22 Network Review Spring 2009 Natural Selection and Beyond: Celebrating the Intellectual Legacy

reports of Alfred Russel Wallace Linnean Society, Burlington House, London SW1, 22 November 2008

Dick Vane-Wright, Canterbury, Kent

The famous joint paper by Alfred Russel Wallace and Charles Darwin, ‘On the tendency of species to form varieties; and on the perpetuation of varieties and species by natural means of selection’, which introduced to the world the revolutionary idea of evolution by natural selection, was read at the Linnean Society of London on 1st July 1858. The one-day Scientific & Medical Network meeting reported here, appropriately held at the LSL, not only marked the 150th anniversary of this historic event but also acted as a celebration of the life and work of Alfred Russel Wallace. Wallace’s remarkable contributions to science, geography, sociology, politics and studies of the human spirit were very wide ranging, and many still have great resonance today. The meeting also acted as a book launch for Natural Selection & Beyond: The Intellectual Legacy of Alfred Russel Wallace, published Oxford University Press. Three of the five main speakers were drawn from the 25 contributors to this book, including both of the editors—Charles H. Smith and George W. Beccaloni.

the truly great moments of science. As such, it must represent the greatest contribution that Wallace ever made to human understanding throughout his illustrious career— notwithstanding that he had to share the honour with Darwin as co-founder of the theory of evolution by natural selection. In his lifetime Wallace was venerated as a great scientist, but he has since been increasingly in Darwin’s shadow—something we were to hear about at several points in the programme, and an injustice that the meeting and book were in part intended to redress. Peter Raby, Research Reader Professor Aubrey Manning in English and Drama at Homerton College, Cambridge, has pursued a he meeting was chaired, in review for 1858, commented ‘The variety of literary interests, including delightful fashion, by the year . . . has not . . . been marked 19th century field naturalists; TUniversity of Edinburgh’s by any of those striking discoveries his books include Bright paradise: Emeritus Professor of Natural History, which at once revolutionise . . . the Victorian scientific travellers (1996) Aubrey Manning. In his introduction, department of science on which they Professor Manning reminded us of bear.’ Reading of the joint paper (by and Alfred Russel Wallace: a Life the unfortunate words of the Linnean Charles Lyell and Joseph Hooker; (2001). In his contribution to the new Society’s then President Thomas Bell Wallace and Darwin were both unable book, Raby concentrates on Wallace’s who, in writing the Society’s annual to attend) was, in retrospect, one of literary influences, style and legacy.

