. indoloria is not environmentally significant.

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Hibbertia lepidocalyx ssp. tuberculata (P3) -

Hibbertia lepidocalyx ssp. tuberculata is an erect shrub to 0.8m high with yellow flowers occurring on ironstone ridges and valley slopes on yellow-orange loam with ironstone gravel (DPaW 2014b cited in Woodman 2014). DPaW (2016e) identifies Hibbertia lepidocalyx ssp. tuberculata as having a linear distribution of approximately 180km, extending from the south of Southern Cross towards the Mt Manning Range to the north. Hibbertia lepidocalyx ssp. tuberculata has also been recorded in the areas of the Helena and Aurora Range, Mt Jackson Range, Perrinvale Range and the Mt Finnerty Range (Western Botanical 2012a; Ecologia 2013; DPaW 2016e). Records held by Cliffs (unpublished data) indicate more than 90,000 individuals of Hibbertia lepidocalyx ssp. tuberculata have been recorded regionally.

As identified by Figure 2-12c, Hibbertia lepidocalyx ssp. tuberculata was recorded across the length of the southern Koolyanobbing Range, both within and outside of the Project area. The recorded population of Hibbertia lepidocalyx ssp. tuberculata at the southern Koolyanobbing Range is approximately 44,100 individuals, of which 1,100 individuals have been removed from the southern Koolyanobbing Range (Cliffs unpublished data). The Project coincides with approximately 3,800 individuals of Hibbertia lepidocalyx ssp. tuberculata.

Table 5-1 identifies the number of Hibbertia lepidocalyx ssp. tuberculata individuals coinciding with the Project, as well as contextual information regarding its local and regional distribution.

In consideration of the number of individuals of Hibbertia lepidocalyx ssp. tuberculata coinciding with the Project (3,800 individuals), and having regard to its population size and distribution across the southern Koolyanobbing Range (44,100 individuals) and the broader region (>90,000 individuals), the effect of the Project to Hibbertia lepidocalyx ssp. tuberculata is not environmentally significant.

Lepidosperma ferricola (P3) -

Lepidosperma ferricola is a fine-leaved sedge to 1m high occurring on ironstone ridges, scree slopes and drainage lines (DPaW 2014b cited in Woodman 2014). DPaW (2016f) identifies Lepidosperma ferricola as having a linear distribution of approximately 100km, extending from the Koolyanobbing Range in the south to the Die Hardy Range in the north. Lepidosperma ferricola has also been recorded at the Helena and Aurora Range, Mt Jackson Range and the Die Hardy Range, as well as from the northern Koolyanobbing Range. Records held by Cliffs (unpublished data) indicate more than 100,000 individuals of Lepidosperma ferricola have been recorded regionally.

As identified by Figure 2-12c, Lepidosperma ferricola was recorded across the length of the southern Koolyanobbing Range, both within and outside of the Project area. The recorded population of Lepidosperma ferricola at the southern Koolyanobbing Range is approximately 63,600 individuals, of which 8,300 individuals have been removed from the southern Koolyanobbing Range (Cliffs unpublished data). The Project coincides with approximately 1,080 individuals of Lepidosperma ferricola.

Table 5-1 identifies the number of Lepidosperma ferricola individuals coinciding with the Project, as well as contextual information regarding its local and regional distribution.

In consideration of the number of individuals of Lepidosperma ferricola coinciding with the Project (1,080 individuals), and having regard to its population size and distribution across the southern Koolyanobbing Range (63,600 individuals) and the broader region (>100,000

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individuals), the effect of the Project to Lepidosperma ferricola is not environmentally significant.

Stenanthemum newbeyi (P3) -

Stenanthemum newbeyi is an erect or spreading shrub to 1.6m high occurring on ironstone slopes or lateritic ridges on clayey sand, clay or loam over laterite or ironstone (DPaW 2014a cited in Woodman 2014). DPaW (2016g) identifies Stenanthemum newbeyi as having a linear distribution of approximately 100km, extending from the Koolyanobbing Range in the south to the Die Hardy Range in the north. Stenanthemum newbeyi has also been recorded at the Mt Jackson Range, Helena and Aurora Range and the Mt Manning Range, as well as from the northern Koolyanobbing Range. Records held by Cliffs (unpublished data) identify more than 120,000 records of Stenanthemum newbeyi within the broader region, of which approximately 3,100 individuals have been removed from the regional population (Cliffs unpublished data).

As identified by Figure 2-12c, Stenanthemum newbeyi was recorded across the length of the southern Koolyanobbing Range, both within and outside of the Project area. The recorded population of Stenanthemum newbeyi at the southern Koolyanobbing Range is approximately 18,600 individuals. Records held by Cliffs (unpublished data) indicate approximately 600 individuals of Stenanthemum newbeyi have previously been removed from the southern Koolyanobbing Range (as part of the 3,100 individuals identified above). The Project coincides with approximately 4,640 individuals of Stenanthemum newbeyi.

Table 5-1 identifies the number of Stenanthemum newbeyi individuals coinciding with the Project, as well as contextual information regarding its local and regional distribution.

In consideration of the number of individuals of Stenanthemum newbeyi coinciding with the Project (4,640 individuals), and having regard to its population size and distribution across the southern Koolyanobbing Range (18,600 individuals) and the broader region (>120,000 individuals), the effect of the Project to Stenanthemum newbeyi is not environmentally significant.

Banksia arborea (P4) -

Banksia arborea is a tree or large shrub to 8m high with yellow flowers occurring on ironstone hills on stony loam soils (DPaW 2014b cited in Woodman 2014; Western Botanical 2012b). DPaW (2016h) identifies Banksia arborea as having a linear distribution of approximately 150km, extending from the Koolyanobbing Range in the south to the Perrinvale Range to the north. Banksia arborea has also been recorded at the Helena and Aurora Range, Die Hardy Range, Mt Elvire, Mt Finnerty Range, Mt Jackson Range, Mt Manning Range, Windarling Range and the Yorkadine Range (Western Botanical 2012b; DPaW 2016h). Records held by Cliffs (unpublished data) identify approximately 29,000 records of Banksia arborea within the broader region, of which 800 individuals have been removed from the regional population. To note, Banksia arborea has also been recorded in mining rehabilitation sites (waste rock landforms and exploration disturbances) at various sites across Cliffs’ Yilgarn Operations (pers. com. J Shepherdson of Cliffs, June 2014).

As identified by Figure 2-12d, Banksia arborea was recorded across the length of the southern Koolyanobbing Range, both within and outside of the Project area. The recorded population of Banksia arborea at the southern Koolyanobbing Range is approximately 5,500 individuals, of which 25 individuals have been removed from the southern Koolyanobbing Range (Cliffs unpublished data). The Project coincides with approximately 800 individuals of Banksia arborea.

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Table 5-1 identifies the number of Banksia arborea individuals coinciding with the Project, as well as contextual information regarding its local and regional distribution.

In consideration of the number of individuals of Banksia arborea coinciding with the Project (800 individuals), and having regard to its distribution across the southern Koolyanobbing Range (5,500 individuals) and the broader region (29,000 individuals), the effect of the Project to Banksia arborea is not environmentally significant.

Table 5-1 Flora Taxa. The Project coincides with records of the ‘Rare Flora’ taxon Tetratheca erubescens (R) and individuals of the DPaW-classified ‘priority’ flora taxa Beyeria rostellata (P1), Acacia dissona var. indoloria (P3), Hibbertia lepidocalyx ssp. tuberculata (P3), Lepidosperma ferricola (P3), Stenanthemum newbeyi (P3) and Banksia arborea (P4). The number of individuals of each taxon recorded within the Project area, across the Koolyanobbing Range and across the broader region is identified. The inset images identify the regional distribution of each taxon. Images: adapted from DPaW (2016b, 2016c, 2016d, 2016e, 2016f, 2016g, 2016h).

Tetratheca erubescens (R) Project Area 965 Koolyanobbing Range 6,333 Regional Distribution 6,333

Tetratheca erubescens is restricted to the southern Koolyanobbing Range, with a population of 6.333 individuals. The Project coincides with 965 individuals (15%) of the Tetratheca erubescens population.

Beyeria rostellata (P1) Project Area 840 Koolyanobbing Range 16,400 Regional Distribution 60,000

Beyeria rostellata has a regional distribution of approximately 80km, extending from the Koolyanobbing Range in the south to the Mt Jackson range in the north, with a population also recorded at the Helena and Aurora Range.

Acacia dissona var. indoloria (P3) Project Area 1 Koolyanobbing Range 800 Regional Distribution Not recorded

Acacia dissona var. indoloria has a regional distribution of approximately 550km, extending from east of Kalgoorlie to north of Northam.

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Hibbertia lepidocalyx ssp. tuberculata (P3) Project Area 3,800 Koolyanobbing Range 44,100 Regional Distribution >90,000

Hibbertia lepidocalyx ssp. tuberculata has a regional distribution of approximately 180km, with regional records including the Helena & Aurora Range, Mt Jackson Range, Koolyanobbing Range, Perrinvale Range and the Mt Finnerty Range.

Lepidosperma ferricola (P3) Project Area 1,080 Koolyanobbing Range 63,600 Regional Distribution >100,000

Lepidosperma ferricola has a regional distribution of approximately 100km, with regional records including the Helena & Aurora Range, Mt Jackson Range, Koolyanobbing Range (north and south) and the Die Hardy Range.

Stenanthemum newbeyi (P3) Project Area 4,640 Koolyanobbing Range 18,600 Regional Distribution >120,000

Stenanthemum newbeyi has a regional distribution of approximately 100km, with regional records including the Helena & Aurora Range, Die Hardy Range, Mt Jackson Range, Koolyanobbing Range (north and south) and the Mt Manning Range.

Banksia arborea (P4) Project Area 800 Koolyanobbing Range 5,500 Regional Distribution 29,000

Banksia arborea has a regional distribution of approximately 150km, with regional records including the Helena & Aurora Range, Die Hardy Range, Mt Elvire, Mt Finnerty Range, Windarling Range, Mt Jackson Range, Koolyanobbing Range, Mt Manning Range and the Yorkadine Range.

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Other Native Flora Taxa -

Flora surveys identified approximately 250 native flora taxa across the southern Koolyanobbing Range (Woodman 2014). Accordingly, the Project can also be expected to remove a variety of other native flora taxa which are not of listed conservation significance.

Generally, such other native flora taxa are not of conservation significance due to their population sizes and broad regional distributions. In this context, the effect of the Project to other native flora taxa is not expected to be environmentally significant.

Introduced Flora -

Flora surveys identified 12 introduced flora taxa (weeds) across the southern Koolyanobbing Range (Woodman 2014). None of the introduced flora taxa are Declared Pests under the Biosecurity and Agriculture Management Act 2007 (WA) or listed as a Weed of National Significance (Australian Weeds Committee 2012).

The presence of introduced flora taxa is likely from introduction and spread from pastoral and mining pursuits (both which have occurred at the southern Koolyanobbing Range for around half a century (as outlined by Section 2.4 History and Section 3.8 Social Environment)), with a lesser contribution from other sources such as by wind, birds and irregular visitors to the area.

Introduced flora within the Project area can be effectively managed through standard mine hygiene processes, which includes the control of vehicle and personnel movements within weed-infested areas, and herbicide spraying of weed-infested areas. In this context, the effect of the Project to introduced flora taxa is not expected to be environmentally significant.

Potential Indirect Effects -

The potential for an indirect effect to native flora taxa located beyond the Project area, such as from dust or changed hydrology or fire, has also been considered.

As outlined above, environmental monitoring undertaken at Cliffs’ existing Windarling Range mine operations on the flora taxon Tetratheca paynterae ssp. paynterae has demonstrated the population remains healthy and viable after approximately 10 years of mine operations (monitoring data 2003 (pre-mining) to 2013), with the key outcomes identified including the maintenance of population health, flowering/fruiting continuing, and germination of new individuals within the population (refer to Cliffs 2014e). Whilst such monitoring has recorded the presence of dust on flora in proximity to the mine operations, dust does not appear to result in a significant environmental effect (Matsuki et al. 2016). As such, a significant indirect environmental effect from dust to other native flora is considered unlikely.

The potential for the Project to result in a significant environmental effect to native flora from changed hydrology will be limited; primarily arising from the low rainfall of the region (refer to Section 2.1 Climate) resulting in only limited surface water flows. The Project infrastructure has been designed to control surface water drainage; such that significant uncontrolled surface water discharges from the Project is not anticipated. Any potential effect to surface water drainage will be localised.

The potential for the Project to result in a significant environmental effect to native flora from fire is also expected to be limited. Fire management is a standard operational

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matter which can be controlled in accordance with established fire prevention and control practices.

Vegetation -

The Project will be implemented within an area of 203ha, comprising approximately 189ha of native vegetation and 14ha of cleared land.

As identified by Figures 2-13a and 2-13b, a total of 16 vegetation units were recorded across the southern Koolyanobbing Range. The Project coincides with 9 vegetation units, all of which have distributions across the southern Koolyanobbing Range beyond the area of the Project.

Table 5-2 identifies the area of each vegetation unit coinciding with the Project, as well as providing contextual information on the broader distributions across the southern Koolyanobbing Range.

The Project coincides with <10% of the mapped area for 8 vegetation units (vegetation units 1, 3, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11), and <15% by area for the remaining 1 vegetation unit (vegetation unit 2). Whilst noting the greater removal of 1 vegetation unit, the >85% of this vegetation unit to be retained covers a spatial area of approximately 140ha.

In consideration of the proportional area of each vegetation unit coinciding with the Project, and having regard to the distribution of each vegetation unit across the southern Koolyanobbing Range, the effect of the Project to vegetation units is not environmentally significant.

The approved Koolyanobbing Range mine operations cover a spatial area of approximately 800ha, with the broader Yilgarn Operations covering a spatial area of approximately 3,150ha (Cliffs 2016d, 2016e, 2016g). The Project will have the effect of increasing the total area of native vegetation clearing at the Koolyanobbing Range by approximately 25%, which equates to an area increase of approximately 6% across the broader Yilgarn Operations. In context with the extensive areas of native vegetation across the Yilgarn region (as depicted in Figure 2-2), the effect of the Project to vegetation clearing is not environmentally significant.

As identified by Figure 2-14, the Project also coincides with part of the DPaW-classified ‘priority’ ecological community ‘Koolyanobbing vegetation complexes (banded ironstone formation)’ (DPaW 2013). The DPaW-classified PEC spans both the northern and southern Koolyanobbing Ranges, covering an area of approximately 2,500ha (Woodman 2014; DPaW 2013). This DPaW-classified PEC does not correlate to any defined environmental values (e.g. vegetation unit boundaries), and as such, the significance of any environmental effect of the Project to the PEC can only be considered in terms of the proportion of the land area of the Project that coincides with the DPaW-classified PEC. The Project coincides with approximately 73ha (3%) of the 2,500ha DPaW-classified PEC. The approved Koolyanobbing Range mine operations coincide with approximately 40ha (2%) of the DPaW-classified PEC. In consideration of the broad extent of the DPaW-classified PEC across both the southern and northern Koolyanobbing Range (2,500ha), and the confined area of the Project which coincides (73ha), the Project is not expected to result in a significant effect to the DPaW-classified PEC.

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VEGETATION UNIT KOOLYANOBBING RANGE (ha) PROJECT AREA (ha) Vegetation Unit 1 1,028 88 Vegetation Unit 2 166 24 Vegetation Unit 3 91 6 Vegetation Unit 5 112 8 Vegetation Unit 6 194 3 Vegetation Unit 8 16 <1 Vegetation Unit 9 277 10 Vegetation Unit 10 235 23 Vegetation Unit 11 318 27 Cleared Land - 14 TOTAL 203

Table 5-2 Vegetation Units. The Project coincides with 9 vegetation units. The area of each vegetation unit recorded across the southern Koolyanobbing Range and within the Project area is identified. A description of each vegetation unit is provided in Figure 2-13b.

The flora surveys of the southern Koolyanobbing Range (Woodman 2014; Maia 2013) have been undertaken in accordance with the methodologies outlined within relevant EPA guidance statements. A copy of the flora surveys are provided on the compact disc appended to this Mining Proposal (refer to Section 9 References).

Rehabilitation of flora values is outlined in Section 7.2 Rehabilitation.

MANAGEMENT

Cliffs proposes to manage the potential environmental effects of the Project to flora values in accordance with: o Flora and Vegetation Management Plan (Cliffs 2016a, Attachment 7).

The Flora and Vegetation Management Plan outlines a range of environmental management actions to actively control and manage the potential environmental effects to flora values, including: o Implementation of management actions for avoiding and/or minimising the environmental effects to flora values of: o Land clearing, by: o Where practicable, positioning of mine infrastructure away from areas of flora and vegetation of listed conservation significance; o A Site Disturbance Permit process to control land clearing to within authorised areas; o Stripping and stockpiling of vegetation and topsoil/subsoil materials for subsequent use in progressive and post-mining land rehabilitation works;

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o Surface water drainage, by: o Mine planning of surface water drainage through containment and control measures (e.g. sumps, v-drains); o Introduced flora, by; o Weed monitoring and weed control (spraying); o Dust generation, by: o Dampening of cleared areas using groundwater to minimise the potential for dust generation; o Fire, by: o Fire control equipment (fire extinguishers) within mine vehicles; o Installation of fire breaks at selected locations between mine infrastructure and flora taxa of listed conservation significance; o Groundwater, by: o Containment and control measures (e.g. v-drains, bunding); o Daily inspection of groundwater infrastructure (pipelines and water carts); o Introduced fauna, by: o Control of introduced fauna (trapping and culling) which may potentially disturb flora taxa of listed conservation significance; o Collection of seed resources from local flora taxa, including ‘Rare Flora’ and DPaW-classified ‘priority’ flora taxa, for use in progressive and post-mining land rehabilitation works; o Environmental monitoring to measure the performance of the management actions against set performance targets and/or criteria, including: o Annual monitoring of ‘Rare Flora’ for plant condition, reproductive status and recruitment, including contingency actions should a decline be recorded; o Annual monitoring of vegetation condition at selected locations within 100m of mine operations, and at reference sites, including contingency actions should a decline be recorded; o Triennial monitoring of flora and vegetation within mine rehabilitation areas, and at reference sites, to measure performance against rehabilitation completion criteria; o Education and training of mine personnel on the flora values present and flora management, including: o Site inductions which include identification of the flora values present, with a particular focus on ‘Rare Flora’; o An incident reporting system to identify and communicate any inadvertent environmental effects to flora values; and o Reporting on the implementation of the Flora and Vegetation Management Plan, including reporting to DMP.

The Project is generally expected to have a low and manageable effect to flora values. Cliffs proposes to implement the Flora and Vegetation Management Plan to ensure the potential environmental effects of the Project to flora values are minimised and controlled to an acceptable level.

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To note, it is anticipated the assessment of the Project under the Environmental Protection Act 1986 (WA) will similarly recommend a requirement for a Flora and Vegetation Management Plan to be implemented. Any update to the Flora and Vegetation Management Plan (or a separate plan, if required by EPA) is expected to be consistent with the environmental management actions described above. As such, the environmental objective and outcomes for the control and management of potential effects to flora values will be maintained. The DMP will be informed as to any future update to the Flora and Vegetation Management Plan which may arise from the Environmental Protection Act 1986 (WA) assessment and approval processes.

To further note, as part of the environmental assessment and approval processes under the Environmental Protection Act 1986 (WA), Cliffs has proposed environmental offsets to restore individuals of Tetratheca erubescens to offset the individuals removed by mining (Cliffs 2016f). The proposed environmental offset will be agreed and managed through the Environmental Protection Act 1986 (WA) assessment and approval processes, in consultation with EPA. The restoration works are expected to target areas of suitable retained habitat beyond the Project area, including suitable unoccupied habitats as well as infill within existing occupied habitats.

5.4 Fauna

ASSESSMENT

As outlined by Section 3.7 Flora and Fauna, the Yilgarn Region contains a variety of vertebrate and invertebrate fauna taxa, supported by fauna habitats on both plains and ridges.

The Project will be implemented within an area of 203ha, comprising approximately 189ha of native vegetation and 14ha of cleared land. The native vegetation provides habitat for a variety of terrestrial native fauna taxa.

The fauna taxa of the southern Koolyanobbing Range includes 4 ‘Specially Protected Fauna’ taxa declared under the Wildlife Conservation Act 1950 (WA) (WA Minister for Environment 2015b) (of which 2 fauna taxa are also classified as either a ‘Threatened Species’ or ‘Migratory Species’ under Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (C’th) as per DEE (2016a, 2016b)) and 1 DPaW-classified ‘priority’ fauna taxon (DPaW 2014a).

The recorded locations of the fauna values at the southern Koolyanobbing Range are identified by Figures 2-15a to 2-15d.

Of the recorded fauna values of the southern Koolyanobbing Range, the Project coincides with records of: (a) Leipoa ocellata (Specially Protected Fauna / Threatened Species); (b) Merops ornatus (Specially Protected Fauna / Migratory Species); (c) Cacatua leadbeateri (Specially Protected Fauna);

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(d) Aganippe castellum (Priority 4); (e) Potential short-range endemic invertebrate fauna; (f) Troglobitic subterranean fauna; (g) Other native fauna taxa; and (h) Introduced fauna taxa.

To note with regards to the interpretation of the results for fauna taxa, as the fauna surveys have focused on the Project area (with conversely, a lesser focus on areas beyond the Project area), the distribution mapping of the fauna taxa bias towards a greater concentration and proportion occurring within the Project area (with conversely, a lesser concentration and proportion identified beyond of the Project area). This bias also arises for the regional fauna surveys that assist to provide contextual information as to their regional distributions.

An assessment of the potential environmental effect of the Project to fauna values is provided below.

Leipoa ocellata (Specially Protected Fauna / Threatened Species) -

Leipoa ocellata (Malleefowl) is a large and distinctive ground-dwelling bird which builds large nest-mounds on the ground made of leaf litter and soil materials (DEE 2014d). Leipoa ocellata has been recorded across all mainland states of Australia except Queensland, with an estimated 100,000 breeding individuals (Garnett and Crowley 2000 cited in DEE 2014d). Leipoa ocellata has been assessed as meeting the ‘Vulnerable’ category using the IUCN (2001) criteria due to a population size reduction (DEH 2007). Within Western Australia, DPaW (2016i) identifies Leipoa ocellata as having a linear distribution of approximately 1,400km, extending from Albany in the south and Shark Bay in the north, and eastwards to the border of South Australia.

Leipoa ocellata nest mounds are generally described as ‘active’ or ‘inactive’. The term ‘active’ is used to describe Leipoa ocellata nest mounds that exhibit characteristics associated with normal nesting activity (i.e. nest mounded up, litter trails leading to mound, extensive soil and litter disturbance, and/or birds seen actively digging) (Natural Heritage Trust c.2007). The term ‘inactive’ is used to describe Leipoa ocellata nest mounds that do not exhibit characteristics associated with normal nesting activity.

