Thesis/ Reports Le�-Chadde
Rare Plants of the Sacramento Mountains
ScottLee-Chadde LauraFoster Huenneke
Department of Biology New Mexico State University Las Cruces, NM 88003
Produced as a contributionto the EcosystemsNeeds Assessment for the Sacramento Mountains for the RockyMountain Forest and Range Experiment Station USDA Forest Service RarePlants of the Sacramento Mountains
Scott Lee-Chadde LauraFoster Huenneke
Departmentof Biology New MexicoState University Las Cruces, NM 88003
Produced as acontribution to the EcosystemsNeeds Assessmentfor the SacramentoMountains for the RockyMountain Forest andRange Experiment Station USDA Forest Service The SacramentoMountains of south-centralNew Mexico constitutes a regionof diverse natural communitiesand complex challenges for environmentalmanagement, because of the number of rare species, noxious weeds, and intense conflicts over natural resource conservationand sustainability. In1994-95, inassociation with the USDA ForestService, we undertookto develop the meansof assessingecosystem status in the Sacramentos. Rare species - their status, wlnerabilityto threats, andman agement needs - canbe used to indicatecertain aspects of ecosystemstatus. Thus w� analyzedthe presence andstatus of rareand en dangeredplants of the SacramentoMountains to assess the degree of biological endangerment to individual plant species, andto assist in determining conservationpriorities and management. In particular, we were interestedin the question of whether "rare" speciesare rare because of intrinsicecological andevolutionary reasons (e.g.,restricted to a rarehabitat type) or because recent historyhas caused actualdeclines inhabitat area, environmentalquality, or population size. The Sacramento Mountainsof south-centralNew Mexicorepresent anarea of highendemism, and.thus we suspectedthat many of its "rare" plants arespecies that have alwaysbeen rare, rather thanthose facing some biological endangermentdue to recent changes of environment or management. The initialstage in this analysiswas to construct adatabase of information on rareplant species of the Sacramentos- this document.
Methods
TheSacramento Mountains are located in southeasternNew Mexico (long/latitude)and are considered the southernmost extension of the RockyMountain chain. Withinthe Sacramento Mountainsfour distinct ranges arerecognized: the WhiteMountains near Ruidoso, the ncarilla Mountains nearCarrizozo, the CapitanMountains nearCapitan, andthe Sacramento Mountains nearCloudcroft. These fourranges make up three distinctsky islands. Thencarillas and Capitansform isolated mountain regions to thenorth of the largest and highestsky island of the Sacramento andWhite Mountains. For purposesof this study, the lower elevationalboundary of our study areais definedas the Pinyan-Juniper community (Brown's Great Basin Conifer Woodland)within each skyisland.
Withinthe studyarea, SO species of vascularplants, mainlyherbs, were identified as rare, threatened,.or endangered. The species list was generated fromfive sources: (1)Invent�ry of rare andendangered plants of NewMexico (Sivinskiand Lightfoot 1994), i.e. the New Mexico "EndangeredSpecies List"; (2)A handbookof the rare and endemic plantsof New Mexico (NM NativePlant Protection AdvisoryCommittee 1984); (3)Endangered andthreatened wildlife and plants(USFWS 1994) SO CFR17.11 & 17.12, i.e. the federal"E ndangeredSpecies List";(4) an unofficiallist of sensitive plantsof the. LincolnNational Forest; and(S) a listof the rareplants located inthe SacramentoMountains generate.d by the NewMexico's NaturalHeritage Program database. Allspecies ever recommended forprotection at either the stateor federal level were included regardless of their currentlegal status..
A-ii For each species infonnationon its current legal status, distribution, habitatrequirements, population biologyand ecology was collected. Infonnationsources were gleanedfor categorical informationthat, if known, would assist in the management and conservationof the species (see references). Availableinfonnation sources included primaryliterature, governmentdocuments (USFWS'sStatus Reports & RecoveryPlans; Forest Service Surveysand Management Plans, NM Endangered Species List, etc.), available florasofNew Mexico(Wooton and Standley 1915; Martinand Hutchins 1980), andherbarium labelsfrom plantcollections deposited atNew Mexico State University Herbarium (NMC). To standardizethe process andimprove the efficiencyof the search, categories of infonnation (database fields)were selected priorto theactual collection of information. Once the categoricalinfonnation was collected andentered into a database, the database was distributed to botanistsand ecologists familiar withthe SacramentoMountains for review. Additionalinformation and commentsprovided by reviewers wasthen incorporated into the database.
Two methods are used to detenninethe threat to each species: a linearranking systemand a multivariate approach. Linearranking involved a three step process. First,species arescored according to a number of criteria. Scores within categoriesrepresent the species threatand/or wlnerability based on that character. For example;using population size as acategory, a species with only 10 individualsis more at risk than a species witha 10,000 individuals. Using a discrete scale from 1 (least wlnerable)to S (most wlnerable),the specieswith only 10 individualswould be assigneda score of 5, while the specieswith 10,000 individuals would be assigneda score of 1. Second, scores are averagedor summed to produce a singlescore. Finally,species areranked according to their single score.
While linearranking systemsare relatively straightforwardto use, theydo have a numberof problems. First, the use of a single score to rankspecies conceals the factors thatendanger a species. Species with a similar rankingcould be threatened forentirely differentreasons. Second, criteria used in ranking speciesare likely to be correlatedand not of equal weigh� soscores may �e artifactsof the criteriaused. Additionally, differentcriteria may provide differentrankings. Third, manyspecies tend to rank together,making it difficultto separatethem. However,despite these problems, linearranking systems do provide valuable informationas they forceusers to gather infonnation,identify infonnation gaps, and articulateassumptions about whatthreatens a species, andthey can be updated as more infonnationbecomes available.
Moreover, the data usedto generatethe linear ranking also generates a species' threatprofile that can be used in a multivariateanalysis. The linearranking systemprovides a sampleof n species, each of which has a score onp variables(criteria). Thesedata can then be used to groupspecies with similarwlnerability profiles togetherand may allow patternsundetectable by the linear ranking systemto emerge. Additionally, a similar set of speciesmay have similarmanagement problems and a multivariate analysismay help in identifyingmanagement strategies that be can applied to a suite of species, rather than managementbased on a species by speciesapproach. In the database; we note preliminaryassignments of speciesto groups, basedon similarityof scores for the 9 criteria.
A-iii In our analysis, 42 species were scored for each of9 criteria. Eight species were excluded from the analysis. Seven were excluded because informationis lacking on the presence of thesespecies in the Sacramento Mountains. Of the seven species, 3 aremembers of the cactus family (Mammi/ariawrightii var. wrightii, Opuntia c/avata, andPediocactus papyracanthus) which are foundin the lower elevation grasslandssurrounding the skyislands, andtwo areorchids (Cypripediumpubescens and Hexa/ectris nitida), both ofwhich areon the outer edge of their rangein New Mexico. Cypripediumpubescens has been collected once in 1966 in the Sacramentos nearCloudcroft. Hexalectrisnitida has been collected to the south of the Sacramentos in the Guadalupe Mountains. Most likely, these species areincluded in lists because of their high cultural valueand the difficulty to say withcertainty a species doesn't occurin an area. Lupinus sierrae-blancae ssp. aquilinuswas excluded becausecurrent taxonomic work (Flora ofNorth Americanpro ject) considers it to be synonymous withLupinussierrae-h/ancae.
Criteriawere selected that would (1) provide informationon the threat facing a species andbe answerablewith available informationand (2 ) address the issue of scaleand perspective in assessingthreat. For instance, the geographicrange ofa species canbe looked at froma localor global perspective. Two range criteria-globalrange and range withinthe Sacramento Mountains--areused in assessing a species wlnerability so that a distinction canbe madebetween species that areglobally rare, but locallyabundant and species that areglobally abundant, but locallyrare. Similarly, two criteriaare used to describea species habitat, population biology, and its threat. The two habitat criteriadistinguish between a measureof the availability of habitatand a species use of that habitat. The two population biology criteriadistinguish between number of populations andsize of populations to allow distinction between speciesthat have only one large population, andspecies that have severalsmall populations. Finally, the two threatcriteria look at the threatfrom the species perspective, i.e. is the species sensitive to logging or grazing, andin a general sense, i.e., is the habitat itselfdeclining or threatened asis the caseof old-growth Ponderosapine forestin the Sacramentos.
To keep the scoringprocess as objective as possible, decision rulesfor each criteriawere devised and constructedthat allowed criteriato be scored into three discrete categories: 1 fora low threat and/orvulnerability; 3 formoderate threat and S forhigh threat or risk. The low-to-high scale( 1, 3, and5 ) was chosen to increase the separationbetween species that may have otherwise grouptogether. Scoringwas done by applying decision rulesto the available information_about the species, supplemented with the scorer's firsthand experience. Allspecies were scoredby the authorsand a botanist/taxonomist,Richard Spellenberg, familiarwith the species. Criteriascores were summed withoutweighting to givean average andallow rankingof species basedon their meanvulnerability score.
A-iv Acknowledgments
Our analysesand conclusions about the biological status of these species will be published in a separate manuscript. However, we hope that the databaseitself will be a useful(and evolving) document for those concerned with plant conservation and diversityin the Sacramento Mountains. Collection of information and production of the database were supported by a contract fromthe USDA Forest Service RockyMountain Forest & RangeExperiment Station (Dr. Merrill Kaufmann, investigator) to Laura Huenneke. We gratefully acknowledge the infomiation and expertise of all who contributedto this database, including: ReneeGaleano-Popp and Linda Barkerof the Lincoln NationalForest; Bob Sivinskiof the New MexicoDivision of Forestry, Department of Energy,Minerals, andNatural Resources; Ellen DeBruinof the New Mexico Natural Heritage Program,University ofNew Mexico; andRichard Spellenberg, Department of Bio�ogy,New MexicoState University.
A:-v Hexalectris spicata A-63 Jonactis elegans A.-.65 Table of Contents Lesquerella aurea A-67 Lillum philadelphicumvar. andinum A-69 Key to Database Fields A-2 Lupinussie"ae-blancae A-71 Lupinus sie"ae-blancae ssp. aquilinus A-73 SpeciesDescriptions Ma/axis tenuis A-76 Agastache cana A.-8 Mammillaria wrightii var. wrightii A-78 Aletes jilifollus 4-1O Opuntia clavata A-80 Pediocactuspapyracanthus . A-82 A.Ilium gooddingit , A.-12 Argemone pleiacantha ssp pinnatisecta A-14 Penstemon alamosensts A.-84 A.stragalus altus A-17 Penstemoncardinalis ssp. cardinalis A.-87 A.stragaluskerrii A-20 Penstemonneomericanus A-89 A.stragalus neomericanus A-22 Philadelphuswootonii A-91 Besseya oblongifolia A-24 Potentilla sie"ae-blancae A-93 Castilleja wootonii A-26 Primula ellisiae A-95 Chrysothamnus spathulatus A-28 Pseudocymopterus longiradiatus A-97 Cirsium inomatum A.-30 Pteryxiadavidsonii A-99 Cirsium vinaceum A.-32 Ribes mescalerium A-101 Crataeguswootoniana A-34 Seneclosacramentanus A-103 Cryptanthapaysonit A.-36 Sibaragrisea A-105 Cypripedium paysonii A.-39 St/pacurvifolia ·A-107 Delphinium novomericanum A.-42 Tetradymiajilifolia A-109 Echinocerusfendleri var. /cuenzleri A.-44 Tradescantiawrightii A-111 Erigeronrybius A-47 Valerianotexana A-113 Eriogonumjamesiivar. wootonii A.-49 Escobariavillardii A.-51 Euphorbia wootonii A-53 Hedeomapulcherrimum A-55 Hedeoma todsenii A-57 Heuchera wootonii A-59 Hexalectrls nitida A-61
A-6 'I ' "1 \j\,, d Key to Database Fields
Header Thescientific and commonname, family, and synonymsare given for each species. Status FWS(Fish and WildlifeService) E - listedendangered" as.. under theEndangered Species Act . An ..endangered species" is defiDed as .. anyspecies which isin dangerof extinctionthroughout all or a significantportion of its range" 16 USCA 1532(6). T - listed"'threatened" as under the EndangeredSpecies Act. A "'threatenedspecies" is defiDed"any as specieswhich islikely to becomean endangered species within the foreseeablefuture throughout al or a significant partof itsrange" 16 USCA 1532(20). Cl - "1axafor which the [FWSJ has· on fileenough substantialinformation on biologicallyvulnerability and threat(s)to support proposals to list them asendangered or threatenedspecies. · Development and publicationof proposedrules on thesetaxa are anticipated; however,because of thelarge numberof categoryI taxa,it will takeseveral yearsto clearthe backlog" .SOCFR 17. C2 - "1axawhere there is someevidence of vulnerability,but for which thereare not enough data to supportlisting proposals at this time... Furtber biological and research and field study usually will be necessaryto ascertainthe statusof the taxa in category2, and someof the taxaof are uncertain taxonomicvalidity" 50 CFR17 3A - "1axa for which the [FWSJhas persuasive evidence of extinction" .SO CFR 17 3B - ..names that,on the basisof currenttaxonomic understanding (usuallyas representedin published revisionsand monographs), do not representdistinct taxa meeting the {EndangeredSpecies] Act's definitionof "species".SO CFR 17. A ..species" is defined. as any" subspeciesof fish or wildlifeor plants, and any distinct populationsegment of any speciesof vertebrate fish or wildlifewhich intemreedswhen mature"16 USCA 1532(16).. 3C • "1axa thathave provento bemore abundantor widespreadthan previously believed and/or those thatare notsubject to anyidentifiable threat further If research or changeins habitat indicate a significantdecline in anyof thesetaxa, they may be reevaluated for possibleinclusion in categoriesI or 2." .SOCFR 17
NM (Stateof New Mexico) Definitionsfrom Sivinski and Lightfoot (1994). Listl. Plantsendangered in New Mexico. ListI plants arelegally protectedfrom unauthorized collection and takeunder theNew MexicoEndangered Plant SpeciesAct and NMFRCDregulations. LIA - "thetaxon is listed as threatened orendangered under theprovisions of the federalEndangered Species Act . ". LIB - "the taxonis sorare across itsentire rangeand of such limiteddistribution and populationsize that unregulatedcollection could jeopardize its survivalin NewMexico ." LIC - "thetaxon maybe widespread in adjacent states·or Mexico, butsits numbers are being significantlyreduced to such a degreethat within the foreseeablefuture survival the of the taxon withinNew Mexicois jeopardized."
A-2 Lisi 2. New Mexico Rare and Sensitive plantspecies. List 2 speciesare not legally protectedunder the New MexicoEndangered Plant Species Act. L2 - "taxathat are considered to berare because of restricteddistnoution or low numericaldensity .. {Further] theyneed not beendemic to New Mexico,but mustbe regionally endemic or rare throughout their range.. Sincethey are rare, these species are sensitive to long-termor cumulative landuse impacts and arevulnerable to biologicalor climaticevents that could eventually threaten them with extinctionor extirpation. Therefore,List 2 speciesare monitored by the state of New Mexicoto determineif theyshould beelevated to List 1 endangeredspecies status." Lisi 3. NMRare Plant Review List3 speciesare not protectedunder the New MexicoEndangered Plant Species Act. L3 - Plant speciesunder considerationfor either List 1 or List2 status,but moreinformation is needed to makea decision. List3 speciesare either "taxonomicallyquestionable or poorlyunderstood as to distributionand endangerment" IA. Plant Species considered, but not included List 4 speciesare not protectedunder the New MexicoEndangered Plant Species Act IA - Plantspecies that wereeither (1) listedon the 1985 New MexicoHeritage Program Element List that wereconsidered but not includedon Lists1, 2, or 3; (2) speciesrejected during a 1991 interagencyreview; or (3) species originallyincluded asList 2, or 3 speciesbut '"were later determinedto betoo abundant to retain."
FS (ForestService) Definitionsfrom Sensitive Species List of the LincolnNational Forest (tentative) Ll - "taxathat should beactively consideredfor inclusion in allpro ject-levelBiological Evaluations.� LS - "candidatespecies that arenot on the RegionalForesters Sensitive List"
TNC(The Nature Conservancy) The Nature Conservancyassigns both a 1global1 andstate rank to setconservation priorities. Definitionsfrom the ' . • New Mexico• Natural Hentage. • Program.1, I Global Rank :I Gl - criticallyimperiled globally becauseof extremerarity (5 or feweroccurrences or veiyfew remainingindividuals or acres) dr becauseof some factor(s) making it especiallyvulnerable to
G2 -=:i��oballybecause of raril(6 to 20 occurrencesor few remainingindividuals or acres) or . becauseof somefactor(s) making it veryvulnerable to extinctionthroughout its range. G3 - eithervery rare and localthrou�out itsrange or foundlocally (even abundantly at someof its locations)in a restrictedrange (i.e. the Mogollon Plateau)or becauseof other factor(s) making it vulnerable to extinctionthroughdµt itsrange; in termsof occurrences,the in range of 21 to 100. G4 - Apparently secureglobally, thoughit might bequite rare in partsits of range, especially at the peripheiy. GS - Demonstrablysecure globally, thoughit mightbe quite rare in partsit of range,especially at the periphery. I T - taxabelow the specieslevel can rankedbe by placing a T-ranknext to the globalrank. ? - a ? next to a global rankindicates the taxonomyof the speciesor taxon beenhas questioned.
