CONSERVATION AND AMENITY ADVISORY SERVICE The National Institute for Physical Planning and Construction Research 1

A REPORT ON AREAS OF SCIENTIFIC INTEREST IN Q-QUNTY WATERFORD

R. Young An Foras Forbartha June, 1972

s aot.hai' yalf,. l')

St. Martin's House Waterloo Road 1 Dublin 4 1

An Foras

Forbartha CONSERVATION AND AMENITY Teoranta ADVISORY SERVICE The National Institute for Physical Planning and Construction Research

A REPORT ON AREAS OF SCIENTIFIC INTEREST Ilv CUUT':Y WATERFORD

R. Young An Foras Forbartha June, 1972

Teach Mhairtin Bothar Waterloo Ath Cliath 4 Telefon 64211 St. Martin's House Waterloo Road Dublin 4 1

This Report is based on information in the files ofthe Conservation and Amenity Section, An Foras Forbartha; on published literature and on observations made in the field during the periodMarch -- May 1972.It is a provisional document, subject to further research.

i Dr. A. Flegg, Geological Survey of Ireland, supplied details of geological sites included in this report and his help isgratefully acknowledged.

Maps 1 - 31 are reproduced from the Ordnance Surveyby permission of the Government (Licence Number 121/72)

t 1 CONTENTS

PAGE t SECTION A. Preface 1 B. Vulnerability of areas of scientific interest 3

C.Introduction to the areas of scientific interest 5 inCo. Waterford

D.Explanation of the criteria used in rating areas 7 andin deciding upon their priority

E. Table summarising details of the areas of 9 scientific interest in Co. Waterford

F. Detailed reports and maps of each of the areas 14 ofscientific interest: 1 umshingaun corrie and lake I-Coast from Tramore to Stradbally

Quarry near Dunhillne-C . 19 /Dungarvan Harbour 21 I /'Tramore 23 /Woodlands in the Nire Valley 26 - Kilsheelan Lake 31 Danes Island 32 1%rdmore lead urine (r, 33 /Bunmahon sand dunes 34 ,Woods at Portlaw 36 ,-,Woods near Lismore 39 Fennor bog 41 lIslandtarnsey fen 43 Belle Lake 46 / Carrickavantry reservoir /Cliffson Helvick Head Cliffsat Dunmore East 51 'Sgilloge Loughs 52 `/Coolfin marshes 53 Newtown Cove 54 . Ballyeelinan 56 SECTION PAGE

,/Ballymacart r'-n01111ft- U00A 57 ,,Woods near Strabally 58 /Woods north of Youghal >dt c (Anf,;,.CC._ 0

/Woods near Glenpatrick Bridge o rt a.62 ,ZRiver valley north of Annestown 64 iCastlecraddock bog 65 /Li s s aviron bog 66 Kilbarry bog 67 Ballinlough 68

G. Table summarising the priority of the areas of 70 scientific interest and the recommendations for their protection

APPENDIX I Geological excursion guide to the coastal area 73 of Co. Waterford, Tr.arnort to Stradba11y

APPENDIX II Figs 1 - 28. Maps showing the distributionin 84 Ireland and Britain of the rarer plants referred to in Section F 1 SECTION A

PREFACE

In the present day, Ireland can still justifiably be calledThe Green Isle' . In comparison with most countries in the western world, avery high percentage of the country is still 'natural', unspoilt countryside, untouched byindustry, urbanization and often, even by modern farming techniques.

It is unrealistic to think that this situation will continueindefinitely.If the national economy is to improve, many areas of our countrysidemust be taken over by industrial and urban development and traditional farmingmethods must be 'modernised'.These trends have already become manifest and can be expected to continue over the coming years.

Fortunately, it is now realised that unspoilt countryside is itselfa valuable asset to the community.It is generally appreciated that in the peace and quiet and scenic beauty of such countryside, many people findrelaxation and recreation - this is surely the basis of the Irishtourist industry.In addition to such amenity values however, many parts of the countrysideare of scientific importance, either because of their research potential or their educationalvalue.