As identified by Figure 2-15a, a total of 34 Leipoa ocellata nest mounds have been recorded across the southern Koolyanobbing Range and its surrounds, occurring both within and outside the Project area, comprising 31 inactive nest mounds and 3 active nest mounds (Biota 2014a; Cliffs unpublished data).

Leipoa ocellata has also been recorded within the other areas of Cliffs’ Yilgarn Operations, including at the Windarling Range, Mt Jackson Range and the Deception Deposit. For context, the area of the Mt Jackson Range has been identified as key habitat for Leipoa ocellata, with more than 200 nest mounds recorded.

The Project does not coincide with any recently active Leipoa ocellata nest mounds. Accordingly, the Project is not expected to affect any live Leipoa ocellata individuals.

The Project coincides with 3 inactive Leipoa ocellata nest mounds; with these records indicating the presence of habitat potentially suitable for Leipoa ocellata foraging and nesting. Whilst the Project will result in an increase in the removal of fauna habitat at the southern Koolyanobbing Range, this represents only a small proportion of the potential nesting and foraging habitat available to Leipoa ocellata across the Koolyanobbing Range and the broader region.

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Table 5-3 identifies the number of Leipoa ocellata (nest mounds) coinciding with the Project, as well as contextual information regarding its local and regional distribution.

In consideration of the spatial area of the Project, having regard to the absence of active Leipoa ocellata nest mounds coinciding with the Project, and noting the distribution of this taxon across the southern Koolyanobbing Range and the broader region, the effect of the Project to Leipoa ocellata is not environmentally significant.

To note, the effect of the Project to Leipoa ocellata was previously considered by DEE under the provisions of the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Act 1999 (C’th), with DEE determining the Project was unlikely to have a significant environmental effect to this taxon (Cliffs 2014c; DEE 2014c).

Merops ornatus (Specially Protected Fauna / Migratory Species) -

Merops ornatus (Rainbow Bee-eater) is medium-sized bird coloured green or blue-green on the forehead and chestnut on the back of the head, and is the only bee-eater in Australia (DEE 2014e). DPaW (2016j) identifies Merops ornatus as occurring throughout Western Australia, with a linear distribution of approximately 2,500km, extending from Albany in the south to near Kununurra in the north, and eastwards to the border of South Australia. Globally, Merops ornatus is also resident to Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands and Timor-Leste, and vagrant to Japan, Taiwan and China (Birdlife International 2012 cited in IUCN 2014a). The conservation status of Merops ornatus has been assessed as of ‘Least Concern’ (i.e. not threatened) (Birdlife International 2012 cited in IUCN 2014a).

As identified by Figure 2-15a, Merops ornatus has been recorded across the length of the southern Koolyanobbing Range, both within and outside of the Project area (Biota 2014a; BCE c.2009). The Project coincides with 3 records of Merops ornatus at the southern Koolyanobbing Range.

Merops ornatus has also been recorded locally in fauna surveys in the vicinity of the Helena and Aurora Range, Mt Jackson Range, Mt Finnerty Range, Perrinvale Range, Windarling Range, Die Hardy Range and Mt Elvire (DPaW 2014j). Merops ornatus has been recorded making nests within stockpiled topsoil along Cliffs’ existing haul roads (pers. com. J Shepherdson, Cliffs’ Environmental Superintendent, June 2014).

The records (sightings) from within the Project area indicate Merops ornatus to be a visitor (non-resident) to the area during the survey period. In consideration of the mobility of this taxon, a direct effect to live individuals of Merops ornatus is not expected.

The records of Merops ornatus at the southern Koolyanobbing Range indicate the presence of habitat potentially suitable for Merops ornatus foraging and nesting. Whilst the Project will result in an increase in the removal of fauna habitat at the southern Koolyanobbing Range, this represents only a small proportion of the nesting and foraging habitat available to Merops ornatus across the Koolyanobbing Range and the broader region.

Table 5-3 identifies the number of Merops ornatus records (sightings) coinciding with the Project, as well as contextual information regarding its local and regional distribution.

In consideration of the spatial area of the Project, and having regard to the distribution of this taxon across the southern Koolyanobbing Range and the broader region, the effect of the Project to Merops ornatus is not environmentally significant.

To note, the effect of the Project to Merops ornatus was previously considered by DEE under the provisions of the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Act 1999 (C’th), with

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DEE determining the Project was unlikely to have a significant environmental effect to this taxon (Cliffs 2014c; DEE 2014c).

Cacatua leadbeateri (Specially Protected Fauna) -

Cacatua leadbeateri (Major Mitchell’s Cockatoo) is a small cockatoo with a salmon-pink face and underparts, and with a white and scarlet (red-pink) forward curving crest (WAZA 2014). DPaW (2016k) identifies Cacatua leadbeateri as having a linear distribution of approximately 1,500km, extending from the western coast of Western Australia to the border of South Australia. The broader distribution of Cacatua leadbeateri includes South Australia, Northern Territory, Queensland, New South Wales and Victoria (IUCN 2014b). The conservation status of Cacatua leadbeateri has been assessed as of ‘Least Concern’ (i.e. not threatened) (Birdlife International 2012 cited in IUCN 2014c).

As identified by Figure 2-15a, Cacatua leadbeateri was recorded across the length of the southern Koolyanobbing Range, both within and outside of the Project area (Biota 2014a; BCE c.2009). The Project coincides with 5 records of Cacatua leadbeateri.

Cacatua leadbeateri has also been recorded locally in fauna surveys near the Helena and Aurora Range, Mt Jackson Range and the Windarling Range (BCE 2010; DPaW 2016k; Ecologia 2001, 2013).

The records (sighting) from within the Project area indicate Cacatua leadbeateri to be a visitor (non-resident) to the area during the survey period. In consideration of the mobility of this taxon, a direct effect to live individuals of Cacatua leadbeateri is not expected.

The records of Cacatua leadbeateri at the southern Koolyanobbing Range indicates the presence of habitat potentially suitable for Cacatua leadbeateri foraging and nesting. Whilst the Project will result in an increase in the removal of fauna habitat at the southern Koolyanobbing Range, this represents only a small proportion of the nesting and foraging habitat available to Cacatua leadbeateri across the Koolyanobbing Range and the broader region.

Table 5-3 identifies the number of Cacatua leadbeateri records (sightings) coinciding with the Project, as well as contextual information regarding its local and regional distribution.

Aganippe castellum (P4) -

Aganippe castellum (Tree-stem Trapdoor Spider) is a medium-sized trapdoor spider which builds its nest below-ground with an aerial, webbed tube extending up against the base of a tree or shrub. Clusters of twig lines from the aerial tube drape to the ground and surround the nest, with the twig lines directing foraging prey (mainly ants) past the opening of the nest (Main 1983 and 1986 cited in Russell 2008). DPaW (2016l) identifies Aganippe castellum as having a recorded linear distribution of approximately 450km, extending from near Morawa (east of Geraldton) to the south of Southern Cross. Locally, Aganippe castellum has been recorded at the Koolyanobbing Range (north and south), Mt Jackson Range, Helena and Aurora Range, and the Die Hardy Range (Cliffs 2010). BCE (2009b) estimated the Aganippe castellum population at the Mt Jackson Range to be approximately 200,000 individuals.

As identified by Figure 2-15b, Aganippe castellum has been recorded across the length of the southern Koolyanobbing Range, both within and outside of the Project area

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(BCE 2009a; Biota 2012). Approximately 450 Aganippe castellum burrows have been recorded across the southern Koolyanobbing Range through transects and opportunistic searches, however, this taxon is undoubtedly more abundant than the current transect and opportunistic records would indicate, with BCE (2009a) conservatively estimating the population at the southern Koolyanobbing Range at approximately 44,000 individuals.

The Project coincides with 9 records for Aganippe castellum, however, in consideration of the estimated total population, the expected direct effect to Aganippe castellum individuals can be expected to be greater than the current transect and opportunistic records indicate.

Whilst the Project will result in an increase in the removal of Aganippe castellum individuals and its habitat at the southern Koolyanobbing Range, this is likely to represent only a small proportion of the individuals and habitat available to Aganippe castellum across the Koolyanobbing Range and the broader region.

Table 5-3 identifies the number of Aganippe castellum burrows coinciding with the Project, as well as contextual information regarding its local and regional distribution.

In consideration of the effect of the Project to Aganippe castellum (>9 individuals), and having regard to the recorded distribution and expected population of this taxon across the southern Koolyanobbing Range (44,000 individuals) and the broader region (>200,000 individuals), the effect of the Project to Aganippe castellum is not environmentally significant.

Table 5-3 Fauna Taxa. The Project coincides with records of the ‘Specially Protected Fauna’ taxa Leipoa ocellata (SP), Merops ornatus (SP) and Cacatua leadbeateri (SP), and burrows of the DPaW- classified ‘priority’ fauna taxon Aganippe castellum (P4). The number of records of each taxon recorded within the Project area, across the Koolyanobbing Range and across the broader region is identified. The inset images identify the regional distribution of each taxon. Images: adapted from DPaW (2016i, 2016j, 2016k, 2016l).

Leipoa ocellata (SP) Project Area 3 (3 inactive nest mounds, Nil live individuals) Koolyanobbing Range 34 (31 inactive nest mounds, 3 active nest mounds) Regional Distribution 100,000

Leipoa ocellata has been recorded across all mainland states of Australia, except Queensland. Within Western Australia, Leipoa ocellata has a regional distribution of approximately 1,400km, extending from Albany in the south and Shark Bay in the north, and eastwards to the border of South Australia.

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Merops ornatus (SP) Project Area 3 (observation, non-resident) Koolyanobbing Range Not recorded Regional Distribution Not recorded

Merops ornatus is resident to Australia, Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands and Timor-Leste, and vagrant to Japan, Taiwan and China. Within Western Australia, Merops ornatus has a regional distribution of approximately 2,500km, extending from Albany in the south to near Kununurra in the north, and eastwards to the border of South Australia. Locally, Merops ornatus has also been recorded in the vicinity of the Helena and Aurora Range, Mt Jackson Range, Mt Finnerty Range, Perrinvale Range, Windarling Range, Die Hardy Range

and Mt Elvire. Cacatua leadbeateri (SP) Project Area 5 (observation, non-resident) Koolyanobbing Range Not recorded Regional Distribution Not recorded

Cacatua leadbeateri has been recorded occurs in Western Australia, South Australia, Northern Territory, Queensland, New South Wales and Victoria. Within Western Australia, Cacatua leadbeateri has a regional distribution of approximately 1,500km, extending from the western coast of Western Australia to the border of South Australia.

Aganippe castellum (P4) Project Area >9 Koolyanobbing Range 44,000 Regional Distribution >200,000

Aganippe castellum has a regional distribution of approximately 450km, extending from near Three Springs (east of Geraldton) to the south of Southern Cross with local records including the Helena & Aurora Range, Die Hardy Range, Windarling Range, Mt Jackson Range, Johnston Range and the Koolyanobbing Range.

Potential Short-Range Endemic Invertebrate Fauna -

Surveys for potential short-range endemic invertebrate fauna undertaken at the southern Koolyanobbing Range identified a variety of taxa comprising mygalomorph spiders, millipedes and a snail (Biota 2012, 2014b). None of the potential short-range endemic invertebrate fauna taxa recorded are of listed conservation significance.

As identified by Figure 2-15c, all millipede taxa and the snail taxa recorded within the Project area were also recorded elsewhere across the southern Koolyanobbing Range.

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Accordingly, this distribution supports an expectation that the Project is unlikely to result in a significant environmental effect to the millipede or snail taxa.

As identified by Figure 2-15c, most of the mygalomorph spider taxa were recorded both within and outside of the Project area, which indicates connectivity of habitat for mygalomorph spider taxa between the Project area and beyond. Accordingly, this distribution supports an expectation that the Project is unlikely to result in a significant environmental effect to the mygalomorph spider taxa. Whilst noting the a number of mygalomorph spider taxa were recorded only from within the Project area, as outlined by Biota (2014b), based on previous mygalomorph spider surveys such taxa are likely to have distribution at least across the length of the Koolyanobbing Range (for those taxa restricted to rocky habitats), with the distributions likely to be much broader for the taxa occupying the adjacent plain habitats. Based on the conclusions of Biota (2014b), it can be expected that further sampling would record these mygalomorph spider taxa beyond the Project area; with the apparent restriction an artefact of the sampling locations (i.e. the proportion of sampling locations within the Project area) and chance events (i.e. likelihood of recording an a particular taxa within any day/time).

Subterranean Fauna -

Surveys for troglobitic subterranean fauna undertaken at the southern Koolyanobbing Range identified a variety of taxa comprising spiders, pseudoscorpions, crustaceans and myriapods (millipedes) (Bennelongia 2008, 2014). None of the troglobitic subterranean fauna taxa recorded are of listed conservation significance. The southern Koolyanobbing Range has a diverse community of troglobitic subterranean fauna compared to other studied areas in the Yilgarn Region, however, with a commonality of the Order of Isopoda being the dominant group (Bennelongia 2014).

As identified by Figure 2-15d, of the 26 putative taxa recorded at the southern Koolyanobbing Range, 17 taxa were recorded within the Project area. Of these 17 taxa, 8 taxa were recorded only from within the Project area. The remaining 9 taxa were recorded elsewhere across the southern Koolyanobbing Range and/or recorded from other ranges in the broader Yilgarn Region.

Whilst noting a number of troglobitic subterranean fauna taxa were recorded only from within the Project area, as outlined by Bennelongia (2014), based on the continuity of habitat and the wide range of some taxa, it is likely that such taxa will have the wider ranges exhibited by related taxa and will occur at least across the length of the southern Koolyanobbing Range; with the apparent restriction an artefact of the sampling locations (i.e. proportion of sampling locations within the Project area) and chance events (i.e. likelihood of recording an a particular taxa within any day/time). Based on the conclusions of Bennelongia (2014), it can be expected that further sampling would record these troglobitic subterranean fauna taxa beyond the Project area.

In consideration of the effect of the Project to subterranean fauna, and having regard to their recorded and expected distributions across the southern Koolyanobbing Range and the broader region, the effect of the Project to subterranean fauna is not environmentally significant.

Other Native Fauna Taxa -

Fauna surveys recorded approximately 150 native fauna taxa across the southern Koolyanobbing Range (BCE 2009a, c.2009; Bennelongia 2008, 2014; Biota 2012, 2014a, 2014b). Accordingly, the Project can be expected to affect a variety of other native fauna taxa in addition to the fauna taxa and fauna groups outlined above.

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These other native fauna taxa are not of listed conservation significance due to their population sizes and broad regional distributions. In this context, the effect of the Project to other native fauna taxa is not expected to be environmentally significant.

Introduced Fauna Taxa -

Fauna surveys recorded a number of introduced fauna taxa across the southern Koolyanobbing Range, including the European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) and the house mouse (Mus musculus) (BCE c.2009; Biota 2014a). The effect of the Project to introduced fauna is not environmentally significant, and can be managed in accordance with standard fauna management controls.

The fauna surveys of the southern Koolyanobbing Range (BCE 2009a, c.2009; Bennelongia 2008, 2014; Biota 2012, 2014a, 2014b) were undertaken in accordance with the methodologies outlined in relevant EPA guidance statements. A copy of the fauna surveys are provided on the compact disc appended to this Mining Proposal (refer to Section 9 References).

MANAGEMENT

Cliffs proposes to manage the potential environmental effects of the Project to fauna values in accordance with: o Fauna Management Plan (Cliffs 2016b, Attachment 8).

The Fauna Management Plan outlines a range of environmental management actions to actively control and manage the potential environmental effects to fauna values, including: o Implementation of management actions for avoiding and/or minimising the environmental effects to fauna values of: o Land clearing, by: o Where practicable, positioning of mine infrastructure away from areas of listed conservation significant fauna and their habitat; o A Site Disturbance Permit process to control land clearing to within authorised areas; o Stripping and stockpiling of vegetation and topsoil/subsoil materials for subsequent use in progressive and post-mining land rehabilitation works that seek to re-establish fauna habitat; o Surface water drainage, by: o Mine planning of surface water drainage through containment and control measures (e.g. sumps, v-drains) to control surface water flows which may affect fauna habitat; o Introduced flora, by; o Weed monitoring and weed control (spraying) to manage introduced flora taxa which may affect fauna habitat;

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o Dust generation, by: o Dampening of cleared areas using groundwater to minimise the potential for dust generation which may affect fauna habitat; o Fire, by: o Fire control equipment (fire extinguishers) within mine vehicles, for the control of any small fires which may affect fauna habitat; o Groundwater, by: o Containment and control measures (e.g. v-drains, bunding) to control surface water flows which may affect fauna habitat; o Daily inspection of groundwater infrastructure (pipelines and water carts) to minimise the risk of inadvertent water flow to fauna habitat; o Introduced fauna, by: o Control of introduced fauna taxa (trapping and culling) which may potentially affect native fauna taxa through predation or alteration of fauna habitat (e.g. trampling); o Recording sightings of fauna taxa of listed conservation significance; o Annual monitoring of the ‘Specially Protected Fauna’ taxa Leipoa ocellata nesting/breeding activity in the vicinity of mine operations; o Management of mine vehicle speeds to minimise the risk of collision with fauna; o Prohibition of pets and firearms within all mine operations; o Education and training of mine personnel on the fauna values present and fauna management, including: o Site inductions which include identification of the fauna values present, with a particular focus on Specially Protected Fauna; o An incident reporting system to identify and communicate any inadvertent environmental effects to fauna values; and o Reporting on the implementation of the Fauna Management Plan, including reporting to DMP.

The Project is expected to have a low and manageable environmental effect to fauna values. Cliffs proposes to implement the Fauna Management Plan to ensure the potential environmental effects of the Project to fauna values are minimised and controlled to an acceptable level.

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5.5 Topsoil and Soil Profiles

DMP (2006) Guideline: Topsoil and Soil Profiles o The effective and appropriate re-use of topsoil and other material such as subsoil is essential in achieving a successful and timely rehabilitation outcome. Topsoil should be viewed as a strategic resource that, if properly salvaged, preserved and respread, can significantly reduce revegetation timeframes and hence expedite bond returns. A topsoil management plan must be submitted within the mining proposal and should outline: o Topsoil and subsoil characteristics in relation to plant growth. o Harvestable topsoil and subsoil volumes, stockpile dimensions and location on mine site plans. o Estimated volumes (with profile distributions) of topsoils and other subsoil materials required for closure rehabilitation and decommissioning. o Redeployment objectives and timeframes. Direct topsoil return is recommended wherever possible. o Harvest and preservation methodologies (isolation from mining operations, fencing and signage, biological longevity, contamination minimisation and weed control etc). o Proposed field trials (re-spreading depth, ripping or scarification treatments, nutrient requirements, substrate structural requirements to bed in topsoil and minimise rilling etc.). These trials should commence as soon as practicable. o It is recommended that topsoil and subsoil analysis is undertaken in conjunction with growth trials to ensure that redeployed soils and recreated soil profiles supports germination and plant growth (some soils when respread may inhibit germination). If topsoil is unsuitable then alternative materials such as subsoil lateritic material should be assessed as a topsoil replacement.

ASSESSMENT

As outlined by Section 3.4 Soils and Soil Profiles, field investigations of soils (MWH 2015) identified 3 soil management units within the Project area comprising ‘top of ridgeline’ of sandy clay loams, ‘mid-lower slope’ of clay loam to sandy clay, and ‘lower slope, undulating’ of sandy loam and sandy clay loam. Generally, the soils were classified as having a high coarse rock fragment content, moderately rapid hydraulic conductivity, non-saline, pH neutral and non-sodic; indicating a low inherent erodibility and suitable for use in mine rehabilitation works.

A copy of the soil characterisation report (MWH 2015) is provided on the compact disc appended to this Mining Proposal (refer to Section 9 References).

MANAGEMENT

Development of the Project is not expected to result in a significant environmental effect to topsoil or soil profiles. Consistent with Cliffs’ current mining practices, recoverable topsoil/subsoil materials will be removed and temporarily stockpiled for subsequent use in progressive and post- mining rehabilitation works. The use of topsoil/subsoils in rehabilitation works is outlined in Section 7.2 Rehabilitation.

Where possible, the topsoil/subsoils generated from the Project may be used directly in rehabilitation of existing cleared areas at the southern Koolyanobbing Range to minimise the need for the clearing of land areas for the stockpiling. The direct use of topsoil may also assist to minimise any loss of seed viability and soil structure which can occur during long-term stockpiling.

The Project is expected to have a low and manageable environmental effect to topsoil and soil profiles. Implementation of Cliffs’ standard mining practices to recover topsoil/subsoil materials for subsequent use in progressive and post-mining rehabilitation is expected to ensure the potential environmental effects of the Project to topsoil and soil profiles are appropriately managed.

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5.6 Domestic and Industrial Waste Products

DMP (2006) Guideline: Domestic and Industrial Waste Products o Describe the management of all domestic and industrial wastes including hydrocarbons. Any recycling, waste minimisation or stewardship initiatives should be included.

ASSESSMENT

Domestic wastes will be produced from within the Support Infrastructure area, predominantly from the mine administration facilities. Industrial wastes will be produced from within the Support Infrastructure area from the workshop and maintenance facilities, equipment storage facilities, hydrocarbon and chemical and explosives storage facilities, water treatment facility, wastewater treatment facility and power generation facilities. These domestic and industrial wastes will require management to ensure appropriate disposal, recycling or reuse.

Further to the above, industrial wastes that are classified as ‘controlled wastes’ are also required to be licensed for transport and disposal in accordance with the Environmental Protection (Controlled Wastes) Regulations 2004 (WA). A significant environmental effect from industrial wastes is not expected where they are transported and disposed in accordance with this legislation.

MANAGEMENT

Cliffs’ approved mine operations recycle a variety of wastes (including steel, hydrocarbons and batteries) to minimise landfill disposal. Steel, hydrocarbons and battery wastes from the Project will be recycled, reused or otherwise disposed of in accordance with Cliffs’ current management practices.

As outlined by Section 4.2 Mining Operations, and consistent with Cliffs’ approved mine operations, the Waste Rock Landform may incorporate a landfill for the disposal of inert wastes and putrescible wastes. The landfill will be subject to an amendment to the Licence 5850 approval (DER 2016) to include the Waste Rock Landform under Category 64 ‘Class II or III Putrescible Landfill Site’, to be regulated by DER. The volume of waste to be disposed of to the landfill is expected to be proportionally similar to Cliffs’ approved mine operations. The waste will be isolated within the Waste Rock Landform and not placed within 10m of the edge of any batter edge to prevent any potential for long-term exposure of the waste.

Cliffs will transport and dispose of industrial wastes that are classified as controlled wastes in accordance with the Environmental Protection (Controlled Wastes) Regulations 2004 (WA), as regulated by DER. As a significant environmental effect from industrial wastes is not expected where they are transported and disposed in accordance with this legislation, a significant environmental effect from industrial wastes for the Project is not expected.