A-3 StateRank S 1 - critically imperiled in statebecause of extreme rarity (5 or fewer occurrencesor veiyfew remaining individuals or acres) or because of some factor(s) making it especiallyvulnerable to extirpation from the state. S2 - imperiled in statebecause of rarity(6 to 20 occurrences or few remaining individuals or acres) or becauseof somefactor(s) making it very vulnerable to extirpationfrom the state. S3 - rareor uncommonin state (on the order of 21 to 100 occurrences). S4 - Apparently securein state, with manyoccurrences. SS - Demonstrably secure in state and essentially ineradicable under present conditions. Distribution - General Endemic to New Mexico: Is species endemic to New Mexico? New Mexico Counties: counties in NM where species is located. Other States: other statesor countries wherespecies is located. Distributionoutside New Mexico: Is the speciesrare or commonoutside of New Mexico? Ownership: Whether the speciesoccurs on state, federal, Indian. and/orprivate lands and theadministrative body governing those lands. NM - state lands administeredby the State Land Officeof New Mexico, or HighwayDepartment right-of-way lands. BLM- public lands administeredby the Bureau of LandManagement. DOD - federal lands administered by the Department of Defense FS - public lands administeredby the ForestService. MIR- MescaleroIndian Reservation lands. Administeredby the Bureauof IndianAffairs. NPS - public land administeredby the National ParkService. Distribution - Sacramento Mountains Local Endemic: Is speciesendemic to the SacramentoMountains? Number of Known Populations: numberof knownpopulations in the Sacramento Mountains. Datafrom census/surveyinfonnation. Sizeof Populations: Population sizefrom census/survey data. Collected: Infonnationon collectionsfrom herbarium specimens. Formatis Description, Collector, Date, (HerbariumLocation). NMC is the Herbarium at New Mexico StateUniversity Location: Locationof speciesby section, township, and range. Habitat A verybrief: general descriptionof a species habitat is provided. Habitat Specificity: Is the species a habitat generalist (broad) or specialist(restricted) or somewhere in between (moderatelybroad) Elevation: the range in elevationin feet a species is found. Slope and Aspect: the slope and aspectwhere a species occurs. Edaphic factors; typesof soils, parent material, etc. NaturalDisturbance: dependenceof specieson natural distuibancesuch fireas and floods.; Successional Status: Does the speciesfavor early, middle, or late successional stages? Is the speciesa colonizer of disturbedareas? Habitat Types: Communitytypes are fromBrown D. ed. 1982. Biotic communitiesof the AmericanSouthwest United Statesand Mexico. Desert Plants4(1-4):1-342.
A-4 Population Biology/Ecology Life Form:herb, shrub, tree, or vine. Life Cycle: annual, biennial, or perennial. Mode of Reproduction: sexualor vegetative Pollination: Pollinationmechanism-w ind,water, insect,bird-and specifi c pollinators. Flowering Period: months plant is inflower
H knowninfo rmationis alsopresented for the followingcategories Timing of Reproduction: monocarpic or polycaipic. Flowering Phenology: asynchronous or synchronousflowering. SeedSet: measureof seedproduction per inflorescence. low, inedium, or high SeedDispersal: mechanism of seeddispersal: wind, water, animal, etc. Seed Bank: Absenceor presenceof seedbank Germination: requirementsof germination. Survivorship: Survivorshippattern (low /high)for seedlings, juveniles,and adults.
Threats Present and potentialthreats to the _survivalof the species. For example,habitat loss, development, over- grazing, logging,fire suppressio n, loss of pollinators,etc.
Assessment The scoreof each criteria after applying decisionrules (see Table 2) toavailable information. Table3 (seetext) extractedfor eachspecies Geographic Range: Range w/in Sacramentos: # Community Types: Habitat Specificity: Number of Populations: Sizeof Populations: Life ffistory: Threats: Habitat Vulnerably:
Mean Score: Mean of the CriteriaScores
Group: Whichcluster group species belongs to. See fortext description of groups
Comments Miscellaneousinfo rmationon the species' autecology, legalhistory , etc.
A-5 References Refe rences are givenfor primazy literature sources and government documents. Thefollowing general references are not included in the "Reference" section asthey apply to all species.
Martin. W. C. and C. R Hucthins; 1980. A Flora o/New Mexico. Volumes I & Il. J. Cramer, Hirschberg, Germany NewMexico Native Plant Protection Advisozy Committee. 1984. A handbookof rare and endemic plants o/New Mexico. Universityof New Mexico Press, Albuquerque, NM Sivinski,R, andK. Lightfoot 1994. Inventoryof the rare andendangered plants o/ New Mexico. 2nd edition. Misc. Publication No. 3. New Mexico Forestry and Resources Conservation Division: Energy, Minerals, and Natural Resources Department SantaFe, NM Wooton, E. 0. and P. C. Standley. 191S. Flora o/New Mexico. Contnbutionsfrom theUnited States National Herbarium Vol 19. GovernmentPrinting Office, WashingtonD. C. (Not cited unless it isone ofthe ,only primazysources for information on a species).
A- 6 Species Descriptions
A-7 Agastache cana (Hooker) Wo oton andStandley Grayish white giant hyssop;Mosquito plant I.aroiaceae (Labiateae) Synonyms: Cedrone/la cana Hook.; Cedrone/la mexicana var. cana ('W. J. Hooker) A Gray Status FWS: NM: L2 FS: TNC: Distribution - General Endemicto New Mexico:no New Mexico Counties: Bernalillo,Dona Ana, Grant,Lincoln, Luna, Otero, and Sierra Other States: adjacent Texas Distribution Outside New Mexico: rareoutside New Mexico Ownership: BLM; FS Distribution - Sacramento Mountains LocalEndemic : no Number of Known Populations: Si:zeof Populations: Collection: No collectionsat NMCfor Sacramento Mtns. Collectednumerous times in the Organ Mtns(NMC). Location: Habitat
In crevicesand at bases of sheer granitecliffs or in protected boxcanyons with sclerophyllous oaks,junipers , and Baccharis spp. or in ecotone ofupper desertscrub and lower oak-pinyon :wnes. Oftenfo und in tempor.uyseeps. Habitat Specificity: moderately broad Elevation: 4600 - 5900 feet Slope and Aspect: N-, E-, & NE-facingslopes Edaphic Factors: Natural Disturbance: Successional Status: Community Types: GreatBasin ConiferWoodland, EvergreenMadrean Woodland Population Biology/Ecology
Life Form: herb LifeCycle: perennial Mode of Reproduction: Pollinators: Hummi ngbirds; largebees (?) Flowering Period: June - August (or later with autumnal rains) Threats none known
A-8 Assessment Geographic Range: 1 Rangew/in Sacramento's: S # Community Types: l Habitat Specificity: 3 Number of Populations: i- Size of Populations: 1 • Life History: 3 Threats: l Habitat Vulnerability: l
MeanScore: 2.00
Group: 7 a - score based on scorersexperience with species Comments
References
Lint, IL, andC. Epling. 1945. A revisionofAg astache. AmericanMid landNa turalist 33:207-230.
Sanders, R W. 1987. Taxonomyof Agast ache SectionBrittoll8Strum (I aroiaceae-Nepeteae). Systematic Botany Monographs Vol. IS. 92 pg.
Wooton. E. 0., and P. C. Standley. 1913. Description of new plants preUmina:ryto a reportupon the flora of New Mexico. Contr. U.S. NaL Herb. 16:109-196.
A-9 Aletes filifolius Mathias, Constance andTh eobold Threadleaffalse carrot Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) Synonyms: none Status FWS: NM: IA FS: TNC: Distribution -:- General Endemic to New Mexico: no New Mexico Counties: Catron. Dona Ana. Eddy, Grant, Hidalgo, Lincoln, Luna, Otero, Socorro, andTorrance. Other States: adjacent west Texas Distribution Outside New Mexico: ? Ownership: BLM, FS; NPS;private Distribution - Sacramento Mountains Local Endemic: no Number of KnownPopulations: Size of Populations: Collection: Manycollections at NMC fromOrgan Mtns. Location: Habitat Canyonslopes, arroyos,and bottoms; rockycrevices in rocky mesic canyons. Habitat Specificity: restricted Elevation: 5000 - 7000 feet Slope andAspect: W-facing slopes Edaphic Factors: calcareousand gypseous soils NaturalDisturbance: Successional Status: Community Types: Great BasinConifer Woodland Population Biology/Ecology LifeForm: herb Life Cycle: perennial Mode of Reproduction: Pollinators: FloweringPeriod : May - August Threats none known
A-1 0 Assessment Geographic Range: 1 Range w/in Sacramentos: 5 # Community Types: 5 Habitat Specificity: 5 Number of Populadons: r Size ofPopulations: 3• Life History: 3 Threats: 1 Habitat Vulnerability: 1
Mean Score: 2.78
Group: 5 a - score based on scorer's experience with species Comments Dropped asfed eralcandidate (Cl) species 12/15/8 0. Dropped from state commonlist-too orwidespread (lnventoiy).
References ME. Mathias, L. Constance,and W. L.Theobold 1969. Two newspecies ofUmbellife reaefrom the Southwestern United States. Ma drono 20:214-219.
A-1 1 Allium gooddingii Ownbey Goodding'sonion 1.maceae Synonyms: Status FWS: Cl NM: LlB FS: Ll TNC: Distribution· - General Endemic to New Mexico: no New Mexico Counties: Catron.Lincoln. and Otero Other States: adjacent Arizona Distribution Outside New Mexico: ascommon as in New Mexico Ownership: FS; MIR;NPS Distribution - Sacramento Mountains LocalEndemic: no Number of Known Populations: 21 Sizeof Populations: Collection: SierraBlanca Ski Area, 10,000 ft,Paul Knight #148 (UNM 67235) (Sec.33 T lOS, R 12E); Northside SierraBlanca Peak at 11,00o+ft, (Mescalero IndianReservation), R. D. Worthington #6341 (Univ. of New Mexico 70824) (Sec.4, T llS, R 12E.) ; SierraBlanca Ski Area, on lower part of road toRadio Tower, Soreng& Spellenberg, 1982 (NMC). Location: Ski Apache Areaand White Mountain Wilderness:Secs. 28 (3 pops),29 (6 pops),32 (S pops),33 (S pops),and 34 (2 pops), T lOS R l lE Habitat In the understoryof matureconif erousforests. Steep,shaded slopes. Moist shaded canyon bottoms in climax coniferforest Open areas where thereis adequate sub-surfacemoisture. Elevation: 6500 - 11400 feet Habitat Specificity: restricted Slope andAspect: north, northeastand northwest facing slopes; north draining canyon bottoms. Edaphic Factors: rhyolite or similar rock;stable forest soils with high organic content. Mesic. NaturalDisturbance: SuccessionalStatus: usually climax; old growth-requiresmoisture. CommunityTypes: RockyMountain Montane Conifer Forest,Rocky SubalpineMountain Conifer Forest Population Biology/Ecology Life Form:herb Life Cycle: perennial Mode of Reproduction: sexual; vegetative Pollinators: small beesand wasps (?) FloweringPeriod: June - August SeedDispersal: gravity
A-12 Threats
Activity thatchanges the available sub-surface moisture at a site-water development, removal of beaver, and potentially logging. The effects of logging are mixed. In Arizona, A. gooddingii hasbeen observed growing vigorously in monocultures insites that have been heavily logged (R. Galeano-Popppers. comm.). Also does well on Ski Apache ski slopes (clear-cutareas) inthe Sacramento Mountains, probably as a result of the abundant snow (natural and man-made) and prolonged snow-pack at that elevation. Assessment Geographic Range: 1 Range w/inSacramentos: 5 # CommunityTypes: 3 Habitat Specificity: 5 Number of Populations: 1 Sizeof Populations: 3 Life History: 1 Threats: 3 Habitat Vulnerably: 1
Mean Score: 2.56
Group: 5 Comments
Populations inthe Sacramento Mountains occupydisturbed sites, areas with less canopy closure,and higher elevationsthan populations known from the Gila NationalForest andnational forests in Arizona. A widespread, but rare species, the species is an indicator of sub-surface moisture. The SacramentosMountains represent the eastern most edge of itsdistn "bution.
References Anonymous. 1989. Survey of A Ilium gooddingii. SmokeyBear Ranger District, Lincoln National Forest.
Fletcher, R 1984. 41/iumgood dingii StatusReport Supplement Forest Service
Ownbey, G. S. 1947. The genus A//ium inArizona. Research Studies, StateCollege ofWashington 15:211-232
Spellenberg, R 1982. Status reportonA l/iumgooddingi i. USFWS
A-13 Argemone pleiacantha Greene ssp. pinnatisecta Ownbey Sacramentopri ckle-poppy(pri ckly-poppy) Papaveraceae Synonyms: Status FWS: E NM: LIA FS: Ll TNC: G5T2, S2 Distribution - General Endemic to New Mexico: yes New Mexico Counties: Otero Other States: Distribution Outside New Mexico: Ownership:FS; BLM; NM; Oliver Lee StatePm; private Distribution - Sacramento Mountains Local Endemic: yes Number of Known Populations: 10 Sizeof Populations: Population Size 1987,1988, & 1989 (nk = not known): Fresnal 72, nk,nk; LaLuz 8 ,nk, 13; Salado l,nk,nk;Dry 11 , nk,nk; Alamo 744, 7Td, 730; Caballero 117, nk, nk; Mulen k, 7, nk;San Andres 2. 18, 12 (1990 18 plants; and 1993 36 plants); Dog 157, nk, nk;Escondido nk, nk, 45(private). Collection: Holotype: 9.6 miles westof Cloudcroft, altitude 6600 ft. Ownbey8/12/53 1754 (M]N); 6.4 miles west of Cloudcroft, about 7000 ft,Earle 585 (NY);Rio Fresnal and LaLuz Canyon, Wooton 1901(NMC). LaLuz Canyon, Wagner & Sobo 1977 (NMC); Dog Canyon, Spellenberg 1976 (NMC); Westof Mt. park inapple old orchard in dense oak thicket, Dunn 1952 (NMC); WestHigh of Rolls, Soreng& Ward 1982 (NMC); Along roadside of Hwy. 82, west sideof HighRolls (1890 m), Spellenberg 1976 (NMC). Location: Alamo, Caballero, Dog, Dry, Escondido, Fresnal, LaLuz, Mule, Salado, and SanAndres canyons. (see Soreng 1982, Malby 1987, 1989 for specificlocations) Habitat Rocky canyonbott oms;floodplain and channel deposits; steepslopes; desert washes,springs, streamfields, banks, roadsides; distwbedsites. Foundfrom riparian to xeric uplands. Habitat Specificity: restricted Elevation: 4200 -7100 feet Slope andAspect: north, northeast, and northwestfacing slopes. Edaphic Factors: loose,gravely soils; limestone, possiblesandstone and gypsum inclusions. Colluvialand alluvial deposits Natural Disturbance:fire (?) (cf. Dog Canyon); flood (cf. Alamo canyon) Successional Status: early, a colonizerof distwbed sites. Community Types: Great BasinConifer Woodland , Semide.CJm Grassland Chihuahuan� Population Biology/Ecology LifeForm: herb LifeCycle: perennial Mode of Reproduction: sexual Timing of Reproduction: FloweringPhenology:
A-14 Pollinators: carpenter, honey,and bumblebees;soldier and lizard beetles;flies; butterflies
A-15 Population Biology/Ecology (can't) FloweringPer iod: May- September SeedSet: 2000 seedsper plant (Alamo and Dog Canyon) SeedDispersal: _gravity, wind, water, possibly animals. Germination: cold stratification; increased germination with seed coat scarified. 3% germination rate innursery Sunivorship-Seedling: low Juvenile: 7 Adult: ? MatingSystem: outcrossing Threats Rarity,flood control. and managementthat focuses on the product (i.e., the species), ratherthan the process (i.e., distwbance). Assessment Geographic Range: 5 Rangew/in Sacramentos: S # CommunityTyp es: 3 Habitat Specificity: 5 Number of Populations: 1 Siu of Populations: 3 Life mstory: 3 Threats: 3 HabitatVulnerably: 1
MeanScore: 3.22
Group: 4 Comments Alamo Canyon, the siteof a numberof floods, is the largestpopulation. · Populationsi7.es following floods lower in Alamo Canyon: 100 plants 1977; flash flood 1978 or 1979; 6 plants 1980; 46 plants August 1987; 80 plantsJuly 1988; flood in August 1988 killed4 plants; SO plants July 1989; flood August, 1989; 32 plants remainafter floodingin August 1989. Speciesis not asgood as aninvader of distwbedsites asother prickle-poppies. ListedEndangered as (ESA) 8/24/89. References Fletcher, R 1978. Forest Servicestatus report fo r Argemoneple iacantha ssp.pinnalisecta. USFS, Region 3, Albuquerque. Malby, S. 1987, 1988, 1989. Argemone pleiacantha ssp. pinnatisecta survey. USFS, LincolnNational Forest. Alamogordo, NM. Ownbey,B. G. 1958. The genusArgemone forNorth Americaand the West Indies. Memoirs of the Ton-ey Botanical Club 21:1-159. Soreng, R 1982. Status report onArgemone pleiacantha ssp. pinnatisecta. USFWS. USFWS. 1993. Sacramento prickly poppy (Argemonepleiacantha ssp.pinnatisecta) RecoveryPlan. USFWS, Albuquerque, NM. (seeref erences therein) Wood, S. 1990. InterimManagement Plan forArgemon e pleiacantha ssp.pinnatlsecta. USFS, LincolnNational Forest, Alamogordo, NM.
