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Smart Textiles and Nanotechnology (January 2015)

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Smart Textiles and Nanotechnology (January 2015) the news service for textile futures Smart Materials In this issue SMART MATERIALS Architected Lattice—the new wonder material 1 WEARABLE TECHNOLOGY New device for treating psoriasis 3 Sensors provide biometric identity 4 Enter The Dash 6 Textile sensors for comfortable spinal braces 7 Architected Lattice—the Three-dimensional printed arrays bound for space 7 new wonder material University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) and Architected Materials are working to exploit an extraordinary new energy- absorbing material. Among other uses, it could replace the foam padding in sports helmets and at the same time detect and transmit valuable data about the impact of a head injury. Industry 4.0 at BMW 10 They have received a US$500 000 research grant and are eligible to receive up to Two-year battery life with Assure 12 $8.5 million in additional funding as one of the winners of the Head Health Challenge II . This open innovation competition is being run by sports performance brand Under NANOFIBRES Armour, working with the US National Football League (NFL) and General Electric to Nanocellulose products partnership 3 accelerate the development of new products Muscle monitoring in space at Ohmatex 4 for brain injury prevention, as part of a $40- million programme launched in March 2013. LIGHT-EMITTING DIODE TECHNOLOGY “Each of these seven winners will help Energizing the intensive care room 6 advance the science towards our shared goal SMART FABRICS of making sports safer,” says NFL Protection for solar panels 8 Commissioner Roger Goodell. “New materials, equipment designs and technology RECYCLING breakthroughs will better protect athletes, Potential with liquid lay-down 8 no matter what sport they play.” Of the 1.7 million traumatic brain injuries NANOTECHNOLOGY in the United States each year, more than FX improves FibeRio reach 9 750 000 are considered ‘mild’, and over Graphene for composites 9 173 000 are related to recreational and EVENTS sports activity. In the last decade, emergency Diary of Events 11 department visits for mild traumatic brain January 2015 http://www.technical-textiles.net ISSN 1752-2668 ©2015 International Newsletters Ltd January 2015 http:// www.technical-textiles.net injury (mTBI) among highly vulnerable populations – such as children and developing youth – have increased by more than 60%. “These microlattices are behaviourally Lightest material similar to elastomers and almost Architected Materials of Ventura, California, was founded to develop completely recover their shape after the Architected Lattice material invented at the HRL Laboratories in significant compression. This gives Malibu, California, which carries out research for Boeing and General Motors (GM). them a significant advantage over At the end of 2011, researchers at HRL, working with colleagues current aerogels, which are brittle, at UCLA, announced the creation of the world’s lightest material glass-like substances.” with a density of 0.9 mg.cc –1 —approximately one hundred times lighter than polystyrene foam. UCLA says that this new material redefines the limits of be used to fabricate the template. Using the process, ultraviolet lightweight materials because of its unique ‘microlattice’ cellular (UV) radiation is passed through a perforated mask into a reservoir architecture. Using a new fabrication process developed by HRL of UV-curable resin. Fibre-optic-like ‘self-trapping’ of the light scientist Dr Alan Jacobsen, the team was able to make a material occurrs as the resin cures under each hole in the mask, forming a that consists of 99.99% open volume by designing the 0.01% solid at thin polymer fibre along the path of the light. By using multiple light the nanometre, micron and millimetre scales. beams, multiple fibres can then interconnect to form a lattice. “The trick is to fabricate a lattice of interconnected hollow tubes The process is similar to photolithography in that it uses a two- with a wall thickness of 100 nm” explains Jacobsen. dimensional mask to define the starting template structure, but differs in the rate of formation. Where stereolithography might take hours to Self trapping make a full structure, the self-forming waveguide process allows To produce the initial metallic microlattice, the researchers prepared templates to be formed in 10–100 seconds. In this way, the process a polymer template using a technique based on self-propagating enables large free-standing three-dimensional (3D) lattice materials to waveguide formation—though it was noted that other methods can be formed quickly and scalably. The template is then coated with a thin layer of metal by electroless nickel plating, and the template