www.scimednet.org Network Review Spring 2009 23 reports At the meeting, however, speaking Natural History, 1855), which showed to the title ARW: The Evolution of an how his ideas on evolution were Unforgotten Naturalist, he focussed developing. The mechanism of natural more on issues connected with why selection was, however, still missing. Wallace, in comparison to Darwin, has Then, in 1858, while suffering from a been relatively overlooked. Part of the fever on the island of Halmahera, the reason lies in the simplification that crucial Malthusian idea came to him— any popularising bandwagon creates— perhaps almost as in a dream. Based and there can be no doubt that a on this he wrote his famous short ‘Darwin Industry’ has grown up in essay ‘On the tendency of varieties recent decades. This then becomes a to depart indefinitely from the original self-fulfilling prophecy. type’, and posted it to Darwin from Wallace is not always even treated neighbouring Ternate on 9th March with respect. Terence Kealy, writing 1858. Receipt of this succinct account about Wallace in The Times on May of the essential, core argument for the 12th 2008, referred to him as an theory of evolution by natural selection obsessive, likening him to ‘Mr Pooter’ propelled Darwin not only to write his of Diary of a Nobody fame. Kealy’s George Beccaloni own summary for their joint 1st of egregious comment has a darker side man ever reach these distant lands, and July Linnean Society presentation, but to which Raby alluded: have those of bring moral, intellectual, and physical also to bring forward his plans for the us who really appreciate Wallace’s light into the recesses of these virgin Origin—which, published in November genius simply done a bad job? Peter forests, we may be sure that he will 1859, is in reality only a rather long went on to elucidate a whole range so disturb the nicely-balanced relations sketch! of aspects affecting Wallace and his of organic and inorganic nature as to Beccaloni went on to consider why career, his various influences, his cause the disappearance, and finally Wallace has been eclipsed by Darwin less than privileged background, the the extinction, of these very beings with respect to the joint discovery. In peculiarities of his interests, and whose wonderful structure and beauty the early decades of the 20th century the genius of his insights. I was he alone is fitted to appreciate and far greater importance was attributed particularly grateful to be reminded enjoy. This consideration must surely to neo-Lamarckism and mutationism. of this wonderful passage about his tell us that all living things were not By the time natural selection was feelings regarding the Aru Bird of made for man. ‘re-discovered’ mid-century as the Paradise: Add to this the fact that in later life critical process, history had been I thought of the long ages of the past, Wallace became ever more fixed on forgotten, and biologists accepted the during which the successive generations the role of humans in the universe, we convenient fiction that Darwin’s Origin of this little creature had run their can begin to appreciate the complexity was the source. Since then Darwin’s course—year by year being born, and of Wallace’s thinking, and in some fame has risen almost exponentially, living and dying amid these dark and aspects, his paradoxical nature. with Wallace’s brilliant insight relegated gloomy woods, with no intelligent eye Peter’s contribution was suitably rich, to that of an historical footnote. to gaze upon their loveliness; to all and reflected this enigmatic aspect Roy Davies (film director, and visiting lecturer at London College of appearance such a wanton waste of brilliantly; I have put his Wallace Communication) offered a radical New beauty. Such ideas excite a feeling biography on my must-get list. of melancholy. It seems sad, that on Interpretation of the Events, based The second and third papers on his book The Darwin Conspiracy: the one hand such exquisite creatures offered contrasting interpretations origins of a scientific crime (Golden should live out their lives and exhibit about the somewhat vexed issue of Square, London, 2008). Davies their charms only in these wild Wallace, Darwin and the Discovery of suggested that Darwin did not come inhospitable regions, doomed for ages Natural Selection. George Beccaloni up with the idea of natural selection by yet to come to hopeless barbarism; (Entomology Department, Natural himself at all, but struggled for years, while on the other hand, should civilized History Museum, London) spoke without success, to find the crucial Peter Raby first, giving an up-to-date account of Roy Davies what might be called the orthodox theory—richly prefaced by an account of Wallace’s life from his initial employment as a surveyor, his early readings of Chambers’ Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation and Malthus’ An Essay on the Principle of Population, meeting Henry Walter Bates in Leicester, their passion for insects, his somewhat abortive trip to the Amazon with Bates, and then the crucial 14,000 mile exploration of the Malay Archipelago that occupied eight years of his life. During this expeditionary period Wallace published ‘On the law which has regulated the introduction of new species’ (Annals and Magazine of