A-16 Astragalus altus Wooton and Standley Tall milk-vetch Fabaceae(Legnminn.sae) Synonyms: Atelophragma a/tum (Wool & Stand/.) Rydb. Status FWS: 3C State: L2 FS: S; LI TNC: Distribution -- General Endemi_c to New Mexico: yes New Mexico Counties: Otero Other States: Distribution Outside New Mexico: Ownership: FS; JMIR; private Distribution - Sacramento Mountains LocalEndemic: yes Number of Known Populations: 7 Size of Populations: Dry Canyon 24-36 plants; RussiaCanyon approx. 200 plants, Will Canyonapprox. 100 plants; Private land 12 plants; Cox Canyon, •1argepopula tion•; SouthsidePenasa> Canyonapprox. 200plants; NorthsidePenasco Canyon approx. 200 plants (1979 Data:) Collection: Type: Toboggan, 7700 ft(note : Toboggan was Posta Office 15 miles east Alamogordoof on Hwy. 82; today Toboggan Canyon) Wooton7/3 1/1889 (US Nal Herb no 6902S3); UpperTularosa Creek, Wooton 8/6/0; Cloudcroft, Slater I 915. Rio PenascoCanyon, Sivinski 1555. 1/2mile SE of Cloudcrofton Sl Rt 24,Spellenberg S/30/69 (NMC); Nelson Canyon, Todsen 1976 (NMC); 8.5 miles SE of Cloudcroft along SL Rt 24, "common along roadbank", Spellenberg 10/27/68 (NMC); CbippawayPark, approx. 6 miles SE of Cloudcrofton St Rt 24, "very common", Spellenberg 8/10/69 (NMC); Tularosa Canyon, 6 miles S ofMescalero on old Hwy 24, Spellenberg 8/29/68 (NMC);7 milesN of US82 in Silver Springs Canyon along roadcut, Spellenberg 8/10/69 (NMC). Location: 1989 data:Dry Canyon (S35, Tl5S, RISE & S5, Tl6S, Rl3E); RussiaCanyon, Rt247 (S22, Tl6S, Rl2E); Wills Canyon, Rt 169 (Sl4, Tl7S, Rl2E); private land, Rt232 (S3 1, Tl6S, Rl3E); Cox Canyon (NE 1/4, S32, Tl6S, Rl3E, S24 & 25, Tl6S, Rl2E); SouthsidePenasco Canyon, Rts 541 & 164 (NW 1/4, S10, Tl7S, Rl3E); NorthsidePenasco Canyon (S3-6,Tl7S, Rl3E); NelsonCanyon (Tl6S,RllE,Sl4); FresnalCanyon. . . Habitat Limestonesoils in upperPonderosa pine and lower Douglasfir habitat types,on steepforest slopes, or along canyon bottoms. Along roadcuts. Grassy openings in forest. Oakthickets. Habitat Specificity: moderatelybroad Elevation: 6500 - 8200 feet Slope and Aspect: N-, NW-, W-, E-, SE, & S-facing slopes. Steepslopes-40 degi;es Edap_hic Factors: limestone soils; loose, rocky soils. Natural Disturbance: Successional Status: early, frequently a colonizer Community Types: Rocky Mountain MontaneConifer Forest Population Biology/Ecology Life Form:herb
A-1 7 Life Cycle: perennial Mode of Reproduction: sexual
A-1 8 Population Biology/Ecology (can't) Pollinators: FloweringPeriod: May - September Threats
Development of Cloudcroft area (habitat loss). Assessment Geographic Ran.ge: S Rangew/i n Sacramentos: S # Community Types: S Habitat Specificity: 3 Number of Populations: 3 Size of Populations: 3 Life History: 3 Threats: 1 Habitat Vulnerably: 1
Mean Score: 3.22
Group: 4
Comments The fact that this is anearly successional species is emphasizedby the factthat the sitemany of of the collections of Spellenberg at NMC are not mentioned in the 1989 Forest Service survey (Anonymous 1989). Removed as federal candidate (Cl) species 12/1S/80. References Anonymous. 1989. Astragalus altus monitoring. USFS, Lincoln National Forest, Alamogordo, NM.
Bameby,R C. 1964. Atlasof North AmericanAstragalus. Mem oirs of theNe w Yo rk BotanicalGarden 13:1-1188.
Fletcher, R A. 1979. Provisional statusreport supplem entAstragalus alhJS. USFS, Region 3, Albuquerque, NM
Rydberg, P. A. 1928. Notes on Fabaceae-XI. Bulletin of the To"ey Club SS:lSS-164.
A-1 9 Astragalus kerriiKnight et Cully Kerr'smilkvetch Fabaceae (Leguminosae) Synonyms: Status FWS: C2 NM: Ll FS: LlA TNC: G2, S2 Distribution· - General Endemic to New Mexico:yes New Mexico Counties: Lincoln Other States: Distribution Outside New Mexico: Ownership: FS Distribution - Sacramento Mountains LocalEndemic: yes Number of Known Populations: 17 Siu of Populations: CapitanMtns: NEside of CapitanMtns. (54 plants);Pine Lodge Boy'sCamp (8 plants); Copeland Canyon (50 plants);Raton Springs (6 plants); Pierce Canyon (128plants); Baca Spring Creek(4 plants); Sawset Canyon (6 plants); Matney Springs (IOo+ plants) ; Ellis Canyonplants); (56 Hale Canyon (40+ plants); Figure SevenCanyon (15 plants);Zeuf eldt Canyon (14 plants); Upper Michallas Canyon (25+ plants); Lower Michallas Canyon (47 plants); Arroyo Serrano (65+ plants); UpperRed Lick Canyon (14 plants); Lower RedLick Canyon (So+ plants). Collection: Type: CapitanMtns. ,just NEof Pine Lodge,5/20/85, Knight3399. Location: CapitanMountai ns, seeabove forgeneral locationsand 1994 StatusReport for specific location info rmation. Habitat Bottomof streambedsother or avenues of water runoff;full in sunlight in Ponderosa pine, Pinyon pine, orJuniper. Pinyon -juniper / Ponderosa pine ecotones. Habitat Specificity: moderately broad Elevation: 6050 - 6950 feet Slope andAspect: Edapbic Factors: compacted sandy soil on igneousrock; alluvial deposits. Natural Disturbance:water runoff; floods(?) Successional Status: Community Types: GreatBasin Conifer Woodland, RockyMountain Montane Forest Population Biology/Ecology Life Form: herb Life Cycle: perennial (shortlived) Mode of Reproduction: sexual Pollinators: FloweringPeriod: late April- late May Sunivorsbip--Seedling: apparently low; at one pop. 300-500 immature seedlings observed 5/90; 54adults observed 5/91. (Sivinski 1994)
A-20 Threats No significantthreats. Assessment GeographicRange: 5 Range wfm Sacramentos: S # Community Types: 3 Habitat Specificity: 3 Number of Populations: 3 Sizeof Populations: S Life History: 3 Threats: l Habitat Vulnerably: 1
Mean Score: 3.22
Group: 1 Comments Occurs areain small aroundthe foot of theCapitan mountains. Occasionallytakes advantage of man-made disturbance. References Bleakly, D. and S. Reed. 1994. Swveyfor Astragalus ken-ii (Kerr'smilkvetch) Capitan Mountains, Lincoln County, NM. FinalReport to NM Forestiy and Resource Conservation Division, SantaFe.
DeBruin, E. A. 1992. Swvey forAstragalus ken-ii and Echinocerusfondlerl varkuenzlerl in theCapitan Mountains area of the LincolnNational Forest RevisedDraft. New MexicoHeritage Program , Albuquerque, NM.
Knight, P. J. and A. C. Cully. 1988. A newspecies Astr of agalus (Fabaceae) fromsoutheastern New Mexico. Southwestern Na turalist 36(2): 198-200.
Sivinski,R 1994. StatusReport on.Astragalus kerrii. Final Reportto U.S.Fish and Wildlife Service, Region2 Office, Albuquerque, NM.
A-2 1 Astragalus neomexicanus Wooton andStandley New Mexico milkvetch Fabaceae (Leguminosae) Synonyms: Pisophaca neomexicana (Wool & Stand!.) Rydb. Status FWS: NM: L2 FS: TNC: 03, S3 Distribution - General Endemic to New Mexico:yes New Mexico Counties: Lincoln and Otero Other States: Distribution Outside New Mexico: Ownership:FS; MIR;private Distribution - Sacramento Mountains LocalEndemic: yes Number of Known Populations: Sizeof Populations: Collection:Ty pe:James Canyonat 8366 ft,near Ooudcroft, Wooton 7/23/1899 (US Nat.Hed>. no. 690254); S mi N of Cloudcrofton St Rt. 24, Silver Spring Canyon, Spellenberg 5/3 1/69 (NMC); 8.5 mi. SEof Cloudcrofton Hwy.24 on open roadbank, Spellenberg 10/27/68 (NMC); AlongHwy 24, 7 mi. N of US 82, Spellenberg 8/10/69 (NMC). Location: Habitat Dry gravelybanks, talusunder cliffs, road cuts and montane slopes in Pinyan-Juniper, Ponderosa pine,and DouglasFir habitattypes. Habitat Specificity: moderatelybroad Elevation: 6850 • 8500 feet Slope and Aspect: S-facingslopes Edaphic Factors: Natural Disturbance: Successional Status: a colonizerof earlysuccessional stages Community Types: Rocky Mountain Montane ConiferForest, Great BasinConifer Woodland Population Biology/Ecology Life Form: bed> Life Cycle: perennial Mode of Reproduction:sexual Pollinators: FloweringPeriod: May - October Threats none known
A-22 Assessment Geographic Range: 3 Range w/in Sacramentos: 5 # Community Types: 3 Habitat Specificity: 3 Number of Populations: 3• Sizeof Populations: 3• Life ffistory: 3 Threats: 1 Habitat Vulnerably: 1
Mean Score: 2. 78
Group: 7 a - score based on scorer's experience with species Comments Fairly commonwithin its range.
References
Bameby, R. C. 1964. Atlasof North AmericanAstragalus. Memoirs of theNe w York Botanical Garden 13:1-1188.
A-23 Besseyaob longifolia Pennell Sierra Blancakittentails Scrophulariaceae Synonyms: non� Status FWS: NM: L2 FS: TNC: Distribution - General Endemic to New Mexico: yes New Mexico Counties: Lincoln, Otero, and Taos Other States: Distribution Outside New Mexico: Ownership: FS; MIR Distribution - Sacramento Mountains Local Endemic: no Number of Known Populations: Sizeof Populations: Collection: Type: Summit of Sierra Blanca, 11,500 ft, Wo oton 8/16/1897 (US Nat Herb); Summit of Sierra Blanca, 12,003 ft, Wooton 8/1/01 (NMC); Onslopes of Siena Blanca atend of ski area lift,Spellenberg 7/26'13 (NMC). Location: Habitat Subalpine meadows Habitat Specificity: moderately broad Elevation: 11000 - 12000 feet Slope and Aspect: Edaphic Factors: Natural Disturbance: Successional Status: Community Types: Subalpine Grasslands Population Biology/Ecology Life Form: herb Life Cycle:perennial Mode of Reproduction: sexual Pollinators: Flowering Period: June- September Threats Ski Areadevelopment
A-24 Assessment Geographic Range: 3 Range wfm Sacramentos: S # CommunityTypes: S Habitat Specificity: 3 Number of Populations: 3' Si7.eof Populations: 1 • Life mstory: 3 Threats: 1 Habitat Vulnerably: 1
Mean Score: 2. 78
Group: 4 a - score based on scorer'sex periencewith species Comments A specieswith dis junct populations. only Species known from Sierra Blancaand Latir (Taos Mesa county).
References
Pennell, F. W. 1933. A revisionof Syn theris and Besseya. Proceedings of theAcadem y of Na tural Sciences of Philadelphia 85:77-106.
A-2 5 Castilleja wootonii Standley Wooten's paintbrush Scrophulariaceac Synonyms: none Status FWS: NM: L4 FS: TNC: Distributjon - General Endemic to New Mexico: no New Mexico Counties: Lincoln and Otero Other States: Davis Mountains, Texas Distribution Outside New Mexico: Ownership: FS Distribution - Sacramento Mountains Local Endemic: Number of KnownPopulations: Siu of Populations: Collection: Type: Gilmore's ranchon Eagle Creek in the White Mountains, 3400 ft. Wooton and Standley 3411 8/25/07; divideabove Mescalero Agency(NE Otero County, White Mountains), Wooton 1905 ; White Mountain Peak (SierraBlanca), Wooton 1897 & 1901; Cloudcroft area, Wooton 1899. Eagle Creek Canyon. Tl0S, RllE. S25, locally common on shady aspects,Soreng et al. 7/11/82 (NMC). Near Toboggan, 3.5 mi. W. ofCloudcroft in bottom of canyons, Spellenberg 8/10/69 (NMC). Location: Habitat Canyon bottoms, dry montaneslopes in Ponderosa pine or mixedconifer habitat types. Habitat Specificity: moderatelybroad Elevation: 7500 - 12000 feet Slope and Aspect: steep, S-facing slopes Edaphic Factors: granitefaces Natural Disturbance: Successional Status: Community Types: Rocky Mountain Montane Conifer Forest, RockyMountain Subalpine Conifer Forest Population Biology/Ecology Life Form:herb Life Cycle: perennial Mode of Reproduction: sexual Pollinators: FloweringPerio d: July- September Threats none known
A-26 Assessment Geographic Range: 3 Range w/inSacramentos: 3 # Community Types: 3 HabitatSpecificity: 3 Number of Populations: 3• Sizeof Populations: 3• Life History: 3 Threats: 1 Habitat Vulnerably: 1
Mean Score: 2.56
Group: 7 a - score based on scorer's experience with species Comments Nesom (1992) statesthat a population of plantsthought to beendemic to the DavisMountains of Texas, C cilata, is inactuality conspecilicwith C. wootonii, a species previously thought endemicto theMountains. Sacramento Dropped from statelist-too common or widespread.
References Nesom, G. 1992. A newspecies of Castilleja (Scrophulariaceae)from south centralTexas withcomments qn other Texastaxa. Phyto/ogia 72(3):209-230.
Standley,P. C. 1909. Moresouthwest ern Casti/lejas. Muhlenbergia 5:17-30.
A.!J.7 Chrysothamnus spathulatus L. C. Anderson Spoonleafrabbitbrush Synonyms: C. v.iscidiflorus (Hook.) Nutt ssp.ludens Shinners Status FWS: State: IA FS: TNC: Distribution - General Endemic toNew Mexico: no New Mexico Counties: DonaAna, Eddy, Otero, Sierra,and Socorro Other States: adjacent Texas-GuadalupeMtns. Distribution Outside New Mexico: ? Ownership: BLM;FS; NM; private Distribution - Sacramento Mountains Local Endemic: no Number of KnownPopulations: Size of Populations: Collection: Type : "UpperBurro Flats" at 6000 ftbetween La Luz andLa Borcita canyons, S14 & lS, TlSS, RlOE, Anderson 2052; HighRolls, Va ughn 2155 (AZ) ; NW of HighRolls, Ja ckson 8083 (NMC). Location: Habitat Pinyan-Juniperzone & lower foothills- creosote bushareas Habitat Specificity: broad Elevation: 4400 - 7000 feet Slope and Aspect: N- & W-facing slopes Edapbic Factors: loamy, limestoneor gypseoussoils Natural Disturbance: Successional Status: CommunityTyp es: GreatBasin Conif er Woodland,Interior Chaparral Population Biology/Ecology Life Form:shrub LifeCycle: Mode of Reproduction: Pollinators: Flowering Period:August - September Threats none known
A-28 Assessment Geographic Range: 1 Range w/in Sacramentos: S # Community Types: 3 Habitat Specificity: 1 Number of Populations: 1 a Size or Populations: s• Life History: 1 Threats: 1 Habitat Vulnerably: 1
Mean Score: 2.11
Group: 1 a - score based on scorer's experience with species Comments Dropped from stateli st-too common or widespread.
References Anderson,L. C. 1964. Taxonomicnotes on the Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus complex (Asterac:eae, Compositae). Madrono 17: 222-227.
A-2 9 Cirsium inornatum Wo oton and Standley Plainthistle Asteraceae(Compositae) Synonyms: Carduusinomatus Woot& Stand.I. Status FWS: NM:IA FS: TNC: Distribution - General Endemic to New Mexico: yes 'New Mexico Counties: Cibola, Lincoln,Otero, Rio Amba, and T.aos Other States: Distribution Outside New Mexico: Ownership: FS Distribution - Sacramento Mountains LocalEndemic: no Number ofKnown Populations: Sizeof Populations: CoUection: Type: Sacramento Mountains near Cloudcroft, Wo oton 8/24/01; North Eagle Creek,2 mi. above fo rks, Wooton, 9/14/1899 (NMC);In White Mountains, Wootonand Standley, 8/25/07 (NMC); Along road edge, 9 mi. S ofCloudcroft, Spellenberg 9l9n3 (NMC); SacramentoMtns, S35, Tl6S, Rl2E, common,Pase, 8/1 9/90 (NMC). Location: Habitat In forestopenings and along road-edges in Ponderosapine and Doug-Fll' forests. HabitatSpecificity: broad Elevation: 7400 - 9000 feet Slope andAspect: Edaphic Factors: Natural Disturbance: Successional Status: Community Types:Rocky Mounta in Montane Conifer Forest Population Biology/Ecology Life Form:hero Life Cycle: biennial Mode of Reproduction: sexual Pollinators: FloweringPeriod: July - September Threats none known
A-30 Assessment GeographicRange: 1 Range wfm Sacramentos: 3 # Community Types: 5 Habitat Specificity: 1 Number of Populations: 1• Sizeof Populations: 1 • Life History: 5 Threats: 1 Habitat Vulnerably: 1
Mean Score: 2.11
Group: 3 a - score based on scorer's experiencewith species Comments Pat Barlow of theUniversity of New Mexicoconsiders this specia sub esof C. parryi. Droppedfrom list-toostate common or widespread. References Wooton, E. 0. andP. C. Standley. 1915. Flora of New Merico. Contnl>utions from the United StatesNational HerbariumVol 19. Government Printing Office,Washington D. C.