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5.7 Waste Rock and Tailings Management DMP (2006) Guideline: Waste Rock and Tailings Management o The mining proposal should clearly outline methods to manage and rehabilitate waste rock and tailings. Management strategies should be based on material characteristics, encapsulation of hostile materials, designing long term stability, visual amenity (aesthetic revegetated landforms) and the integration of final outcomes (closure planning) into daily mining operations. Provide cross section diagrams showing final design concepts.

ASSESSMENT – WASTE ROCK

As outlined by Section 3.3 Characterisation of Waste Rock and Tailings, an estimated 14Mt of waste rock to be excavated from the Mine Pits will be disposed of to the Waste Rock Landform. Geochemical characterisation has identified the majority of the waste rock (79%) has been classified as non-acid forming (NAF, S = ≤0.1%). A limited mass (6%) of the waste rock was identified as potentially acid-forming (PAF, S= ≥0.1%), with a limited mass (15%) classified as uncertain (UC, which may or may not be acid-forming). The waste rock was assessed as presenting a low-risk of metalliferous drainage and having low salinity. A copy of the geochemical characterisation report (SRK 2015) is provided on the compact disc appended to this Mining Proposal (refer to Section 9 References).

Previous investigations of the geochemistry of the iron ore deposits of the southern Koolyanobbing Range (SWC 2009, 2010, 2011a, 2011b, 2011c, 2014) have similarly identified the presence of a limited volume of PAF waste rock. The outcomes of these investigations, comprising both static and kinetic testing methods, identified the waste rock could be adequately managed through a co-mingling approach (i.e. without the need for specialised treatment or containment cells). To date, the approved Koolyanobbing Range mine operations have not indicated any visual signs of acid or metalliferous drainage from the waste rock landforms; indicating the management actions applied have been successful in isolating and containing any risk of acid and metalliferous drainage.

ASSESSMENT - TAILINGS

The Project does not involve the production or storage of tailings. Accordingly, an assessment of tailings in relation to the Project is not necessary.

MANAGEMENT – WASTE ROCK

As identified by Figure 2-9, the outer 5m of the Waste Rock Landform will be constructed of NAF waste rock in order to effectively contain and isolate the co-mingled waste rock from the surrounding environment.

As identified above, to date the approved Koolyanobbing Range mine operations have not indicated any visual signs of acid or metalliferous drainage from the waste rock landforms; indicating the management actions applied have been successful in isolating and containing any risk of acid and metalliferous drainage.

Rehabilitation of the Waste Rock Landform is outlined in Section 7.2 Rehabilitation.

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MANAGEMENT - TAILINGS

The Project does not involve the production or storage of tailings. Accordingly, identification of management actions for tailings in relation to the Project is not necessary.

5.8 Hydrocarbon Management

DMP (2006) Guideline: Hydrocarbon Management o Provide details on all aspects of hydrocarbon management across the entire site. Particular reference must be made to diesel spillage containment and leakage detection systems at vehicle refuelling bays. All underground hydrocarbon pipelines must be clearly marked on site plans with rupture and / or leakage detection systems described.

ASSESSMENT

As outlined by Section 4.2 Mining Operations, the Support Infrastructure components may include workshop and maintenance facilities, hydrocarbon storage facilities and power generation facilities. These facilities will require the use of hydrocarbons, predominantly being in the form of diesel fuel and lubricating oils. The volume of hydrocarbons required for use and storage for the Project is currently unknown, however, is expected to be consistent with the volumes currently used and stored at Cliffs’ approved Koolyanobbing Range mine operations.

Hydrocarbons are required to be transported, stored and managed in accordance with the requirements and specifications of the Dangerous Goods Safety Act 2004 (WA) and the Dangerous Goods Safety (Storage and Handling of Non-Explosives) Regulations 2007 (WA), as regulated by DMP. A significant environmental effect from hydrocarbons is not expected where they are transported, stored and managed in accordance with this legislation.

MANAGEMENT

Hydrocarbons will be transported, stored and managed in accordance with the requirements and specifications of the Dangerous Goods Safety Act 2004 (WA) and the Dangerous Goods Safety (Storage and Handling of Non-Explosives) Regulations 2007 (WA), as regulated by DMP. As a significant environmental effect from hydrocarbons is not expected where they are transported, stored and managed in accordance with this legislation, a significant environmental effect from hydrocarbons for the Project is not expected.

5.9 Dangerous Goods and Hazardous Substances

DMP (2006) Guideline: Dangerous Goods and Hazardous Substances o Describe the storage, transportation and handling of all dangerous goods and other hazardous substances (including radioactive materials and hazardous waste). Details should include reference to any related government approvals such as those required under the Explosives and Dangerous Goods Act 1961. o The Contaminated Sites Act 2003 is likely to come into effect during mid 2006. Under the Contaminated Sites Act legislation, it is mandatory to report known or suspected contaminated sites. Pre-existing contaminated sites or proposed contaminated sites should be described in the mining proposal and located on the site layout plan. Failure to report a contaminated site risks maximum fines of $250 000 for an individual or $1.25 million for a company. o The DEC Contaminated Sites Committee may require site remediation for uncontrolled and potentially dangerous contaminated sites. Further information can be found at: http://portal.environment.wa.gov.au/ls/portal/url/lTEM/DE8462AD7CAC0CEDE03010AC6E054A96

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ASSESSMENT

As outlined by Section 4.2 Mining Operations, the Support Infrastructure components may include facilities for the storage of hydrocarbons, chemicals and explosives. Dangerous goods and hazardous substances (which include hydrocarbons, chemicals and explosives) are required to be transported, stored and managed in accordance with the requirements and specifications of the Dangerous Goods Safety Act 2004 (WA), Dangerous Goods Safety (Storage and Handling of Non Explosives) Regulations 2007 (WA) and the Dangerous Goods (Explosives) Regulations 2007 (WA), as regulated by DMP. A significant environmental effect from dangerous goods and hazardous substances is not expected where they are transported, stored and managed in accordance with this legislation.

The Contaminated Sites Act 2003 (WA) is not relevant as there is no record of contamination within the Project area.

MANAGEMENT

Dangerous goods and hazardous substances will be transported, stored and managed in accordance with the requirements and specifications of the Dangerous Goods Safety Act 2004 (WA), Dangerous Goods Safety (Storage and Handling of Non-Explosives) Regulations 2007 (WA) and the Dangerous Goods (Explosives) Regulations 2007 (WA), as regulated by DMP. As a significant environmental effect from dangerous goods and hazardous substances is not expected where they are transported, stored and managed in accordance with this legislation, a significant environmental effect from dangerous goods and hazardous substances for the Project is not expected.

5.10 Atmospheric Pollution and Noise

DMP (2006) Guideline: Atmospheric Pollution and Noise o Describe potential sources of dust, fumes or gases and proposed control methods for all phases of the operation. Include details of any licences required, emission standards to be met and the company’s proposed methods of measuring these discharges. o Describe the potential and predicted impacts from the mining proposal in relation to the emission of noise and dust on environmental values including flora, fauna, human health and amenity. o Outline noise control procedures for the various aspects of the project. Occupational noise levels and community or environmental levels should be stated. Proponents should be aware of the Environmental Protection (Noise) Regulations 1997 under the Environmental Protection Act, and include statement that the operation will comply with these regulations, as applicable.

ASSESSMENT

Mining is inherently a dust generating activity due to the need for blasting, excavation, loading and transport of ore and waste rock. Dust may also be generated by wind over areas of cleared land. There are no recorded emission standards for dust generated from mine operations. Whilst dust cannot be eliminated from mine operations completely, practicable management actions can be implemented to minimise dust generation, and its potential effects, to an acceptable level.

Flora has been documented as a dust receptor due to the potential for dust to settle on flora, which in turn, may reduce the intensity of light required for plant photosynthesis, influence gaseous exchange required for plant respiration, increase leaf temperature and/or increase plant

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transpiration (Farmer 1993; Hirano et al. 1995). Monitoring of the potential effects of dust at Cliffs’ Windarling Range mine operations have not indicated a significant effect to the adjacent flora (Cliffs 2014e; Matsuki et al. 2016). Dust generated by the Project is similarly not expected to result in a significant effect to the adjacent flora.

Fauna are not generally considered a dust receptor given their ability to move away from dust sources. Accordingly, an assessment of the potential for an effect of dust to fauna is not necessary.

There are no occupied residences in the vicinity of the Project which could be affected by dust emissions. Accordingly, an assessment of the potential for an effect of dust to human health or amenity is not necessary.

There are no significant atmospheric emissions of noise, fumes or gasses expected from the Project. Accordingly, an assessment of the potential for an effect from other air emissions is not necessary.

MANAGEMENT

Cliffs proposes to manage the potential environmental effects of dust emissions to flora values in accordance with: o Flora and Vegetation Management Plan (Cliffs 2016a, Attachment 7).

The Flora and Vegetation Management Plan outlines a range of environmental management actions that seek to actively control and manage the potential environmental effects to flora values, which in relation to the management of dust emissions include: o Implementation of management actions for avoiding and/or minimising the environmental effects to flora values of: o Dust generation, by: o Dampening of cleared areas using groundwater to minimise the potential for dust generation; o Environmental monitoring to measure the performance of the management actions against set performance targets and/or criteria, including: o Annual monitoring of ‘Rare Flora’ for health condition, reproductive status and recruitment, including contingency actions should a decline be recorded; and o Annual monitoring of vegetation condition at selected locations within 100m of mine operations, and at reference sites, including contingency actions should a decline be recorded; o Education and training of mine personnel on the flora values present and flora management, including: o Site inductions which include identification of the flora values present, with a particular focus on ‘Rare Flora’; and

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o An incident reporting system to identify and communicate any inadvertent environmental effects to flora values; o Reporting on the implementation of the Flora and Vegetation Management Plan, including reporting to DMP.

The Project is expected to have a low and manageable environmental effect to flora values from dust emissions. Cliffs proposes to implement the Flora and Vegetation Management Plan to ensure the potential for an environmental effect to flora values from dust emissions is minimised and controlled to an acceptable level.

There are no other atmospheric emissions of noise, fumes or gasses expected from the Project. Accordingly, identification of management actions for other atmospheric emissions is not necessary.

All atmospheric emissions from the Project are expected to comply with applicable standard(s) and/or statutory requirement(s).

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6 Social Assessment

6.1 Heritage

DMP (2006) Guideline: Heritage o Proponents need to be aware that their proposed operation may impact upon a place listed in a town planning scheme, or a place or object of heritage significance within the meaning of Aboriginal Heritage Act 1972, the Heritage of Western Australia Act 1990, the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (Commonwealth). If the proposal may impact on any of these, the mining proposal should include information on the place or object and the arrangements put in place with the relevant government agency to deal with the impacts. o Refer to the Heritage Council of Western Australia guidelines for historical mining areas: http://www.doir.wa.gov.au/documents/environment/Shed env guide ConserveHeritage.pdf

ABORIGINAL HERITAGE ACT 1972 (WA)

The Aboriginal Heritage Act 1972 (WA) is the principal legislation regarding the identification and protection of Aboriginal heritage sites and objects in Western Australia, and is regulated by DAA.

As identified by Figure 2-16 and outlined by Section 3.8 Social Environment, the Project does not coincide with any ‘Registered Site’ of Aboriginal heritage under the Aboriginal Heritage Act 1972 (WA), or coincide with any ‘other heritage place’ data record (DAA 2015a, 2015b, 2015c, 2015d).

To note, Cliffs has been granted s18 Consent under the Aboriginal Heritage Act 1972 (WA) to undertake mining for its Yilgarn Operations (WA Minister for Aboriginal Affairs 2003), with this s18 Consent including Mining Leases M77/989-I and M77/990-I on which part of the Project is situated.

HERITAGE OF WESTERN AUSTRALIA ACT 1990 (WA)

The Heritage of Western Australia Act 1990 (WA) provides for a State Register of Heritage Places, which is maintained by HCWA.

As outlined by Section 3.8 Social Environment, the Project does not coincide with any record on the State Register of Heritage Places under the Heritage of Western Australia Act 1990 (WA) (HCWA 2015).

ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION AND BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION ACT 1999 (C’th)

The Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (C’th) provides for a National Heritage List, which is maintained by DEE.

The Project does not coincide with any record on the National Heritage List maintained under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (C’th) (DEE 2016c).

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6.2 Land Use and Community

DMP (2006) Guideline: Land Use and Community o The mining proposal should detail the impact on other land occupiers in the vicinity of the mining proposal, such as pastoralists, Shires, owners of reserves (DEC), private land owners, local community members, recreational groups and Aboriginal communities. Any agreements reached with important stakeholders should be acknowledged and copies included in the mining proposal. Adequate time needs to be provided for community consultation. Issues of cultural sensitivity should be handled carefully and thoughtfully. DMP has produced two documents which provide practical guidance for companies interacting with Aboriginal communities. o Guidelines for Consultation with Indigenous People, available at http://www.doir.wa.gov.au/documents/mineralsandpetroleum/ConsultationGuidelines.pdf o Working with Aboriginal Communities: A Practical Approach (2001), available at http://www.doir.wa.gov.au/documents/mineralsandpetroleum/WorkingWthAbComs2.pdf o Information regarding mining and pastoral interactions is provided in Information Series Pamphlet No 5, available at: http://www.doir.wa.gov.au/documents/mineralsandpetroleum/info5.pdf o The mining proposal must contain a summary of the stakeholders that have been consulted and the outcomes of consultation (issues, resolutions etc). In some cases, a copy of the mining proposal should be provided to appropriate stakeholders. o In the case of local government, DMP requires that the proponent provides notification and a copy of the mining proposal to the local authority prior to project commencement. Local government may then seek to have any concerns addressed or issues resolved by: o Approaching the proponent and DMP (using DMP’s land access officers) to seek resolution, clarification and agreement on outstanding issues. o If not already referred to the EPA, referring the mining proposal to the EPA under section 38 of the Environmental Protection Act.

LAND USE

As outlined by Section 3.8 Social Environment, the Project is located within Mining Leases M77/607-I, M77/989-I, M77/990-I and M77/1278-I granted to Cliffs under the Mining Act 1978 (WA). These Mining Leases form part of the broader suite of tenements held by Cliffs across the southern Koolyanobbing Range. As outlined by Section 2.4 History, mining and mineral exploration has occurred at the southern Koolyanobbing Range for more than 60 years.

The Mining Leases overlie Unallocated Crown Land under the Land Administration Act 1997 (WA), vested with DoL. The land tenure reverted to Unallocated Crown Land in July 2015 following the expiry of the Brontie Pastoral Lease formerly held by the Della Bosca family of Southern Cross. The Brontie Pastoral Lease covered a spatial area of approximately 80,000ha, on which low intensity grazing occurred since its establishment in 1967. The area of the southern Koolyanobbing Range within the broader Brontie Pastoral Lease was not recently in active use for pastoral activities (pers. com. W Della Bosca to S Hawkins, September 2014).

As outlined by Section 3.8 Social Environment, the Project does not coincide with any area of registered or determined area of Native Title under the Native Title Act 1993 (C’th) (NNTT 2016a, 2016b, 2016c).

STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATION

Stakeholder consultation is an integral component of Cliffs’ planning, assessment and development processes. During the planning and assessment for the Project, Cliffs has consulted with a range of key stakeholders from both Government and community sectors. A summary of these consultations are provided below.

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The consultations were undertaken in the form of meetings and written correspondence, during which Cliffs identified the Project, studies and investigations undertaken, anticipated environmental effects, and the proposed environmental management approach.

Government agencies and the community have provided a variety of views on the Project. These stakeholder views have been considered by Cliffs in the development of the Project, and in the information presented within this Mining Proposal.

Consultation with the key Government agencies for the Project, being DMP, EPA and DPaW, will be ongoing during implementation of the Project through the annual reporting provisions and site inspections under the statutory approvals managed by the agencies. Consultation with the community during implementation of the Project will continue through the existing framework of Cliffs’ Community Consultation Group.

GOVERNMENT CONSULTATION

DEPARTMENT OF MINES AND PETROLEUM

As outlined by Section 4.9 Compliance with Legislation and Other Approvals, the Project will be subject to an environmental and mining assessment by DMP of a Mining Proposal under s82A(2) of the Mining Act 1978 (WA). Accordingly, DMP is a stakeholder for the Project.

In March 2013, a meeting was held with representatives for DMP (D Endacott, A Buckeridge) and Cliffs (S Hawkins) during which Cliffs provided an opportunity for DMP to comment on the range of environmental surveys proposed to support the assessment of the Project. This consultation included discussion of the existing environmental information available for the Project area, and the draft scopes for additional environmental surveys for flora and vegetation, vertebrate fauna, and invertebrate fauna.

In May 2014, a meeting was held with representatives for DMP (C Grosser, L Ilkiw) and Cliffs (R Howard, P Braedon, S Hawkins) to discuss the Project. This consultation on the Project included identification of the infrastructure components and location, completed environmental surveys, potential environmental effects, mine closure, stakeholder consultation processes, and proposed assessments under the Mining Act 1978 (WA) an the Environmental Protection Act 1986 (WA).

In July 2014, Cliffs provided a copy to DMP (I Mitchell) of the Project referral documentation under the Environmental Protection Act 1986 (WA). The submitted documentation included a description of the Project and its location, a summary of the environmental effects, an outline of the stakeholders consulted, and copies of the completed environmental survey reports.

In September 2014, DMP provided advice to EPA on the Project referral documentation under the Environmental Protection Act 1986 (WA), addressing the history of mineral exploration and rehabilitation within the Project area.

In December 2014, a meeting was held with representatives for DMP (D Machin, S Tantala) and Cliffs (J Grace, R Howard, S Hawkins) to discuss future mine developments and environmental assessment processes for the Yilgarn Operations. The meeting included identification of the Project location and the relevant Government assessment and approval processes. Representatives for EPA/OEPA were also in attendance at this meeting (refer below to Environmental Protection Authority / Office of the EPA).

In January 2015, a meeting was held with representatives for DMP (C Grosser) and Cliffs (S Hawkins) to provide an update on the status of the Project, including the anticipated

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schedule for submission of a Mining Proposal for assessment under the Mining Act 1978 (WA), proposed Programmes of Work (PoW) under the Mining Act 1978 (WA) associated with the Project development (sterilisation drilling and gravel costeans), and the status of the environmental assessment processes under the Environmental Protection Act 1986 (WA).

In April 2016, Cliffs submitted a PoW application to DMP under the Mining Act 1978 (WA) to develop costeans (shallow trenches) to determine the suitability of the substrate materials below hardstand areas (roads, stockpiles) and to determine the depth/volumes of gravel (gravel pit). In June 2015, DMP granted approval of the PoW application.

In July 2015, OEPA provided to DMP for review and comment a copy of Cliffs’ draft EIA-PER document for assessment of the Project under the Environmental Protection Act 1986 (WA). In August 2015, DMP provided OEPA comment on the draft EIA-PER document, outlining the requirement for the Project to include a Mine Closure Plan. In September 2015, a teleconference between representatives for DMP (L Thomas) and Cliffs (S Hawkins) discussed the DMP comments on the draft EIA-PER document.

In October 2015, OEPA provided to DMP for review and comment a copy of the EIA-PER document (final) prepared for assessment of the Project under the Environmental Protection Act 1986 (WA). The DMP did not provide any comment to OEPA on the EIA-PER document.

In April 2016, DMP (D Barclay, J De Lange) provided advice to OEPA (N Bowers) on the geotechnical stability and abandonment bunding aspects of the Project, based upon information supplied by OEPA. The DMP recommended to OEPA that Cliffs liaise directly with DMP on these matters.

In May 2016, representatives for Cliffs (S Hawkins) provided DMP (J De Lange, D Barclay) with an outline of the processes and approach by which Cliffs considered the geotechnical stability and abandonment bunding aspects of the Project. The information provided included a geotechnical report based upon structural/geotechnical drilling, including recommendations of appropriate wall design parameters to ensure long-term stability. The information also included mapping identifying the proposed post-mining safety abandonment bunding locations relative to the zone of potential Mine Pit instability and the retained topography of the Koolyanobbing Range.

In May 2016, the OEPA requested advice from DMP on the draft Mine Closure Plan submitted by Cliffs as part of the assessment processes under the Environmental Protection Act 1986 (WA). In June 2016, the DMP (P Gorey) provided OEPA (K Taylor) its review advice, which included recommended additions to the Mine Closure Plan. The additions to the Mine Closure Plan recommended by DMP have been addressed within Section 7.2 Rehabilitation and within the revised Mine Closure Plan (Cliffs 2016c, Attachment 9).

In June 2016, representatives for DMP (J De Lange, M Hanekom) inspected the Project area with representatives for Cliffs (P Smallbone, P O’Bryan) to assist with DMP’s consideration of the geotechnical stability and abandonment bunding aspects for the Project.

In June 2016, a meeting was held with representatives for DMP (D Endacott, J Allen) and Cliffs (V Roberts, S Hawkins) to outline a proposed reduction in the area of the Mine Pits to reduce the effect to the ‘Rare Flora’ taxon Tetratheca erubescens, and to outline proposed submissions for PoWs under the Mining Act 1978 (WA) and a Clearing Permit under the Environmental Protection Act 1986 (WA) (both to be assessed by DMP) for

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geometallurgical and geotechnical drilling to support the Project development. Cliffs also provided DMP with an update on the anticipated schedule for submission to DMP of the Mining Proposal for assessment under the Mining Act 1978 (WA).

In July 2016, DMP provided advice to EPA on its review of the geotechnical stability and abandonment bunding aspects of the Project. The advice outlined that DMP considered Cliffs had satisfactorily addressed the geotechnical stability and abandonment bunding aspects for the Project, and recommended regulatory conditions to ensure such aspects continue to be managed during Project implementation.

In August 2016, Cliffs submitted to DMP the PoW applications under the Mining Act 1978 (WA) and a Clearing Permit application under the Environmental Protection Act 1986 (WA) for the geometallurgical and geotechnical drilling to support the Project development. The approval of the PoW applications and the Clearing Permit application was concluded by DMP during Q4 2016.

In September 2016, Cliffs submitted a Mining Proposal for the Project to DMP in accordance with the requirements of s82A(2) of the Mining Act 1978 (WA). The Mining Proposal provided an assessment of the Project and its environmental effects, in accordance with the DMP (2006) document Mining Environmental Management Guideline: Mining Proposals in WA. In January 2016, the DMP provided written advice to Cliffs requesting minor amendments to the Mining Proposal to outline the staged mine development approach under the Environmental Protection Act 1986 (WA) environmental conditions, clarification on the management of waste rock materials, and confirmation of groundwater management in accordance with the Mining Lease conditions.