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mechanism that would make the even in areas, such as economics, theory of organic evolution plausible where he is not generally considered a and demonstrable. When the ‘Ternate’ great or original thinker. For example, essay arrived at Down House, Darwin his ideas on land nationalisation, had was shocked to realise that Wallace they still been in circulation, would had the vital key, and that he was about have been rejected as utopian or to be upstaged. The joint paper was even dangerous socialism during most hurriedly assembled, and the Origin of the 20th century. Now, however, reports modified and rushed into print. Since faced as we are with the need to then, those of privilege, like Darwin forge a new relationship with the himself, have closed ranks to protect Earth in the search for sustainability, Darwin’s claim, and to minimise the many of Wallace’s prescient ideas on credit due to Wallace so that Darwin is land tenure, economics, capitalism, seen as the one, true discoverer. The human well-being, environmentalism, significance of Malthus is crucial, and intergenerational equity, and the Davies contends that Darwin was not consequent urgent need for social influenced by Malthus until he received reform, are current—and seem very Wallace’s essay. Professor David Collard worthy of detailed reappraisal. The final 50 minutes were devoted Davies adduced many other ideas I suspect that his paper on ‘Wallace and suggestions to back his views. to a ‘forum’, moderated by Aubrey and Final Causes: Spiritualism, Manning, in which all speakers were Following the ensuing discussion, I Evolution, and Beyond’ was anticipated first requested to reflect on what was left feeling that the audience was by many in the room as the potential they had heard and ask questions not quite ready for, or wholly convinced highlight of the day. In the event, I of each other, after which members by Davies’ conspiracy theory. Even so, think most of us struggled to follow his of the audience were invited to pose there are certainly some puzzles to be argument, based in part on systems questions from the floor. The wide- answered if we are ever to understand theory, and addressing, in particular, a ranging discussions that ensued, the true course of events. Whatever theoretical modelling approach to the together with all five main talks and may yet transpire, Wallace’s inspiration evolution of butterfly colour patterns. Aubrey Manning’s introduction, were and genius cannot be denied. As a result of his somewhat obscure taped by Martin Redfern—and all of Charles Smith (Science Librarian these valuable recordings are now and Professor of Library Public Services presentation, the immediate impact of Smith’s argument appeared lost. available for downloading at http:// at Western Kentucky University) is one wallacefund.info/en/video-sound- of the great contemporary Wallace He seemed to be suggesting that an explanation for Wallace’s interest in recordings (also on SMN site) scholars, perhaps most conspicuous To try to address the life and work spiritualism could be found in ‘final for his remarkable on-line ‘Alfred of Alfred Russel Wallace in a single causes’, or purposive evolution— Russel Wallace page’ (http://www. day was an overambitious undertaking something, as pointed out by Jacques wku.edu/~smithch/index1.htm). that could never do full justice to this Monod in Chance and Necessity, that remarkable polymath. In the event, the Professor Charles Smith has been systematically but incorrectly meeting met its lesser aim remarkably denied by most biologists since the well—to give some Wallacean balance emergence of neo-Darwinism. If so, on to the great 2008 ‘evolution by natural reflection, Smith’s paper was arguably selection’ celebrations that otherwise the most profound contribution of the focused almost entirely on Darwin. day, and deserved closer attention. Warm congratulations are due to This can still be achieved by listening the speakers, Aubrey Manning, the to the online recording (see below), Scientific & Medical Network, and and accessing Smith’s website. the Linnean Society for, respectively, The final speaker, David Collard informing, moderating, organising and (Professor Emeritus, Department hosting what proved to be a most of Economics & International stimulating and enjoyable event. Development, University of Bath), gave a fascinating account of ARW as a Dick Vane-Wright is a SMN member, Social Reformer. Even more than the a Scientific Associate of the Natural other presenters, Collard gave rein to History Museum, and Honorary the extraordinary breadth of Wallace’s Professor of Taxonomy at DICE, interests, and his remarkable insights University of Kent

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www.scimednet.org Network Review Spring 2009 25 reports Carcassonne and the

Claudia Nielsen

This trip was a realisation of a plan Bart van der Lugt, our former Chair, and I had years ago. The Cathar region was very close to his heart and it was there in fact, that he died.

avid Lorimer and I organised to have Manec, Bart’s wife with us, together with Albi, Agen and Toulouse. this trip as part of the London which especially for David and myself The citadel has been beautifully DGroup activities and although bridged the connection with Bart, the maintained and restored and to have inspiration for this trip. we hoped for a group of 15 people lunch in a medieval square on a and expected 12 to come, we had We arrived in Carcassonne in beautiful sunny Autumn afternoon, drinking the 20 signed up, of whom two could Autumn sunshine. Those on the earlier local wine with the group, was a unfortunately not come. We went flight went to see the Carcassonne total delight! Unfortunately we had from Friday to Tuesday and stayed citadel, a jewel in the landscape. There not enough time to explore it to our in a charming hotel in the medieval we had our first taste of the atmosphere town of Alet les Bains, on the banks of the Cathar region. satisfaction, and I think many of us of the river . The trip was a The Chateau de Carcassonne is a made a mental note to return there combination of visits, talks and good fortified medieval citadel and is said another time and give it the attention food and varying ratios. David gave it deserves. the talks, which was very apt, as to have its origins in the 1st C BC. It In mid afternoon we joined the he is very interested in the Cathars has grown over the centuries and took and belongs to a parallel movement, the present shape between 500 and people who arrived on the later derived from the Bulgarian Bogomils 700 CE. It became a Cathar diocese in flight and drove to our hotel in and who follow the teachings of Peter the 12th C, presided over by Nicetas, Alet les Bains, a special structure Deunov. We were particularly fortunate a Bogomil Bishop (of Constantinople) which had in its grounds, the ruins of the

Queribus - photo taken by Martin Redfern

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View from Montsegur - photo taken by Martin Redfern