A-3 1 Cirsium vinaceum Wooton and Standley Mescalero thistle; SacramentoMountain Thistle Asteraceae(Compositae) Synonyms: Carduus vinaceus Woot& Standl. Status FWS: T State:LIA FS: Ll TNC:G2, S2 Distribution - General Endemic to New Mexico: yes New Mexico Counties:Otero Other States: no Distribution Outside New Mexico: none Ownership: FS; MIR; private Distribution - Sacramento Mountains LocalEndemic: yes Number of Known Populations:20 (64 subpopulations). Sizeof Populations: Total approx. 49,000 plants Collection: Type:In the SacramentoMountains nearFresnal, Wooton 7/12/1899; 1 mi. N of southernboundmy of MescaleroIndian Reservationon Rt 244, Owenby, 8/30/88 (NMC); SilverSprings Canyon,Todsen, 8/14n6 (NMC). Location: BluffSprings, Alamo Peak, Brown Canyon;Lucas Canyon; SilverSprings Canyon; ScottAble Canyon, Water Canyon Habitat Steepcalcium caibooate deposits immediatelyad jacentto flowing springs; streamand banks,streams wet meadows. Habitat Specificity: restricted Elevation: 7500 - 9500 feet Slope andAspect: steepslopes Edaphic Factors: wet travertine(calcium caibooate) deposits; wet calcareous soils Natural Disturbance: none; recoversslowly fromdisturbance. SuccessionalStatu s: CommunityTypes: RockyMountain Montane Co nifer Forest;springs Population Biology/Ecology Life Form:hero Life Cycle: biennial Mode of Reproduction: sexual;vegetative (root sprouting) FloweringPhenolo gy: polycarpic Pollinators: generalist:hummingbirds, bees, beetles, flies and moths. Flowering Period: July - September SeedDispersal: wind, possiblyup to 1/2 mile seeddispersal
A-3 2 Threats Reduction or loss of water supply-cattle, development, logging; competitionfrom invadi ng teaseland musk thistle; recreation; livestock grazing andtrampling. Assessment Geographic Range: 5 Range w/in Sacramentos: 5 # Community Types: 3 Habitat Specificity: 5 Number or Populations: 1 Sizeor Populations: 1 Life History: 1 Threats: 3 Habitat Vulnerably: 3
Mean Score: 3.00
Group: 4 Comments Nwnerous areas exist where C. vinaceum wasformerly distn"b utedbut no longeroccurs (e.g. typelocality and Hubble Canyon) or existsin low nwnbers. Populations reducedlivestock by or competitionwith teasel. One populationalong Forest Serviceand Mescalero IndianReservation boundaiy occupies historic habitat-stream banksand wet meadowsthroughout the Sacramentos. Other populations confinedto spring areasand areas protected from grazing. Listed as threatenedJune 16, 1987 ( 52 FR22936).
New MexicoState water lawis a hindranceto the protection of this species-lack of in-stream-flow protection References Huenneke, L. F. and J. Thompson. 1995 •.Conservation Biology.
Thompson, J. Master Thesis, NMSU.
USFWS. 1991, 1992, & 1993. SacramentoMountain thistle (Cirsium vinaceum)Rec:oveiy Plan. USFWS, Albuquerque, NM (see references therein)
Wooton, E. 0., and P. C. Standley. 1913. Descriptionof new plants, etc. Contr. U.S. Nat. Herf,. 16:109-196.
52 FR22936, June 16, 1987, FinalRule
49 FR20735, May 16, 1984 ProposedRule
A-33 Crataegus wootoniana Eggleston Wooton's hawthorn Rosaceae Synonyms: Status FWS: NM: L2 FS: TNC: Distribution - General Endemic to New Mexico: yes New Mexico Counties: Catronand Lincoln Other States: Distribution Outside New Mexico: Ownership: FS, MIR Distribution - Sacramento Mountains Local Endemic: no Number of Known Populations: Sizeof Populations: Collection: White Mountains, North Eagle, 1 1/2miles above fo rks at8000 ft, Turner 182, S/2'1J89. Location: Habitat
Along streams Habitat Specificity: broad Elevation: 6500 - 8000 feet Slope and Aspect: Edaphic Factors: Natural Disturbance: Successional Status: Community Types:Rocky Mountain Montane Conifer Forest, Riparian Population Biology/Ecology Life Form: smalltree or shrub Life Cycle: Mode or Reproduction: Pollinators: Flowering Period: April- June Threats none known
A-34 Assessment Geographic Range: 3 Range w/in Sacramentos: S # Community Types: 3 Habitat Specificity: 1 Number of Populations: 3b Size of Populations: 5b Life History: 1 Threats: 1 Habitat_Vulnerably: 3
MeanScore: 2. 78
Group: 1 a - score based on scorer's experience with genus Comments· Moved fromL3 status to L2 status onlist state 1/6/94. Disjunctpopulations between the Sacramentos and the MogollonMountains. Very little is knownof theabundance and potential threatsto � species. References Eggleston, W. W. 1907. Crataegus inNew Mexico. To"eya 1:23S-236.
A-3 5 Cryptantha pays on ii (Macbride) I. M. Johnston Payson's hiddenflower, Payson's Cryptantha Boragioaceae Synonyms: Oreocaryapay sonii Macbr.; C. calceolus var.pub escens Status FWS: NM: IA FS: TNC: Distribution - General Endemic to New Mexico: no New Mexico Counties: DeBaca, Lincoln, Otero, Sierra,and Socorro Other States:ad jacent Texas Distribution OutsideNew Mexico: rareoutside New Mexico Ownership: BLM; FS; NPS; private Distribution - Sacramento Mountains Local Endemic: no Number or Known Populations: Sizeor Populations: Collection: No collections made inSacramento Mtns. Location: Habitat Openslopes on limestone or gypsumsoils Habitat Specificity: moderately broad Elevation: 4000 - 7000 feet Slope and Aspect: Edaphic Factors: limestone or gypsum soils Natural Disturbance: Successional Status: Community Types: GreatBasin Conifer Woodland, Chihuahuan Desert Scrub, Semidesert Grassland Population Biology/Ecology Lire Form: herb Life Cycle: perennial Mode or Reproduction: sexual Pollinators: flies ? FloweringPeri od: April - July Threats none known Assessment no assessmen_t madefor this species Comments
A-3 6 Speciesmoved from L2 status to U on state list 1/6/94. Common on several large areaslimestone ofgypseous in south-central New Mexico (Valley of Fires area)
A-3 7 References
Higgins, L. C. 1971. A revisionof Cryptantha subgenus Oreocarya. BrighamYoung UniversityScientific Bulletin,Bio logical Series 13:1-63.
A-3 8 Cypripedium paysonii Willd. Golden lady'sslipper Orchidaceae Synonyms: Cy pripedium ca/ceolus var. pubescens Status FWS: NM: LlC FS: TNC: Distribution - General Endemic to New Mexico: no New Mexico Counties: Catron, Grant. Otero.Rio Amoa, SantaFe, and San Miguel Other States: Canadato Arizonaand Georgia Distribution Outside New Mexico: more or less widespreadoutside New Mexico Ownership: Distribution - Sacramento Mountains Local Endemic: no Number of Known Populations: Sizeof Populations: Collection: No collections fromthe SacramentoMtns. Location: Habitat Associatedwith mature coniferous forest Habitat Specificity: restricted Elevation: 6,000 - l l,000 feet Slope and Aspect: steep, N-facing slopes Edaphic Factors: Natural Disturbance: Successional Status: late Community Types: RockyMountain Montane Conifer Forest, RockyMountain Subalpinc Conif er Woodland Population Biology/Ecology Life Form:herb Life Cycle: perennial Mode of Reproduction: Pollinators: Flowering Period: Threats collection; habitat modification Assessment no assessmentmade Comments
A-39 Population(s) believedto beextinct in Otero county(Sivinski and Lightfoot 1994). Widespread, but rare. Species probably include forstate protection because it is anOrchid.
A-40 References
A-41 Delphinium novomexicanum Wo oton New Mexicolarkspur Ranunculaceae Synonyms: Delphinium sie"ae-blancae Status FWS: NM: L2 FS: TNC: Distribution - General Endemic to New Mexico:yes New Mexico Counties:Lincoln and Otero Other States: Distribution Outside New Mexico: Ownership:PS Distribution - Sacramento-Mountains Local Endemic: yes Number of KnownPopulations: Sizeof Populations: Collection: Type: near Cloudcroft at 8850 ft, Wo oton 7/3 1/1899; nearMescalero Agency, Woo ton 219, 7/27/1897; Little Creek, WhiteMountains, Turner9S 7/30/1899. Location: . Habitat openconif erous forest,meadows Habitat Specificity: moderatelybroad Elevation: 8,850 - 10,000 feet Slope and Aspect: Edaphic Factors: NaturalDisturbance: SuccessionalStatus: Community Types: RockyMountain Montane ConiferForest, SubalpineGrasslands Population Biology/Ecology Life Form:herb Life Cycle: perennial Mode of Reproduction: Pollinators: Broad tailedhummingbirds ?; Paintedlady butterflies Flowering Period: July - August .Threats none known
A-42 Assessment Geographic Range: S Range wfm Sacramentos: 3 # Community Types: 3 Habitat Specificity: 3 Number of Populations: I' Sizeof Populations: 1 • Life History: 3 Threats: 1 Habitat Vu lnerably: 1
Mean Score: 2.33
Group: 4 a - score based on scorer'sex periencewith species Comments In the forthcomingNorth America Flora Volume IlI, D. novomexicanum and D. sie"ae-b/ancaeare considered synonymous (D. Warnock pers. comm.) References Wooton, B. 0. 1910. The larkspurs ofNew Mexico. Bulletin o/ the To�y BotanicalClub 37:31-42
Wooton, E. 0. andP. C. Standley. 1915. Flora of New Mexico. Contnoutionsfrom the United StatesNational Herbarium Vol. 19. GovernmentOffice, Printing Washington D. C. 194 pp.
A-43 Echinocerus fe ndleri Engelmanvar. kuenzleri (Castetter, Pierce andSc hwerin) L. Bens.on Kuenzler's hedgehog cactus Cactaceae Synonyms: Echinoceruskuenz/eri Castetter,Pierce & Schwerin;E. hempelii Status FWS: E NM: LlA ·FS: Ll TNC: G4Tl, Sl Distribution - General Endemic to New Mexico: yes New Mexico Counties: Chaves, Lincoln, and Otero. Other States: Distribution Outside New Mexico: Ownership: BLM, FS; NM; private Distribution - Sacramento Mountains Local Endemic: no Number of Known Populations: 3 withmultiple subpopulations(?). Populations areconcentrated in two areas- Ft Stanton and Elk-withan outlierpopulation at Nelson Canyon Siu of Populations: Total Population SizeFt Stanton: 300 - 500 plants. Distn'bution (occurrences) Ft Stanton Populations: 26 sites (< 10 plants), 19 sites (<25 plants), S sites (
A-44 Overcollection; habitat modification; possibly overgrazing, which may remove the thermal cover necessaryto prevent frost damage; real estate development
A-4S Assessment Geographic Range: 3 Rangew/in Sacramentos: 5 # Community Types: 3 Habitat Specificity: 1 Number of Populations: 3 Siu of Populations: 3 LifeHistory: 3 Threats: S Habitat Vulnerably: 1
Mean Score: 3.00
Group: 1 Comments These cactiare difficult to see andjuveniles are especiallycryptic (Sivinski pers. comm.). Speciesstill is abundant in manyareas andunsurveyed habitatis large. However, populationfrom typelocality, nearElk, destroyedby road construction. Castetter et al. (1976) descnbethis variety as occurring innorth-central Mexico, but FWS doesnot acknowledgethese popul ationsas the informationwas pu blishedin a non-peerreviewed journal. Listedas endangeredOctober 26, 1979 (44 FR619 27). References
Castetter, E. F., P. Pierce, and K..R Schwerin. 1976. A new cactus speciesand two new varieties Newfrom Mexico. Cactus and Succulent Jo umal 68; 77-78.
De Bruin,E. A 1993. Echinocerusfendleri var. kuenzleri status summaryof knownpopulations. USFWS, Albuquerque, NM (see references therein)
USFWS. 1985. Kuenzler hedgehog cactus(Ec hinocerusfe ndleri varkuenzlerf) RecoveryPlan. USFWS, Albuquerque, NM. (see references therein)
44 FR619 27, October 26, 1979 Final Rule.
A-46 Erigeron rybius Nesom SacramentoMountains fleabane Asteraceae Synonyms: Status FWS: NM: L2 FS: TNC: Distribution -. General Endemic to New Mexico:yes New Mexico Counties: Lincoln and Otero Other States: DistributionOutside New Mexico: Ownership: FS; MIR;NM Distribution - Sacramento Mountains LocalEndemic: yes Number of Known Populations: Sizeof Populations: Collection_: Type: 1.6 km Sof Cloudcrofton Hwy.84, 2520 m, Nesom4535 8/30/81; 8 km NW ofRuidoso, canyon of N Fork Rio Ruidosoin openPonderosa Pine, 2400 m,Bennett 8712 8/8/65; 8 kmNW ofAlto, near Monjeau lookout, steppe openings, 2730m,Moir 66-40 9/8/66; Alto, 2100m,Fisher 36181 7/21/36;3.2 km N of SierraBlanca Peakin meadows on ridges, 2940-3360 m,Moir 66-46 9/5/66; WhiteMountains, 2100m, Wooton 277 8/4/1897; Cox Canyon,D-Fir, Barlow8/1 1/11; WhiteFlats, S28, Tl6S, RISE, 1800m,Billbrey 2 7/21/63; nearrent cabins above Cloudcroft, 2670m, Haynes 2738 8/14/68; 6.7 km SW ofCloudcroft on Hwy. 82 alongsmall ravine, Haynes 2856 9/8/68; 11.2 km Sof Cloudcroft on FS road toward Sunspot, 2670 m,Nesom 4537 8/30/81; 1.5 km Sof Cloudcroft, Sleepy GrassRd, 2520 m,Uttal 10031 112on3; N fork ofEagle Creek, common along creek (S36, Tl0S, RUE), Ward, 7/22/81 (NMC); Apache Canyon, Sleepy Grass Campground, 5 mi. S of Cloudcroft, Ward & Soreng 7/19/81 (NMC); 1.8 km S ofCloudcroft on Hwy82, Nesom(NMC). Location: Habitat Damp meadows and openridges of Ponderosapine, Doug-Fir, Spruce forest;fo rest openingsand edges; roadsides. Habitat Specificity:broad Elevation: 7500 - 10,000 feet Slope and Aspect:N-facing Edaphic Factors: mesic soils; limestone Natural Disturbance: Successional Status: Community Types: Subalpinemeadows, Rocky Mountain Montane Conifer Forest,Rocky Mountain Subalpinc ConiferForest Pppulation Biology/Ecology Life Form:herb Life Cycle: perennial Mode of Reproduction: rhizomatous Pollinators: FloweringPeriod: May - June
A-47 Threats noneknown Assessment Geographic Range: 5 Range wfm Sacramentos: 3 # CommunityTyp es: I Habitat Specificity: I Number of Populations: l 1 Sb:eof Populations: l 1 LifeHistory: 1 Threats: I Habitat Vulnerabiy: I
MeanScore: 1.67
Group: 2 a - score based on scorer's experience with species Comments Speciesis occasionally abundant in meadows and forestopenings.
References Cronquist. A 1947. Revisionof the NorthAmerican species of Erigeron, northof Mexico. Brittonia 6(2):121-302.
A-48 Eriogonum jamesii Benthman in DC. var. wootoniiReveal Wooton'sbuckwheat Polygonaceae Synonyms: Status FWS: NM: U FS: TNC: Distribution .. General Endemic to New Mexico:yes New MexicoCounties: Lincolnand Otero Other States: Distribution Outside New Mexico: Ownership:FS; MIR;private. Distribution - Sacramento Mountains LocalEndemic: yes Number of Known Populations: Siu of Populations: Collection: Type: White Mountains, 7000 ft, Wo oton 319 8/11/1897; White Mountains, Wooton. 7/6/1895 (NMC); 7 mi SE of Cloudcroft,Hess & Smith 8/2ln3 (NMC); Summit, capitan Peak 10,083 ft, Chadde 8/13/9S (NMC). Location: Habitat Roadcuts and small openings, mixed conifer andspruce-fir forest; subalpinegras.sJands (Festuca thurberl-lrls missourensis-Danthonia parryi); Oak-Rabinia woodlands. Habitat Specificity:broad Elevation: 6000 - 11500 feet Slope and Aspect: Edapbic Factors: Natural Disturbance: Successional Status: Community Types: Rocky MountainMontane Conifer Forest, Rocky Mountai n SubalpineConifer ForeQ, SubalpineGrasslands Population Biology/Ecology Life Form: herb, mat-forming Life Cycle: perennial Mode of Reproduction: Pollinators: FloweringPeriod: July - September Threats none known
A-49 Assessment . GeographicRange: 5 Rangewf m Sacramentos: 1 # Community Types: 1 Habitat Specificity: 1 Number of Populations: 1 Siu of Populations: 3 Life History: 3 Threats: 1 Habitat Vulnerably: 1
Mean Score: 1.89
Group: 2 a - score based on scorer'sexperience wit h species Comments A commonendemic. One of a numberof rapidly evolving formswithin E.the Jamesli complex (Reveal 173 & 1976). References
Reveal. J. L. 1973. Eriogonum (Polygonaceae) ofUtah. Phytologia 25:169-217.
Reveal. J. L. 1976. Eriogonum of Arizona andNew Mexico. Phytologia 34:409-484.
A-SO Escobaria villardii Castetter, Pierce andSc hwerin Villard's pincushioncactus Synonyms: Status FWS: C2 FS: L5 TNC: G2?, S2 NM: LlB Distribution - General Endemic to New Mexico: yes New Mexico Counties: Otero Other States: Distribution Outside New Mexico: Ownership: FS Distribution - Sacramento Mountains LocalEndemic: yes Number of Known Populations: 1 Sizeof Populations: Several 1000 along westescarpment Collection: Type: SacramentoMountains, eastof Alamogordo,Reaves 3984 3/18/72;San Canyon,Andres Sivinski and McIntosh2959. Location:West escarpmentof Sacramentosfrom Marble Canyon south to LoneySpring. Habitat Outcrops of limestone; desertslopes and ridges Habitat Specificity: restricted Elevation: 4500 - 6000 feet Slope and Aspect: N- & W-facing slopes Edaphic Factors:Silurian-Ordovician-Cambrian and limestone sandy foY eso rmationsoils Natural Disturbance: Successional Status: climax grassland Community Types: Semidesertgrassland and Interior Chaparral Population Biology/Ecology Life Form: Life Cycle: perennial Mode of Reproduction: Sexual Pollinators: Flowering Period:late April- mid May Threats Potential overcollection.