This Mining Proposal is submitted to DMP in accordance with the requirements of s82A(2) of the Mining Act 1978 (WA). Submission of this Mining Proposal application, and its subsequent assessment by DMP, will represent further consultation between Cliffs and DMP on the Project. Cliffs anticipates the assessment and approval of the Project under the Mining Act 1978 (WA) will be concluded by DMP during Q1 2017.

As an outcome of the assessment and approvals processes under the Mining Act 1978 (WA), further consultation between Cliffs and DMP during Project implementation is expected to continue through annual compliance reporting and site inspections.

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AUTHORITY / OFFICE OF THE EPA

As outlined by Section 4.9 Compliance with Legislation and Other Approvals, the Project is subject to an environmental assessment by EPA/OEPA under the Environmental Protection Act 1986 (WA). Accordingly, EPA/OEPA are stakeholders for the Project.

In March 2013, consultation with OEPA on the Project commenced, during which representatives for Cliffs (S Hawkins) provided OEPA (M Jefferies) an opportunity to comment on the range of environmental surveys proposed to support the future assessment of the Project. The OEPA advised Cliffs that consideration of the environmental surveys by OEPA would not be necessary as the EPA/OEPA requirements would likely be identified through advice provided by DPaW (refer to Department of Parks and Wildlife below).

In May 2014, a meeting was held with representatives for OEPA (A Sutton, F Browne) and Cliffs (R Howard, S Hawkins) to discuss the Project and its proposed referral under the Environmental Protection Act 1986 (WA). This consultation included identification of the infrastructure components and location of the Project, completed environmental surveys, potential environmental effects, mine closure, and stakeholder consultation processes.

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With regard to the potential environmental effects, the discussions focused on the ‘Rare Flora’ taxon Tetratheca erubescens, including consideration of the environmental effects using the conservation criteria of the IUCN (2012), and a potential requirement for environmental offsets.

In July 2014, Cliffs referred the Project to EPA under the Environmental Protection Act 1986 (WA) for assessment. The submitted documentation included a description of the Project and its location, a summary of the environmental effects, an outline of stakeholder consultation undertaken, and copies of the completed environmental survey reports.

In July 2014, EPA published on its website the Project referral documentation submitted under the Environmental Protection Act 1986 (WA), with an invitation from EPA for public submissions. Two public submissions were received by EPA.

In August 2014, EPA requested advice from DPaW and DMP on the Project. The DPaW advice was received by EPA in August 2014, with the DMP advice received by EPA in September 2014 (refer Department of Parks and Wildlife below, and Department of Mines and Petroleum above).

In September 2014, EPA determined the Project should be subject to an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) at the level of Public Environmental Review (PER), with an EIA-PER document to be prepared by Cliffs to address the key factors of flora and vegetation, terrestrial fauna, subterranean fauna, landforms, mine closure and environmental offsets.

In November 2014, a meeting was held with representatives for OEPA (K Carter, M Jefferies) and Cliffs (R Howard, S Hawkins) to discuss the OEPA’s views as to the potential environmental effects of the Project and the EPA/OEPA assessment requirements.

In November 2014, OEPA provided its draft Environmental Scoping Document for the purpose of providing guidance to Cliffs on the matters to be addressed within the EIA-PER document, and EPA’s anticipated schedule for environmental assessment of the Project.

In November 2014, a meeting was held with representatives for OEPA (M Jefferies, K Carter, L Jacenko, J Sheppard) and Cliffs (R Howard, S Hawkins) to discuss potential environmental offsets for the effect of the Project to the ‘Rare Flora’ taxon Tetratheca erubescens. The meeting discussed Cliffs’ proposed approach for aligning potential environmental offsets for Tetratheca erubescens with DPaW’s Recovery Plan framework, with agreement for Cliffs to subsequently present its proposed environmental offsets within an Environmental Offsets Plan for consideration by EPA/OEPA. In December 2014, Cliffs provided OEPA (K Carter, L Jacenko, J Sheppard) with a draft Tetratheca erubescens Environmental Offsets Plan for consideration and comment, with OEPA advising that subject to the Project being found environmentally acceptable, the draft plan provided a good framework for the application of offsets for the effect to the ‘Rare Flora’ taxon Tetratheca erubescens. The OEPA advice also suggested some improvements to the draft Tetratheca erubescens Environmental Offsets Plan, which were subsequently adopted by Cliffs.

In December 2014, a meeting was held with representatives for EPA (P Vogel), OEPA (I Munro, F Browne) and Cliffs (J Grace, R Howard, S Hawkins) to discuss future mine developments and environmental assessment processes for the Yilgarn Operations. The meeting included identification of the Project location and the relevant Government assessment and approval processes. Representatives for DMP were also in attendance at this meeting (refer to Department of Mines and Petroleum, above).

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In December 2014, EPA provided its final Environmental Scoping Document to Cliffs for the purpose of providing guidance on the matters to be addressed within Cliffs’ EIA-PER document, and EPA’s anticipated schedule for environmental assessment of the Project.

In January 2015, Cliffs provided EPA with its EIA-PER document for the Project. The EIA-PER document described the Project, assessed the potential environmental effects and proposed environmental management approach, and outlined stakeholder consultation.

In February 2015, EPA provided advice to Cliffs on requested changes to the EIA-PER document, with the key changes relating to further detail on the proposed environmental management approach, reference to recently updated EPA guidelines, inclusion of EPA forms and checklists, further detail on Cliffs’ history of management of ‘Rare Flora’, and further detail on stakeholder consultation. In March 2015, Cliffs submitted a revised EIA-PER document to EPA addressing the requested changes.

In April 2015, EPA requested from Cliffs further changes to the EIA-PER document on the proposed environmental management approach for the Project. A meeting was subsequently held with representatives for OEPA (M Jefferies, K Carter, R Sutherland) and Cliffs (R Howard, S Hawkins).

In June 2015, EPA requested from Cliffs further changes to the EIA-PER document on the proposed environmental management measures for the Project. A meeting was subsequently held with representatives for EPA (P Vogel), OEPA (A Sutton) and Cliffs (J Grace, V Roberts, R Howard, S Hawkins). In July 2015, a revised EIA-PER document addressing the requested changes was submitted to EPA.

In July 2015, OEPA advised Cliffs that the revised EIA-PER document was suitable for review by Government agencies. In July 2015, OEPA provided DMP, DPaW, DER, DoW and DAA a copy of the EIA-PER document for review and comment.

In August 2015, EPA/OEPA provided Cliffs with further comment on the EIA-PER document incorporating Government agency comments from DMP and DPaW on mine closure. In September 2015, a subsequent meeting was held with representatives for EPA (P Vogel), OEPA (A Sutton, S Bowman, N Bowers, R Sutherland) and Cliffs (J Grace, V Roberts, R Howard, S Hawkins) to discuss the Government agency comments on the EIA-PER document, with a request for Cliffs to make further minor changes to the EIA-PER document relating to mine closure.

In September 2015, Cliffs submitted a revised EIA-PER document to EPA/OEPA. The EPA/OEPA subsequently advised Cliffs the revised EIA-PER document was suitable for public review. In October/November 2015 with the consent of EPA, the final EIA-PER document was released by Cliffs for a 4-week public review period.

In November 2015, representatives for EPA (T Hatton, R Harvey, E Carr, G McLeod, J Limerick), OEPA (A Sutton, N Bowers, F Browne, H Mills) and Cliffs (J Grace, V Roberts, N Smith, N Harry, K Wilkinson, L McDonald, K Halford, R Howard, S Hawkins) inspected the Project area. The site inspection included traversing areas of the Mine Pits and Waste Rock Landform and Support Infrastructure components, including viewing locations within the Mine Pits areas containing individuals of the ‘Rare Flora’ taxon Tetratheca erubescens. The site inspection also included viewing Cliffs’ progressive mine rehabilitation works within the approved Koolyanobbing Range mine operations. To provide context for the EPA/OEPA, the site inspection also included a visit to Cliffs’ Windarling Range mine operations where mining occurs in comparable close positioning to the related ‘Rare Flora’ taxon Tetratheca paynterae ssp. paynterae. Cliffs also provided a presentation to EPA/OEPA on the various environmental aspects related to the Project assessment,

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including a summary of key assessment information for the ‘Rare Flora’ taxon Tetratheca erubescens (population census, health assessment, genetics, habitat assessment, IUCN assessment), long-term health monitoring data for the related ‘Rare Flora’ taxon Tetratheca paynterae ssp. paynterae adjacent to Cliffs’ approved Windarling Range mine operations, and environmental offsets proposed for Tetratheca erubescens.

In November 2015, OEPA provided Cliffs with a summary of the submissions received during the 4-week public review period for the EIA-PER document, with a request for Cliffs to provide a response to the matters raised by the submissions. In total, 6 public submissions were received on the EIA-PER document, comprising 3 submissions from Government agencies (DPaW, DoW, DAA) and 3 public submissions (Wildflower Society of WA, Windarling Preservation Group, 1x unidentified individual). The OEPA also provided its own further comments on the EIA-PER document. In December 2015, Cliffs provided EPA with its response to the public submissions and further OEPA comments.

In January 2016, a meeting was held with representatives for OEPA (A Sutton, N Bowers, H Mills), DPaW (K Atkins, N Woolfrey, S Thomas, A Jones) and Cliffs (V Roberts, R Howard, S Hawkins) to discuss the DPaW comments on the EIA-PER document. The DPaW comments discussed related to the assessment of the effect of the Project to the ‘Rare Flora’ taxon Tetratheca erubescens using the IUCN (2012) criteria, and Cliffs’ proposed environmental offsets for Tetratheca erubescens. In February 2015, Cliffs provided EPA with further advice in response to the DPaW comments.

In February 2016, a meeting was held with representatives for EPA (T Hatton, R Harvey, E Carr, G McLeod, J Limerick), OEPA (K Taylor, A Sutton, N Bowers, K Carter, H Mills, R Gilmour, N Arrowsmith, K Freeman) and Cliffs (J Grace, V Roberts, S Hawkins) to discuss the assessment of the Project, with a focus on the effect of the Project to the ‘Rare Flora’ taxon Tetratheca erubescens and mine closure. As an outcome from the consultation, Cliffs subsequently amended the Project boundary in the area of the southern Mine Pit (F3 Mine Pit) to provide increased separation distance between Mine Pit and the retained individuals of the ‘Rare Flora’ taxon Tetratheca erubescens.

In March 2016, the OEPA (A Sutton) advised that Cliffs’ response to submissions was considered to be acceptable, and requested additional information to assist with an external ‘peer review’ initiated by EPA to consider the effect of the Project to the ‘Rare Flora’ taxon Tetratheca erubescens.

In March 2016, a meeting was held with representatives for EPA (T Hatton), OEPA (A Sutton, R Hughes, N Bowers) and Cliffs (J Grace, V Roberts, S Hawkins) to discuss the EPA’s proposed peer review. The EPA/OEPA advised it had engaged Dr Eddie van Etten of Edith Cowan University to undertake the peer review, with the peer review having commenced. At the meeting, the OEPA provided Cliffs with a copy of the scope of works issued to Dr van Etten for the peer review. In April 2016, Cliffs provided advice to EPA/OEPA as to concerns with the drafting of the peer review scope, and provided an offer to host Dr van Etten for a site inspection to inform his review of the Project, the Tetratheca erubescens taxon, and the potential effect of the Project to this taxon.

In April 2016, EPA/OEPA provided Cliffs with a copy of the peer review report, and following, Cliffs provided EPA with comment on the peer review report for consideration.

In April 2016, the EPA advised Cliffs of ’uncertainty’ as to the direct effect and potential indirect effect of the Project to the long-term viability of the ‘Rare Flora’ taxon Tetratheca erubescens. The EPA invited Cliffs to provide a response to reduce the uncertainty identified, including provision of any new information.

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In May 2016, a meeting was held with representatives for Cliffs (J Grace, V Roberts, R Howard, S Hawkins), EPA (T Hatton) and OEPA (A Sutton, R Hughes, N Bowers) to discuss the EPA’s ‘uncertainty’ as to the direct effect and potential indirect effect of the Project. Cliffs identified potential further changes to the Project configuration to reduce the direct and potential for indirect effects to the ‘Rare Flora’ taxon Tetratheca erubescens, with an agreement for Cliffs to submit the further changes to EPA for consideration.

In May 2016, Cliffs (J Grace, V Roberts) presented to EPA (T Hatton, R Harvey, E Carr, G McLeod, J Limerick) and OEPA (K Taylor, A Sutton, H La Fuente, R Hughes, H Mills) proposed further changes to the Project configuration to reduce the direct and potential for indirect effects to the ‘Rare Flora’ taxon Tetratheca erubescens, including a staged development approach linked to the success in restoring the individuals removed by mining.

In May 2016, Cliffs provided its response as to the EPA’s uncertainty on the direct effect and potential indirect effect of the Project to the long-term viability of the ‘Rare Flora’ taxon Tetratheca erubescens. The response included additional information and further detail of the proposed changes to the Project configuration and staging.

In June 2016, a meeting was held with representatives for OEPA (N Bowers, R Sutherland) and Cliffs (V Roberts, S Hawkins) to outline proposed submissions for PoWs under the Mining Act 1978 (WA) and a Clearing Permit under the Environmental Protection Act 1986 (WA) (both to be assessed by DMP) for geometallurgical and geotechnical drilling to support the Project development. A representative for OEPA (N Bowers) was also in attendance at the July 2016 meeting with DPaW to discuss the geometallurgical and geotechnical drilling (refer to Department of Parks and Wildlife below).

In July 2016, the EPA (T Hatton) provided Cliffs with its agreement for the changes to the Project configuration and staging, with these changes to be considered by the EPA at its July 2016 meeting.

In July 2016, the OEPA (A Sutton) provided to Cliffs the draft conditions which EPA intend to recommend to the Minister for Environment be applied to the Project approval. In August 2016, Cliffs provided EPA with its advice on the recommended changes to the draft conditions.

In September 2016, the EPA published its report to the Minister for Environment recommending approval of the Project.

Approval of the Project by the WA Minister for Environment is anticipated during Q1 2017.

Further consultation between Cliffs and EPA/OEPA is expected to continue through the completion of the environmental assessment and approval processes under the Environmental Protection Act 1986 (WA).

As an outcome of the assessment and approvals processes under the Environmental Protection Act 1986 (WA), further consultation between Cliffs and EPA/OEPA during Project implementation is expected to continue through annual compliance reporting and site inspections.

DEPARTMENT OF THE ENVIRONMENT

As outlined by Section 4.9 Compliance with Legislation and Other Approvals, Cliffs referred the Project to DEE for environmental assessment under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (C’th). Accordingly, DEE is a stakeholder for the Project.

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In June 2014, representatives for DEE (P Patel) and Cliffs (S Hawkins) discussed the Project and its proposed referral under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (C’th). This consultation included identification of the infrastructure components and location of the Project, completed environmental surveys, potential environmental effects, and stakeholder consultation processes.

In June 2014, Cliffs submitted the Project to DEE under s68(2) of the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (C’th) for consideration. The submitted documentation included a description of the Project and its location, a summary of the environmental effects, an outline of the stakeholders consulted, and copies of the completed environmental survey reports.

In June 2014, DEE published on its website the Project referral documentation submitted by Cliffs under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (C’th), with an invitation from DEE for public submissions. One public submission on the Project was received by DEE (submission by the Wildflower Society of Western Australia, who is represented on Cliffs’ Community Consultation Group as outlined below).

In August 2014, DEE determined the Project did not require assessment or approval under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (C’th).

Further consultation with DEE on the Project is not necessary.

DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND WILDLIFE

As outlined by Section 4.9 Compliance with Legislation and Other Approvals, the Project will be subject to an environmental assessment by DPaW under the Wildlife Conservation Act 1950 (WA) for the removal of individuals of the ‘Rare Flora’ taxon Tetratheca erubescens. Accordingly, DPaW is a stakeholder for the Project.

In March 2013, a meeting was held with representatives for DPaW (S Thomas, D Coffey) and Cliffs (R Howard, S Hawkins) during which Cliffs provided an opportunity for DPaW to comment on the range of environmental surveys proposed to support the future assessment of the Project. This consultation included discussion of the existing environmental information available for the Project area, and the draft scopes for additional environmental surveys for flora and vegetation, vertebrate fauna, and invertebrate fauna. In April 2013, DPaW provided its advice to Cliffs on the draft scopes of works for the environmental surveys, with the DPaW advice subsequently incorporated/addressed by Cliffs.

In May 2014, representatives for DPaW (S Thomas, D Coffey, K Atkins, A Jones, J Futter1, J Jackson1) and Cliffs (R Howard, S Hawkins) met to discuss the Project and its proposed assessment under the Environmental Protection Act 1986 (WA). The consultation on the Project included identification of the infrastructure components and location, completed environmental surveys, potential environmental effects, mine closure, and stakeholder consultation processes. With regard to the potential environmental effects, the discussions focused on the ‘Rare Flora’ taxon Tetratheca erubescens, including consideration of the environmental effects using the conservation criteria outlined within IUCN (2012).

In July 2014, Cliffs provided a copy to DPaW (D Coffey) of the Project referral documentation submitted to EPA under the Environmental Protection Act 1986 (WA). The submitted documentation included a description of the Project and its location, a summary of the environmental effects, an outline of the stakeholders consulted, and copies of the completed environmental survey reports.

1 by teleconference

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In August 2014, DPaW provided EPA with advice on the Project referral documentation. The DPaW advice covered aspects including land tenure, a need to assess the environmental effect to Tetratheca erubescens (including direct effects, indirect effects including genetics, and restoration/translocation), the boundary of the DPaW-classified PEC, and the potential effect to troglobitic subterranean fauna.

In December 2014, Cliffs provided DPaW (S Thomas, N Woolfrey, K Atkins, A Jones, J Futter) with a draft Tetratheca erubescens Environmental Offsets Plan for consideration and comment. The DPaW advised Cliffs that consideration of the draft Tetratheca erubescens Environmental Offsets Plan would be undertaken by DPaW in parallel with the assessment of Cliffs’ EIA-PER document under the Environmental Protection Act 1986 (WA).

In March 2015, DPaW (2015) granted Cliffs a Licence under the Wildlife Conservation Act 1950 (WA) to collect seed of the ‘Rare Flora’ taxon Tetratheca erubescens within the area of the Project for the purpose of future actions targeted at the recovery of the taxon (i.e. field translocations).

In May 2015, representatives for DPaW (S Thomas, A Jones, J Futter, J Jackson, J Lizamore, T Pieterse) and Cliffs (J Shepherdson, K Wilkinson, L MacDonald) inspected the Project area and viewed the ‘Rare Flora’ taxon Tetratheca erubescens.

In July 2015, OEPA provided to DPaW for review and comment a copy of Cliffs’ draft EIA-PER document for assessment under the Environmental Protection Act 1986 (WA). In August 2015, DPaW provided OEPA comment on the draft EIA-PER document, addressing the effect of the Project to flora and fauna values, environmental management, mine closure and environmental offsets. In August 2015, EPA/OEPA provided Cliffs with the DPaW comments on the draft EIA-PER document, with Cliffs subsequently addressing the DPaW comments with amendments to the EIA-PER document.

In October 2015, during the public review period for the final EIA-PER document, DPaW provided further comment on the Project to EPA. The DPaW comments related to the potential effect to flora and fauna values, environmental management, environmental offsets, mine closure, and landforms. The DPaW comments were provided to Cliffs by OEPA in November 2015, with Cliffs subsequently providing a response to OEPA on the DPaW comments in December 2015.

In January 2016, a meeting was held with representatives for DPaW (K Atkins, N Woolfrey, S Thomas, A Jones), OEPA (A Sutton, N Bowers, H Mills) and Cliffs (V Roberts, R Howard, S Hawkins) to discuss the DPaW comments on the EIA-PER document. The DPaW comments discussed related to the assessment of the effect of the Project to the ‘Rare Flora’ taxon Tetratheca erubescens using the IUCN (2012) criteria, and Cliffs’ proposed environmental offsets for Tetratheca erubescens. In February 2016, Cliffs provided EPA with further advice in response to the DPaW comments.

In July 2016, a meeting was held with representatives for Cliffs (V Roberts, S Hawkins) and DPaW (S Thomas, M Baker, D Pickles1) to discuss proposed submissions for PoWs under the Mining Act 1978 (WA) and a Clearing Permit under the Environmental Protection Act 1986 (WA) (both to be assessed by DMP) for geometallurgical and geotechnical drilling to support the Project development. A representative for OEPA (N Bowers) was also in attendance.

In addition to the above, it is also noted that representatives for DPaW were in attendance at the meetings of Cliffs’ Community Consultation Group held in

1 by teleconference

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September 2013, March 2014 and September 2014, at which the Project was discussed (refer to Section 4.2.1 Community Consultation Group, below).

During Q4 2016, Cliffs submitted to DPaW an application for a Licence to remove individuals of Tetratheca erubescens under the Wildlife Conservation Act 1950 (WA). Submission of the Licence application, and its subsequent assessment by DPaW, represents further consultation between Cliffs and DPaW on the Project. Cliffs anticipates the assessment by DPaW of the Licence application will be concluded by DPaW during Q1 2017.

As an outcome of the assessment and approvals processes under the Wildlife Conservation Act 1950 (WA), it is anticipated that DPaW will monitor the implementation of the effect of the Project to Tetratheca erubescens, with Cliffs to prepare and submit to DPaW a report regarding compliance with the Licence to remove individuals of Tetratheca erubescens.

DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATION

As outlined by Section 4.9 Compliance with Legislation and Other Approvals, the Licence 5850 approval (DER 2016) granted for Cliffs’ Koolyanobbing Range mine operations under the Environmental Protection Act 1986 (WA) / Environmental Protection Regulations 1987 (WA) will require amendment by DER to incorporate the Project area within the authorised areas to allow for crushing/screening of gravel ores (Category 5) and a putrescible landfill for waste disposal (Category 64). Accordingly, DER is a stakeholder for the Project.

In July 2015, OEPA provided to DER for review and comment a copy of Cliffs’ draft EIA-PER document for the assessment of the Project under the Environmental Protection Act 1986 (WA). Further, in October 2015, OEPA provided to DER for review and comment a copy of the EIA-PER document for the Project. Cliffs is not aware of any comment made by DER to OEPA on either the draft EIA-PER document or the final EIA-PER document.

Cliffs submitted an application to DER to amend the Licence 5850 approval in Q1 2016. Submission of the application, and its subsequent assessment by DER, represents further consultation between Cliffs and DER on the Project. Cliffs anticipates the assessment and approval of the Licence 5850 amendment will be concluded by DER during Q1 2017.

As an outcome of the assessment and approvals processes under the Environmental Protection Act 1986 (WA) / Environmental Protection Regulations 1987 (WA), further consultation between Cliffs and DER during Project implementation is expected to continue through annual compliance reporting and site inspections.

