ITU-T Rio 06.09.01 Easy Migration from Cdmaone to 3G Cdma2000 RF Compatibility
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The Year of Globalisation for Cdmaone™ by Perry Laforge, Executive Director, COMA Development Group, USA
The Year of Globalisation for cdmaOne™ by Perry LaForge, Executive Director, COMA Development Group, USA Abstract The adoption rate, of cdmaOne™ has been the fastest of any wireless technology to date. It is already used in more than 30 countries around the world, serving over 7.8 million customers on five continents. The prediction is that by the year 2000 there will be about 60 million Wireless Local Loop (WLL) subscribers around the world, which represents 15% of the global mobile market, and growing to 200 million subscribers by 2005. Here, Mr. Perry LaForge of the COMA Development Group explains why he believes 1998 is the year of globalisation for the technology. The adoption rate of cdmaOne has been the fastest of any technology to date, and its adoption by major high growth wireless markets around the globe will continue to fuel subscriber growth and improve worldwide economies of scale. CDMA in Europe The unique, inherent advantages of cdmaOne, such as superior voice quality, longer battery life, and unexcelled call capacity have prompted enthusiasm for the technology even in Europe, where competing standards have historically dominated the marketplace. Nowhere is this demonstrated more clearly than the preliminary results of a field trial conducted in the UK by Vodafone Ltd. and QUALCOMM, Inc. The trial successfully displayed the technical feasibility of cdmaOne-Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) integration, while maintaining cdmaOne over-the-air performance. Elsewhere in Europe, cdmaOne fixed wireless networks are being adopted in Poland, Ukraine and Russia. Customer Satisfaction In North America, where the competition from other digital technologies is most intense, cdmaOne has emerged as the dominant wireless standard. -
UNIT V- SPREAD SPECTRUM MODULATION Introduction
UNIT V- SPREAD SPECTRUM MODULATION Introduction: Initially developed for military applications during II world war, that was less sensitive to intentional interference or jamming by third parties. Spread spectrum technology has blossomed into one of the fundamental building blocks in current and next-generation wireless systems. Problem of radio transmission Narrow band can be wiped out due to interference. To disrupt the communication, the adversary needs to do two things, (a) to detect that a transmission is taking place and (b) to transmit a jamming signal which is designed to confuse the receiver. Solution A spread spectrum system is therefore designed to make these tasks as difficult as possible. Firstly, the transmitted signal should be difficult to detect by an adversary/jammer, i.e., the signal should have a low probability of intercept (LPI). Secondly, the signal should be difficult to disturb with a jamming signal, i.e., the transmitted signal should possess an anti-jamming (AJ) property Remedy spread the narrow band signal into a broad band to protect against interference In a digital communication system the primary resources are Bandwidth and Power. The study of digital communication system deals with efficient utilization of these two resources, but there are situations where it is necessary to sacrifice their efficient utilization in order to meet certain other design objectives. For example to provide a form of secure communication (i.e. the transmitted signal is not easily detected or recognized by unwanted listeners) the bandwidth of the transmitted signal is increased in excess of the minimum bandwidth necessary to transmit it. -
Novel Joint Chip Sampling and Phase Synchronization Algorithm for Multistandard UMTS Systems