A-5 1 Assessment / Geographic Range: 5 Range wfm Sacramentos: s # Community Types: 3 Habitat Specificity: s Number or Populations: s Sizeor Populations: 1 Life History: 3 Threats: 3 Habitat Vulnerably: I
Mean Score: 3.44
Group: 4 Comments
References Castetter,E. F., P. Pierce, andK. R Schwerin. 197S. A reassessmentof the genus&cobaria. Cactus and SucculentJo urnal47:60-70.
A-52 Euphorbia wootonii Oudejans Delicate Spurge; Wooton's Spurge Euphorl>iaceae Synonyms: Euphorbia delicatula (Boiss.)Millsp; Zyg ophyllidiumdelicaJu/um Wooton& Standley Status FWS: NM: L3 FS: TNC: Distribution - General Endemic to New Mexico: no New Mexico Counties: Lincoln, Otero, and Sierra Other States: adjacent Texas Distribution Outside New Mexico: ? . Ownership:FS Distribution - Sacramento Mountains Local Endemic: no Number of Known Populations: Sizeof Populations: Collection: Location: Upper San AndresCanyon Habitat Riparianareas. Habitat Specificity: moderatelybroad Elevation: 6000 - 7000 feet Slope and Aspect: Edaphic Factors: Natural Disturbance: Successional Status: Community Types: Great Basin Conifer Woodland, Rocky MountainMontane Conif er Forest Population Biology/Ecology · Life Form: herb Life Cycle: annual Mode of Reproduction: Pollinators: Flowering Period: June - September Threats none known
A-53 Assessment GeographicRange: 1 Range wfm Sacramentos: 5 # CommunityTypes: 3 Habitat Specificity: 3 Number of Populations: 1• Siu of Populations: 1 • LifeHistory: 5 Threats: 1 HabitatVulnerably: 3
Mean Score: 2.56
Group: 7 a - score based on scorer's experience with species Comments Martinand Hutchins (1980) statethat this species is endemicto the mountainsof southcentralMexico. New While, Correll andJohnston (Flora of Texas, 1979) give species range asDavis Mtns, Trans-PecosTX, and NM. Oudejans(1 989) arguesthat delicatula,the epithetMartin and Hutchinsuse, is not availablefor the genus Euphorbia andthe correctname is E. wootonii. References
Martin. W.C. andC. R Hutchins. 1980. A flora of New Mexico. Vols. I & Il. J. Cramer, Hirschberg, Germany.
Oudejans,R 1989. New namesand new combinations inthe genusEuph orbia
A-54 Hedeoma pulcherrimum Wo oton and Standley Mescalero pennyroyal I ,ainfaceae (Labiateae) Synonyms: Status FWS: 3C NM: L3 FS: TNC: Distribution - General Endemic to New Mexico: yes New Mexico Counties: Lincoln and Otero Other States: Distribution Outside New Mexico: Ownership: FS; MIR;private Distribution - Sacramento Mountains LocalEndemic: yes Number of Known Populations: Size of Populations: Collection: Type: White Mountains, 1950 m.Wooton 241 7/30/1897 (USNat Hei:. no. 330465); Cloudcroft, Wooton6/30/ 1899; Tularosa Creek, Wooton 8/18/1899, 8/6/0 1; DarkCanyon, WhiteMountains, Wootonand Standley3480, 1907; Mescalero Reservation, Wooton 7/2 1/0S; Mescalero Reservation, 7/21/0S (NMC); CanyonN of Cloudcroft. scattered, Chapline 9/11/15 (NMC); 1 mi.N of Cloudcroftin open meadowat spruce-fir forest margin, Dunn7/29/5 1 (NMC). Location: Habitat Montane slopesand drysoils in conif erous forest Habitat Specificity: broad Elevation: S000 - 9000 feet Slope and Aspect:W-facing slopes; 10° Edaphic Factors:clay, loam,limestone Natural Disturbance: Successional Status: climax Community Types: Rocky Mountain Montane Conifer Forest Population Biology/Ecology Life Form: herb Life Cycle: perennial Mode of Reproduction: sexual Pollinators: insects, moths, bees, butterflies FloweringPeriod: June - September Threats Development inCloudcroft area; possibly grazing.
A-55 Assessment Geographic Range: 3 Range wfm Sacramentos: S # Community Types: S Habitat Specificity: 1 Number of Populations: 1• Sizeof Populations: 1 • Life History: 3 Threats: 1 Habitat Vulnerably: 1
MeanScore: 2.33
Group: 4 a - score based on scorer'sexperience with species Comments Plant does wellin open, moderately disturbedhabitat and readily colonizesroad cuts(Irving 1980b). Hybridizes withH. drummondii. var. drummondii (Irving 1980b). Species may beself-co mpatl"ble., i.e. inbred to a certain degree (Irving19 80b). Removedfrom considerationfo r federalpro tection 12/15/80 (Federal Register). References
Epling,C. andW. Stewart. 1939. A revisionHe of de oma with a reviewof alliedgenera. Repert. Sp. Nov. Bieb. 11S:l-1S0.
Irving,R S. 1980a Statusreport fo r Hedeoma pu/cherrimum. USFWS.
Irving, RS. 1980b. The systematicsofH edeoma(Labitae). Sida 8(3):218-295.
A-56 Hedeoma todsenii Irving Todsen'spennyroyal Laroiaceae (Labiateae) Synonyms: Status FWS: E NM: LIA FS: Ll TNC: G2, S2 Distrioution --- General Endemic to New Mexico: yes New Mexico Counties: DonaAna, Otero and Sierra Other States: Distribution Outsid� New Mexico: Ownership:BLM; DOD;FS; MIR;private Distribution - Sacramento Mountains LocalEndemic: no Number of Known Populations: 16 (13 inthe SacramentoMountains and 3 inthe San Mountains)Andres Sizeof Populations: Distnl>ution: 3 populations < 500stems; 6 pop�ons > 1,000stems; 1 population > 5,000 stems; 1 population > 10,000 stems; 1 population > 50,000stems; 1 population > 100,000stems. Collection: Westtnl >utariesof Nogal Canyon, Sivinski 1556. · Location:Otero Co.: S3, 4, 9, 10, 28, 33, 34, Tl3S, RllE Habitat Steep north.facing shaded slopes in mid elevationpinyon -juniper;areas; mesic sandygypseous-limestone soils. Habitat Specificity: restricted Elevation: 6,600 feet Slope and Aspect: steep(30 - 70%), N- & E- facing slopes; also, nearly level �rraces of intermittent streams Edaphic Factors:Rocky, gypseoussoils of thePermian-Yeso Formation Natural Disturbance: SuccessionalStatus: Climax Community Types: Great Basin Conifer Woodland Population Biology/Ecology Life Form: herb Life Cycle: perennial Mode of Reproduction: seedvegetative, & but primarilyvegetative-subterranean rhizomes Timing of Reproduction: FloweringPhenology: asynchronous; 1- 10% of thepopulation flowering atany one time Pollinators: hummingbirds (?) FloweringPeri od: June - September SeedSet: 1.6 - 2.3 outlets perflower; approx. 25% of a populationset perseed year. SeedDispersal: gravity Germination: low Threats Possiblypollinator limited as there is alack of otherred-flowering speciesin the area tohummingbirds. attract
A-57 Assessment GeographicRange: 3 Range wfm Sacramentos: 3 # Community Types: 5 HabitatSp ecificity: 5 Number of Populations: l Sizeor Populations: l Life History: l Threats: 3 HabitatVulnerably: l
MeanScore: 2.56
Group: s Comments A narrowendemic and relict speciesof theTularosa Basin. Speciesmay beself-co mpatible (Irving19 80b). Listed asendangered 8/6/81 (46 FR4002S). References Huenneke,L. F. 1993. Interactionofbreeding system and genetic structureinH edeomatods enii(J,amfacue), a rare mintof NewMexico. Final Reportto the Centerfo r PlantConservation and New DivisionMexico of Forestiy.
Irving,RS . 1979. A new and rarespecies from New Mexico. Madrano 26(4):184-187
Irving, R S. 1980. Statusreport from He deoma toclsenii. USFWS.
Irving,R S. 1980b. The systematics ofHedeoma (Labitae). Sida 8(3):218-29S.
USFWS. 1993. Todsen'sPennyroyal (Hedeoma todsenii)Recoveiy Plan. Draft USFWS, Albuquerque,NM. (seeref erencestherein)
USFWS. 198S. Todsen'sPennyroyal (Hedeoma todsenii)Recoveiy Plan. USFWS. Albuquerque, NM. (seeref erencestherein)
46 FRS730, Jan. 19, 1981 Final Rule
45 FR49858, July 25, 1980 ProposedRule
A-58 Heuchera wootonii Rydberg Wooten's alumroot Saxifragaceac Synonyms: Status FWS: NM: L2 FS: TNC: Distribution -- General Endemic to New Mexico: yes New Mexico Counties: Catron and Lincoln Other States: Distribution Outside New Mexico: Ownership: FS; MIR Distribution - Sacramento Mountains LQcal Endemic: no Number of Known Populations: Size of Populations: Collection: Type: Gilmore's Ranch, White Mountains, Wooton, 7/27/01, 283; Cloudcroft, Wooton, 6/30/1899 (NMC);James Canyon, Wooton 8/3/1899 (NMC); Ruidoso, 6600',Wooton, 6/29/1895 (NMC);2 miabove forks, NorthEagle Creek, Turner9/1/ 4/1899 (NMC). Location: Habitat Woodedmountain slopes andprotected, usually onoutcrops. rock Habitat Specificity: moderately broad Elevation: 6600 - 12000 feet Slope and Aspect: N-, W-, & S- facing slopes Edaphic Factors: Natural Disturbance: Successional Status: Community Types: Rocky Mountain Montane Conifer Forest, Subalpine Grasslands Population Biology/Ecology Life Form: herb Life Cycle: perennial Mode of Reproduction: sexual Pollinators: Flowering Period: June- September Threats none known
A-5 9 Assessment Geographic Range: 3 Rangew/in Sacramentos: 3 # Community Types: I HabitatSpecificity: 3 Number of Populations: 3• Sizeof Populations: s• LifeHistory: 3 Threats: I Habitat Vu lnerably: I
Mean Score: 2.56
Group: I a - score based on scorer's experiencewith species Comments Sacramento Mountain plants appear to be ahirsute (pubescent with stiffhairs) coarse variation of H.parvif olia. Disjunction between Lincoln and Catron county populations.
References
Small, 1. K. and P. A Rydberg. 190S. Saxifragaceae, Hydrangeaceae. North American Flora 22: 81-1S8.
A-60 Hexalectris nitida L. 0. Williams.in Johnston Shiningcoral-root Orchidaceae Synonyms: Status FWS: C2 NM: Ll FS: Ll TNC: Distribution - General Endemic to New Mexico: no Geographic Range: Wide New Mexico Counties: Eddy Other States: adjacent Texas andMexico Distribution Outside New Mexico: rare outside New Mexico Ownership: FS; other Distribution - Sacramento Mountains Local Endemic: no Number of Known Populations: Size of Populations: Collection: Location: Habitat Shadedplaces on canyon slopes, oakwoodlands. Habitat Specificity: restricted Elevation: Slope and Aspect: Edaphic Factors: Natural Disturbance: Successional Status: Community Types: MadreanEvergreen Woodland Population Biology/Ecology Life Form:herb Life Cycle: perennial Mode of Reproduction: Pollinators: FloweringPeriod: June- August Threats Extreme rarity; collection Assessment no assessment made
A-61 Comments A saprophytic orchid. Possibly may occur in the Sacramento Mountains (Lincoln NF-Cloudcroft, Guadalupe. and MayhillRanger Districts). This rare orchid hasbeen only seen once in New Mexicoin the Guadalupe Mountains in 1977.
References
A-62 Hexalectris sp icata (Walter) Barnhart Crestedcoral-root Orchidaceae Synonyms: Status FWS: NM: LlC F'S: TNC: 04, Sl Distribution - General Endemic to NewMexico: no New Mexico Counties: Eddy, Lincoln, Otero, andSiena Other States: WestVirginia south to Florida; Westto New Mexico andMexico DistributionOutside New Mexico: relatively commonoutside New Mexico Ownership: Distribution - Sacramento Mountains LocalEndemic: no Number of Known Populations: Size of Populations: Collection: Ridgeabove Algerita Springs{S2, Tl9S, RUE) in Quercusundulata in open Pinyon-Junipcr, Todsen -9/1/91 {NMC);Rocky, SW facinglimestone slope among Pinyon-Junipcr and Oak, SixteenSprings canyon {SEl/14, S24, TlSS, R14E), Todsen 8/21/69 {NMC). Location: Habitat Dcyopen oak, Pinyon-Juniper woodlands Habitat Specificity: restricted Elevation: 6800 - 7500 feet Slope andAspect: SW-facing slopes Edapbic Factors: limestone NaturalDisturbance: Successional Status: Community Types: MadreanEvergreen Woodland {Southwest only) Population Biology/Ecology Life Form: herb Life Cycle: perennial Mode of Reproduction: Pollinators: FloweringPeriod: June- August Threats collection
A-63 Assessment Geographic Range: I Range w/inSacram entos: 5 # Community Types: S Habitat Specificity: 5 Number of Populations: 3• Siu of Populations: s• Life History: 3 Threats: 3 . Habitat Vulnerably: I
Mean Score: 3.44
Group: 6 a - score based on scorer's experience with species Comments A widespread orchid, eastof NewMexico, but rareNew in Mexico. Usually comes upafter a rain,it and is poSSible that species is morecommon thancurrently thought
References
A-64 lonactis elegans (Soreng and Spellenberg) Nesom SierraBlance cliffdaisy; Elegant cliffdaisy; Shov,yleast daisy Synonyms: Chaetopappa elegans Soreng & Spellenberg Status FWS: C2 NM: L2 FS: Ll TNC: G2, S2 Distribution -- General Endemic to New Mexico: yes New Mexico Counties: Lincoln Other States: Distribution Outside New Mexico: Ownership: FS Distribution - Sacramento Mountains Local Endemic: yes Number of Known Populations: 3 Size of Populations: EagleCreek Populations more no than 200 plants; ThreeRivers, quiteextensive, up to a 1000 plants. Collection: Type: Eagle Creekcanyon on theNE flank of SierraBlanca at 2500m, Eastedge S 26, TlOS, Rl2E, Soreng, Sp el/enberg and Ward 2026 7/1 1/82. (NYBotanical Garden) Location: Eagle Creek Canyon S25 & 26, Tl0s, Rl2E (2 pops);Three Rivers S36, Tl0S, RllW (1 pop) Habitat Clifffaces Habitat Specificity: restricted Elevation: 8,200 feet Slope andAspect: E- & W-facingslopes Edaphic Factors: cracksin syenite rock(igneous rock consistingof alkalife ldsparand other minerals) Natural Disturbance: Successional Status: CommunityTy pes: RockyMountain Montane Conifer Forest Population Biology/Ecology Life Form: herb Life Cycle: perennial Mode of Reproduction: sexual Pollinators: generalist: insects. Flowering Period: May - June SeedDispersal: possiblywind Threats Possibly airpollution.
A-65 Assessment Geographic Range: 5 Rangew/in Sacramentos: 5 # Community 'rypes: 5 Habitat Specificity: 5 Number of Populations: 3 Sizeof Populations: 3 Life History: 3 Threats: 1 HabitatVulnerably: 1
Mean Score: 3.44
Group: 4 Comments Known only from3 populations,but fairly common inits limitedhabitat References Knight. P. J. and A C. Cully. 1986. Status reporton Chaetopappa elegans. USFS, Albuquerque, NM (seeref erences therein)
Nesom. 1992. Transfer of Chaetopapp a elegans to Jonactis (Asteraceae: Astereae). Phytologia 73: 416-424
Soreng.R and R Spellenberg. 1984. An unusual new Chaetopappa (Asteraceae: Astereae) from New Mexico. SystematicBo tany 9(1):1-5.