The essence of conservation is planning, in which these intrinsicvalues of the countryside are weighed against the needs of agricultural improvement and industrial and urba-, expansion.Its aims are, firstly to ensure that as far as possible the areas of countryside that will be 'lost' todevelopment are those of least value from the points of view of amenityand scientific interest, and secondly, to ensure that development does not pollute or inany way clash with the intrinsic values of the surrounding countryside beyond a degreethat is absolutely essential.Thus development can proceed without unnecessary impoverishment of our rich heritage of beautiful and scientifically important areas.

The responsibility. for conservation in Ireland lies largely with theCounty Councils in the preparation and implementation of County Development Mans

1. However, if County DevelopmentPlans are to be based on the principlesof conservation outlined above, itis clearly essential that adequatedata on areas of scientific interestshould be supplied to the CountyCouncils because, whilst such a characteristic of an area asscenic beauty is readily apparent to the discerning eye, the scientificvalues of a site are often hidden fromall but the specialist.

It is the aim of the Conservationand Amenity Advisory Service,An Foras Forbartha, to provide this informationin a series of reports, each ofwhich will deal with the areas of scientific interestwithin a single county.

1

2. SECTION B

1

VULNERABILITY OF AREAS OF SCIENTIFIC INTEREST

Areas of scientific interest can be damaged in many ways.They can, for example, be completely and rapidly destroyed by scrub or treeclearance, by turf cutting or by arterial drainage, or they cansuffer insidiously through pollution, fertilisation, grazing or overuse for recreations.

Of these various instances the first poses the greatest threatbecause of the rapidity with which it can occur.In the absence of a fine large enough to be a sure deterrent, co-operation to maintain the county's deciduouswood- lands at all levels of landowner, forester and the generalpublic must be actively sought.It may not be sufficient merely to put a TreePreservation Order on an area which would lose its value immediatelythe trees are felled. The voluntary organisations have a role to play in thisacting as obsevc>rs throughout the county.

Turf cutting on a small, private scale presents little threatto the countries' boglands in comparison with the activities of Bord na Mona.A representative series of Irish bogs should certainly be left untouched bycommercial exploi- tation.

Drainage schemes of all kinds can have serious effects onwetland sites. Marshes, fens and bogs may dry out, lake levels mayfall and the dredging of rivers results in the steepening of their banks andan increased rate of water flow.All these changes can result in the disappearance of particular communities or species. E The effects of pollution are most often encountered in aquaticsites, which are particularly vulnerable because the incoming material cannot be localised. but is transported throughout the water body. Toxic chemicals canobviously

3. have disasterous effects on aquaticcommunities but equally serious effects 1 can be produced by sewageif sufficient quantities pass into the water. Such influx of sewage causes thenutrient levels of lakes to rise with D consequent effects on the aquaticcommunities and water quality. A sign of this rise in nutrient levels, known aseutrophication, is the production 1 of algal scums or 'blooms' on the watersurface in warm weather.

Several farming operations are potentiallydestructive, apart from straight- forward pollution by silage effluent or intensivelivestock units. Excessive fertilization produces run-off of nutrients,especially nitrates and these are particularly bad for nutrient-poor ecosystemssuch as acid lakes and bogs. Introducing such run--off into any natural communitywill change the species composition.

Grazing has a similar effect.It can select out of the vegetationthose species that are most resistant to constant cutting anc/or those that are unpalatable, and therefore not grazed, and allowthem to multiply at the expense of others. This reduces the diversity of the flora andoften also its interest.Light grazing is seldom detrimental exceptthat it prevents the natural colonisation of grassland by shrubs and trees, but asit is intensified such changes as these mentioned above occur and in extreme casesthe vegetation may not be able to persist at all.Eskers and sand dunes are particularlyvulnerable as their dry soils do notallow a fast recovery growth bygrazed. plants .

The last influence to he mentioned isrecreation, the effects of which are most obvious today on sand dune systems .Heavy recreational use of dunes results in destruction of the vegetationwhich stabilises the dunes and serious erosion can result. The destructiveeffects of flower or plant collectingshould perhaps also be mentioned. Opening upof areas with a rare noticeable plant may damage that species,but in general enough individuals escapenotice so that it persists from year to year.