DEPARTMENT OF WATER

As outlined by Section 4.9 Compliance with Legislation and Other Approvals, following the installation of additional groundwater well(s) within the Project area under the a Licence CAW181766 approval (DoW 2015), the Licence GWL154459 approval (DoW 2014) will require amendment under s5C of the Rights in Water and Irrigation Act 1914 (WA) to allow for groundwater abstraction from the additional groundwater well(s). Accordingly, DoW is a stakeholder for the Project.

In July 2015, OEPA provided to DoW for review and comment a copy of Cliffs’ draft EIA-PER document for the Project under the Environmental Protection Act 1986 (WA). Further, in October 2015, OEPA provided to DoW for review and comment a copy of the EIA-PER document for the Project. In October 2015, DoW provided comment to OEPA

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that the Project did not present a significant effect to groundwater hydrological processes due to no groundwater dewatering being proposed.

In August 2015, Cliffs submitted an application to DoW for a Licence under s26D of the Rights in Water and Irrigation Act 1914 (WA) to allow for the installation of groundwater wells, including within the Project area. In November 2015, DoW (2015) granted approval of a Licence under s26D to allow for the installation of the groundwater wells.

Following installation of groundwater wells for the Project under the Licence CAW181766 approval (scheduled for Q2 2017), Cliffs will subsequently seek approval under s5C of the Rights in Water and Irrigation Act 1914 (WA) to amend the Licence GWL154459 approval to allow for groundwater abstraction from the additional well(s). Submission of the s5C application, and its subsequent assessment by DoW, will represent further consultation between Cliffs and DoW on the Project. The application for amendment of the Licence GWL154459 approval is scheduled to be submitted to DoW from Q2 2017.

As an outcome of the assessment and approvals processes under the Rights in Water and Irrigation Act 1914 (WA), further consultation between Cliffs and DoW during Project implementation is expected to continue through annual compliance reporting and site inspections.

DEPARTMENT OF ABORIGINAL AFFAIRS

As outlined by Section 3.8 Social Environment, Cliffs has previously been granted s18 Consent under the Aboriginal Heritage Act 1972 (WA) for its Yilgarn Operations, including Mining leases M77/989-I and M77/990-I on which part of the Project is situated (WA Minister for Aboriginal Affairs 2003). Accordingly, DAA is a stakeholder for the Project.

As outlined by 3.8 Social Environment, the Project does not coincide with any recorded ‘Registered Site’ of Aboriginal heritage under the Aboriginal Heritage Act 1972 (WA), or coincide with any record of an ‘other heritage place’ (DAA 2015a, 2015b, 2015c, 2015d).

In July 2015, OEPA provided to DAA for review and comment a copy of Cliffs’ draft EIA-PER document for assessment of the Project under the Environmental Protection Act 1986 (WA). Further, in October 2015, OEPA provided to DAA for review and comment a copy of the EIA-PER document for the Project. In October 2015, DAA provided comment to OEPA that the Project did not coincide with any known Aboriginal heritage place, acknowledged Cliffs’ granted s18 Consent, and noted that any potential effects to Aboriginal heritage can be appropriately managed in accordance with the Aboriginal Heritage Act 1972 (WA).

Further consultation between Cliffs and DAA may occur during Project implementation in accordance with the conditions of the granted s18 Consent, Cliffs’ standard Aboriginal heritage procedures, and the provisions of the Aboriginal Heritage Act 1972 (WA).

DEPARTMENT OF LANDS

As outlined by Section 3.8 Social Environment, the Project occurs on Mining Leases granted to Cliffs under the Mining Act 1978 (WA) which overlie Unallocated Crown Land under the Land Administration Act 1997 (WA) vested with DoL. Accordingly, DoL is a stakeholder for the Project.

In February 2016, Cliffs consulted DoL to seek comment as to the Project coinciding with Unallocated Crown Land. In April 2016, DoL (C Ziatas) advised of no comment or objection to the Project development coinciding with the Unallocated Crown Land, with

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DoL noting the mine operations could be appropriately managed through the Mining Act 1978 (WA).

Further consultation with DoL on the Project is not necessary.

SHIRE OF YILGARN

As outlined by Section 3.8 Social Environment, the Project occurs within the Shire of Yilgarn. The Shire of Yilgarn is also a member of Cliffs’ Community Consultation Group (CCG) (refer below to Community Consultation Group). Accordingly, the Shire of Yilgarn is a stakeholder for the Project.

In September 2013, representatives for the Shire of Yilgarn (R Patroni) attended the Cliffs’ CCG meeting. The meeting provided an outline of the environmental surveys being undertaken at the southern Koolyanobbing Range, with a view that the environmental surveys may then support a future environmental assessment. In particular, the consultation provided an update on the Tetratheca erubescens census (Maia 2013) which identified a greater number of individuals compared to previous records.

In March 2014, representatives for the Shire of Yilgarn (O Truran, W Della Bosca, K Chrisp) attended the Cliffs’ CCG meeting. The meeting provided an update on the Project, including an outline of the Project location, anticipated infrastructure components, key environmental effects (in particular, to the ‘Rare Flora’ taxon Tetratheca erubescens), Government assessment and approval processes, and Cliffs’ proposed development schedule.

In September 2014, representatives for the Shire of Yilgarn (V Piccoli, W Della Bosca K Chrisp) attended the Cliffs’ CCG meeting. The meeting provided a further update on the Project, including an outline of the Project location and infrastructure components, status of the Government assessment and approval processes under the Environmental Protection Act 1986 (WA) and the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (C’th), and Cliffs’ proposed development schedule.

In September 2015, representatives for the Shire of Yilgarn (O Truran, B Jones) and Cliffs (J Grace, R Howard) met to discuss the Project. The meeting discussed the extension of the approved Yilgarn Operations to incorporate the Project and the Government assessment and approval processes, with a view to provide an opportunity to the Shire of Yilgarn to provide feedback to Cliffs.

In September 2015, the Shire of Yilgarn (B Jones) was provided by EPA (I Munro) a copy of the EIA-PER document for the Project, with an invitation by EPA for the Shire of Yilgarn to make a submission on the Project. Cliffs understands the EPA did not receive a submission from the Shire of Yilgarn on the Project.

In September 2015, a representative for the Shire of Yilgarn (W Della Bosca) attended the Cliffs’ CCG meeting. The meeting provided a further update on the progress of the Government assessment and approvals processes, and an update on Cliffs’ proposed development schedule. The CCG were also taken on a site inspection of the Project area, including viewing areas containing the ‘Rare Flora’ taxon Tetratheca erubescens.

Further consultation between Cliffs and the Shire of Yilgarn is expected to continue during Project implementation through the annual meetings of the CCG.

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COMMUNITY CONSULTATION

COMMUNITY CONSULTATION GROUP

Cliffs maintains a Community Consultation Group (CCG) to provide review and comment on the environmental aspects of the Yilgarn Operations. The CCG was established in 2004 and includes representatives of: (a) Shire of Yilgarn; (b) Wildflower Society of Western Australia; (c) Yilgarn Land Conservation District Committee; (d) Malleefowl Preservation Group; (e) Windarling Preservation Group; (f) Toodyay Naturalists Club; (g) Pastoral representatives; and (h) Community representatives.

The membership of the CCG was previously determined by the Western Australian Minister for Environment based on submissions of interest from environmental and community stakeholders. Accordingly, the CCG is represents the key stakeholders with an interest in Cliffs’ mine operations and its environmental effects.

Consultation with CCG on the Project commenced in September 2013, during which Cliffs provided CCG with an update on the range of environmental surveys being undertaken at the southern Koolyanobbing Range, with a view that the environmental surveys may then support a future environmental assessment. In particular, the consultation provided an update on the Tetratheca erubescens census (Maia 2013) which identified a greater number of individuals compared to previous records. A representative for DPaW (J Jackson) was also in attendance at this meeting of the CCG.

In March 2014, Cliffs provided CCG with an update on the Project, including an outline of the Project location, anticipated infrastructure components, key environmental effects (in particular, to the ‘Rare Flora’ taxon Tetratheca erubescens), Government assessment and approval processes, and Cliffs’ proposed development schedule. Representatives for DPaW (J Futter, V Jackson) were also in attendance at this meeting of the CCG.

In September 2014, Cliffs provided CCG with a further update on the Project, including an outline of the Project location and infrastructure components, status of the Government assessment and approval processes under the Environmental Protection Act 1986 (WA) and the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (C’th), and Cliffs’ proposed development schedule. Representatives for DPaW (J Futter, D Pickles) were also in attendance at this meeting of the CCG.

In September 2015, Cliffs provided CCG with a further update on the progress of the Government assessment and approvals processes, and an update on Cliffs’ proposed development schedule. The CCG were also taken on a site inspection of the Project area, including viewing areas containing the ‘Rare Flora’ taxon Tetratheca erubescens.

In October 2015, representatives of the Wildflower Society of Western Australia and the Windarling Preservation Group (both members of the CCG) provided comment to EPA on the EIA-PER document for the Project, addressing matters including the effect to flora values, landforms, mine closure and conservation reserve planning. The comments of the Wildflower Society of Western Australia and the Windarling Preservation Group were

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provided to Cliffs by OEPA in November 2015, with Cliffs providing a response to OEPA on these comments in December 2015.

The next meeting of the CCG is scheduled for October 2016, at which Cliffs will provide the CCG representatives with a further update on the Project.

Consultation between Cliffs and the CCG is expected to continue during Project implementation through the annual meetings of the CCG.

ABORIGINAL TRADITIONAL OWNERS

As outlined by Section 3.8 Social Environment, Aboriginal heritage surveys have been undertaken across the Project area with representatives for the Aboriginal Traditional Owners. Accordingly, the Aboriginal Traditional Owners are stakeholders for the Project.

In December 2014 and September 2015, ethnographic and archaeological Aboriginal heritage surveys were undertaken across the Project area with representatives for the Aboriginal Traditional Owners. A fallen scarred tree was identified adjacent to the mine road connecting the Project to the approved Koolyanobbing Range mine operations, with this tree delineated and marked-off with the Aboriginal Traditional Owners to ensure its protection. Investigations of the subsurface materials within rockshelters along the ridge line identified these not to be of Aboriginal heritage significance. Following the completion of the Aboriginal heritage surveys, the Aboriginal Traditional Owners provided Cliffs with their approval for development of the Project.

Consultation between Cliffs and the Aboriginal Traditional Owners is expected to continue during Project implementation through agreed heritage procedures.

PASTORAL LEASEHOLDER

As outlined by Section 3.8 Social Environment, the Project coincided with part of the former Brontie Pastoral Lease granted to the Della Bosca family of Southern Cross under the provisions of the Land Administration Act 1997 (WA). Whilst the Brontie Pastoral Lease expired in June 2015, the Della Bosca family remain stakeholders for the Project.

In September 2014, representatives for Cliffs (S Hawkins) and the Pastoral Leaseholder (W Della Bosca) discussed the Project and the Brontie Pastoral Lease. The Pastoral Leaseholder identified the area of the southern Koolyanobbing Range in which the Project is located was not in active use for pastoral activities. The key request raised by the Pastoral Leaseholder was to reinstate the Pastoral Lease fencing following the completion of mining and rehabilitation.

In June 2015, representatives for Cliffs (S Hawkins) and the Pastoral Leaseholder (W Della Bosca) discussed the Project and the Brontie Pastoral Lease. The Pastoral Leaseholder identified the Brontie Pastoral Lease was scheduled to expire in June 2015, with renewal of the Pastoral Lease not proposed.

In September 2015, the Pastoral Leaseholder (W Della Bosca) confirmed to representatives for Cliffs (S Hawkins) that the Brontie Pastoral Lease was not renewed, with the land area reverting to Unallocated Crown Land.

In addition, the Pastoral Leaseholder has also been consulted through representation on the CCG (refer above), with attendance at the CCG meetings of March 2014, September 2014 and September 2015.

Further consultation between Cliffs and the former Pastoral Leaseholder may be ongoing during Project implementation through annual meetings of the CCG.

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GENERAL COMMUNITY

As Cliffs’ key community stakeholders are represented on the CCG, extensive general community consultation on the Project has not been necessary. To date, general community consultation has been limited to the advertising and public availability of documentation submitted under the relevant Government assessment and approval processes, as described below.

In June 2014, DEE published on its website the Project referral documentation submitted by Cliffs under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (C’th), with an invitation by DEE for public submissions. The documentation made publicly available included a description of the Project and its location, a summary of the environmental effects, an outline of the stakeholders consulted, and copies of the completed environmental survey reports. The public availability of Cliffs’ referral documentation represents an opportunity for general consultation with the community on the Project. One public submission on the Project was received by DEE (submission by the Wildflower Society of Western Australia, who is represented on Cliffs’ Community Consultation Group as outlined above), with the comment addressing the potential environmental effect of the Project in relation to the flora taxa Tetratheca erubescens and Banksia arborea, and native vegetation.

In July 2014, EPA published on its website the Project referral documentation submitted by Cliffs under the Environmental Protection Act 1986 (WA), with an invitation from EPA for public submissions. The documentation made publicly available included a description of the Project and its location, a summary of the environmental effects, an outline of the stakeholders consulted, and copies of the completed environmental survey reports. The public availability of Cliffs’ referral documentation represents an opportunity for general consultation with the community on the Project. Two public comments on the Project were received by EPA (submitters not identified by EPA), with the comments addressing the potential environmental effect of the Project in relation to the flora taxa Tetratheca erubescens and Banksia arborea (including direct and indirect effects), and landscape/landforms.

In October/November 2015, Cliffs’ EIA-PER document was released by Cliffs for a 4-week public review, in accordance the assessment processes under the Environmental Protection Act 1986 (WA). The public release was accompanied by media advertisements placed in The West Australian newspaper, Kalgoorlie Miner newspaper, Merredin-Wheatbelt Mercury newspaper and the Shire of Yilgarn’s Crosswords newsletter. The EIA-PER document and supporting documents (e.g. environmental surveys) were publicly available from Cliffs’ Perth office reception and from Cliffs’ website (CliffsNaturalResources.com), as well as being available for public reading within the Shire of Yilgarn Library and State Library of Western Australia (Perth). A total of 3 public submissions were received (of which 2 submissions were from the Wildflower Society of Western Australia and the Windarling Preservation Group, both whom are represented on Cliffs’ Community Consultation Group as outlined above).

As a result of the low level of public interest in the Project, and noting Cliffs’ key community stakeholders are represented on the CCG, ongoing general community consultation during Project implementation is not necessary.

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6.3 Social Environment

DMP (2006) Guideline: Social Environment o Highlight the positive and negative social impacts of the mining proposal from a regional, State and local government perspective.

The Project will result in positive direct and indirect social effects arising from employment and investment in the Shire of Yilgarn, the Shire of Esperance and the wider Australian economy. The Project will make a notable contribution to the overall benefits arising from Cliffs’ Yilgarn Operations.

Negative social effects are not expected from development of the Project.

SHIRE OF YILGARN

As outlined by Section 3.8 Social Environment, the Project is located within the Shire of Yilgarn. The Shire of Yilgarn encompasses an area of approximately 3 million hectares and is centred on the town of Southern Cross, situated approximately 370km east of Perth and approximately 50km south-west of the Koolyanobbing Range. The Shire of Yilgarn has a population of approximately 1,600 people (ABS 2013a). Mining and agriculture are the key areas of local employment within the Shire of Yilgarn, accounting for approximately 20% and 18% of employment, respectively (ABS 2013a).

Cliffs’ Yilgarn Operations are of significance to the Shire of Yilgarn, with mining at the Koolyanobbing Range commencing in 1950, and leading to the establishment of the Koolyanobbing townsite. Cliffs is the largest iron ore producer (by tonnes) within the Shire of Yilgarn.

The economic value of Cliffs’ Yilgarn Operations to the Shire of Yilgarn occurs through the employment of mine personnel, and through the purchase of goods and services generated within the Shire. The purchase of goods and services, in turn, also stimulates local employment and local economic activity. The opportunity for continued local employment and local economic activity within the Shire of Yilgarn is inherently linked to Cliffs obtaining access to new ore resources.

SHIRE OF ESPERANCE

Ore from Cliffs’ Yilgarn Operations is exported through the Port of Esperance, located within the Shire of Esperance and operated by the Government body Southern Ports Authority (SPA). Cliffs is currently the only iron ore producer exporting through the Port of Esperance. Cliffs’ ore is the main commodity (by tonnage) exported through the Port of Esperance, accounting for approximately 75% of all import and export activity (SPA 2014).

The SPA directly employs approximately 150 people (SPA 2014), equating to approximately 3% of the nearly 6000 employed persons within the Shire (ABS 2013b). In the 2013-2014 financial year, the gross economic revenue for the Port of Esperance, and subsequent expenditure within the Esperance region, was approximately A$80million (SPA 2014).

Continued economic benefit within the Shire of Esperance, including SPA and the regional businesses supplying goods and services, is inherently linked to maintaining Cliffs’ Yilgarn

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Operations through the Port of Esperance. Accordingly, long-term economic security for these components within the Shire of Esperance will rely on Cliffs obtaining access to new ore resources.

AUSTRALIAN ECONOMY

Direct and indirect employment for Cliffs’ mine operations is estimated at more than 700 people, comprising personnel in mine operations, business management, rail transport, and port operations.

Cliffs’ mine operations support employment and business activity throughout Western Australia. In 2014, Cliffs’ direct contribution to the economy through the purchase of goods and services and employment was approximately A$745million (Cliffs Natural Resources 2015).

Continued employment and economic activity for the benefit of the economy from Cliffs’ Yilgarn Operations will rely on Cliffs obtaining access to new ore resources.

6.4 Workforce Induction and Training

DMP (2006) Guideline: Workforce Induction and Training o The mining proposal should detail any workforce environmental induction and training requirements necessary to ensure that personnel are aware of, and are competent in, meeting all company environmental management commitments. It is recommended that competency training for both operators and supervisors is undertaken prior to the commencement of any major environmental or rehabilitation programmes.

Cliffs’ mine operations are undertaken in accordance with an EMS. Cliffs’ EMS is certified and maintained to the international standard AS/NZS ISO 14001:2004 (SGS 2015, Attachment 6). Cliffs’ EMS contains a series of EMPs on the environmental factors relevant to mining operations.

Cliffs inducts and audits its mine personnel on implementation of the EMPs to ensure mine personnel are informed of the potential environmental effects of the mine operations and their management.

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7 Mine Closure

DMP (2006) Guideline: Mine Closure o An essential element of the mining proposal is planning for mine closure. A preliminary mine closure plan must be submitted with the mining proposal, preferably as an appendix with the main aspects and summary of the closure plan included in this section of the mining proposal. o To ensure a successful and cost-effective mine closure, it is essential to commence closure planning at the initial planning stages. Pre-mining planning should take into consideration the proposed post mining land use and the implementation of effective operational methodologies to achieve the final landform. o It is crucial that closure planning is based upon the results of extensive field evaluations and trials to ensure that chosen rehabilitation methods are effective, durable and achievable. In most cases, appropriate methodologies may take years to develop and may be markedly different to the initial concepts. Hence the need for the planning of closure from initial stages. o It is vital that mine planners ensure that material required for closure (eg. capping rock and topsoil) is segregated from the normal waste rock streams and stockpiled separately, preferably in close proximity to where it will be used. If this material is mismanaged then closure becomes significantly more difficult and expensive, thus highlighting the need to not only plan ahead but also implement good planning within the mining operations.

Mine closure for the approved Koolyanobbing Range mine operations is undertaken in accordance with a Mine Closure Plan (Cliffs 2015b). The Mine Closure Plan has been prepared consistent with the DMP and EPA (2015) document Guidelines for Preparing Mine Closure Plans. The Mine Closure Plan has been submitted to DMP for approval, and replaces the previous revision of the Mine Closure Plan (Cliffs 2012) approved by DMP (2013) in accordance with the DMP and EPA (2011) document Guidelines for Preparing Mine Closure Plans (previous revision).

As requested by DMP, Cliffs has prepared a separate Mine Closure Plan for the Project (Cliffs 2016c, Attachment 9). The Mine Closure Plan has been prepared consistent with the DMP and EPA (2015) document Guidelines for Preparing Mine Closure Plans. To enable Cliffs to implement the Project, DMP is requested to grant approval of the Mine Closure Plan in parallel with approval of this Mining Proposal.

An outline of mine closure for the Project is provided in Section 7.2 Rehabilitation.

7.1 Post Mining Land Use

DMP (2006) Guideline: Post Mining Land Use o Post mining land use options should be discussed with relevant stakeholders and a conceptual plan developed into a mine closure plan. The mine closure plan should be reviewed annually, or at appropriate intervals, in response to continual improvement or best practice and any changes relayed to mining operational levels and relevant stakeholders. o Rehabilitation, if to approximate natural conditions, may require advice and approvals from DEC for special issues such as habitat reconstruction, weed control, species diversity and selection (using provenance seed collection). Where the proposed objective of rehabilitation is not to a pre-mining natural condition, the alternative landform must be described with a rationale to justify this landform.

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revision of the Mine Closure Plan (Cliffs 2012) approved by DMP (2013) in accordance with the DMP and EPA (2011) document Guidelines for Preparing Mine Closure Plans (previous revision).

An outline of mine closure for the Project is provided in Section 7.2 Rehabilitation.

The Mine Closure Plan identifies the current land tenure for the Project is Mining Leases granted to Cliffs under the Mining Act 1978 (WA) overlying Unallocated Crown Land under the Land Administration Act 1997 (WA) vested with DoL.

As outlined by the Mine Closure Plan, Cliffs’ broad mine closure objectives for the Project are to decommission mine infrastructure, rehabilitate disturbed areas with native vegetation, and to ensure the land and landforms are safe, stable and non-polluting to enable a post-mining land use.

7.2 Rehabilitation

DMP (2006) Guideline: Rehabilitation o For each site a specific set of completion criteria needs to be developed to determine whether the rehabilitation end point has been reached. Where possible, the completion criteria chosen should be developed from actual rehabilitation trials and site experience rather than arbitrary baseline studies conducted on analogue (local pristine) sites that may have little edaphic or physical / chemical similarity to mine soils. However, in many cases the attainment of an approximate natural ecosystem similar to those occurring locally is a preferred objective. o The development of an acceptable rehabilitation endpoint may take a number of years and in some cases the endpoint will be modified to suit the achievable outcomes. Some sites may need an initial rehabilitation programme and then environmental augmentation programmes over a number of years to attain the desired outcome. The efforts to develop successful rehabilitation criteria and outcomes should be documented in the AER. In some case the updated mine closure plan can be included in the AER. o The mining proposal should contain an outline of the rehabilitation procedures for each project component (i.e. for waste dumps, tailings disposal facilities, plant site and other disturbed areas). Diagrams and construction cross section drawings of final landforms should be provided. Methods for recording and reporting progressive rehabilitation details should be given in the AER. o It is recommended that a commitment is made in the mining proposal to commence rehabilitation field trials as soon as possible to develop and validate the proposed rehabilitation methodologies for closure. These trials will also help develop the operation competency of the workforce in achieving high quality rehabilitation works. o It is important that the source and qualities and quantities of materials anticipated for rehabilitation are confirmed in the mining proposal (e.g. rock capping for tailings facility). The mining proposal may not be approved if the materials required to stabilise and rehabilitate a high risk structure (such as an ARD cell within a waste dump or potentially hazardous tailings storage) are unavailable locally or have not been scheduled for segregation within mining operations procedures.