A-66 Lesquerella aurea Wooton Goldenbladderpod Brassicaceae · Syno�yms: none Status FWS: 3C NM:L2 FS: Ll TNC: Distribution - General Endemic to New Mexico:yes New Mexico Counties: Lincoln and Otero Other States: Distribution Outside New Mexico: Ownership: FS; MIR;NM; private Distribution - Sacramento Mountains LocalEndemic: yes (seecomment below) Number of KnownPop ulations: 12 (1981 data) Sizeof Populations: Distnbution: 2 populations < 10 plants; 1 population < 100plants ; 7 populations < 250 plants; 1 population < 500 plants;2 populations < 1000 plants; 1 population > 10,000 plants(7 /18-19/81 data) Collection: Type:On the S fork of Tularosa creek, 3 miles E of the Mescalero Agency in the White Mountains, 1950 m,on hillsides, Wooton 25 7/30/1897; vicinityof Cloudcroft, ·Wooton 1899; nearjunction of Hwys. 83 & 24, eastof Cloudcroft, Barclay& Perdue 813; 2 mileseast of Cloudcrofton Hwy. 83, Barclay& Thompson 1014; James Canyon nearCloudcroft, Barlow 1911; LookoutPoint on Rim northtrail of Cloudcroft, Corell & Corell 37860; Mayhill Ranger Station (possibly anintroduction) Wiltbank; Toboggan, Wooton 1905;Cox Canyon, Castetter 9545; Roadcut on SunspotHighway, Sivinski 1552; CanyonN of Cloudcroft, Cbapline 9/11/15 (NMC); S-facingslope, S21, Tl6S, Rl2E, Wagner& Sobo7/2 8/77 (NMC); Apache Canyon, Sleepy GroundCampground, N partof S5, Tl2E, Rl2E, Soreng & Ward 7/18/81 (NMC); Upper Cox Canyon, 1.5 mi. S of Cloudcroft, S5,6, &8, Tl6S, Rl2E, 10,000 plants, Soreng & Ward7/18/8 1 (NMC); Upper LaLuz Canyon, wherejoined by Bailey Canyon Rd., S23, Tl5S, Rl2E, Soreng & Ward 8/28/81 (NMC); S edge of M�ero IndianReservation, SWI/4 S14, Tl5S, Rl2E, Soreng & Ward, 7/18/81 (NMC); UpperJames Canyon on US 82, mile post 18, SEl/4 S18, Tl5S, Rl2E, Soreng & Ward 7/18/81 (NMC). Location: S14, S21, S23,' S25, S35, S36 TlSS, Rl2E; S31, TlSS, R 13E; S2, Tl6S, RllE; S5, S6, S6Tl6S, Rl2E; (seeSoreng 1981 for specificpopulation location) Habitat r Open rocky slopesin Pinyon-Juniper, Ponderosapine, Oak, Doug-Fir, and Aspenfo rests;fo restopenin�; disturbedsoils-roadcuts, logged areas. Habitat Specificity: moderately broad Elevation: 6500 - 9000 feet Slope and Aspect: 15 - 70% slopes; S- & SW-facingslopes Edaphic Factors: limestoneof theYeso Formationor colluviumover Yeso Limestone; stablebrown-stony-clay loam soils; cobbly, rocky limestone lacking litter. NaturalDisturbance: Successional Status: early colonizerof bareground Community Types: Rocky Mountain Montane Conifer Forest
A-67 Population Biology/Ecology Life Form:hem Life Cycle: winterannual Mode or Reproduction: sexual Pollinators: beesand flies FloweringPerio d: lune - September SeedSet: low; approx. 4 seeds perflower, 10 - 15 flowers perplant peryear Seed Dispersal:gravity Threats Disturbanceprior to seed set Assessment GeographicRange: 5 Rangewf m Sacramentos:. 3 # Community Types: 5 Habitat Specificity: 3 Number or Populations: 1 Sizeor Populations: 1 Life History: 5 Threats: 1 HabitatVu lnerably: 1
Mean Score: 2.78
Group: 4 Comments A narrowendemic but probably was morewidely distributed atone time. Soreng (1981) hypothesizes thatQlI'1'C.Dt restricteddistri butionis a result of thewarming and dlying trends since the lastglaciation. Populationsize can fluctuatewidely. Soreng (1981) reportsthat one populationwent "from practically to nonexistent, in one case, over10,000 individuals." Populationdynamics, like other annuals,dependent on temperature and rainfall patterns. A candidate for federalprotection Federal Register, 12/15/80, but droppedfrom consideration.
Wootondescn oes collecting this speciesat Luna, western Socorro county, butthis probablywas L. goodingil, a similarlooking species (Sivinski pers. comm.). References Rollins,R C., and E. A Shaw. 1973. Thegenus Lesquerella (Cruciferae) in North America. HarvardUniversity Press, Cambridge, MA
Soreng, R 1981. Statusrepo rt on Lesquerella aurea. USFWS, Albuquerque, NM. (see refere nces therein)
Wooton, E. 0. 1898. New plants fromNew Mexico. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 25:257-264.
A-68 Lilium philadelphicumvar. andinum (Niutt.)Ker -Gawt MountainLily l.iliaceac Synonyms: Lilium umbel/alum; Lilium. montanum A Nels. Status FWS: NM: LIC FS: Ll TNC: Distribution -. General Endemic to New Mexico: no New Mexico Counties: Los Alamos,Otero, Rio Amoa, Sandoval, SantaFe, San Miguel I Other States:Alberta south to New Mexico;to East Ohioand Arkansas. Distribution Outside New Mexico: more or less widespread outsideNew Mexico Ownership: FS; other?? Distribution - Sacramento Mountains LocalEndemic: no Number of Known Populations: 2 Size of Populations: Collection: Fresnal, SacramentoMtns, Wooton 7/2 1/1899 (NMC). Location: Silver Springs Habitat Wet meadows (In otherparts of range associatedwith mature coniferousforest) Habitat Specificity:�cted Elevation: Slope and Aspect: Edaphic Factors: Natural Disturbance: Successional Status: Community Types: RockyMountain Montane Conif er Forest.Rocky Mountain SubalpineConif erForest Population Biology/Ecology Life Form: hem Life Cycle: perennial Mode of Reproduction: Pollinators: FloweringPeriod: June - August (or later withautumnal rains) Threats. Collection;habitat loss.
A-69 Assessment GeographicRange: 1 Rangew/in Sacramentos: 5 # CommunityT_ ypes: 3 Habitat Specificity: 5 Number of Populations: 3 Siuof Populations: 5 µte History: 3 1breats: 3 Habitat Vulnerably: 3
Mean Score: 3.44
Group: 6 Comments Species was probably historicallymore abundantin the SacramentoMountains aswet meadowcommunities were morecommon inthe past then now. Theloss of wet meadowsis a resultof livestock grazing.species The is widespread, but rarein NewMexico. References
McIntosh. J. A 1950. Tr ansactions of the Wi sconsin Academy of Sciences 40(1):226
A-70 Lupinus sierrae-blancae Wo oton and S�andley SierraBlanca lupine Fabaceae (Leguminosae) Synonyms: Status FWS: NM: L2 FS: TNC: G3, S3 Distribution -, General Endemic to New Mexico: yes New Mexico Counties: Lincoln Other States: Distribution Outside New Mexico: Ownership: FS; MIR;private Distribution - Sacramento Mountains Local Endemic: yes Number of Known Populations: Size or Populations: Collection: Type: On the lowerpart of WhiteMountain Peak (Sierra Blanca).2340 m, Wooton 7/6/1895 (US Nat Her. no. 562220); Head of PierceCanyon,. CapitanMtns. 8/21/20 Hendricks sill/20 (NMC); Along roadbankon road to Ski Apache, Spellenberg 7/26'73 (NMC); On road toarea. ski about 1 mi. below, Spellenberg7/8f73 (NMC). Location: Habitat Meadows.open slopes.near streams, and roadbanks. Habitat Specificity:broad Elevation: 7000 - 10000 feet Slope and Aspect: S-facing slopes Edaphic Factors: dark, loamy soils Natural Disturbance: Successional Status: Community Types: Subalpine grasslands Population Biology/Ecology Life Form: herb Life Cycle: perennial Mode of Reproduction: sexual Pollinators:butterfl ies Flowering Period: June - September Threats none known
A-7 1 Assessment Geographic Range: 5 Rangew/in Sacramentos: 5 # Community Types: 5 HabitatSpecificity: 1 Number of Populations: 1 Siu of Populations: 1 Life History: 3 Threats: 1 Habitat Vulnerably: 1
MeanScore: 2.56
Group: 4 Comments Appearsto increase in abundance with disturbance. WootonandStandley (1913) descn"be thisspecies as"a conspicuous fea ture of the vegetation where it occurs" (pg. 138) References Wooton, E. O.• and P. C. Standley. 1913. Newplants from NewMexico. Contr. U.S. Nat Herb16: 109-196.
A-72 Lupinus sierrae-blancae Wo oton and Standley ssp. aquilinus (Wooton and Standley) Fleak andD. Dunn Eagle Creek lupine Fabactae Synonyms: Lupinus aqui/inusWooton & Standley Status FWS: . NM: L3 FS: TNC: Distribution - General Endemic to New Mexico: yes New Mexico Counties: Lincoln Other States: DistributionOutside New Mexico: Ownership: FS Distribution - Sacramento Mountains LocalEndemic:: yes Number of Known Populations: Size of Populations: Collection: Type L. aqui/inus: Gilmore's Ranch, on Eagle Creek. WhiteMountains, l220 m,Wooton and Standley3613 8/25/07 (USNat Her.562095) Ruidoso Creek, Wooton 1895. Location: Habitat Habitat Specificity: restricted Elevation: Slope and Aspect: Edapbic Factors: Natural Disturbance: Successional Status: CommunityTy pes: RockyMountain MontaneConif er Forest Population Biology/Ecology Life Form:hero Life Cycle: perennial Mode of Reproduction: Pollinators: Flowering Period: Threats none known Assessment
A-73 no assessmentmade - taxonomic problems
A-74 Comments Thetaxonomy of this subspeciesis questionable, particularlysince it is sympatric withL sierrae-blancae. This subspecies is possibly a varietyof L sierra-blancae.
Untilrecently L aquilinusconsidered to be a separatespecies, but now is consideredsynonymous withL sierrae blancae ssp. aquilinus. In theFl ora of New Me xico, Wooton and Standleydescn 'becollecting L. aquilinus in the SierraGrande, Union county!? References
A-7S Ma/axis tenuis (Watson) Ames Slenderadder's mouth Orchidaceae Synonyms: none Status IWS: NM:Ll FS: TNC: 04, SI Distribution - General Endemic to New Mexico: no New Mexico Counties: Oteroand Sierra Other States: adjacentArizona, Mexico Distribution Outside New Mexico: more or less widespread outsideNew Mexico Ownenhip: Distribution - Sacramento Mountains LocalEndemic: no Number of Known Populations: Sizeof Populations: Collection: Silver Springs Canyon, Sll, TISS, Rl3E, on rocky, NW-facing slope under mixed pine, fir, and spruce forest, Todsen 8/15/64. Location: Habitat Understoiy of mixedconif er forest Habitat Specificity: moderatelybroad Elevation: 7000 - 8000 feet Slope and Aspect: NW-facing slopes Edapbic Factors: Natural Disturbance: Successional Status: late Community Types: RockyMoun tainMontane Conif erForest Population Biology/Ecology Life Form: herb Life Cycle: perennial Mode of Reproduction: sexual Pollinators: FloweringPeriod: July - August Threats gnm.ng,logging.
A-76 Assessment GeographicRange: 1 Range wfm Sacramentos: S # Community Types: S Habitat Specificity: 3 Number of Populations: S Size of Populations: S Life History: 3 Threats: 3 Habitat Vulnerably: 3
MeanScore: 3.67
Group: . 6 Comments Silver SpringsCanyon population extirpated (Sivinsldper s. comm.) andspecies may be extirpatedfrom the SacramentoMountains. It is doubtful. ifM. tenuis everbad a viablepopulation(s) in theSacramentos as it isa rare orchid that reachesits northernmost distn oution in New Mexico. Specieshas mostly Mexican distributionis and peripheralto NM flora. Occursassociation in with matureconif erousforest. Speciesis not particularly appealing to orchid collectors,but maybe suscepuole to habitat modification due to grazingand logging. References
A-77 Mammillaria wrightii Engelmann var.wr ightii Wright'spincushion cactus Synonyms: Ne omammil/aria wrightii Britt& Rose; Ch i/ita wrightii Orcutt;Ebnerella wrightii F. Buxbaum Status FWS: NM: L2 FS: TNC: Distribution - General Endemic to New Mexico: no New Mexico Counties: Bernalillo, Catron, Dona Ana, Guadalupe, Lincoln, McKinley, Sandoval, SantaFe, Sierra, Socorro, Torrance, and Valencia. Other States: adjacent Texas andArizona Distribution Outside New Mexico: rare outsideNew Mexico Ownership:BLM; FS; private. Distribution - Sacramento Mountains LocalEndemic: no Number or Known Populations: Sizeor Populations: Collection: Location: Habitat Gravelyhills, sandyhills, or plains; desertgrasslands to pinyon -juniper Habitat Specificity: broad Elevation: 3000 - 7000 feet Slope and Aspect: Edaphic Factors: clay soils NaturalDistur bance: Successional Status: Community Types: GreatBasin Conifer Woodlands,Plains and GreatBasin Grassland, Semidesertgrassland Population Biology/Ecology Life Form:herb Life Cycle: perennial Mode or Reproduction: Pollinators: FloweringPeriod: May- August Threats overcollection; urbanization; habitatalteration by ranching operations andfire suppression. Assessment no assessment made-spp. possiblyoccurs in the Sacramentos, but no known records
A-78 Comments A widespread, but uncommonspecies. Movedfrom Ll to L2 status on thestate list 1/6/94because cactus is more widespreadthan previously believed and is proposed.to bedeleted fromthe endangere4state specieslist. References Benson.L. 1982. TheCactac eae of the Un ited States. Standford UniversityPress
Zimmerman, A D., and D. A Zimmerman. 1977. A revisionof theUnited Statestaxa of theM.wrigh tii complex with remarks on thenorthern Mexico population. Cactusand Su cculent Jo urnal49:23-35.
A-79 Op untia clavata Engelmann Dagger-thorn cholla Synonyms: Status FWS: NM: U FS: TNC: Distribution - General Endemic to New Medco: yes New Medco Counties: Bernalillo, Cibola, Dona Ana, Guadalupe, Lincoln,Otero, RioArriba, Sandoval,San Miguel, Santa Fe, Socorro, Torrance, and Valencia. Other States: Distribution Outside NewMedco: Ownership: BLM; DOD; FS; FWS; NM; private Distribution - Sacramento Mountains LocalEndemic: no Number of Known Populations: Sizeof Populations: Collection: NearCarrizozo, 4000 ft,Wooton 7/22/01 (NMC) Location: Habitat Sandysoils of valleysand grasslands. Habitat Specificity: restricted Elevation: 4000 - 8000 feet Slope and Aspect: W Edaphic Factors: sandy, gravelyloam Natural Disturbance: Successional Status: Community Types: Semidesertgrasslands Population Biology/Ecology Life Form: mat-forming Life Cycle: perennial Mode of Reproduction: PolliDators: Flowering Period: April - July ·Threats none known Assessment no assessmentmade- species may possibly occurin the SacramentoMtns., but no knownrecords.
A�O Comments A low-mat formingcholla. Dropped from the state list-too common or widespread. Commonin theRio Grande valley and adjacentdrainages. References Benson.L. 1982. TheCa ctaceae of the Un ited States. StandfordUniversity Press
A-8 1 Pediocactus papyracanthus (Engelmann) L. Benson Paper-spinedplains cactus; grass Grarna cactus. Synonyms: To umeya papyracantha (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose;Mam millariapa pyracantha Engelmann; Echinocactuspapyra canthus Engelmann;Sclerocactus pa pyracanthus N. P. Taylor Status FWS: C2 NM: LIB FS: Ll TNC: Distribution � General Endemic to New Mexico: no New Mexico Counties: Bernalillo, Cibola, DonaAna, Eddy, Grant, Lincoln, Los Alamos. Otero, Rio Arriba, Sandoval, Santa Fe,Socorro, Torrance, and Valencia Other States: adjacent Arizona and Texas Distribution Outside New Mexico: relatively common in Arizona and Texas. Ownership: BLM; DOD; FS; NM; private Distribution - Sacramento Mountains LocalEndemic: no Number of Known Populations: Sizeof Populations: Collection: Location: Habitat Gramaand galleta grasslands, usually when;soil issandy, rarelyon gypseous soils. Growsunder the protective cover ofGrama grass. Habitat Specificity: moderatelybroad Elevation: 5000 - 7300 ftfeet Slope and aspect: gentle slopes Edaphic Factors: sandyor gypseous soil NaturalDisturbance: SuccessionalStatu s: CommunityTypes: Semidesert Grassland, GreatBasin Conifer Woodland .Plains, Great BasinGrassland Population Biology/Ecology Life Form: Life Cycle: perennial FloweringPhenology: Pollinators: FloweringPeriod: April- June Threats Overcollection; overgrazing; habitat loss due to wbanization. Assessment DO assessment made- speciesmay po ssiblyoccur the in Sacramento Mtns, but DO knownrecords.
A-82 Comments
This cactuswas probably once abundant in central New Mexico, but degradation and overgrazing of rangeland has sharply reduced abundance throughout its range. However, still commonin the Tularosa Basin. Proposed to be moved fromLI to L2 status on state list An inconspicuous plant, often overlooked since theresemble spines the dried leaves of grass. References Benson, L. 1962. A revision and amplification of Pediocactus II. Cactus andSu cculentJo urnal 35:57�1.
Benson, L. 1982. The Cactaceae of the Un ited States. Standford University Press
A-83 Penstemon alamosensis Pennell andNisbet AJamoCanyon beard tongue Scrophulariaceae Synonyms: none Status FWS: C2 NM: U FS: Ll TNC: 02, S2 Distribution - General Endemic to New Mexico:yes New Mexico Counties: Dona Ana and Otero Other States: Distribution Outside New Mexico: Ownership: BLM; DOD; FS; private Distribution - Sacramento Mountains Local Endemic: no Number of Known Populations: 7 Size of Populations: Total populations size: 2374; Alamo (including Caballero, Purgatory, & Dead:man): 646 plants; Dead:man: 92 plants; Dog: 414 plants; Escondido: 202 plants; Mule: 32 plants; Negro Ed: Sl0; Rock face N ofNegro Ed: 46 plants; San Andres:506 plants. (1988 data) Collection: Type: a limestone creviceof a dry, rocky wash in Alamo Canyon, west slope of the Sacramento Mountains, about 5 miles SE of AlamogordoNisbet 817 (Acad.Nat Sci. Philadelphia); Dry Canyon, Sacramento Mountains,Rehn & Viereck; Dog Canyon, Sacramento Mountains,Castetter and Nisbet 8136 615/55 (UNM); Mouth of Dog Canyon, 4400'. Todsen4/26/70 (NMC); Marble Canyon, SWl/4 S26, Tl6S, RlOE, Spellenberg, 5/11/80(NMC). Location: Alamo Canyon, Deadman, Dog Canyon (nearmouth) , Dry(?), Escondido, Lead, Marble(?), Mule, Negro Ed, and San Andres Canyons; also midwaybetween Dead Man and Mule Canyon. Habitat Open sitesof canyon bottoms, drywashes, limestone crevices of rocky limestone billsi� rockyoutcrops, and at thefoo t of limestonecliff s. Habitat Specificity: moderately broad Elevation: 4400 � 6300 feet Slope and Aspect: north, northeast, or northwest facing slopes; steep slopes or rock ledges Edaphic Factors:Pennsylvan ian limestone; rocky, clayey, or gravely soil derivedfrom limestone. Natural Disturbance: Disturbance that opens upthe site Successional Status: Community Types: Interior Chaparral, GreatBasin Conifer Woodland Population Biology/Ecology Life Form: herb Life Cycle: perennial Mode of Reproduction: Pollinators:hummingbirds (?) FloweringPeriod: April - June Seed Set: highly variable-low during dryyears
A-84 Seed Dispersal: gravity
A-85 Population Biology/Ecology (con't) Germination: Native Plants of the Southwest nursery reportsthat seeds germinate welltreatment. aftercold Threats Grazing-cattleand wildlife; overcollection; rarity. Assessment GeographicRange: 1 Rangew/i n Sacramentos: 5 # CommunityTy pes: 3 Habitat Specificity: 3 Numberor Populations: 3 Sizeor Populations: 1 LifeHistory: 3 Threats: 3 HabitatVu lnerably: 1
MeanScore: 2.56
Group: 7 Comments An endemicof the TularosaBasin, it is knownfrom the SacramentoMountains and the MountainsSan Andres on White SandsMissile Range. When thereis ample winter moisturethe plant is fairly abundant,but drought reduces populationnwnber. Two possible extinctpo pulations: MatbleCanyon, wasnot surveyed in 1988, butreported to have plants there bySpell enberg {1981). and DryCanyon, a historic record.was surveyed in 1988 but noplants found.