I. J. Communications, Network and System Sciences, 2008, 2, 105-206 Published Online May 2008 in SciRes (http://www.SRPublishing.org/journal/ijcns/). Novel Joint Chip Sampling and Phase Synchronization Algorithm for Multistandard UMTS Systems Youssef SERRESTOU1, Kosai RAOOF2, Joël LIÉNARD2 1 LCIS-INPG, 50 Rue Barthélémy de Laffemas, 26902 cedex, Valence, France 2 GIPSA-LAB, CNRS UMR 5216, 961 Rue de Houille Blanche, 38402 St. Martin d’Hères, France E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] Abstract CDMA Timing and phase offsets tracking remain as one of considerable factors that influence the performances of communication systems. Many algorithms are proposed to solve this problem. In general, these solutions process separately the chip sampling offset and phase rotation. In addition, most of proposed solutions can not assure a compromise between robustness criteria and low complexity for implementation in real time applications. In this paper we present an efficient algorithm for chip sampling and phase synchronization. This algorithm allows estimating and correcting jointly in real time, sampling instant and phase errors. The robustness and the low complexity of this algorithm are evaluated, firstly by simulation and then tested by real experimentation for UMTS standard. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm provides very efficient compensation for sampling clock offset and phase rotation. A real time implementation is achieved, based on TigerSharc DSP, while using a complete UMTS transmission- reception chain. Experimental results show robustness in real conditions. Keywords: Synchronization, DS-CDMA, UMTS, Joint Estimation, Early-late Loop, Phase Locked Loop 1. Introduction pull-in region of tracking loop [8–11]. -
ATSAMB11XR-ZR Ultra-Low Power Bluetooth Low Energy Sip/Module
ATSAMB11XR/ZR Ultra-Low Power Bluetooth® Low Energy SiP/Module Introduction The ATSAMB11-XR2100A is an ultra-low power Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) 5.0 System in a Package (SiP) with Integrated MCU, transceiver, modem, MAC, PA, Transmit/Receive (T/R) switch, and Power Management Unit (PMU). It is a standalone Cortex® -M0 applications processor with embedded Flash memory and BLE connectivity. The Bluetooth SIG-qualified Bluetooth Low Energy protocol stack is stored in a dedicated ROM. The firmware includes L2CAP service layer protocols, Security Manager, Attribute protocol (ATT), Generic Attribute Profile (GATT), and the Generic Access Profile (GAP). Additionally, example applications are available for application profiles such as proximity, thermometer, heart rate and blood pressure, and many others. The ATSAMB11-XR2100A provides a compact footprint and various embedded features, such as a 26 MHz crystal oscillator. The ATSAMB11-ZR210CA is a fully certified module that contains the ATSAMB11-XR2100A and all external RF circuitry required, including a ceramic high-gain antenna. The user simply places the module into their PCB and provides power with a 32.768 kHz Real-Time Clock (RTC) or crystal, and an I/O path. Microchip BluSDK Smart offers a comprehensive set of tools and reference applications for several Bluetooth SIG defined profiles and a custom profile. The BluSDK Smart will help the user quickly evaluate, design and develop BLE products with the ATSAMB11-XR2100A and ATSAMB11-ZR210CA. The ATSAMB11-XR2100A and associated ATSAMB11-ZR210CA -
Secure Cdma Wireless Handset
SECURE CDMA WIRELESS HANDSET SECURE VOICE COMMUNICATIONS AND DATA CONNECTIVITY COMBINED WITH WIRELESS CONVENIENCE The QSec®-2700 is a wireless handset that provides secure voice and secure commercial encypted data connectivity using advanced encryption for AES. Operating over 800 MHz and 1900 MHz CDMA commercial wireless networks, the QSec®-2700 handset looks, feels, and functions like a feature-rich commercial wireless handset. The QSec®-2700 handset features an embedded security solution that provides end-to-end, out-of-the-box security that is designed to meet the needs of of users requiring a higher level of encryption over existing commercial capabilities. > Fully Integrated, Multi-Band > End-to-End Voice and The QSec®-2700 Handset: Data Security • Requires no add-on module; security is integral to the handset. > Operates Over Commercial 800/1900 MHz CDMA • Requires no security token for secure voice or data. Networks • Offers a variety of CDMA2000®1X wireless features with clear data speeds up to 153 Kbps. > E911/A-GPS Capable > Supports WPS www.qualcomm.com/qgov QSec®-2700 Handset Handset Kit Includes • QSec®-2700 CDMA Dual Band Handset with 800/1900MHz • User Guide Handset Headset Earpiece • Standard Battery Audio Jack • Slim Battery Far Field Speaker • Leather Case (On Back) Large Color • Global Travel Charger Push to Talk Display (Future) Other Capabilities/ Features Send Key • CDMA2000/cdmaOne™-Capable (To Originate Clear and Secure Calls) • Software upgradeable by user Handset • Secure async data capable Microphone • High-performance -