ASSESSMENT

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Consistent with DMP and EPA (2015), and as identified by Figure 2-7, the components of the Project will each be managed as a Mine Closure Management Unit, with mine closure objectives and completion criteria specified for each Mine Closure Management Unit.

In accordance with DMP and EPA (2015), the Mine Closure Plan addresses the following key considerations for mine closure of the Project: o Mine closure aspects; o Mine closure objectives; o Completion criteria; o Financial provision; and o Monitoring.

The key considerations for mine closure relevant to the Project are assessed below:

MINE CLOSURE ASPECTS

The mine closure aspects relevant to the Project have been considered by Cliffs, based on the Project design and from experience with progressive mine closure at Cliffs’ approved mine operations. The key mine closure aspects are: o Infrastructure retention or removal; o Safety; o Contamination; o Rehabilitation; o Surface water drainage; and o Long-term management.

Each of these aspects are assessed below:

Infrastructure Retention or Removal -

At mine closure, Cliffs will remove all above-ground mine infrastructure (i.e. plant and equipment, concrete pads).

Below-ground infrastructure (e.g. groundwater wells, septic tanks) will be retained insitu. Septic tanks will be broken-up prior to insitu backfilling. Buried cables/pipelines (positioned ≥0.5m depth) will be retained insitu. There is no environmental risk of retention of the insitu infrastructure types proposed (i.e. electrical/communication cables, disconnected pipelines), nor a significant risk that they could be disturbed or become exposed over time. This approach for the insitu retention of below-ground infrastructure is consistent with Cliffs’ approved Mine Closure Plan (Cliffs 2012).

Safety -

In consideration of the Mine Pits design and the unweathered geological rock structure, and in accordance with the DMP (1997) document Safety Bund Walls Around Open Pit Mines, Cliffs will install post-mining safety abandonment bunding to prevent inadvertent access to the Mine Pits, as identified by Figure 2-8. The

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post-mining safety abandonment bunding will be positioned beyond the zone of potential mine pit instability within areas of low relief (<150 angle), connecting between the retained steep ridge topography (≥150 angle) to the elevated lifts of the Waste Rock Landform (150 batter angle). Exploration access tracks beyond the northern end of the Project will also have post-mining safety abandonment bunding installed to prevent inadvertent access from existing exploration access tracks located on top of the ridge. The post-mining safety abandonment bunding will be constructed to 2m in height with a 5m base width. The retained steep natural ridge topography on the southern side of the Koolyanobbing Range will provide a natural barrier against inadvertent post-mining access to the Mine Pits.

Additionally, as previously agreed in discussions with DMP (Kalgoorlie), a windrow to 1.5m height with concrete signage posts at 50m intervals will also be established at 2m from the crest of each Mine Pit to provide additional warning of the mine pit edge, as also identified by Figure 2-8.

Contamination -

As outlined by Section 3.3 Characterisation of Waste Rock and Tailings, an estimated 14Mt of waste rock to be excavated from the Mine Pits will be disposed of to the Waste Rock Landform. Geochemical characterisation has identified the majority of the waste rock (79%) has been classified as non-acid forming (NAF, S = ≤0.1%). A limited mass (6%) of the waste rock was identified as potentially acid- forming (PAF, S= ≥0.1%), with a limited mass (15%) classified as uncertain (UC, which may or may not be acid-forming). The waste rock was assessed as presenting a low-risk of metalliferous drainage and having low salinity. A copy of the geochemical characterisation report (SRK 2015) is provided on the compact disc appended to this Mining Proposal (refer to Section 9 References).

As identified by Figure 2-9, the outer 5m of the Waste Rock Landform will be constructed of NAF waste rock in order to effectively contain and isolate the co- mingled waste rock from the surrounding environment.

Accordingly, it is expected the potential risk for the Project of acid and/or metaliferous drainage can be appropriately managed.

For context, previous investigations of the geochemistry of the iron ore deposits of the southern Koolyanobbing Range (SWC 2009, 2010, 2011a, 2011b, 2011c, 2014) have similarly identified the presence of a limited volume of PAF waste rock. The outcomes of these investigations, comprising both static and kinetic testing methods, identified the waste rock could be adequately managed through a co- mingling approach (i.e. without the need for specialised treatment or containment cells). To date, the approved Koolyanobbing Range mine operations have not indicated any visual signs of acid or metalliferous drainage from the waste rock landforms to the surrounding environment; indicating the management actions applied have been successful in isolating and containing any risk of acid and metalliferous drainage.

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Rehabilitation -

Consistent with Cliffs’ current mining practices, vegetation and recoverable topsoil/subsoil materials will be removed and temporarily stockpiled for subsequent use in progressive and post-mining rehabilitation works for the Waste Rock Landform and the Support Infrastructure components. Consistent with the approach adopted at Cliffs’ approved mine operations, the rehabilitation stockpiles will be ‘paddock-dumped’ with stockpile heights up to nominally 3m.

Rehabilitation of the Project area will include the following management actions, which are consistent with the general rehabilitation practices employed at mines throughout Western Australia: o Deep on-contour ripping for improved soil condition and drainage, and to minimise the potential for erosion; o Respreading of the rehabilitation materials (vegetation and topsoil/subsoil) to provide a plant growth medium, topsoil-stored seed and a microclimate for seed growth; and o Spreading of seed collected during the mine operations.

Rehabilitation works will be undertaken within the areas of the Waste Rock Landform and the Support Infrastructure. Where possible, rehabilitation actions will be undertaken progressively during mine development. Progressive rehabilitation works will predominantly apply to the Waste Rock Landform, with rehabilitation able to commence when construction of the first lift/batter has been completed. Figure 2-9 identifies a conceptual cross-section design of the Waste Rock Landform and the placement of topsoil/subsoils for rehabilitation works.

Rehabilitation of the Support Infrastructure area will occur following the completion of the mine operations.

The Mine Pits will not be rehabilitated as the consolidated rock substrate and steep sides are not conducive to plant growth. Additionally, it is not safe for mine personnel to attempt rehabilitation works on the steep sides of a mine pit.

To note, the rehabilitation works for mine closure outlined above are not intended to target the restoration of the ‘Rare Flora’ taxon Tetratheca erubescens, as the rehabilitation areas for the Waste Rock Landform and the Support Infrastructure are unlikely to provide suitable habitat. As outlined by Section 5.3 Flora, the restoration of Tetratheca erubescens will be undertaken in consultation with EPA as an outcome of the environmental assessment and approval processes under the Environmental Protection Act 1986 (WA). The restoration works are expected to target areas of suitable retained habitat beyond of the Project area, including suitable unoccupied habitats as well as infill within existing occupied habitats.

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Surface Water Drainage -

The design of the Waste Rock Landform has been undertaken by suitably qualified mine engineers to manage surface water drainage. The engineering design of low-angle batters (150), berms with backslope (50), combined with baffles on each berm and on the top lift, is expected to ensure the Waste Rock Landform is internally draining (i.e. not water shedding).

Surface water drainage for the Support Infrastructure area will be managed using a combination of v-drains, sumps and earthen bunding (as required) to control surface water following rainfall, thereby allowing it to infiltrate and/or evaporate. Following mining, the Support Infrastructure area will be subject to earthworks to reflect pre-mining land contours (where possible) to ensure the maintenance of surface water controls following mine closure.

Long-term Management -

As outlined by Section 3.8 Social Environment, the current land tenure for the Project is Mining Leases granted to Cliffs under the Mining Act 1978 (WA) overlying Unallocated Crown Land under the Land Administration Act 1997 (WA) vested with DoL. It is anticipated that following the completion of the Project, Cliffs will surrender the Mining Leases. The underlying land tenure of Unallocated Crown Land will then apply, with the State Government responsible for determining any future land use1.

Cliffs’ broad mine closure objectives for the Project are to decommission mine infrastructure, rehabilitate disturbed areas with native vegetation, and to ensure the land and landforms are safe, stable and non-polluting to enable a post-mining land use. These broad mine closure objectives are generally expected to result in an acceptable standard that will enable continued long-term management by the State Government (through DoL) under the current land tenure of Unallocated Crown Land.

The Project is not located within a conservation area declared under the Land Administration Act 1997 (WA).

MINE CLOSURE OBJECTIVES

As identified above, Cliffs’ broad mine closure objectives for the Project will be to decommission mine infrastructure, rehabilitate disturbed areas with native vegetation, and to ensure the land and landforms are safe, stable and non-polluting to enable a post- mining land use.

Consistent with the DMP and EPA (2015) document Guidelines for Preparing Mine Closure Plans, the Mine Closure Plan considers each mine infrastructure component as a separate Mine Closure Management Unit, with mine closure objectives specified for each Mine Closure Management Unit. Cliffs’ mine closure objectives for each Mine Closure Management Unit are identified in Table 7-1.

1 The State Government is responsible for determining the land use (or a land use change) within areas of Unallocated Crown Land. Cliffs’ role in determining the future land use is limited to an ability to surrender the Mining Leases under the Mining Act 1978 (WA).

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MANAGEMENT UNIT MINE CLOSURE OBJECTIVE

Mine Pit Land is physically safe

Waste Rock Landform Landforms are stable and erosion is controlled

Soil profiles are stable to support native vegetation

Re-establish native vegetation

Landforms are safe, stable and non-polluting

Support Infrastructure Infrastructure is removed/restored

Landforms are stable and erosion is controlled

Soil profiles are stable to support native vegetation

Re-establish native vegetation

Landforms are safe, stable and non-polluting

Table 7-1 Mine Closure Objectives. The mine closure objectives for each Mine Closure Management Unit are identified. The mine closure objectives are based on the identified mine closure aspects. Adapted from Cliffs (2016c).

COMPLETION CRITERIA

Completion criteria are an agreed set of performance indicators, which upon being met, will demonstrate successful mine closure, and subsequently, allow for long-term responsibility of the land to be relinquished. As outlined by the DMP and EPA (2015) document Guidelines for Preparing Mine Closure Plans, development of interim completion criteria should commence in the project approval stage, with the interim completion criteria refined during mine operations based on additional data obtained during the mine operations.

In development of the interim completion criteria, Cliffs has had regard to the following considerations: o Mine landforms will be structurally different to natural landforms as a result of their different physical and chemical characteristics; o Flora taxa composition and structure on mine landforms will be different to natural landforms as a result of the ability for each flora taxa to regenerate and/or be a function of the habitat requirements of each flora taxa; o Separate completion criteria may be required for each Mine Closure Management Unit to address the differences in their physical and chemical characteristics; and o Completion criteria should be developed over time based on the monitoring results of the initial rehabilitation works, consideration of appropriate reference sites and an improved understanding of physical and chemical characteristics of the constructed landforms.

Based on the mine closure objectives identified above, and knowledge gained from progressive mine closure at Cliffs’ approved mine operations, Cliffs has developed interim completion criteria for the Project. Cliffs’ interim completion criteria for the Project are outlined by Table 7-2.

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MANAGEMENT UNIT MINE CLOSURE OBJECTIVE INTERIM COMPLETION CRITERIA

Mine Pit Land is physically safe o Safety abandonment bunding installed as per DMP (1997) guidelines to prevent inadvertent access. Waste Rock Landform Landforms are stable and erosion is o Construction to design criteria controlled o Surface water drainage is effectively managed Soil profiles are stable to support o Surface cover comprises ~0.2m native vegetation soil/subsoil, rock/gravel for erosion protection, and vegetation debris Re-establish native vegetation o Native vegetation foliar cover, species richness and plant density 50% - 80% of reference sites o Weed cover not greater than reference sites Landforms are safe, stable and o Discharges from rehabilitated lands non-polluting do not result in off-site effects

Support Infrastructure Infrastructure is removed/restored o Above-ground infrastructure is removed to enable rehabilitation Landforms are stable and erosion is o Landforms reflect pre-mining land controlled contours o Surface water drainage is effectively managed Soil profiles are stable to support o Surface cover comprises ~0.2m native vegetation soil/subsoil, rock/gravel for erosion protection, and vegetation debris Re-establish native vegetation o Native vegetation foliar cover, species richness and plant density 50% - 80% of reference sites o Weed cover not greater than reference sites Landforms are safe, stable and o Discharges from rehabilitated lands non-polluting do not result in off-site effects

Table 7-2 Interim Mine Closure Completion Criteria.

The interim completion criteria which relate to the safety, stability and waste containment for the Waste Rock Landform are based on the design criteria identified by Figure 2-9, with this design criteria based on accepted mine engineering design and experience in waste rock landform construction gained from Cliffs’ approved mine operations.

The interim completion criteria which relate to rehabilitation are consistent with the interim completion criteria outlined for Cliffs’ approved Koolyanobbing Range mine operations (Cliffs 2012).

The interim completion criteria have been drafted in a manner such that they are directly measurable (e.g. percentages, angles), or alternatively, can be determined by the professional judgement of a competent professional for that field.

Consistent with the approach outlined by DMP and EPA (2015), the completion criteria will continue to be refined based on additional data obtained during mine operations. This data to be obtained during mine operations is expected to include: o Rehabilitation monitoring data; and

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o Reference site selection and assessment.

During mine operations, appropriate reference sites will be selected1 in non-impact areas to assist in defining the final completion criteria. As each Mine Closure Management Unit will have different physical and structural properties, separate reference sites may be selected for each Mine Closure Management Unit that best reflect their associated physical and structural properties (e.g. soil structure, elevation, aspect).

Development of the final completion criteria is expected to include consultation with DMP and EPA as key Government stakeholders, and noting the expertise of these Government agencies in accepted mine closure standards. Cliffs’ other stakeholders will be informed of the final agreed completion criteria.

With regard to the final completion criteria for rehabilitation, the criteria are expected to be met for a number of consecutive years to provide confidence to DMP and EPA that the rehabilitation works will likely progress towards a self-sustaining ecosystem functioning in the long-term following the completion of mine closure.

FINANCIAL PROVISION

Cliffs maintains a financial provision for mine closure costs, with this financial provision maintained as a liability on corporate accounts. The financial provision is based on established unit rate cost estimates provided by industry third parties providing service to Cliffs. The underlying rehabilitation cost assumptions and the resulting unit cost estimates are independently reviewed every 3 years to ensure the estimated unit costs are refined to reflect true cost, with the financial provision also reviewed each 6 months to account for changes in the area of land disturbance.

Based on the unit cost estimates and the area of each Mine Closure Management Unit, Cliffs’ mine closure cost for the Project has been estimated at approximately A$3million. To provide context, the current mine closure cost for Cliffs’ approved Yilgarn Operations is estimated at A$28million.

MONITORING

Monitoring of mine closure is necessary to assist in the development of final completion criteria, and in determining whether the final completion criteria have been met. Table 7-3 identifies the proposed monitoring type and frequency for mine closure of the Project.

Mine closure monitoring for the Project is expected to commence from 2020 following the planned cessation of productive mining in 2019, and then continue each 3 years to 2026 when Cliffs anticipates the final completion criteria can be met. This monitoring frequency is considered appropriate for determining the progress of the rehabilitation works over time, and noting more frequent monitoring may not provide sufficient time to distinguish changes in the rehabilitation progress from yearly or seasonal fluctuations. This monitoring will be in addition to the informal observations by Cliffs’ on-site environmental personnel during mine operations and progressive mine closure, with this informal monitoring also allowing for any potential concerns with the rehabilitation establishment or growth being detected between the formal monitoring periods.

1 Reference sites previously selected for the approved Koolyanobbing Range mine operations may be appropriate for the Project (i.e. new reference sites specifically for the Project may not be necessary).

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Monitoring by visual inspection will be undertaken by suitably qualified environmental and/or geological personnel from Cliffs, or consultants to Cliffs having equivalent qualification. Monitoring by botanical assessment will be undertaken by suitably qualified environmental personnel from Cliffs, or consultants to Cliffs having equivalent qualification.

Where monitoring indicates that progress towards meeting the completion criteria is not progressing as necessary, contingency actions will be implemented, which may include additional civil earthworks, additional removal of infrastructure, further investigation and remediation of contamination, and/or additional revegetation works; with subsequent additional monitoring to then also be considered.

MANAGEMENT UNIT INTERIM COMPLETION CRITERIA MONITORING FREQUENCY

Mine Pit o Safety abandonment bunding Survey Once, 2020 installed as per DMP (1997) guidelines to prevent inadvertent access. Waste Rock Landform o Construction to design criteria Survey / Visual Each 3 years, o Surface water drainage is inspection 2020-2026 effectively managed o Surface cover comprises ~0.2m Visual inspection Once, 2020 soil/subsoil, rock/gravel for erosion protection, and vegetation debris o Native vegetation foliar cover, Botanical Each 3 years, species richness and plant density assessment 2020-2026 50% - 80% of reference sites o Weed cover not greater than reference sites o Discharges from rehabilitated lands Visual inspection Each 3 years, do not result in off-site effects 2020-2026

Support Infrastructure o Above-ground infrastructure is Survey Once, 2020 removed to enable rehabilitation o Landforms reflect pre-mining land Visual inspection Each 3 years, contours 2020-2026 o Surface water drainage is effectively managed o Surface cover comprises ~0.2m Visual inspection Once, 2020 soil/subsoil, rock/gravel for erosion protection, and vegetation debris o Native vegetation foliar cover, Botanical Each 3 years, species richness and plant density assessment 2020-2026 50% - 80% of reference sites o Weed cover not greater than reference sites o Discharges from rehabilitated lands Visual inspection Each 3 years, do not result in off-site effects 2020-2026

Table 7-3 Mine Closure Monitoring.

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MANAGEMENT

Cliffs proposes to manage mine closure of the Project in accordance with: o Mine Closure Plan (Cliffs 2016c, Attachment 9), as regulated by DMP under the Mining Act 1978 (WA).

Cliffs has prepared a separate Mine Closure Plan for the Project, consistent with the DMP and EPA (2015) document Guidelines for Preparing Mine Closure Plans. The Mine Closure Plan addresses the following key actions for mine closure: o Mine closure aspects; o Mine closure objectives; o Completion criteria; o Financial provision; and o Monitoring.

Implementation of the Mine Closure Plan will ensure the Project is appropriately decommissioned and rehabilitated.

Whilst aspects of mine closure may also be considered in other Government assessment processes (as outlined by section 4.9 Compliance with Legislation and Other Approvals), Cliffs considers that regulation of mine closure for the Project can be appropriately managed through the Mine Closure Plan as regulated DMP under the Mining Act 1978 (WA). Cliffs does not expect mine closure to be regulated through other statutory processes.

To note, as outlined by Section 4.2 Mining Operations, development of the Mine Pits will be undertaken in a staged approach, with the southern and central Mine Pits (F2 and F3 Mine Pits) developed as an initial ‘Stage 1’, with the northern Mine Pit (F1 Mine Pit) developed later as ‘Stage 2’ (refer to Figure 2-4). The timing for development of ‘Stage 2’ will be subject to the approval conditions under the Environmental Protection Act 1986 (WA) (refer to Section 4.9 Compliance with Legislation and Other Approvals). In an event that only ‘Stage 1’ development of the Mine Pits is undertaken, with ‘Stage 2’ development of the Mine Pits not undertaken, the spatial area and/or elevation of the Waste Rock Landform can be expected to be reduced (due to less waste rock materials being excavated). A reduced spatial area and/or elevation of the Waste Rock Landform will not affect the management or outcomes for mine closure described above.

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7.3 Strategic Framework for Mine Closure

DMP (2006) Guideline: Strategic Framework for Mine Closure o The Australian and New Zealand Minerals and Energy Council (ANZMEC) and the Minerals Council of Australia have developed a strategic framework for mine closure, available at: http://www.doir.wa.gov.au/documents/environment/Shed env_guide_closure.pdf o A summary of the principles and objectives of the framework is provided in Attachment 11. It is recommended that the ANZMEC strategic framework is used managing mine closure and decommissioning.

As identified above, mine closure for the approved Koolyanobbing Range mine operations is undertaken in accordance with a Mine Closure Plan (Cliffs 2015b). The Mine Closure Plan has been prepared consistent with the DMP and EPA (2015) document Guidelines for Preparing Mine Closure Plans and incorporates the principles and objectives of the document Strategic Framework for Mine Closure (ANZMEC & MCA 2000). The Mine Closure Plan has been submitted to DMP for approval, and replaces the previous revision of the Mine Closure Plan (Cliffs 2012) approved by DMP (2013) in accordance with the DMP and EPA (2011) document Guidelines for Preparing Mine Closure Plans (previous revision).

As requested by DMP, Cliffs has prepared a separate Mine Closure Plan for the Project (Cliffs 2016c, Attachment 9). The Mine Closure Plan has been prepared consistent with the DMP and EPA (2015) document Guidelines for Preparing Mine Closure Plans and incorporates the principles and objectives of the document Strategic Framework for Mine Closure (ANZMEC & MCA 2000). To enable Cliffs to implement the Project, DMP is requested to grant approval of the Mine Closure Plan in parallel with approval of this Mining Proposal.

7.4 Submission of Closure Plan Documents

DMP (2006) Guideline: Submission of Closure Plan Documents o The mine closure plan is a living document that should be updated throughout the life of the mining operations and particularly at the following stages: o Mining proposal — preliminary planning for commencement and operational aspects and closure. o AER — operational and incidental aspects, undertaking progressive rehabilitation and continued development and updating of closure plans. o Mine closure and decommissioning — final planning for closure and implementation of decommissioning and final rehabilitation. This is to be submitted prior to the end of the project at a time to be determined by the relevant DMP environmental officer and will depend on the duration of the operation. o The DMP environmental officer should be consulted throughout all three stages to ensure that decommissioning rehabilitation objectives are being met and this will in turn assist to facilitate bond return.

As identified above, mine closure for the approved Koolyanobbing Range mine operations is undertaken in accordance with a Mine Closure Plan (Cliffs 2015b). The Mine Closure Plan has been prepared consistent with the DMP and EPA (2015) document Guidelines for Preparing Mine Closure Plans. The Mine Closure Plan has been submitted to DMP for approval, and replaces the previous revision of the Mine Closure Plan (Cliffs 2012) approved by DMP (2013) in accordance with the DMP and EPA (2011) document Guidelines for Preparing Mine Closure Plans (previous revision).

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implement the Project, DMP is requested to grant approval of the Mine Closure Plan in parallel with approval of this Mining Proposal.

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8 Study Team

Development of this Mining Proposal document has involved a range of supporting consultants. The key consultants and their contributions are acknowledged and appreciated by Cliffs.