Abbey which can be traced back to the in the fog, which was a shame, but influenced by the struggle of Light 8th Century. which also gave it a very particular and and Darkness originally to be found in In the evening we had our first striking atmosphere. This castle was Mithraism. claimed to carry talk, ‘The Cathars, Heresy and the one of five strategically located on the authentic message, that Christ is Albigensian Crusade’ in which we the original French/Spanish border. It not an atoning or redemptive sacrifice, heard about the history of the Cathars. was built by the kings of Aragon and but an exemplar of enlightenment, Catharism was a Christian religious sect became a Cathar stronghold during the which was incompatible with Christian with dualistic and Gnostic elements Albigensian Crusade. By the time we orthodoxy, hence it became heretical. that appeared in the region got to Queribus the weather became On the second day we went to Rennes of France in the XI c and flourished kinder and offered us wonderful long le Chateau where we visited the chapel throughout the XII and XIII c before distance views. Queribus was also dedicated to Mary Magdalene with our it was annihilated. Catharism, like one of those 5 castles on the ancient the Paulician movement in Armenia border and is sometimes regarded special guest guide Henry Lincoln and the Bogomils in Bulgaria, was as the very last stronghold where (co-author of Holy Blood, Holy Grail). influenced by dualist and Manichean the Cathars gathered after the fall Henry pointed out some fascinating beliefs which understood the world of Montsegur. It is a truly stunning aspects of the coded elements within as a struggle between the forces of structure and I personally experienced the chapel and also talked about his good and evil. The Cathars believed it as a very special place, awesome in pioneering work on the harmonious the World to have been created by its location, with something indefinable landscape and pentagram formed by the Demiurge or Devil, communicating and special about it! Some of us the nearby churches. Henry reminded the idea that matter is evil. Later made a further visit to Puilaurens us that often we look but do not see, we learned that the Cathars had a Castle, yet another frontier stronghold yet seeing, really seeing – which is different understanding of the Christian with a large enclosed courtyard. We looking behind symbolism - is at the message from that of the Church had dinner in a quite spectacular core of a spiritual life! for which they were condemned as location, a renovated 16th C castle, On that day we also visited heretics as early as 1179. They were where good food, wine, laughter and Montsegur, which from 1232 violently persecuted by the Albigensian conversation flowed. became the headquarters of the Crusade until their total destruction The next lecture was about ‘The Cathar movement. There, in 1244 in 1330. The cruel persecution of Theology of the Cathars’ in which some 225 Parfaits (members, male the Cathars marks the start of the David explained the emergence of Inquisition in 1233. Cathar beliefs, which as mentioned or female, who had undergone the On our first full day we visited the previously, were rooted in Gnosticism ‘consolamentum’ or spiritual baptism) chateaux of Peyrepertuse and Queribus, (described by St. Clement of chose to be burned alive rather than with an outstanding gourmet lunch in Alexandria as ‘knowledge of who we renounce their faith, marched down the between. Both castles were perched were, and what we have become, mountain towards the pyres singing all on top of rocky hills and the walk up where we were and into what we have the way. A small monument marks the was at times quite challenging. In been thrown, whither we hasten and place and meaningfully, it was covered Peyrepertuse we were moving around from what we are redeemed’) and with rose petals.