CDMA2000—A World View
CDMA2000—A world view Johan Langer and Gwenn Larsson The world’s first CDMA2000 networks were launched in Korea in October while maintaining the 1.25 MHz band- 2000, providing 144 kbit/s data rates to subscribing customers and deliv- width. Operators and manufactures soon re- ering nearly twice the voice capacity that operators experienced with their alized that there were inherent cost, back- cdmaOne (IS-95) systems. The success of the CDMA2000 1X system in ward compatibility and timing advantages Korea has encouraged many operators in the Americas and Asia to follow in keeping with the 1.25 MHz bandwidth for evolution. Thus, CDMA2000 3X has through with their plans to launch CDMA2000 this year. now been put on the wayside until market The authors outline some of the products and describe product advan- demands make it necessary to migrate to a tages that Ericsson CDMA customers will gain when rolling out Ericsson’s widerband carrier (3.75 MHz). CMS 11 R3 to provide third-generation services early next year. The authors also describe some of the key enablers in CMS 11 R3. 1xEV-DO The two phases of 1xEV are labeled 1xEV-DO and 1xEV-DV. DO stands for data only; DV stands for data and voice. Updates in the evolution CDMA2000 1xEV-DO was standardized by the Telecommunications Industry Associa- of CDMA2000 tion (TIA) in October 2000. 1xEV-DO was Since the spring of 2000, the evolution of recently recognized by the ITU-R WP8F as third-generation CDMA systems has an IMT-2000 standard. Formal approval is changed dramatically. -
CDMA2000 – a New Challenge for 3G Mobile Radio Testers
MOBILE RADIO Radiocommunication testers Universal Radio Communication Tester R&S CMU200 CDMA2000 – a new challenge for 3G mobile radio testers The CDMA world is facing its next The CDMA2000 market 120 100 decisive step: the introduction of Since the launch of the first commercial 80 cdmaOne network in Hong Kong in 60 CDMA2000 1X, handling packet data September 1995, CDMA has established 40 itself worldwide as a mobile radio Subscribers (millions) 20 rates of up to 307.2 kbit/s. The standard. It has advanced triumphantly 0 far beyond the USA, its country of origin, Jun. 98 Jun. 99 Jun. 00 Jun. 01 future-oriented measurement platform Korea and Japan. With rocketing growth Dec. 97 Dec. 98 Dec. 99 Dec. 00 Dec. 01 rates, CDMA ranks besides GSM as a Universal Radio Communication Tester major digital standard of the second FIG 1 Development of cdmaOne/CDMA2000 subscriber figures generation. Now the CDMA world is R&S CMU200 also supports this third- entering a new and decisive phase, the introduction of CDMA2000 1X, which is generation mobile radio standard. capable of working with packet data rates of up to 307.2 kbit/s. in Korea and Japan is almost saturated, the highest growth rates have lately In recent years, cdmaOne has expanded come from North and South America, tremendously fast. In April 1998, there and a large market is emerging in were around ten million subscribers China. The network operator China worldwide, but now more than Unicom is presently setting up a 100 million customers make their calls cdmaOne/CDMA2000 network, with through CDMA networks (FIG 1). -
CDMA2000: Leading 3G
CDMA2000: Leading 3G Ewa Gawora, CDMA Development Group ITU Sub Regional Seminar on IMT-2000 September 10, 2002 Moscow CDMA Development Group CDMA Worldwide CDMA2000: Leading 3G 2 CDMA Development Group CDMA Worldwide CDMA2000: Leading 3G 3 Charter To lead the rapid evolution and deployment of CDMA-based systems, based on open standards and encompassing all core architectures, to meet the needs of markets around the world in an emerging, information-intensive environment Information Technical Service Deployment Distribution Development Assistance Conferences System Testing Time-to-Market Emails Advanced Systems Int’l Roaming Website Evolution Interoperability Etc. Etc. Etc. Membership The CDG is a consortium