is etched away, leaving a free-standing, periodic porous metallic structure. Nickel was used as the microlattice metal in the original research. Owing to the electrodeposition process, 7% of the material consisted of dissolved phosphorus atoms, and it contained no precipitates. Metallic microlattices are characterized by very low densities, with the 2011 record of 0.9 mg.cm –3 being among the lowest values of any known solid. The previous record of 1.0 mg.cm –3 was held by silica aerogels, and aerographite has a density of 0.2 mg.cm –3 . Mechanically, these microlattices are behaviourally similar to elastomers and almost completely recover their shape after significant compression. This gives them a significant advantage over current aerogels, which are brittle, glass-like substances. This elastomeric property in metallic microlattices results in very efficient shock absorption. Data The chief uses for this material are envisaged in battery electrodes and catalyst supports, as well as for acoustic, vibration or shock energy damping. “Modern buildings, exemplified by the Eiffel Tower or the Golden Gate Bridge are incredibly light and weight-efficient by virtue of their architectures,” says Jacobsen. “We are revolutionizing lightweight materials by bringing this concept to the materials level and designing their architectures at the nano and micro scales. One of the key innovations with our architected lattice technology is that it can be manufactured quickly and cost-effectively, which differentiates Architected lattice uniform pattern as seen through a our technology from traditional 3D printing techniques.” scanning electron microscope (1) and cell unit detail (2). In preliminary tests, the material has outperformed commonly The material can be grown specifically for small or large used vinyl nitrile for reducing transmitted peak force—a key metric applications (3). for helmet pads. A lightweight and rigid sandwich structure (4) and Architected Lattice can also be enhanced with a strain-sensing multi-layered lattice (5). A hierarchical structure (6) and ‘smart lattice’ to detect and transmit data about the impact of a curved structure (7). Football helmet padding for Impact collision. This data could help engineers and product designers make protection using the material (8). further improvements in helmet design and performance. 2 ©2015 International Newsletters Ltd January 2015 http://www.technical-textiles.net The other winners of the Head Health Challenge II were: • the US Army Research Laboratory (ARL), based in Adelphi, Maryland, which has developed a rate-dependent strapping material which it is proposing will be used to couple a helmet to the torso; • Viconic Sporting of Dearborn, Michigan, which is developing resilient plastic pads based on its automotive crash helmet material to go underneath the artificial turf on a pitch; • researchers at Emory University and Georgia Intsitute of Technology have developed a portable device called iDetect which measures changes in the brain affecting memory, reaction time and balance after a head injury; • a team from the University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and Neuro Kinetics who are developing portable 3D virtual reality goggles. These employ fast miniature cameras to look for changes in eye movement and abnormal responses associated with concussions; (PASI), which measures the severity of psoriasis plaques (thickness, • University of New Hampshire researcher Erik Swartz, who is redness and scaling). No negative side-effects of the blue LED light placing pill-sized accelerometers, gyroscopes and other head treatment were observed. sensors behind the ears of players to measure the effectiveness BlueControl has been developed to be easily integrated into a of Helmetless Tackling Training (HUTT)—a training technique patient’s daily routine and reduces the need for visits to the doctor. he developed to teach players to “keep their heads out of Worn simply by adjusting a strap on affected arms, legs, elbows and the game”; knees, the ultraviolet (UV) radiation-free blue LED light therapy is • University of Washington and its commercial partner Vicis who enabled by 40 high-intensity blue LEDs with tailored light settings. have developed an as-yet unexplained material designed to Designed with the patient in mind, the battery-driven device can be mitigate the forces likely to cause concussion. used anytime and anywhere. Contact: Bill Kisliuk, University of California, Los Angeles. ‘‘Research proves that blue LED light treatment slows down rapid Tel: +1 (310) 206-0540. cell division and can also reduce inflammation,” says Matthias Born, [email protected]; http://www.ucla.edu; or: Head of Clinical Affairs at Philips Light and Health. “This research Alan Jacobsen, Architected Materials. has enabled us to develop,
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