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Montsegur was very special for Bart the few torches were turned off. This up to the castles and walking around reports and was also the place he visited enabled us to have a particularly intense the ruins, we disconnected from the the day before he died. For this meditative experience. We had lunch at concerns of our personal life and reason it had particular significance Christian’s Centre, where he prepared connected with other times and other for us. Manec, David and I spent for us a simple but very tasty meal preoccupations. The Autumn colours some time together in silent reflection and entertained us by playing authentic made for a most stunning backdrop, and contemplation. ancient instruments and singing songs as everywhere we drove or walked, That day we heard about ‘The in the local Occitan language. In the we were surrounded by this beauty. Spiritual Heritage of the Cathars’. The afternoon we saw the cave of Bethlehem, We were a diverse but cohesive group core message was that the mission a seat of initiation for the Cathars. From and together went up to the tops of of Christ, rather than redemptive, is Tarascon we went to visit a castle mountains - experiencing the Cathars’ actually being a teacher or messenger, owned by the daughter of one of our reach for the Unknowable - and down to remind us of our divine origin. group, Christopher Todhunter in Quille. into the bowels of the Earth - following The Cathars understood the story of An original Cathar castle bought as a their call for inner prayer. The Cathars Christ in a symbolic way and therefore ruin had been restored and became a were good people who had their own seeing Christ as a real man who died wonderful home in a very beautiful and strong beliefs and did not threatened on the cross was for them idolatrous. remote part of the French countryside. anyone, yet feeling threatened itself, Christ, they would say, represents a From there we went for a late but fun the Church reacted with abominable divine state of being to which we dinner in Quillan. cruelty, masked by pious explanations. all have access. Miracles, including The lecture on ‘Cathars and Initiation’ With curiosity to learn and an open the Eucharist, were also regarded as had to take place the following day, heart to experience, we made contact symbolic. It explained the mysticism of just before we left for the airport. David with the memory of people whose the Cathars, as it stood in opposition to explained the various rituals and the strong faith enabled them to face, the exoteric teachings of the Church. remarkable correspondence between rather than avoid persecution and On the last day we went to see the Cathar rituals and ceremonies with torture. We came away enriched! caves at Tarascon, guided by Christian those of the Early Church. He ended For me it was also the completion Koenig, who has devoted his life to by giving an overview and pointing of a plan which Bart and I left on the the knowledge of the Cathars and out that for this tradition, Christianity drawing board all those years back. It Catharism, He explained that the region is a life to be lived, and not a dogma was a wonderful experience which left is full of caves which were used by to be believed. For the Cathars, The me with a taste for the next one which Cathars fleeing persecution. We visited Kingdom is a spiritual, inner domain is slowly taking shape. two where we sat for some time in and Love is the spiritual essence of silent meditation, and from which we the universe. Claudia Nielsen is a Vice-President were brought back by the sound of a It was a wonderful trip in which of the Network. David Lorimer may be very gentle and moving Bulgarian song. we had the opportunity to allow our arranging another trip for October 2010, One of the caves went round the corner imagination to fly. Whether walking so do please email if you would deep into the mountain, where we around the beautifully maintained like to be kept informed – could experience total darkness, once medieval Alet le Bains, or climbing [email protected]

Cave entrance near Tarascon - photo taken by Martin Redfern

www.scimednet.org 28 Network Review Spring 2009 Frenchman’s Cove – Death and Beyond reports Diana Clift

If I had to describe Jamaica with a single adjective it would be ‘exuberant’. Both the natural and human worlds team with life, energy, colour and noise.

renchman’s Cove is close Our speakers David Lorimer, Peter view. He also chaired a discussion to Port Antonio on the North Fenwick and David Fontana put together on reincarnation. Kate Hopkinson Fcoast, the lushest part of the a superb programme for the morning described her experiential workshops island and the grounds contain the sessions. Starting with current theories for health care professionals in which flora of the native rain forest, giant of consciousness, we moved on to she requires them to confront their trees smothered in creepers, some of out of body experiences, near death own mortality by imagining that they them trailing like the sort Tarzan uses to swing through the jungle, while experiences, end of life experiences, have only a few months to live. Rune others are recognisably the giant wild apparent after death communications Amundsen from Norway gave us a ancestors of our humble European and evidence suggestive of personal account of his struggles house plants. There are brilliant reincarnation. All these experiences with the Norwegian authorities who colours from the flame trees, exotic showed the total inadequacy of our found his psychotherapy practice too flowers and humming birds and a theories of mind as currently published unconventional (using as it did aspects cacophony of sound from the birds by in the medical literature. of transpersonal psychology) and how day and crickets and frogs by night. The mornings were followed by he had been influenced by significant Sometimes the noise of living things is lunch on the beach and/or local dreams. He has now embarked on a drowned out by the din of the frequent outings. Then we reconvened at 5pm new career in politics. Palaeontologist brief bursts of tropical rainfall, and always there is the roar of the sea in for contributions from participants. Martin Lockley talked on the biological the background. When we arrived the I gave a talk entitled the Afterlife embedding of consciousness, and also sea was so rough that spray slammed of Brian describing a curious trance gave a talk on dinosaurs to local school into the windows and even the roof of phenomenon I have encountered children. John Karter gave us a short my house which was on a cliff top at while applying hypnotherapy to a talk about two significant poems. least 15 metres high. friend. The apparent personality of For most of us, the high spot It was against this dramatic backdrop her late father has spoken through of the week was the talk given by that a small group of us, 20 in all, her on many occasions. Philosopher Elleke van Kraalingen whose fiancé gathered for a week to consider Death David Lawton described his theory of Hermod Sverre was killed in front of and Beyond, the ultimate question of Transcendent vitalism to explain near her by a car in Jamaica a few days after the nature of consciousness and of death experiences as the ‘ending of the Frenchman’s Cove conference ten human destiny. the phenomenal world’, a controversial years ago. It is only the third time she has told her extraordinary story: the first was a year after the event back at Frenchman’s Cove and the second, a year or so after that at the Guildford Group of the SMN. With simplicity and transparent honesty she told us of the communications she has had from Hermod, starting from the moment of his death and continuing to this day. He has taken her out of her body to different realms of reality. (Elleke wrote a book about these early experiences which was published in Dutch soon after the events). It was an incredibly moving love story and we were all transfixed. But this time the story has a happy ending, for Elleke has found love again and she is now happily married to Pieter with whom she has a daughter. She believes this