Species greensu p earlyand springand istheref orevulnerable to grazing. White SandsMissile Range provides de fa cto protectionfrom Penstemon collectors. Speciesmay be self -incompau"ble{Spellenberg 1981). Nisbet and Jackson {1960) considerP. alamosensis synonymouswith P. harvardii Gray ofTmns-Pec:os Texas. Moved from Ll toL2 status on state list 1/6/94. References Nisbet. G. T., andR C. Jackson. 1960. The genus Penstemon in New Mexico. University of Kansas Science Bulletin 41(5):691-7S9
Spellenberg,R 1981. Statusreport on Penstemon alamosensis. USFWS
USFS. 1988. Penstemon alamosensis survey. Cloudcroft.Ranger District, Lincoln National Forest, Alamogordo, NM
USFS. Interim management planfo r Penstemonalamosensis (Alamo Canyonbeard to ngue). LincolnNational Forest, Alamogordo, NM.
A-86 Penstemon cardinalis Wooton and Standleyss p. cardinalis WhiteMountain beard tongue; scarlet Penstemon Scrophulariaceae Synonyms: Penstemon crassulusWooton Status FWS: NM: L2 FS: TNC: Distribution - General Endemic to New Mexico: yes New Mexico Counties:Lincoln and Otero Other States: Distribution Outside New Mexico: Ownership: FS; :MIR;private Distribution - Sacramento Mountains Local Endemic: yes Number of Known Populations: Size of Populations: Collection: Type: White Mountain Peak (Sierra Blanca)just above theforks of Ruidoso Creek. 2400 m, Woo ton 7/6/1895 (US Nat Her. no 563916); CapitanPass, Capitan Mountains,Nisbet 747 7/5/40 (UNM); Capitan Mountains,He ndricks 36103 (USFS, RO, Albuquerque); Sierra BlancaPeak, Wolf 2871, (Cl); In soilpockets on granite cliffs in canyon 2mi aboveThree Rivers Campground, White Mtn. Wilderness, Todsen6/24n3 (NMC). Location: Habitat Rocky outcrops, slopesand canyon bottoms inassociation with Ponderosa pine, Douglasfir Gambels'sand oak. Habitat Specificity:moderately broad Elevation: 7000 - 8800 feet Slope and Aspect: Edaphic Factors: Natural Disturbance: Successional Status: Community Types: Rocky MountainMontane Conifer Forest Population Biology/Ecology Life Form: herb Life Cycle: perennial Flowering Phenology: Pollinators: Flowering Period: June- July Threats none known
A.!d7 Assessment Geographic Range: 5 Rangew/in Sacramentos: 3 # Community Types: 5 HabitatSpecificity: 3 Number of Populations: 3• Sb:eof Populations: s• Life History: 3 Threats: 3 HabitatVu lnerably: 1
MeanScore: 3.44
Group: 1 a - score based on scorer's experience with species Comments A geographicallywidespread species, but foundin small populations. Apparently, no realthreats from collectors asnurseiy grown seed is available. Also, some populationshave de fac to protectionfrom collectors sinceseveral populationsoccur on military land andnational parks andthe plantis difficultfo r the casualcollector tolocate. Moved fromLl to L2 status on state list 1/6/94. However. some populations are threatened, butoverall species not threatened with extinction in NM. References Nisbet. G. T., and R C. Jackson. 1960. The genus Penstemon in New Mexico. Un iversity of Kansas Science Bulletin 41(5):691-759.
Wooton,E. 0., and P. C. Standley. 1913. New plants fromNew Mexico. Contr. U.S. Nat Herb 16:109-196.
A-88 Penstemon neomexicanus Wooton and Standley New MexicanPenstemon Scrophulariaceae Synonyms: Status FWS: NM: L4 FS: TNC: Distribution -. General Endemic to New Mexico: no New Mexico Counties: Lincoln and Otero Other States: Mexico DistributionOuts ide New Mexico: ? Ownership: FS; MIR;private Distribution - Sacramento Mountains LocaJ Endemic: no Number of Known Populations: Sizeof Populations: Collection: Type: in pine woods nearGilmore's Ranch on Eagle Creekin theWhite Mountains, 2250 m,Wooton and Standley 3507 8/15/07 (US Nat Her. no. 561371; CapitanMountains, Earle 200 1900;James Canyon, Wooton 8/5/1899; Cloudcroft, 2550m, Fisher 23 1909; White Mountain Peak (SienaBlanca). Wooton 8/1/01; Wingfields Ranch, Wooton 7/1895; Mescalero Reservation, Wooton 7/21/05; Ruidoso Creek, 1980m, Wooton 7/3/1895;2 miles W of Capitan, Castetter 5896 8/14/52 (UNM); Nogal Lake,Nisbet 765 7/3/40; Capitan Pass, NE ofCapitan, Nisbet 748 7/5/40 (UNM); S Fork of Little Eagle Creek, Nisbet 768 7/4no (UNM); PineLodge. Capitan Mountains, Castetter 5898 8/16/52 (UNM);2 miles above Bonita Dam, Gordon & Dunn 744 8/18/49 (UNM); 5.6 miles NW ofMayhill, Gordon & Norris 574 8/13/49; KarrCanyon, SacramentoMountains, Castetter5987 8/3/52 (UNM); 3 miles N of Alto. Nisbett 766 (NY); Indian Pass E ofCanizozo, Worth 539; Cloudcroft atRolland Canyon, Eggleston 1449a. Location: Habitat Wooded slopesand glades in pine woodlands. Habitat Specificity: broad Elevation: 6000 - 9000 feet Slope and Aspect: Edaphic Factors: Natural Distu_rbance: SuccessionaJ Status: Community Types:Rocky Mountain Montane Conif er Forest Population Biology/Ecology Life Form: herb Life Cycle: perennial Flowering Phenology: Pollinators: Flowering Period: July - August
A-89 Threats noneknown Assessment GeographicRange: 1 Rangewf m Sacramentos: 1 # CommunityTypes: 3 Habitat Specificity: 1 Number or Populations: 1• Sizeor Populations: 1 • µreHistory: 3 Threats: 1 Habitat Vulnerably: 1
Mean Score: 1.44
Group: 3 a - score based on scorer's experiencewith species Comments Wootonand Standley (1 913) descnbethis speciesas •verya common plant of thehigher parts of the Sacramento, White, and CapitanMountai ns•and the planthas been collected extensively. The plantwas dropped from state listbecause it wastoocommon or widespread. Crosswhite (1967) reportsthis speciesas occurringthe in Sierra Madre Occidental of northern Chihuahua, Mexico. References Crosswhite,F. S. 1967. Revisionof Penstemon SectionHab roanthus (Scrophulariaceae) m: Series Vir gati. American Mi dland Naturalist 77:28-41.
Nisbet, G. T., andR C. Jackson. 1960. Thegenus Penst emon in New Mexico. University of Kansas Science Bulletin 41(5):691-759
A..go Philadelphus wootonii Hu Wooton'smockorange Hydrangeaceae Synonyms: Status FWS: NM: LJ FS: TNC: Distribution .. General Endemic to New Mexico:yes New Mexico Counties: Lincolnand Otero Other States: no Distribution Outside New Mexico: none Ownership: Distribution - Sacramento Mountains Local Endemic: yes Number of Known Populations: Size of Populations: Collection: Type: Wooton. Gavilan Canyon,White Mountains, 7/23/ 05; Rehder372, Cloudcroft Location: Habitat ? Elevation: 7000 - 8000 feet Habitat Specificity: moderatelybroad Slope and Aspect: Edaphic Factors: Natural Disturbance: Successional Status: Community Types: GreatBasin ConiferWoodland Population Biology/Ecology Life Form: shrub Life Cycle: Flowering Pbenology: Pollinators: FloweringPeriod: June - August 7 Threats none known
A-91 Assessment GeographicRange: S Rangewf m Sacramentos: 3 # CommunityTypes: 5 HabitatSpecificity: 3 Number ofPopulations: 3• Sizeof Populations: 3• Life History: I Threats: 1 HabitatVu lnerably: I
Mean Score: 2.78
Group: 1 a - score based on scorer'sexper iencewith species Comments Knownonly froma few old collectionsin theSacramento Mountains. Informationis neededon itsdistn l>ution and abundance. Also,taxonomic problems. with genus in general. References Hu, S. 1956. A monographof the genus Ph iladelphus. Jo umalof the ArnoldArboretum 37: 15-190.
A-92 Potentilla sierrae-blancae Wooton andRy dberg Sierra Blancacinqu efoil Rosaceae Synonyms: Status FWS: JC State: L2 FS: Ll TNC: Distribution - General Endemic to New Mexico: yes New Mexico Counties: Lincolnand Otero Other States: no Distribution Outside New Mexico: none Ownership: FS; MIR Distribution - Sacramento Mountains Local Endemic: yes Number of Known Populations: Sizeof Populations: > 100,000 plants on SierraBlanca Peak (l981 data) Collection:Type: On the very top of White MountainPeak (Sierra Blanca), Wooton 469 8/16/1897; gravel loam of Lookout Point. White Mountains, 11,400 ft, Hutchins 6/1/69 (UNM 68766& UNM 4503 l); ApacheBowl Ski Area near crest,area, open thin soil, 11,200 ft,S32, Tl0S, Rl lE, Worthington 6141 (UTEP,CO) ; crest of mountains W of SierraBlanca Ski Resort,about .2 mi. S of theoverlook lodge at headof tramway (SWS33, 1/4 Tl0S, RI IE), 11,400 ft, rockywindswept W exposure, Worthington 7162 6/14/81 (UTEP,NMSU); F.agleCreek, NW 1/4 S25, Tl0S, Rl lE, where the creek bends SE, ca. 6 airmi.'NW of Ruidoso and 4 1/2 mi. NE ofSierra Blanca Peak. slopesabove where theold road crossesthe creek, Sorengand Ward 1604 6/17/81 (CO); F.agleCreek Canyon, NWI/4 S25, TIOS, Rl2E, Soreng 6/17/81 (NMC);Sierra Blanca in area Thurberf escuemeadow, S35, Tl0S, RllE, 10,000 ft,Soreng, 5/17/83 (NMC). Location: Sierra BlancaPeak to LookoutMountain VISta Habitat Higher elevationsites: openwindswept areas on thin soilor on rock outcrops.Lower elevation site: crevices on graniteoutcrops; Thurber fe scue grasslands. Habitat Specificity: moderatelybroad Elevation: 8100 & 10,000 - 12,000 feet Slope andAspect: Steep, southfacing slope (lowerelevation site); Edaphic Factors: thin soils (higher elevation sites); red to gray granticoutcrop (lower elevationsite) Natural Disturbance: , · Succession� Status: Community Types: Subalpine Grasslands Population Biology/Ecology Life Form:herb Life Cycle: perennial FloweringPhenology: Pollinators: FloweringPeriod: June - July
A-93 Threats Skidevelopment Assessment Geographic Range: 5 Rangewf m Sacramentos: 5 # CommunityTypes: 5 Habitat Specificity: 3 Number of Populations: 3 Sizeof Populations: 1 Life History: 3 Threats: 1 HabitatVu lnerably: 1
MeanScore: 3.00
Group: 4
Comments A narrowendemic, but veryabundant in high elevation meadowsof SienaBlanca. A one-timecandidate for federal protection 12/15/80, but dropped from consideration. References Wooton,E. 0. and P. C. Standley. 1915. Flora of New Mexico. 194 pp.
Wooton, E. 0., and P. A Rydberg. 1898. Descriptionof Potentilla sie"ae-b/ancae from NewMexico. Mem. Dept Bot Columbia Univ. 2:57
Worthington, R D. 1981. Status ReportPotent/Ila sie" ae-blancae. USFWS,Albuquerque, NM.
A-94 Primula ellisiae Pollardand Cockerell Ellis' primrose Primulaceae Synonyms: Status FWS: NM: L3 FS: TNC: Distribution - General Endemic to New Mexico: yes New Mexico Counties: Bernalillo, Lincoln, Otero, and Sandoval Other States: Di$tribution Outside New Mexico: Ownership: Distribution - Sacramento Mountains Local Endemic: no Number of Known Populations: Size of Populations: Collection: White MountainPeak, Wooton8/1/01 (NMC); Cliffs on N ridgeof SierraBl ancaPeak, S8, TllS, RI IE, Soreng & Spellenberg(NMC). Location: SierraBlanca Peak; LookoutMountain; Elk Point; N & S side of Buck Mtn. Habitat Rockyoutcrops in subalpine grasslands; in understoryof mixed conifer forests. Habitat Specificity: moderately broad Elevation: 9000 - 12000 feet Slope and Aspect: N-facingslopes Edaphic Factors: igneous soils Natural Disturbance: Succ.essional Status: Community Types: SubalpineGrassland, Rocky Mountain SubalpineConif erForest Population Biology/Ecology Li fe Form: herb Li fe Cycle: perennial Flowering Phenology: Pollinators: flies Flowering Period: June - September Threats none known
A-95 Assessment Geographic Range: 3 Rangew/in Sacramentos: s # Community Types: 3 Habitat Specificity: 3 Number of Populations: 3• Sizeor Populations: 3• pre History: 3 Threats: 1 HabitatVulnerably: 1
/ Mean Score: 2.78
Group: 7 a - scorebased on scorer's experiencewith species Comments Disjunctpopulations exist between theSandia and White Mountains. Williams(19 36) considersP. ellisiae synonymous withP. rusbyi var. el/isae. If so, the rangeof thespecies would be greatlynorthwest extendedtothe and north to includepopulations inthe Black Range, Mimbres Mnmttaius, a.nd theMagdelana Mountains. Taxonomic work needed to clarify this relationship. Moved fromL2 toL3 statuson the state list1/6/94. References WilJiams, L. 0. 1936. Revisionof westernPr imulas. American Midland Naturalist 17:741-748.
A-96 Pseudocymopterus longiradiatus Mathias, Constance, and Theobold Desertparsley Apiaceae (Umbellifeme) Synonyms: Status FWS: NM: L2 FS: TNC: . Distribution - General Endemic to New Mexico: no New Mexico Counties: Eddy, Otero, Sierra, and Socorro Other States: adjacentTexas Distribution Outside New Mexico: rare outsideNew Mexico Ownership: FS; NPS Distribution - Sacramento. Mountains LocalEndemic: no Number of Known Populations: Sizeof Populations: Collection: west of Mt. Park in anold apple orchardsurrounded by pinyons and ratherdense oakthicket about12 fttall, alongroad to Cloudcroft, 6800 ft, Dunn 8097 6/28/52 (LA);Hay nescany on, in forest ofDouglas fir and rock pine,Barlow 8/10/11 (MO) Location: Habitat Damp, narrowcanyo ns;cliff s; sandyor rockygro und; shadyarroyos. Habitat Specificity:restricted Elevation: 6000 - 7500 feet Slope and Aspect: N-facing slopes Edaphic Factors: sandysoil; limestone Natural Disturbance: Successional Status: CommunityTy pes: Great BasinConifer Woodland. Interior Chaparral Population Biology/Ecology Life Form:herb Life Cycle: perennial Mode of Reproduction: Timing of Reproduction: FloweringPbenology: Pollinators: FloweringPeriod: April- August Threats Heavy grazing
A.JJ7 Assessment Geographic Range: 1 Range w/in Sacramentos: 5 # Community Types: 3 Habitat Specificity: 5 Number of Populations: 3• Sizeof Populations: s• Life History: 3 Threats: 1 HabitatVulnerably: 1
MeanScore: 3.00
Group: 6 a - score based on scorer's experiencewith species Comments The southernedge of the Sacramento Mountains represents the northern most range ofthe species. While relatively infrequent in the Sacramentos, the species has been collected often from the Guadalupe Mountains, NM It isfrequently found under thornyscrub which provides protection from grazing and collection. It growsat lower elevations than the related P. montanus. References
Theobold, C., C. Tsing, and M.Mat hias. 1969. Two new species of Umbelliferae fromthe southwestern United States. Ma drono 20: 214-219.