Globe Environments Australia Pty Ltd o Project Management www.GlobeEnvironments.com.au o Environmental Assessment

Bamford Consulting Ecologists o Vertebrate Fauna Survey o Invertebrate Fauna Survey

Bennelongia Environmental Consultants o Subterranean Fauna Survey www.Bennelongia.com.au

Biota Environmental Sciences o Vertebrate Fauna Survey www.Biota.net.au o Invertebrate Fauna Survey

Botanic Gardens and Parks Authority o Flora Assessment www.BGPA.wa.gov.au

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Maia Environmental Consultancy Pty Ltd o Flora Survey www.Maia.net.au

MWH Australia Pty Ltd o Soil Characterisation www.MWHGlobal.com

SRK Consulting (Australasia) Pty Ltd o Waste Rock Geochemical www.SRK.com.au Characterisation

Woodman Environmental Consulting o Flora and Vegetation Survey www.WoodmanEnv.com.au

CAD Resources o Mapping and GIS Services www.CADResources.com.au

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9 References

DMP (2006) Guideline: Bibliography o Mining proposals are to contain a complete bibliography of all references cited.

All references cited within this Mining Proposal are identified below. Where an organisational name has changed since the original date of publication, the new organisational name has been used and the former organisational name noted.

Subject to the provisions of the Copyright Act 1968 (C’th), a copy of each reference to which Cliffs has authority to reproduce is provided on the compact disc appended to this Mining Proposal (refer to Section 9 References).

Western Australian legislation cited can be obtained from the State Law Publisher at http://www.slp.wa.gov.au. Australian legislation and International Treaties cited can be obtained from the Australian Legal Information Institute at http://www.austlii.edu.au.

ATA Environmental (2006) Mt Gibson Iron Ore Mine and Infrastructure Project Public Environmental Review. Report prepared by ATA Environmental for Mt Gibson Mining Ltd. April 2006.

Australian and New Zealand Minerals and Energy Council and the Minerals Council of Australia (2000) Strategic Framework for Mine Closure. Commonwealth of Australia, Canberra.

Australian Bureau of Statistics (2013a) 2011 Census QuickStats – Yilgarn. Accessed May 2013 from the Australian Bureau of Statistics website at www.censusdata.abs.gov.au.

Australian Bureau of Statistics (2013b) 2011 Census QuickStats – Esperance. Accessed April 2014 from the Australian Bureau of Statistics website at www.censusdata.abs.gov.au.

Australian Weeds Committee (2012) Weeds of National Significance 2012. Australian Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry.

Bamford Consulting Ecologists (2009a) Investigations into the Distribution and Abundance of the Tree-stem Trapdoor Spider in the Koolyanobbing Area, December 2008. Report prepared by Bamford M (Dr), Smith S and Smith P of Bamford Consulting Ecologists for Cliffs Asia Pacific Iron Ore Pty Ltd. March 2009.

Bamford Consulting Ecologists (2009b) Review of Fauna Studies of the Mt Jackson Range, Western Australia, 2000 to 2008. Report prepared by Bamford M (Dr) and Bancroft W (Dr) of Bamford Consulting Ecologists for Cliffs Asia Pacific Iron Ore Pty Ltd (formerly as Portman Iron Ore Ltd). April 2009.

Bamford Consulting Ecologists (c.2009) Preliminary Summary of Level 2 Fauna Survey Koolyanobbing, F Deposit. Report prepared by Huang N of Bamford Consulting Ecologists for Cliffs Asia Pacific Iron Ore Pty Ltd. March 2009.

Bamford Consulting Ecologists (2010) Fauna Assessment of the Windarling Range W4 Deposit. Report prepared by Bamford M (Dr) and Everard C of Bamford Consulting Ecologists for Cliffs Asia Pacific Iron Ore Pty Ltd. September 2010.

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Bennelongia Pty Ltd (2008) Troglofauna Survey at Koolyanobbing. Report prepared by Trotter A of Bennelongia Pty Ltd for Cliffs Asia Pacific Iron Ore Pty Ltd (formerly as Portman Iron Ore Ltd). November 2008.

Bennelongia Pty Ltd (2014) Troglofauna Survey at Southern Koolyanobbing Range. Report prepared by Trotter A and Halse S of Bennelongia Pty Ltd for Cliffs Asia Pacific Iron Ore Pty Ltd. March 2014.

Biota Environmental Sciences Pty Ltd (2012) A Short Range Endemic Invertebrate Fauna Survey of the Southern Koolyanobbing Range. Report prepared by Watson N (Dr) and Hamilton Z (Dr) of Biota Environmental Sciences Pty Ltd for Cliffs Asia Pacific Iron Ore Pty Ltd. March 2012.

Biota Environmental Sciences Pty Ltd (2014a) Southern Koolyanobbing Range Vertebrate Fauna Survey. Report prepared by Cartledge V (Dr), King J, Keirle D and Eckermann B of Biota Environmental Sciences Pty Ltd for Cliffs Asia Pacific Iron Ore Pty Ltd. Revision 2.2. February 2014.

Biota Environmental Sciences Pty Ltd (2014b) Results of Supplementary Short-Range Endemic Invertebrate Fauna Survey of the Southern Koolyanobbing Range. Report prepared by Teale R of Biota Environmental Sciences Pty Ltd for Cliffs Asia Pacific Iron Ore Pty Ltd. April 2014.

Botanic Gardens and Parks Authority (2014) Population Genetic Variation and its Spatial Structure in Tetratheca erubescens (Elaeocarpaceae). Report prepared by Krauss S (Dr) and Anthony J (Dr) of the Botanic Gardens and Parks Authority for Cliffs Asia Pacific Iron Ore Pty Ltd. July 2014.

Botanic Gardens and Parks Authority (2015) Tetratheca erubescens Habitat Study. Report prepared by Miller B (Dr) of the Botanic Gardens and Parks Authority for Cliffs Asia Pacific Iron Ore Pty Ltd. March 2015.

Bull J P (2007). Tetratheca erubescens (Elaeocarpaceae): A New and Geographically Restricted Species from the Coolgardie Biogeographic Region of south-western Australia. In: Nuytsia. Volume 17.

Bureau of Meteorology (2015a). Climate Statistics for Australia Locations: Southern Cross Airfield. Data for years 1996 to 2015. Accessed March 2015 from the Australian Bureau of Meteorology website at http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_012320.shtml

Bureau of Meteorology (2015b). ARI and AEP. Website page. Accessed March 2015 from the Australian Bureau of Meteorology website at http://reg.bom.gov.au/water/designRainfalls/ifd/glossary.shtml.

Chen S F, Riganti A, Wyche S, Greenfield J E and Nelson D R (2003) Lithostratigraphy and tectonic evolution of contrasting greenstone successions in the central Yilgarn Craton, Western Australia. In: Precambrian Research. Vol 127, pp249-266.

Cliffs Asia Pacific Iron Ore Pty Ltd (1993) Notice of Intent for the Redevelopment of Koolyanobbing Iron Ore Deposits. Report prepared by Dames and Moore for Cliffs Asia Pacific Iron Ore Pty Ltd (formerly as Portman Resources NL). May 1993.

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Cliffs Asia Pacific Iron Ore Pty Ltd (2002) Koolyanobbing Iron Ore Expansion Project - Public Environmental Review. Report prepared by Ecologia Environmental Consultants for Cliffs Asia Pacific Iron Ore Pty Ltd (formerly as Portman Iron Ore Limited). March 2002.

Cliffs Asia Pacific Iron Ore Pty Ltd (2010) Form to nominate a Western Australia species for listing as threatened, change of category or delisting 2010: Aganippe castellum. Application prepared by Cliffs Asia Pacific Iron Ore Pty Ltd to the Department of Parks and Wildlife (formerly as the Department of Environment and Conservation). January 2010.

Cliffs Asia Pacific Iron Ore Pty Ltd (2012) Yilgarn Operations - Koolyanobbing Range Mine Operations - Mine Closure Plan. Report prepared by Harry N of Cliffs Asia Pacific Iron Ore Pty Ltd and Nielsen J of Bluewater Environment. Revision 0. April 2012.

Cliffs Asia Pacific Iron Ore Pty Ltd (2014a) Referral under Section 38 of the Environmental Protection Act 1986 (WA): Yilgarn Operations – Koolyanobbing Range F Deposit. July 2014.

Cliffs Asia Pacific Iron Ore Pty Ltd (2014b) Yilgarn Operations - Groundwater Management Plan. Report prepared by Hawkins S of Globe Environments Australia Pty Ltd and Huntley B of Sustainability Pty Ltd for Cliffs Asia Pacific Iron Ore Pty Ltd. Revision 7. September 2014.

Cliffs Asia Pacific Iron Ore Pty Ltd (2014c) Referral under Section 62(2) of the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (C’th) Koolyanobbing Range F Deposit Project, Shire of Yilgarn, Western Australia. Referral of the Koolyanobbing Range F Deposit Project to the Australian Department of the Environment and Energy (formerly as the Australian Department of the Environment) under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (C’th). June 2014.

Cliffs Asia Pacific Iron Ore Pty Ltd (2014d) Yilgarn Operations - Koolyanobbing Range F Deposit - Assessment of the Threatened Taxa Category for Tetratheca erubescens using IUCN (2012) Criteria. Report prepared by Hawkins S of Globe Environments Australia Pty Ltd for Cliffs Asia Pacific Iron Ore Pty Ltd. Revision D. December 2014.

Cliffs Asia Pacific Iron Ore Pty Ltd (2014e) Yilgarn Operations - Windarling Range 2013 Annual Tetratheca paynterae Monitoring. Report prepared by Greenacre K of Cliffs Asia Pacific Iron Ore Pty Ltd. Revision 0. April 2014.

Cliffs Asia Pacific Iron Ore Pty Ltd (2015a) Yilgarn Operations - Koolyanobbing Range F Deposit – Environmental Protection Act 1986 (WA) – Environmental Impact Assessment (Public Environmental Review). Report prepared by Hawkins S of Globe Environments Australia Pty Ltd for Cliffs Asia Pacific Iron Ore Pty Ltd. Revision E. September 2015.

Cliffs Asia Pacific Iron Ore Pty Ltd (2015b) Yilgarn Operations - Mine Closure Plan. Report prepared by Harry N of Cliffs Asia Pacific Iron Ore Pty Ltd. Revision 0. April 2015.

Cliffs Asia Pacific Iron Ore Pty Ltd (2016a) Yilgarn Operations - Flora and Vegetation Management Plan. Report prepared by Howard R (Dr) for Cliffs Asia Pacific Iron Ore Pty Ltd. Revision G. June 2016.

Cliffs Asia Pacific Iron Ore Pty Ltd (2016b) Yilgarn Operations - Fauna Management Plan. Report prepared by Greenacre K of Cliffs Asia Pacific Iron Ore Pty Ltd. Revision 1. March 2013.

146 Yilgarn Operations Cliffs Asia Pacific Iron Ore Pty Ltd Koolyanobbing Range F Deposit Mining Proposal – Mining Leases M77/607-I, M77/989-I, M77/990-I and M77/1278-I January 2017 (Revision E)

Cliffs Asia Pacific Iron Ore Pty Ltd (2016c) Yilgarn Operations Koolyanobbing Range F Deposit Mine Closure Plan Tenements M77/607-I, M77-989-I, M77/990-I and M77/1278-I. Report prepared by Harry N (Senior Environmental Advisor – Mine Closure) of Cliffs Asia Pacific Iron Ore Pty Ltd. Revision F. September 2016.

Cliffs Asia Pacific Iron Ore Pty Ltd (2016d) Annual Environmental Report. 2015 Annual Environmental Report submitted by Cliffs Asia Pacific Iron Ore Pty Ltd to the Department of Mines and Petroleum for the Yilgarn Operations. DMP Reference ID AER-338-13250. March 2016.

Cliffs Asia Pacific Iron Ore Pty Ltd (2016e) Yilgarn Operations - Koolyanobbing Range E Deposit - Mining Act 1978 (WA) Mining Proposal - Addendum to Notice of Intent 1303 – Mining Lease M77/607-I. Report prepared by Hawkins S of Globe Environments Australia Pty Ltd for Cliffs Asia Pacific Iron Ore Pty Ltd. Revision B. May 2016.

Cliffs Asia Pacific Iron Ore Pty Ltd (2016f) Application form: works approval / licence. Application submitted by Cliffs Asia Pacific Iron Ore Pty Ltd to the Department of Environmental Regulation to amend Licence 5850 under the Environmental Protection Act 1986 (WA) to include the Koolyanobbing Range F Deposit Project. February 2016.

Cliffs Asia Pacific Iron Ore Pty Ltd (2016g) Annual Environmental Report. 2015 Annual Environmental Report submitted by Cliffs Asia Pacific Iron Ore Pty Ltd to the Department of Mines and Petroleum for the Deception Deposit. DMP Reference ID AER-073-13251. March 2016.

Cliffs Asia Pacific Iron Ore Pty Ltd (2016h) Yilgarn Operations Koolyanobbing Range F Deposit Tetratheca erubescens Environmental Offsets Plan. Report prepared by Hawkins S of Globe Environments Australia Pty Ltd and Howard, R (Dr) for Cliffs Asia Pacific Iron Ore Pty Ltd. Revision D, May 2016.

Cliffs Natural Resources Incorporated (2014) Environmental Policy. October 2014.

Cliffs Natural Resources Incorporated (2015) Form 10-K (Annual Report). 2014 Annual Report. February 2015.

Data Analysis Australia Pty Ltd (2011) Review of Tetratheca paynterae ssp. paynterae Sampling Methodology. Report prepared by Henstridge J, Thompson P and Munday A of Data Analysis Australia Pty Ltd for Cliffs Natural Resources Pty Ltd. April 2001.

Department for Environment and Heritage (2007) National Recovery Plan for Malleefowl Leipoa ocellata. Report prepared by Benshemesh J for the Department for Environment and Heritage South Australia.

Department of Aboriginal Affairs (2015a) Aboriginal Heritage Inquiry System Aboriginal Sites Database: Mining Tenement M77/607-I. Accessed May 2015 from the Department of Aboriginal Affairs website at http://maps.dia.wa.gov.au/AHIS2/.

Department of Aboriginal Affairs (2015b) Aboriginal Heritage Inquiry System Aboriginal Sites Database: Mining Tenement M77/989-I. Accessed May 2015 from the Department of Aboriginal Affairs website at http://maps.dia.wa.gov.au/AHIS2/.

Department of Aboriginal Affairs (2015c) Aboriginal Heritage Inquiry System Aboriginal Sites Database: Mining Tenement M77/990-I. Accessed May 2015 from the Department of Aboriginal Affairs website at http://maps.dia.wa.gov.au/AHIS2/.

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Department of Aboriginal Affairs (2015d) Aboriginal Heritage Inquiry System Aboriginal Sites Database: Mining Tenement M77/1278-I. Accessed May 2015 from the Department of Aboriginal Affairs website at http://maps.dia.wa.gov.au/AHIS2/.

Department of Aboriginal Affairs (2015e) Aboriginal Heritage Inquiry System Aboriginal Sites Database http://maps.dia.wa.gov.au/AHIS2/.

Department of Aboriginal Affairs (2015f) Aboriginal Heritage Inquiry System Aboriginal Sites Database: Registered Sites - Shire of Yilgarn. Accessed March 2015 from the Department of Aboriginal Affairs website at http://maps.dia.wa.gov.au/AHIS2/.

Department of Aboriginal Affairs (2015g) Aboriginal Heritage Inquiry System Aboriginal Sites Database: Other Heritage Places - Shire of Yilgarn. Accessed March 2015 from the Department of Aboriginal Affairs website at http://maps.dia.wa.gov.au/AHIS2/.

Department of Environmental Regulation (2016) Licence - Environmental Protection Act 1986, Part V. Licence 5850. Approval under s57(3) of the Environmental Protection Act 1986 (WA) granted to Cliffs Asia Pacific Iron Ore Pty Ltd. September 2016.

Department of Mines and Petroleum (1993) Re-development of Koolyanobbing Iron Ore Mine. Approval for Notice of Intent 1303 granted by the Department of Mines and Petroleum (formerly as the Department of Minerals and Energy) to Cliffs Asia Pacific Iron Ore Pty Ltd (formerly as Portman Mining Ltd) for the redevelopment of the Koolyanobbing Range mine operations. August 1993.

Department of Mines and Petroleum (1997) Safety Bund Walls Around Abandoned Open Pit Mines. Prepared by the Department of Mines and Petroleum (formerly as the Department of Industry and Resources). Guideline ZMA048HA. December 1997.

Department of Mines and Petroleum (2003) Koolyanobbing – Northern Expansion Project – Mining Leases 77/99, 1000, 1001, 996, 997, 998, 611, 990 & Mining Lease Applications 77/1038, 1039 & 1040 – Approval for Notice of Intent No. 4450. Approval granted by the Department of Mines and Petroleum (formerly as the Department of Industry and Resources) to Cliffs Asia Pacific Iron Ore Pty Ltd (formerly as Portman Iron Ore Ltd) for the Windarling Range and Mt Jackson Range mine operations. December 2003.

Department of Mines and Petroleum (2006) Mining Environmental Management Guidelines – Mining Proposals in WA. Prepared by the Department of Mines and Petroleum (formerly as the Department of Industry and Resources). February 2006.

Department of Mines and Petroleum (2012) Approval for Mining Proposal – Yilgarn Operations Revision D – Windarling Range W4 East Deposit Project: Mining Act 1978 Mining Proposal Addendum to Notice of Intent Tenement M77/999 – October 2012, Registration ID: 36415. Approval granted by the Department of Mines and Petroleum to Cliffs Asia Pacific Iron Ore Pty Ltd for the Windarling Range W4 East Deposit Project. November 2012.

Department of Mines and Petroleum (2013) Approval for Mine Closure Plan – Yilgarn Operations – Koolyanobbing Mining Operations, Mine Closure Plan for M77/606, M77/607, M77/611, M77/990, L77/143 and L22/219, Registration ID 35268. Approval granted by the Department of Mines and Petroleum to Cliffs Asia Pacific Iron Ore Pty Ltd for the Koolyanobbing Range Mine Operations Mine Closure Plan. May 2013.

Department of Mines and Petroleum (2016a) Mining Tenement Register Search M77/607-I. Mineral Titles Online System. June 2016.

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Department of Mines and Petroleum (2016b) Mining Tenement Register Search M77/989-I. Mineral Titles Online System. June 2016.

Department of Mines and Petroleum (2016c) Mining Tenement Register Search M77/990-I. Mineral Titles Online System. June 2016.

Department of Mines and Petroleum (2016d) Mining Tenement Register Search M77/1278-I. Mineral Titles Online System. June 2016.

Department of Mines and Petroleum and Environmental Protection Authority (2011) Guidelines for Preparing Mine Closure Plans. June 2011.

Department of Mines and Petroleum and Environmental Protection Authority (2015) Guidelines for Preparing Mine Closure Plans. May 2015.

Department of Parks and Wildlife (2003) Permit to Take Declared Rare Flora. Licence 217/03 granted by the Department of Parks and Wildlife (formerly as the Department of Conservation and Land Management) to Cliffs Asia Pacific Iron Ore Pty Ltd (formerly as Portman Iron Ore Ltd) to take individuals of the Rare Flora taxon Tetratheca paynterae ssp. paynterae at the Windarling Range. December 2003.

Department of Parks and Wildlife (2004) Flora Nomination Form to be considered at the 2005 TSSC Meeting: Tetratheca erubescens ms. Prepared by the Department of Parks and Wildlife (formerly as the Department of Conservation and Land Management). December 2004.

Department of Parks and Wildlife (2008) Issues Paper: Northern Yilgarn (Mt Manning Range, Mt Elvire and Jaurdi) Conservation Reserves Management Plan. Prepared by the Department of Parks and Wildlife (formerly as the Department of Environment and Conservation). March 2008.

Department of Parks and Wildlife (2011) Permit to Take Declared Rare Flora. Licence 77-1112 granted by the Department of Parks and Wildlife (formerly as the Department of Conservation and land Management) to Cliffs Asia Pacific Iron Ore Pty Ltd to take individuals of the Rare Flora taxa Ricinocarpos brevis and Tetratheca paynterae at the Windarling Range. September 2011.

Department of Parks and Wildlife (2012) Permit to Take Declared Rare Flora. Licence 77-1113 granted by the Department of Parks and Wildlife (formerly as the Department of Conservation and land Management) to Cliffs Asia Pacific Iron Ore Pty Ltd to take individuals of the Rare Flora taxon Ricinocarpos brevis at the Windarling Range. October 2012.

Department of Parks and Wildlife (2013) Results of TEC/PEC Search - Jackson (CAD) (Our Ref: 19- 01113EC). Email of Priority Ecological Community Data supplied by the Department of Parks and Wildlife to CAD Resources on behalf of Cliffs Asia Pacific Iron Ore Pty Ltd. November 2013.

Department of Parks and Wildlife (2014a) No Title. List of Specially Protected Fauna and Priority Fauna. December 2014.

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Department of Parks and Wildlife (2014b) Spartothamnella canescens (Lamiaceae: Chloantheae), a new species from Western and Central Australia, with notes on the status of S. sp. Helena & Aurora Range. In: Nuytsia. The Journal of the Western Australian Herbarium. Report prepared by Theile K R and Shepherd K A of the Western Australian Herbarium of the Department of Parks and Wildlife. Volume 24, pages 177-185. August 2014.

Department of Parks and Wildlife (2015) Permit to Take Declared Rare Flora. Licence 156-1415 granted by the Department of Parks and Wildlife to Cliffs Asia Pacific Iron Ore Pty Ltd to take seeds of the Rare Flora taxon Tetratheca erubescens at the Koolyanobbing Range. March 2015.

Department of Parks and Wildlife (2016a) FloraBase. Available at www.FloraBase.dpaw.wa.gov.au. Accessed April 2016.

Department of Parks and Wildlife (2016b) NatureMap: Tetratheca erubescens. Accessed April 2016 from the Department of Parks and Wildlife NatureMap website at www.naturemap.dec.wa.gov.au.

Department of Parks and Wildlife (2016c) NatureMap: Beyeria rostellata. Accessed April 2016 from the Department of Parks and Wildlife NatureMap website at www.naturemap.dec.wa.gov.au.

Department of Parks and Wildlife (2016d) NatureMap: Acacia dissona var. indoloria. Accessed April 2016 from the Department of Parks and Wildlife NatureMap website at www.naturemap.dec.wa.gov.au.

Department of Parks and Wildlife (2016e) NatureMap: Hibbertia lepidocalyx subsp. tuberculata. Accessed April 2016 from the Department of Parks and Wildlife NatureMap website at www.naturemap.dec.wa.gov.au.

Department of Parks and Wildlife (2016f) NatureMap: Lepidosperma ferricola. Accessed April 2016 from the Department of Parks and Wildlife NatureMap website at www.naturemap.dec.wa.gov.au.

Department of Parks and Wildlife (2016g) NatureMap: Stenanthemum newbeyi. Accessed April 2016 from the Department of Parks and Wildlife NatureMap website at www.naturemap.dec.wa.gov.au.