11 SECTION C 1 INTRODUCTION TO AREAS OFSCIENTIFIC INTEREST IN CO.WATERFORD

A study of the first DevelopmentPlan for County Waterford,22 September, 1967, is extremely encouraging tothe conservationist.It is quite clear that the Waterford County Council iswell aware of the need to protect areasof general 1 amenity, scenic beauty andhistorical or scientific interest.Few areas of scientific interest were actuallyscheduled for protection however,because of the paucity of information onsuch areas that was then available.

This report contains detailsof thirty--one areas of scientificimportance within the county and it is hoped thatit will enable the CountyCouncil to take any action necessary to preservethe scientific interest of thesesites.Where areas are already knownto be threatened and theirpreservation is considered to be justifiable, specificrecommendations are made fortheir protection. An indication is also given as tothe degree of urgency necessaryif protective action is to be effective.As will be seen, only five areashave been assigned "A" priority and great urgencyis required if these are tobe effectively protected.

A definite statement of intentis really required withregard to areas of scientific interest.They should certainly belisted as such in the DevelopmentPlan: areas within whichthe first priority is to maintain orimprove the scientific values.Many of the disagreementsthat have arisen in the paststemmed basically from a lack of knowledge.The developer did not knowthat his chosen site had any scientificinterest and his imaginationand self-assurance did not allow any graceful retreatfrom his stand.This could be largely avoided if the areas of scientific interest werewidely publicised.Such firm action by the Council might elicit a responsefrom the public in greater awarenessof the with the environment.A developer would beinclined to work more closely planning authorities rather thanagainst them.Where permission has to be 1 refused for a certain development,it should be qualified bysuggestion of an alternative course of action. 1

5. As a first step thelandowners should, in almostall instances, be told of.the They should be advisedthat their present form of 1 importance of their land. land use is that mostsuited to the maintenance ofsuch interest if this is so; densities, etc. should be if not, recommendationsof slightly varying stocking passed on.

increases, the importance As developments occurand as scientific knowledge required to and priority of the areaswill change.Continual reassessment is monitor such changes .If a particular site loses itsvalue through pollution or become more 1 physical. disturbance, the othersof its type will immediately important in the regionalcontext.Likewise, if a new andparticularly interesting organism is found in anunlisted site, one of the existing onesmay be deleted also vary as developments after comparison.Priority for a site's protection may intensively in its vicinity are proposed orbegun.As the countryside becomes more action will probably used for agriculture, housing,industry and recreation however, condition. 1 be needed to preserveall sites in their present

1

6. SECTION D

RATING OF AREAS OF SCIENTIFICIMPORTANCE

1 This is a measure of the relative importanceof areas of scientific importance.

The importance of each area is indicatedin terms of the following categories:

International Importance

l.. Only area of its type in Europe. 2. One of the few such localities in Europe. 3. One of a natural series in Europe. 4. Recognised international importance. 5. Specialised educational importance.

National Importance

1. Only area of its type in Ireland. 1 2. One of a few such localities in Ireland. 3. One of a natural series in Ireland. 4. Recognised national importance. 5. General or specialised educational importance.

Regional Importance

1. Only area of its type in province. 2. One of a few localities in Ireland. 1 3. One of a natural series in region. 4. Fine example of its kind. 1 5. General or specialised educational importance.

Local Importance

1 1. Only area of its type in county. 2. One of a few localities in province. 3. Fine example of its kind. 4. General educational importance. 1 7.

1 IiTTEREST FRIORIT OF AREAS OF SCIENTIFIC

for protection of the areas This is a measure of therelative urgency necessary of scientific importance.

Each site is given a priorityrating of A, B or C.

The rating of any area isbased on a combinationof the following criteria:-

a) the importance of the area 1 b) the vulnerability of the area c) the nature and imminenceof any threats to the area.