A�S Pteryxia davidsonii (Coulter andRo se) Mathias and Constance Davidson's cliffcarrot Apiaceae Synonyms: Aletes davidsonii Coult & Rose; Pseudocymopterusfilicinus Wool & Stand!.; Pseudocymopterus davidsonii (Coult & Rose) Mathias. Status FWS: NM: L2 FS: Ll TNC: Distribution - General Endemic to New Mexico: no New Mexico Counties: Catron, Grant, Sierraand Socorro Other States: adjacent Arizona Distribution Outside New Mexico: rareoutside New Mexico Ownership: FS Distribution - Sacramento Mountains Local Endemic: no Number of Known Populations: Size of Populations: Collection: Location: Habitat Moist. rocky places. Habitat Specificity:broad Elevation: 6500 - 8000 feet Slope and Aspect: Edaphic Factors: Natural Disturbance: Successional Status: Community Types: Great Basin Conifer Woodland,Mountain Rocky Montane ConiferForest Population Biology/Ecology Life Form:herb Life Cycle: perennial Flowering Phenology: Pollinators: Flowering Period: August Threats none known Assessment no assessment - species may possibly occurin the Sacramentos, but no known records
A..JJ9 Comments Thisspecies possibly occursthe in SacramentoMountains. but speciesis not known eastof theRio Grande. P. davidsonii may bemistakenly identified in the field asPseud ocymopterus montanus, which differs slightly. Its rocky, inaccessib_le habitat protects it from mostthreats. References Coulter, J. M,and J. N. Rose. 1900. Monograph of North AmericanUmbe llife.rae. Contr. U.S. Nat Hem.7: 1-256.
Mathias.L. M 1930. Studiesin the Umbelliferae m: A monograph of Cymopterus including a critical studyof relatedgenera. Annals of the Mi ssouri Botanical Gardens 17:213-467.
Mathias. MLanc;l L. Constance. 1942. New combinationsand new namesin theUmbe lliferaell. Bulletin of the Tomzy Botanical Club 69:244-249.
A- 100 Ribes mescalerium Coville Mescalero current; Southwesternblack current Saxifragaceac Synonyms: Status FWS: State: L3 FS: TNC: Distribution .. General Endemic to New Mexico: no New Mexico Counties: Lincolnand Otero Other States: Texas Distribution Outside New Mexico: rare outsideNew Mexico Ownership: Distribution - Sacramento Mountains_ Local Endemic: no Number of Known Populations: Size of Populations: Collection: Type: Fresnal, Otero County, Wooton7/2 1/1899; SchoolHouse Canyon, Turner5/1 1/1899 (NMC); TularosaCreek, WhiteMtns ., 7000 ft,Wooton 8/6/0 1 (NMC); I mi. NEof Cloudcroft in openmeadow of forest margin, Dunn 7/29/5 1 (NMC). Location: Habitat Dryslopes in openpine forests Habitat Specificity: broad Elevation: 7000 - 9000 feet Slope and Aspect: Edaphic Factors: Natural Disturbance: Successional Status: Community Types: Rocky MountainMontane Conifer Forest Population Biology/Ecology Life Form: shrub Life Cycle: Mode of Reproduction: Pollinators: Flowering Period:May - August Threats none known
A-101 Assessment Geographic Range: 1 Rangew/in Sacramentos: 3 # Community Types: 3 Habitat Specificity: 1 Number of Populations: 3b Sizeof Populations: 3b µre History: 1 Threats: 1 Habitat Vulnerably: I
MeanScore: 1.89
Group: 7 a - score based on scorer's experience with genus Comments Information is neededon thisspecies' abundanceand distno ution. Ingeneral, taxonomic problemsexist with the genus. References
1900.Proc. Biol. Soc.Washington 13: 196
A-102 Senecio sacramentanus Wooton andStandley Sacramento groundsel Synonyms: Status FWS: ·NM: L3 FS: TNC: Distribution - General Endemic to New Mexico: yes New Mexico Counties: Bemalillo, Catron, Lincoln, Otero, and Valencia Other States: no Distribution Outside New Mexico: none Ownership:FS; MIR;private. Distribution - Sacramento Mountains LocalEndemic: no Number of Known Populations: Sizeof Populations: Collection:Type: In the vicinityof Cloudcroft, near thesummit of the SacramentoMountains, 2620 m,Wooton 8/15/01 (US Nat Her. no 690237); James Canyon, Wooton 8/11/1899; Cloudcroft, Wooton 8/24/01 (NMC);Upper end of Kay Canyon, on road to Sacramento Peak, NWI/4 S27, Tl6S, RI IE, Spellenberg 8/16/90 (NMC);floor of Woods Canyon, N center SIS, Tl8S, Rl2E, Spellenberg 8/26/90 (NMC);Junction of Bailey & La Canyon,Luz center of S23, Tl5S, Rl2E, Spellenberg 8/16/90 (NMC); E. of LaLuz on USFS Rd. 162, I mi. belowjunction w/ BlairCanyon Rd. Spellenberg & Ward, 8/5/87 (NMC);Hwy 130, 0.5 km Sof Sleepy Grass Campgroundon stabilized N-facingroadbank, Spellenberg 8/16/90 (NMC). Location: Habitat Understory of fir-maple-oakand mesic Doug-firforests; roadbanks. Habitat Specificity: moderatelybroad Elevation: 8000 - 11000 feet Slope and Aspect: E- & W-facing slopes Edaphic Factors: Natural Disturbance: Successional Status: Community Types: Rocky Mountain Conifer Forests, Subalpine grasslands. Population Biology/Ecology Life Form:hero Life Cycle: perennial Mode of Reproduction: Pollinators: Flowering Period: July - September Threats none known
A-103 Assessment GeographicRange: 1 Rangewr m Sacramentos: 3 # Community Types: 3 HabitatSpecificity: 3 . Number of Populations: 3• Sizeof Populations: 3• Life History: 3 Threats: 1 Habitat Vulnerably: 1
MeanScore: 2.33
Group: 7 a - score basedon scorer's experience with species Comments A polymorphic species which takes different forms in different mountain ranges andin needof ataxonom ic review. Itis similar to S. bige/ovii andS. pudicus (Barkley 1978). Found withLesquere//a aurea. References Barkley,T. M 1978. Senecio. NorthAmerican Flora. SeriesII, Part 10, pg. S0-139. NewYork Botanical Garden.
Wooton, E. 0., and P. C. Standley. 1913. Newplants from New Mexico. Contr. U.S. NatHem 16: 109-196.
A-104 Sibara griseaRollins Gray sibara Brassicaceae Synonyms: Status FWS: JC NM: L2 FS: TNC: G3?, S3 Distribution -- General Endemic to New Mexico: no New Mexico Counties: Chaves, Eddy, and Otero Other States: adjacent Texas, Mexico (?) Distribution Outside New Mexico: rare outside New Mexico Ownership: BLM; FS; NM; NPS Distribution - Sacramento Mountains Local Endemic: no Number of Known Populations: 12 (1987 data) Sizeof Populations: Distnlmtion: 9 populations-SO or less plants (data only fo r 9 of the 12 populations). Collection: Type: In limestone cliffareas, Maible Canyon, 4400 ft,Van Devender, Betacourt, andWimberly 6l4n9 (AZ); 3.5 mi. due E of US 70 through Alamogordo in Maible Canyon of W slope of SacramentoMountains, 5000 ft, Spellenberg and Spellenberg 5500 5/1 1/80; 4 mi. E of US Hwy. 70, Maible Canyon, 6000 ft, ,Spellenberg and Spellenberg 5507 5/1 1/80; Alamo Canyon, Knight 1986; West escarpment ofSacramento Mtns.,mouth ofSan Andres Canyon, NWI/4 SEI/4 S33, Tl 7S, RIOE, numerous individuals, McIntosh 5/27/87 (NMC); Mouth ofMule Canyon, Sacramento Mtns, NEI/4 SEI/4 S8,Tl7S, RIOE, numerous flowering individuals at baseof cliff: McIntosh 4/2/87 (NMC). Location: Alamo, Arrow, Deadman, Maible, Mule, Muleshoe,and AndresSan Canyons, Canyons,Unnamed and Joplin Ridge (S3, 10, 22, 25, Tl6S, RIOE; S34, Tl6S, Rl lE; S8, 10, 17; 20, 28, 33 Tl7S, RIOE; S4 Tl8S, RIOE) (see StatusReport for precise locations) Habitat Limestone clifffaces, overhangs, and at baseof cliffs otherwiseor nearly barrenclayey soil. Habitat Specificity: restricted Elevation: 4600 - 5250 (Sac. Mtn. pops) feet Slope and Aspect: N- & NW- facing slopes (Sac. Mtn. pops) Edaphic Factors: soft travertine limestone (Sac. Mtn. pops) Natural Disturbance: Successional Status: Community Types: Interior Chaparral, GreatBasin Conifer Woodland Population Biology/Ecology Life Form:herb Life Cycle: annual Mode of Reproduction: Pollinators: Flowering Period: March - June
A-105 Threats noneknown Assessment Geographic Range: 3 Range wfm Sacramentos: 5 # Community Types: 3 Habitat Specificity: 5 Number of Populations: 1 • Sizeof Populations: 3• Life History: S Threats: 1 Habitat Vulnerably: 1
Mean Score: 3.00
Group: 7 a - score based on scorer's experience with species Comments A rareannual withwide annual fluctuationsin numbersas aresult of favorable wet periods. For example, the MaibleCanyon population is descnoed as "abundant" on heibariumsheet (TypeSpecimen), while a 1987 survey (Cully and Knight 1987) found only36 plants. Additionally, population sizevaries spatially. In 1987, populations inthe Guadalupe Mountains ranged frompopulations containing overa thousand plants to aslittle as Splants in a population.
Populations located in the SacramentoMountains and on the east side of the Guadalupe Mountains similar in habitat requirements;while populationslocated on the west side of the GuadalupeBrokeoff and MountaiDS favor � drierhabitat Rollins (1981) reports specithis es occursMexico. in
Species possibly hybridizes withArabis or Dryopetalon species (Rollins 1981). References
Cully, A andP. J. Knight 1987. Status Report on Sibaragrise a. USFWS, Albuquerque, NM (seeref erences therein)
Rollins,, R C. 1981. Species of Draba, Lesquerella and Si bara. Contr. Gray Hem. 211:111-114.
A-106 Stipacurvif olia Swallen Curlleafneedlegrass Poaceae Synonyms: Status FWS: NM: IA FS: Ll TNC: Bandbook: T Distribution .. General Endemic to New Mexico:no NewMexico Counties: Dona Ana,Eddy and Otero Other States: westernTexas; northernChihuahua, Mexico DistributionOutside New Mexico: ? Ownership:BLM; DOD; FS; private · Distribution - Sacramento Mountains Local Endemic: no Ranger Districts:Number of Known Populations: Size of Populations: Collection: s�sw ofBent on SW slopeof Mtn. Lion Peak, , SWl/4. S34. T13S. Rl lE. manyplants. 6600 ft, Spellenberg 6/17/91 (NMC). Location: Habitat Limestone rims, cliffs, steep slopes,crevices of rockyoutcrops; highlygypseous soils. Habitat Specificity: restricted Elevation: 4000-6600feet Slope and Aspect: N- & NE-facingslopes Edaphic Factors: limestone and gypseoussoils Natural Disturbance: SuccessionalStatus: CommunityTypes: Interior Chaparral,Great Basin ConiferWoodland Population Biology/Ecology Life Form: bwichgrass Life Cycle: perennial Mode of Reproduction: Timing of Reproduction: FloweringPhenology: Pollinators: FloweringPeriod: May-Jwie Threats cattle grazing
A-107 Assessment Geographic Range: 1 Range wfm Sacramentos: 5 # CommunityTypes: 3 Habitat Specificity: 5 Number of Populations: 1• Sizeof Populations: 3• Life mstory: . 5 Threats: 1 HabitatVulnerably: 1
MeanScore: 2.78
Group: 7 a - scorebased on scorer'sexperience with species Comments Removedfrom consideration for fe deralp rotection 12/15/80 Droppedfrom statelist-too commonor widespread. References Swallen. 1933. Wash. Acad. Sci. Jour. 23:454
Hitchcock, A S. and A Chase. 1950. Manual of the grasses of the Un ited States. USDA Misc.Pub. 200. (Reprinted 1971, DoverPub lications, New York in 2volumes )
Spellenberg, R 1981. Status reporton Stipa curvifolia. USFWS.
A-108 Te tradymia filifolia Greene Threadleafhorsebrush Synonyms: Status FWS: NM: L4 FS: TNC: Distribution -. General Endemic to New Mexico: yes NewMexico Counties: Lincoln,Otero, Sandoval, Socorro,and Valencia Other States: DistributiQn OutsideNew Mexico: Ownership:BLM; DOD; FS; NM; private Distribution - Sacramento Mountains Local Endemic: no Number of KnownPopulations: Size of Populations: Collection: Type: RoundMountain on Tularosa Creek aboveTularosa, WhiteMountains, Wooton 183; Southside ofDeadman Canyon, Sivinski 2961; 1/2 mi. W of Tunnel on US 82, about 11/2mi. W oflilgh Rollson steepNW facing slope, 6000 ft., Spellenberg CJ/2ono (NMC). Location: Tularosa Creek, Nogal Canyon, FresnalCanyon, Deadman Canyon. Habitat Limestoneor highly gypseoussoils, usuall y in Pinyan-Juniperwoodlands. Habitat Specificity:restricted Elevation: 4900 - 6000 feet Slope and Aspect: NW-facing slopes Edaphic Factors: Limestoneor highly gypseous soils Natural Disturbance: Successional Status: Community T)'Pes: GreatBasin Conifer Woodland Population Biology/Ecology Life Form:shrub Life Cycle: perennial Mode ofRep roduction: Pollinators: Flowering Period: July - September Threats none known
A-109 Assessment GeographicRange: 1 Rangewf m Sacramentos: 3 # Community Types: S Habitat Specificity: S Number of Populations: 3• Sizeof Populations: 3• Life History: 1 Threats: 1 HabitatVuln erably: 1
Mean Score: 2.56
Group: 5 a - score based on scorer's experience with species Comments Droppedfrom state list-toocommon or widespread.
References
Greene, E. L. 1898. New Compositaefrom New Mexico. Bulletin of theTorrey Botanical Club 25:117-124.
Strother, 1. L. 1974. Taxonomyof Te tradymia (Compositae; Senecioneae). Brlttonia 26:177-202.
A-UO Tr adescantia wrightii Rose andBu sh Wright'sspider lily CororoeJioaceae Synonyms: Status FWS: NM: U FS: TNC: Distribution --General Endemic to New Mexico: no New Mexico Counties: Eddy, Lincoln, Otero, Socorro, and Torrance Other States: adjacentTexas Distribution OutsideNew Mexico: ? Ownership: BLM; FS Distribution - Sacramento Mountains Local Endemic: no Number of Known Populations: Sizeof Populations: Collection: Near junctionof Wild Boyand SnakyCanyons, S14 Tl9S, R I IE, Todsen (NMC). Location: Habitat .,_Ledges, moist canyons, streambanks; usuallyon limestonesubstrates wherewater collec:ts Habitat Specificity: moderatelybroad Elevation: 3500 - 5000 feet Slope and Aspect: NW-facing, steep to shallowslo pes Edaphic Factors:limestone, shallowsoils Natural Disturbance: Successional Status: CommunityTypes: Interior Chaparral,Great Basin Conifer Woodland Population Biology/Ecology Life Form:herb Life Cycle: perennial Mode of Reproduction: Pollinators: FloweringPeriod: June - September Threats Grazing(rab bits)
A-1 11 Assessment Geographic Range: 1 Rangew/in Sacramentos: 5 # CommunityTypes: 3 Habitat Specificity: 3 Number of Populations: 3• Sizeof Populations: 3• µfeHistory: 3 Threats: 1 HabitatVu lnerably: 1
MeanScore: 2.56
Group: 7 a - score based on scorer's experience with species Comments The above-ground presence of this species depends on seasonal moisture. Dropped from statelist-too common or widespread. Removedfrom federal consideration 12/15/80. References
Anderson, E., andR Woodson. 1935. Thespecies of Tradescantia indigenous to theUnited States. Contributionsof the ArnoldArboretum 9:1-132.
A-1 12 Va leriana texanaSte yermark Texas tobacco root; Guadalupevaleria Valeriaoaceac Synonyms: Status FWS: C2 NM: L2 FS: TNC: G3, S2S3 Distribution - General Endemic to New Mexico: no New Mexico Counties: Eddy, Lincoln and Otero Other States: adjacent Texas Distribution Outside New Mexico: rare outside New Mexico Ownership: FS; NPS Distribution - Sacramento Mountains Local Endemic: no Number of Known Populations: Size of Populations: Collection: Eagle Creek Canyon, S25 Tl0S, Rl lE, locally common on shadyaspects, Soreng 7/11/82(NMC); Eagle Creek Canyon, extremeNE comer S25, Tl0S, RUE, little to no shade,on exposedW-facing cliff: Ward& Soreng 6/17/8 1 (NMC); Increvices of large bouldersand granitecliffs, 2 mi. up from RiversThree Campground, White Mountain Wilderness, Todsen 6/24/73 (NMC). Location: Sacramentoand CapitanMountains Habitat Moistlimestone rock faces;crevices in large boulders; occasionallyin canyon bottoms. Habitat Specificity: moderatelybroad Elevation: 6000 - 8800 feet Slope anAspect: S- & W-facing slopes Edaphic Factors: limestone Natural Disturbance: Successional Status: Community Types: GreatBasin Conifer Woodland, Rocky MountainMontane ConiferForest Population Biology/Ecology Life Form: herb Life Cycle: perennial Mode of Reproduction: Pollinators: Flowering Period: April - July Threats none known
A-113 Assessment Geographic Range: 1 Range w/in Sacramentos: 5 # Community Types: 3 HabitatSpecificity: 3 Number or Populations: 38 Sizeor Populations: 3° :µfe History: 3 Threats: 1 Habitat Vulnerably: 1
MeanScore : 2.56
Group: 7 a - score based on scorer'sex periencewith species Comments
Species isoccasionally abundantwithin its limited range. Knownfrom the Guadalupe, Sacramento,and Capitan mountains. Candidate fo r federal protection 12/15/80, but droppedfrom consideration. References
Steyermark, J. A 1932. Some new Spermatophytes fromTexas. Annals of theMi ssouri Botanical Garden 19:389-395.
A-1 14