Department of Parks and Wildlife (2016h) NatureMap: Banksia arborea. Accessed April 2016 from the Department of Parks and Wildlife NatureMap website at www.naturemap.dec.wa.gov.au.

Department of Parks and Wildlife (2016i) NatureMap: Leipoa ocellata. Accessed April 2016 from www.naturemap.dec.wa.gov.au.

Department of Parks and Wildlife (2016j) NatureMap: Merops ornatus. Accessed April 2016 from www.naturemap.dec.wa.gov.au.

Department of Parks and Wildlife (2016k) NatureMap: Cacatua leadbeateri. Accessed April 2016 from www.naturemap.dec.wa.gov.au.

Department of Parks and Wildlife (2016l) NatureMap: Aganippe castellum. Accessed April 2016 from www.naturemap.dec.wa.gov.au.

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Department of the Environment and Energy (2014c) Notification of Referral Decision – Not a Controlled Action: Koolyanobbing Range F Deposit iron ore mine development, Shire of Yilgarn, WA (EPBC 2014/7254). Decision under s75 of the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (C’th) by the Australian Department of the Environment and Energy (formerly as the Australian Department of the Environment) to Cliffs Asia Pacific Iron Ore Pty Ltd. August 2014.

Department of the Environment and Energy (2014d) Leipoa ocellata Malleefowl. In: Species Profile and Threats Database. Accessed February 2014 from the Department of the Environment and Energy (formerly as the Department of Environment) website at www.environment.gov.au/cgi-bin/sprat/public/publicspecies.pl?taxon_id=934.

Department of the Environment and Energy (2014e) Merops ornatus Rainbow Bee-eater. In: Species Profile and Threats Database. Accessed May 2014 from the Department of the Environment and Energy (formerly as the Department of Environment) website at www.environment.gov.au/cgi-bin/sprat/public/publicspecies.pl?taxon_id=670.

Department of the Environment and Energy (2016a) EPBC Act List of Threatened Fauna. Accessed April 2016 from the Department of the Environment and Energy (formerly as the Department of Environment) website at www.environment.gov.au/cgi- bin/sprat/public/publicthreatenedlist.pl?wanted=fauna.

Department of the Environment and Energy (2016b) EPBC Migratory Species Lists. Accessed April 2016 from the Department of the Environment and Energy (formerly as the Department of Environment) website at www.environment.gov.au/cgi- bin/sprat/public/publicshowmigratory.pl.

Department of the Environment and Energy (2016c) Australia’s National Heritage List. Accessed April 2016 from the Department of the Environment and Energy (formerly as the Department of Environment) website at http://www.environment.gov.au/heritage/places/national/index.html.

Department of Water (2014) Licence to Take Water. Licence GWL154459 under s5C of the Rights in Water and Irrigation Act 1914 (WA) granted to Cliffs Asia Pacific Iron Ore Pty Ltd. August 2014.

Department of Water (2015) Licence to Construct or Alter Well. Licence CAW181766(1) under s26D of the Rights in Water and Irrigation Act 1914 (WA) granted to Cliffs Asia Pacific Iron Ore Pty Ltd. November 2015.

Ecologia Environment (2001) Koolyanobbing Expansion Project Fauna Assessment Survey. Report prepared by Ecologia Environment for Cliffs Asia Pacific Iron Ore Pty Ltd (formerly as Portman Iron Ore Ltd).

Ecologia Environment (2013) J4 Mine and Haul Road Flora and Vegetation Assessment. Report prepared by Parker C and Campos M of Ecologia Environment for Polaris Metals Pty Ltd. December 2013.

Environmental Protection Authority (2003) Ravensthorpe Nickel Project, Change to Environmental Conditions. Report of the Environmental Protection Authority to the Minister for the Environment under Section 44 of the Environmental Protection Act 1986 (WA). Report 1093. April 2003.

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Environmental Protection Authority (2006) Mt Gibson Iron Ore Mine and Infrastructure Project. Report of the Environmental Protection Authority to the Minister for the Environment under Section 44 of the Environmental Protection Act 1986 (WA). Report 1242. November 2006.

Environmental Protection Authority (2016) Yilgarn Operations - Koolyanobbing Range F Deposit. Report of the Environmental Protection Authority to the Minister for the Environment under Section 44 of the Environmental Protection Act 1986 (WA). Report 1581. September 2016.

Farmer A M (1993) The effects of dust on vegetation – a review. In: Environmental Pollution. Volume 79 p63-75. Elsevier Science Limited.

Gibson N, Coates D J and Thiele K R (2007) Taxonomic research and the conservation status of flora in the Yilgarn Banded Iron Formation ranges. In: Nuytsia. Vol 17, p 1-12, ISSN 0085-4417. Published by the Western Australian Herbarium of the Department of Environment and Conservation, Bentley, Western Australia.

Green R and Borden R K (2011) Geochemical Risk Assessment Process for Rio Tinto’s Pilbara Iron Ore Mines. In: Integrated Waste Management. Volume 1. Kumar S (Ed.). August 2011.

Heritage Council of Western Australia (2015) State Heritage Register Database Search – Yilgarn Local Government Area. Accessed April 2015 from the Heritage Council of Western Australia website http://inherit.stateheritage.wa.gov.au/public.

Hirano T, Kiyota M and Aiga I (1995) Physical effects of dust on leaf physiology of cucumber and kidney bean plants. In: Environmental Pollution. Volume 89 p255-261. Elsevier Science Limited.

International Union for Conservation of Nature (2001) IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 3.1. IUCN Species Survival Commission, Switzerland and United Kingdom.

International Union for Conservation of Nature (2012) IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 3.1. Second Edition. IUCN Species Survival Commission, Switzerland and United Kingdom.

International Union for Conservation of Nature (2014a) Merops ornatus. In: IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. Accessed May 2014 from the International Union for Conservation of Nature website at www.iucnredlist.org/details/full/22683753/0.

International Union for Conservation of Nature (2014b) Cacatua leadbeateri Species Distribution. Accessed May 2014 from the International Union for Conservation of Nature website at http://maps.iucnredlist.org/map.html?id=22684767.

International Union for Conservation of Nature (2014c) Cacatua leadbeateri. In: IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. Accessed May 2014 from the International Union for Conservation of Nature website at www.iucnredlist.org/details/full/22684767/0.

Joint Ore Reserves Committee (2004) Australasian Code for Reporting Exploration Results, Mineral Resources and Ore Reserves. Prepared by the Joint Ore Reserves Committee (JORC) of the Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, the Australian Institute of Geoscientists and the Mineral Council of Australia. December 2004.

Maia Environmental Consultancy Pty Ltd (2013) Southern Koolyanobbing Range Tetratheca erubescens Census. Report prepared by Haycock R, Hitchcock S and Cox C of Maia Environmental Consultancy Pty Ltd for Cliffs Asia Pacific Iron Ore Pty Ltd. Revision 2. August 2013.

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Matsuki M, Gardener M R, Smith A, Howard R K and Gove A (2016) Impacts of Dust on Plant Health, Survivorship and Plant Communities in Semi-arid Environments. In: Austral Ecology. Volume 41, Issue 4. June 2016.

MWH Australia Pty Ltd (2015) Southern Koolyanobbing Range F Deposit Soil Characterisation. Report prepared by Smedley B and MacDonald S of MWH Australia Pty Ltd for Cliffs Asia Pacific Iron Ore Pty Ltd. Revision 3. June 2015.

National Native Title Tribunal (2016a) Western Australia Native Title Applications and Determination Areas. Map of areas recorded by the Federal Court as at 31 December 2015. Map dated January 2016.

National Native Title Tribunal (2016b) Goldfields Native Title Applications and Determination Areas. Map of areas recorded by the Federal Court as at 31 December 2015. Map dated January 2016.

National Native Title Tribunal (2016c) Search Register of Native Title Claims – Yilgarn. Accessed February 2016 from the National Native Title Tribunal website at www.NNTT.gov.au.

Natural Heritage Trust (c.2007) National Manual for the Malleefowl Monitoring System: Standards, Protocols and Monitoring Procedures.

Ravensthorpe Nickel Operations Pty Ltd (2002) Ravensthorpe Nickel Project Section 46 Review. June 2002.

Rockwater Pty Ltd (2011) Koolyanobbing A, B, C Pits – Assessment of Dewatering Rates and Final Void Water Levels. Report prepared by de Broekert P of Rockwater Pty Ltd for Cliffs Asia Pacific Iron Ore Pty Ltd. June 2011.

Rockwater Pty Ltd (2013) Windarling, Mt Jackson and Koolyanobbing Iron Ore Mines – Bore Completion and Test Pumping Report 2012-2013. Report prepared by Kasperkiewicz C and de Broekert P of Rockwater Pty Ltd for Cliffs Asia Pacific Iron Ore Pty Ltd. August 2013.

Russell M G (2008) Abundance, Distribution and Habitat Requirements of the Tree-Stem Trapdoor spider, Aganippe castellum (Arachnida: Idiopidae) in the eastern West Australian Wheatbelt. Masters Thesis. Edith Cowan University, Western Australia.

SGS Systems and Services Certification Pty Ltd (2015) System Certification Cliffs Asia Pacific Iron Ore Limited. ISO14001:2004 Environmental Management System Certification granted by SGS Systems and Services Certification Pty Ltd to Cliffs Asia Pacific Iron Ore Pty Ltd for the Koolyanobbing Range, Windarling Range and Mt Jackson Range mine operations. October 2015.

Soil Water Consultants (2009) Pre-mine Waste Characterisation for the Proposed Pit A Expansion and Waste Dump Area, Koolyanobbing Minesite. Report prepared by Pratt A of Soil Water Consultants (Soil Water Resources Pty Ltd) for Cliffs Natural Resources Pty Ltd on behalf of the Koolyanobbing Alliance. Revision C. May 2009.

Soil Water Consultants (2010) Pre-mine Soil and Waste Characterisation for the Proposed B & C Pits and the associated Waste Dump Area, Koolyanobbing Minesite. Report prepared by Pratt A of Soil Water Consultants (Soil Water Resources Pty Ltd) for Cliffs Natural Resources Pty Ltd. Revision C. March 2010.

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Soil Water Consultants (2011a) Koolyanobbing Deposit A Pit Geochemical Characterisation. Report prepared by Pratt A of Soil Water Consultants (Soil Water Resources Pty Ltd) for Cliffs Asia Pacific Iron Ore Pty Ltd. Revision A. June 2011.

Soil Water Consultants (2011b) Koolyanobbing Deposit B Pit Geochemical Characterisation. Report prepared by Pratt A of Soil Water Consultants (Soil Water Resources Pty Ltd) for Cliffs Asia Pacific Iron Ore Pty Ltd. Revision C. June 2011.

Soil Water Consultants (2011c) Koolyanobbing Deposit C Pit Geochemical Characterisation. Report prepared by Pratt A of Soil Water Consultants (Soil Water Resources Pty Ltd) for Cliffs Asia Pacific Iron Ore Pty Ltd. Revision C. June 2011.

Soil Water Consultants (2014) Koolyanobbing Kinetics Investigation. Report prepared by Castlehouse H of Soil Water Consultants (Soil Water Resources Pty Ltd) for Cliffs Asia Pacific Iron Ore Pty Ltd. Revision C1. March 2014.

Southern Ports Authority (2014) Esperance Ports Sea and Land Annual Report 2014. Report by Southern Ports Authority (formerly as Esperance Ports Sea and Land). September 2014.

SRK Consulting Australasia Pty Ltd (2015) Yilgarn Operations - Koolyanobbing Range F Deposit Waste Rock Geochemical Characterisation. Report prepared by Watson A of SRK Consulting Australasia Pty Ltd for Cliffs Asia Pacific Iron Ore Pty Ltd. Revision 2. November 2015.Van Etten, E (2016) Independent peer review of the Koolyanobbing Range F Deposit mining proposal: Assessment of potential impacts on Tetratheca erubescens. Report prepared by van Etten E (Dr) of Edith Cowan University for the Environmental Protection Authority. April 2016.

Western Australian Minister for Aboriginal Affairs (2003) Portman Iron Ore Limited – Expansion to Koolyanobbing Northern Tenements – Windarling and Mt Jackson, North of Southern Cross. Consent granted under s18 of the Aboriginal Heritage Act 1972 (WA) by the Minister for Aboriginal Affairs (formerly as the Minister for Indigenous Affairs) to Cliffs Asia Pacific Iron Ore Pty Ltd (formerly as Portman Iron Ore Ltd). July 2003.

Western Australian Minister for Environment (2006) Wildlife Conservation (Rare Flora) Notice 2006. In: Western Australian Government Gazette. Number 103. June 2006.

Western Australian Minister for Environment (2003) Koolyanobbing Iron Ore Expansion, Windarling Range and Mt Jackson, Shire of Yilgarn. Statement 627. Approval granted to Cliffs Asia Pacific Iron Ore Pty Ltd (formerly as Portman Iron Ore Ltd) under s45(5) of the Environmental Protection Act 1986 (WA). June 2003.

Western Australian Minister for Environment (2012) Yilgarn Operations Windarling Range W4 East Deposit. Statement 909. Approval granted to Cliffs Asia Pacific Iron Ore Pty Ltd under s45(5) of the Environmental Protection Act 1986 (WA). October 2012.

Western Australian Minister for Environment (2014) Yilgarn Operations - Windarling Range, Mt Jackson Range and Deception Deposit – Shire of Yilgarn and Shire of Menzies. Statement 982. Approval granted to Cliffs Asia Pacific Iron Ore Pty Ltd under s46 of the Environmental Protection Act 1986 (WA). September 2014.

Western Australian Minister for Environment (2015a) Wildlife Conservation (Rare Flora) Notice 2015. In: Western Australian Government Gazette. No. 166. November 2015.

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Western Australian Minister for Environment (2015b) Wildlife Conservation (Specially Protected Fauna) Notice 2015. In: Western Australian Government Gazette. No. 166. November 2015.

Western Botanical (2009) Flora and Vegetation of the Western Jackson Range (Mt Jackson Range), Western Australia. Report prepared by Mc Nee S and Cockerton G of Western Botanical for Cliffs Asia Pacific Iron Ore Pty Ltd (formerly as Portman Iron Ore Ltd). April 2009.

Western Botanical (2012a) Results of 2006 Reconnaissance Field Survey, Helena and Aurora Range. Report prepared by Cockerton G of Western Botanical for Polaris Metals Pty Ltd. December 2012.

Western Botanical (2012b) Flora and Vegetation of the Windarling Range. Report prepared by Eckermann B of Western Botanical for Cliffs Asia Pacific Iron Ore Pty Ltd. December 2012.

Woodman Environmental Consulting Pty Ltd (2014) Southern Koolyanobbing Range Flora and Vegetation Assessment. Report prepared by Coultas D of Woodman Environmental Consulting Pty Ltd for Cliffs Asia Pacific Iron Ore Pty Ltd. Revision 0. February 2014.

World Association of Zoos and Aquariums (2014) Major Mitchell's Cockatoo (Cacatua leadbeateri). Accessed May 2014 from the World Association of Zoos and Aquariums website at www.waza.org/en/zoo/visit-the-zoo/parrots/cacatua-leadbeateri.

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Attach Compact Disc including Mining Proposal and References

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10 Glossary

SYMBOLS AND ACRONYMS

% percent > greater than ≥ greater than or equal to < less than 0 angle in degrees 0C temperature in degrees Celsius A$ Australian dollars AHD Australian Height Datum AMD acid and metaliferous drainage AS/NZS Australian Standard and New Zealand Standard CCG Community Consultation Group C’th Commonwealth of Australia DAA Department of Aboriginal Affairs (WA) DMP Department of Mines and Petroleum (WA) DoW Department of Water (WA) DEE Department of the Environment and Energy (C’th) DPaW Department of Parks and Wildlife (WA) EMP Environmental Management Plan EMS Environmental Management System EPA Environmental Protection Authority (WA) Fe iron (chemical symbol) GL gigalitre GL/y gigalitres per year ha hectare ISO International Standards Organisation km kilometre L/s litres per second m metre M million Mt million tonnes M77/1001-I mining lease (example alpha-numeric code) N/A not applicable s section (in relation to legislation) SPA Southern Ports Authority WA Western Australia

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TERMS

The terms used in this document have the following meanings:

Abandonment Bund means an earthen embankment placed around the crest of a mine pit at a distance not potentially susceptible to mine pit wall collapse in order to discourage inadvertent human access to an abandoned mine pit.

Acid and Metaliferous Drainage (AMD) means a mobilised sulphuric acid leachate (acid drainage) generated from the oxidation of sulphur present within waste rock material, which in turn, can cause the release of metals into the leachate (metaliferous drainage).

Annual Recurrence Interval (ARI) means the average or expected value of the periods between exceedances of a given rainfall total accumulated over a given duration (as defined in BoM 2015b). A rainfall event of 1:10 ARI has a 9.5% chance of being equalled or exceeded within any one year (percentage expressed as an Annual Exceedance Probability (AEP)).

Cliffs means Cliffs Asia Pacific Iron Ore Pty Ltd, unless otherwise stated.

Dewatering means the process of extracting groundwater to the surface that is undertaken to result in a temporary reduction in the elevation of the groundwater.

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) means the process of environmental assessment under Part IV of the Environmental Protection Act 1986 (WA).

Environmental Management Plan (EMP) means a written document outlining actions for the identification, control and monitoring of a specific environmental aspect(s).

Environmental Management System (EMS) means a documented and coordinated series of plans, procedures, policy and personnel used to manage the aspects and impacts for a range of environmental factor(s).

Fauna means animals, both indigenous and introduced.

Flora means plants, both indigenous and introduced.

JORC Code means the Australasian Code for Reporting Exploration Results, Mineral Resources and Ore Reserves (JORC 2004).

Koolyanobbing Range F Deposit means the iron ore deposit located within Mining Lease M77/989-I within the area of the Mine Pits.

Yilgarn Operations means the iron ore mining operations at the Koolyanobbing Range, Windarling Range, Mt Jackson Range and the Deception Deposit, ore handling plant at Koolyanobbing, and road and rail facilities connecting the mine operations to the Port of Esperance where the processed ore is exported to international customers.

Migratory Species means a species of fauna declared by the Australian Minister for Environment and protected under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (C’th) comprising of the entire population or any geographically separate part of the population of any species or lower taxon of wild animals, a significant proportion of whose members cyclically and predictably cross one or more national jurisdictional boundaries.

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Mine Closure means the processes by which mine infrastructure is removed, actions are undertaken to ensure safety, contaminated areas are remediated, and impacted areas are rehabilitated to restore their environmental values.

Mine Pits means the ground excavations to access the ore of the Koolyanobbing Range F Deposit within Mining Lease M77/989-I.

Native Title means the recognition by Australian law that some Indigenous people have rights and interests to land that arise from their traditional laws and customs. Native Title rights may be exclusive (occupy to the exclusion of others) or non-exclusive.

Priority means a classification by DEC of a flora species, fauna species or vegetation unit that may be known from one or a few occurrences, may or may not be under threat, or may or may not be otherwise rare. Classifications are made by DEC and have no specific legal protection under the Wildlife Conservation Act 1950 (WA) or the Environmental Protection Act 1986 (WA), other than the general protection that may be afforded to flora and fauna generally under such legislation.

Proponent means Cliffs Asia Pacific Iron Ore Pty Ltd as the proponent for the Koolyanobbing Range F Deposit Project.

Rare Flora means a flora species afforded specific protection under the Wildlife Conservation Act 1950 (WA) due to that species being rare or likely to become extinct or otherwise in need of special protection.

Specially Protected Fauna means a fauna species afforded specific protection under the Wildlife Conservation Act 1950 (WA) due to that species being rare, likely to become extinct, presumed extinct, subject to an international agreement between the Government of Australian and the Governments of Japan or China or Korea, or otherwise in need of special protection.

Species means the fundamental category of biological classification for flora and fauna, composed of genetically related individuals that share common characteristics and are capable of breeding between individuals.

Support Infrastructure means the infrastructure and facilities necessary to support mining development, and include ore stockpiles, rehabilitation stockpiles, mine roads, administration facilities, equipment storage facilities, water storage dams, and power generation facilities.

Taxa means a taxonomic category in reference to a species or genus.

Threatened Species means a species of flora or fauna declared by the Australian Minister for Environment and protected under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (C’th) as a matter of national environmental significance for being extinct, facing a risk of extinction, or in need of a conservation program to prevent the species from a risk of extinction. Threatened Species are allocated a category of extinct, extinct in the wild, critically endangered, endangered, vulnerable or conservation dependent.

Vegetation means an assemblage of flora species.

Waste Rock means the soil and rock material mined from a mine pit that does not contain a concentration of iron at an economic grade (which may change subject to market specifications and available technologies).

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Waste Rock Landform means a designed, engineered and constructed structure made of waste rock.

Koolyanobbing Range F Deposit Project means the proposal to develop the Koolyanobbing Range F Deposit and includes the Koolyanobbing Range F Deposit Mine Pits, Koolyanobbing Range F Deposit Waste Rock Landform and the Koolyanobbing Range F Deposit Support Infrastructure, but does not include (a) the pre-existing components of Cliffs’ Yilgarn Operations, (b) surveys and/or investigations of a geological or geotechnical or environmental or hydrological or planning or heritage nature (including any potential for environmental effects associated with such surveys and/or investigations), (c) changes in asset ownership or land tenure, or (d) approval or consent or agreement associated with the existing components of Cliffs’ Yilgarn Operations or surveys or investigations or ownership or tenure.

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11 Attachments

DMP (2006) Guideline: Appendices o Appendices should contain technical data, other approvals, results of surveys (soils, water, flora, fauna, Aboriginal matters), and relevant correspondence with other stakeholders such as the shire, pastoralist, DEC and other decision making authorities.

The attachments listed below contain the relevant tenement reports, policy, plans and procedures relevant to implementation of the Project. Subject to the provisions of the Copyright Act 1968 (C’th), a copy of survey reports, statutory approvals and other general correspondence is provided on the compact disc appended to this Mining Proposal (refer to Section 9 References).

Attachment 1 Mining Tenement Report Mining Lease M77/607-I (DMP 2016a)

Attachment 2 Mining Tenement Report Mining Lease M77/989-I (DMP 2016b)

Attachment 3 Mining Tenement Report Mining Lease M77/990-I (DMP 2016c)

Attachment 4 Mining Tenement Report Mining Lease M77/1278-I (DMP 2016d)

Attachment 5 Environmental Policy (Cliffs Natural Resources 2014)

Attachment 6 AS/NZS ISO 14001:2004 Environmental Management System Certification (SGS 2015)

Attachment 7 Flora and Vegetation Management Plan (Cliffs 2016a)

Attachment 8 Fauna Management Plan (Cliffs 2016b)

Attachment 9 Mine Closure Plan (Cliffs 2016c)

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