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child to be in part a reincarnational rather rickety building clinging to the the week, including poems, sketches aspect of Hermod. It is impossible cliff face. We visited old favourites and songs, and some very funny to convey the impact of Elleke’s story too such as Ana Bananas and Survival parodies. The high spot was Martin and we hope one of the outcomes of Beach on the sea shore and Woody’s, Lockley, Rune Amundsen and David the conference will be publication of a friendly burger bar walking distance Lawton performing a hilarious version the whole story in English. from Frenchman’s Cove. We had of the Beatles classic, Let it be, with At the beginning of the week I outings to local waterfalls swollen by the chorus beginning ‘Let it be, OBE, warned all the participants that this the rains, rafting on the Rio Grande, NDE, ELE’. was an event, not a conventional a guided nature walk, and frequent The help and support we had from conference. A stay in such a beautiful visits to Roc Bottom, the wood carver Frenchman’s Cove was quite amazing. place with interesting people creates in the market. Sunday morning at one Claude de Gagné, the international all manner of cross connections and of the many local churches was a high marketing manager from Ottawa, a great deal will arise from it. An spot, a great outpouring of spiritual attended the conference with his important aspect of the event is our and emotional energy through music wife, Laura, a hospital nurse who had involvement with the local community. and dancing. plenty of experience of the phenomena Louise Innes, our energetic organiser, Another essential component of the we discussed. And after the event is a huge enthusiast for the area Frenchman’s Cove experience were the Grainger himself (who is in his 80s and very popular, many of the locals parties at Villa 2. The evenings were and quite frail) arrived with several of remembered her from our last event wonderfully warm and filled with the his office staff from Texas and also there eight years ago. She encouraged lights of Tinkerbell-like fireflies. Rune his son, Galvin, from London. They us to bring books for the library and and I had both brought our guitars. discussed with David Lorimer and she got us out and about as much We had plenty of rum and Red Stripe others in the group how Frenchman’s as possible to ensure we contributed beer, excellent conversation and music. to the local economy. It was very One evening Martin Redfern gave a Cove Resort might be used for wider noticeable that tourism from the USA presentation, illustrated with fantastic benefit. One possibility is to extend the has all but dried up because of the photos, of his trip last year to Antarctica Learning for Life programme to local economic crisis and it was sad to see which he made as part of his work schools and David visited a school many local attractions now closed. with the BBC. He worked very hard and spoke to teachers and pupils with The upmarket restaurant at the at the conference recording all the this in mind. We certainly feel we owe famous beauty spot the Blue Lagoon proceedings and taking countless it to Grainger, Claude and the Weston (which featured in the Tom Cruise photos. He also interviewed the main Foundation, all of whom provided us film Cocktail) is now a ruin - buildings speakers and extracts were actually with enormous practical and financial decay rapidly in that climate – and the broadcast on a mainstream BBC Radio support, to do our utmost to extend hotel at Dragon Bay where we danced Science programme, Leading Edge, a the conference programme. We felt to reggae bands on the beach is also remarkable achievement, even if the enormously welcome everywhere we shut. But there were new places too. more challenging material was left out! went and entirely secure. We loved the restaurant on the beach On the last night of the conference at the new Errol Flynn Marina in Port we had a wonderful entertainment Diana Clift is a Vice-President of the Antonio and Dickie’s Best Kept Secret provided by ourselves. Most of the Network. MP3s from this conference are served authentic Jamaican fare in a group prepared pieces throughout downloadable from the Network site.

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