of over 113 member companies from around the world. Members are involved in many aspects of CDMA system deployment and support. Subscriber Value-Added Operators Operators Equipment Services Network Network Network Infrastructure Enhancement/ Interface & Optimization Access CDG Members Lightbridge, Inc. Pele-Phone Winphoria Networks Willtech, Inc. ParkerVision Inc. Sony Electronics News IQ Inc. Reliance Infocom Ltd. 6 CDMA Development Group CDMA Worldwide CDMA2000: Leading 3G 7 CDMA is the present and future of advanced wireless services Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) is a spread spectrum technology used in second and third generation wireless networks cdmaOne™ identifies 2G and 2.5G cellular, CDMA2000 is an ITU-approved, IMT-2000 (3G) standard PCS and wireless local loop (WLL) services CDMA2000 1X can double voice capacity and delivers data based on the IS-95A and IS-95B CDMA air rates up to 307 kbps interface standards. IS-95A supports data delivery up to 14.4 kbps while IS-95B offers up CDMA2000 1xEV is optimized for high-speed data: to 115 kbps. -
Lecture 12 UMTS Universal Mobile Telecom. System
Lecture 12 UMTS Universal Mobile Telecom. System I. Tinnirello Standard & Tech. Evolution I. Tinnirello What is UMTS? UMTS stands for Universal Mobile Telecommunication System It is a part of the ITU “IMT-2000” vision of a global family of 3G mobile communication systems In 1998, at the end of the proposal submission phase, 17 proposals have been presented and accepted main differences due to existing 2G networks UMTS is the European proposal 3GPP group founded to coordinate various proposals and defining a common solution Compatibility guaranteed by multi-standard multi-mode or reconfigurable terminals I. Tinnirello IMT-2000 Variants IMT-2000 includes a family of terrestrial 3G systems based on the following radio interfaces IMT-DS (Direct Spread) UMTS FDD, FOMA (standardized by 3GPP) IMT-MC (Multi Carrier) CDMA 2000, evolution of IS-95 (standardized by 3GPP) IMT-TC (Time Code) UMTS TDD and TD-SCDMA (standardized by 3GPP) I. Tinnirello UMTS: Initial Goals 1. UMTS will be compatible with 2G systems 2. UMTS will use the same frequency spectrum everywhere in the world 3. UMTS will be a global system 4. UMTS will provide multimedia and internet services 5. UMTS will provide QoS guarantees I. Tinnirello IMT-2000 Features Higher data rate through the Air Interface At least 144 kb/s (preferably 384 kb/s) For high mobility (speed up to 250 km/h) subscribers In a wide area coverage (rural outdoor): larger than 1 km At least 384 kb/s (preferably 512 kb/s) For limited mobility (speed up to 120 km/h) subscribers In micro and macro cellular environments (urban/suburban area): max 1 km 2 Mb/s For low mobility (speed up to 10 km/h) subscribers In local coverage areas (indoor and low range outdoor): max 500 m I. -
Leveraging 1Xev-DO for the Public Safety Community
EV-DO rA For Public Safety Leveraging 1xEV-DO for the Public Safety Community PAGE 1 1 EV-DO rA For Public Safety QUALCOMM Incorporated • Global leader in developing and delivering innovative digital wireless communications solutions based on CDMA and other advanced technologies. • Partners with wireless operators, device • NASDAQ symbol: QCOM • $5.67 billion FY05 revenues manufacturers, independent software • Founded in 1985 vendors, distribution suppliers and Fortune • ~4,300 US patents (~1,600 1000-class corporations to drive adoption issued, ~2,700 pending) mobility solutions based on third-generation • Over 2,500 US patents pending (3G) CDMA and other digital technologies. • $1.01 billion FY05 R&D Expenditures • Member of the S&P 500 Index • "100 Best Managed Companies" - Industry Week • "100 Best Companies to Work Execution - Innovation - Partnerships for in America" - FORTUNE • ~9,300 employees in 26 countries PAGE 2 2 EV-DO rA For Public Safety QUALCOMM’s Alignment with Industry and Consumers • Enable device vendor competition and selection – Wide selection of handsets from many suppliers enabled by QUALCOMM’s technology transfer, range of chipsets, software and broad licensing program • Provide a robust technology roadmap – Innovation, development and standardization of new technologies (e.g., EV-DO, DOrA, HSDPA, HSUPA, OFDMA, 802.11n) • Enable new consumer services in alignment with industry – gpsOne, BREW, uiOne, MediaFLO • Support operators to optimize network performance • Strategic investments/acquisitions to help drive the growth of the industry PAGE 3 3 EV-DO rA For Public Safety Aggressive Investment in a Complete Technology Roadmap Cumulative R&D Expenditures More Than $5B to Date $1.01B • Standard royalty rate has not changed during this time $720M QUALCOMM Yearly R&D Expenditures HSUPA, MBMS, Tri-band $523M WCDMA RF, $452M HSDPA Lower Cost EDGE HSDPA, $415M MediaFLO, OFDMA $340M OFDM multicast (FLO & EV-DO 802.11n, EV-DO Rev. -
Cilos: a CDMA Indoor Localization System
CILoS: A CDMA Indoor Localization System Waqas ur Rehman Eyal de Lara Stefan Saroiu [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Department of Computer Science University of Toronto Toronto, ON M5S 3G4 Canada ABSTRACT CILoS is based on signal fingerprinting, an empirical local- CILoS is an indoorlocalization system based on CDMA mo- ization technique that involves a training or mapping phase bile phone signal fingerprinting. CDMA networks vary their in which a radio map of the environment is constructed by transmission power to accommodate fluctuations in network collecting a series of fingerprints in multiple locations. A ra- load. This affects signal intensity and therefore limits the dio fingerprint captures a certain property of a group of radio practicality of traditional fingerprinting approaches based on sources heard at a specific location. After performinga train- receiver signal strength (RSSI) measurements. Instead, CI- ing phase, CILoS can help a client determine its location by LoS uses fingerprints of signal delay that are robust to cell searching for the closest matches of the current measurement resizing. We demonstrate that CILoS achieves a median ac- to the set of measurements collected in the training phase. curacy of 5 meters, and compares favourably to RSSI finger- printing systems. We highlight the significance of wide fin- CILoS is different from previous fingerprinting systems, gerprints, constructed through scanning multiple channels, such as the ones using 802.11 [2] and GSM [18], because for achieving high localization accuracy. We also show that it is based on signal delay rather than the receiver signal our system can accurately differentiate between floors of a strength (RSSI). -
Long Term Evolution (LTE) & Ultra-Mobile Broadband (UMB)
Long Term Evolution (LTE) & Ultra-Mobile Broadband (UMB) Technologies for Broadband Wireless Access Subharthi Paul [email protected] (A survey paper written under guidance of Prof. Raj Jain) Download Abstract The evolution of wireless telephone technologies can be discretely grouped into various generations based on the level of maturity of the underlying technology. The classification into generations is not standardized on any given metrics or parameters and as such does not represent a strict demarcation. However, it represents a perspective which is commonly agreed upon, both by industry and academia, and hence conceived to be an unwritten standard. At this time, there are two major efforts towards the development of the next generation - "4G" wireless access technology. The 3GPP or 3rd Generation Partnership project (brand named as Long Term Evolution) is the name of the 4G efforts being undertaken in Europe and the 3GPP2 or 3rd Generation Partnership project 2 (brand named as Ultra Mobile Broadband) is the 4G effort of North America and parts of Asia. This survey tries to present an evolutionary and objective sketch to the development efforts of these technologies that mark the future of wide area broadband wireless access technologies. Keywords Wireless telephone technology, wireless access, broadband, 1G, 2G, 3G, 4G, Long Term Evolution, Ultra-Mobile Broadband, Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing, Multiple Input-Multiple Output, 3GPP, 3GPP2 Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. 4G Wireless Standards 3. Technical Challenges and Technologies Adopted 3.1 OFDM 3.2 MIMO 3.3 SAE 3.4 Other Technical Aspetcts 3.4.1 Quasi Orthogonal Reverse Link 3.4.2 Adaptive Interference Management Mechanisms 3.4.3 Seamless Layer1/Layer2 Handoffs 4.