f'

t

8. r rr rr r r rr r r r r rr rr M r r r it rr r r r r M AreaCoumshingaun corrie and lake Fe-JL A/ /S Grid Ref. National Pacing Prioritv A Geomorphological:Interest Geological: v S. 32, 11 thelakeProbablyZoological.flora. high is suspected cliffs Ireland's around of finest holding it have corrie. char an interesting stocks and The acidic Coast from Tramore to Stradbally 1 -S.577,006X.372 , 966 National C TakenGeological. as a whole this section is probably the Quarry near Dunhill ' S.507,007 ?ational C AbedsGeological.infinest snail Ireland. of quarrysection acid tuff,face of volcanics eachin which grading andcan fromassociatedbe seen lapilli five tuff rocks Dungarvan harbour -Z/ X. 27, 91 Naticna i A AnatducksOrnithological: the important base and tofor winteringfine waders Ecological: tuff . atarea the for top.Botanical. Brent Geese, for Tramore 3 S. 61, 01 National A theSeveralforTheEcological: Burrow.Brent back rare geese,strand Botanical:plants foris an occurducks important Ornithological. on and the for winteringsand waders dunes . area of CD rr rr rr rr r . r r rr r r rr r .r'1 r r r Arear . r e'af-C 'PO Grid Ref . NationalRating Priority A Ecological:Interest Botanical. Woodlands in the Nire Valley 2 & S .247,140 S.208,130 A series of woodlands showing various stages Kilsheelan Lake 3 S.268,231 National C inbreedingTheEcological:climax. development only lakestocks Zoological. towardsin ofthe carp. country the known to oak-dominated have . Regional C Geological. ArdmoreDanes Islandlead mine 33-2 32- X.417,977X. 199, 773 Regional C AnGeological.Bronzethe early 7th age Irish copper lead mines.mine, probably 9th century. . dating from Bunmahon sand dunes 3 X.435,987 Regional A AEcological:uncommonsand smallinteresting and area gravel Botanical. species.of flora dunes, extraction, with almost an abundance on destroyed which growof an several by J Woods at PortlawWoods near Lismore 32 36 &,S.044,008 S.R.995,003 45' 15 Regional CC AnEcological. StandsEcological.area of offine, birch mature and oak.oakwood. mm r M m m m r m m r m m m AreaFennor Bog A"/ v- S.531,015Grid Ref. RegionalRating Priority C AnEcological:Interest area with Botanical. an interesting variety of plants "M"m and 1/-3 S.553,012 Regional' C Ecological:wetland communities. Botanical. IslandtarnseyBelie Lake fen _-6 S .664 , 046 Regional C thisAnLowlandEcological: example part of lake,Ireland. of Botanical. the probably Phragmites rich, fens with peculiar a large toarea Carrickavantry reservoir ?f S . 548, 023 Regional C ThesubstantialofBotanical: rcedswamp west shore areas Ecological. at has theof an freshwatersouth extraordinary encl. inOne the of south-east. the assemblage few Cliffs on Helvick Head 'TJ X. 31, 88 Regional C theofimportantOrnithological. plants south-cast. that for are nesting rare in seabirds. County Waterford and l Sgilloge Loughs Cliffs at Dunmore East Sj S.296,114S. 69, 00 RegionalLocal BC AAOrnithological. nestingBotanical. rich bryophyte area for Kittiwakes.flora. rr tr rr r rrr rr r rr r rr r wr r r r r rr r rrArea rr r Grid Ref. RegionalRating Priority C Ornithological.Interest NewtownCoolfin marshes Cove 53 X.568,993S. 48, 14 Local C ATheBotanical.of damp winteringGreylag wooded geese area gulley ofin theMunster. in only which remaining there are flock large Ballyeelinan -G X.212 , 807 Local C AnumbersEcological:douglasii. small wooded of plants Botanical. valley of an runningalien annual, downto Limnanthc,s the sea. Ballymacart 5 L X.253 , 815 Local C AoccurringThere smallBallyeelinan.Ecological. iswooded an in old the valleyrecord valley. very of a similarvery rare to plant Woods northnear Stradballyof Youghal S's' X.35/6, 97 Around Local CC Ecological.Ecological.butMixed containing woodlands some dominated conifers .by oak and beech Woods near Glenpatrick Bridge 4 Z X. 085S .292 , 825 , 200 Local C areaEcological.verySomeTwo offew finesmall conifer conifers stands areas of mixedof deciduous deciduous in. woodlands plantations. woodland in an with M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M Area &i C .1-10 Grid Ref. Rating Priority Interest River valley north of Annestown ;1 S.500,000 . Local C ofTheEcological: plant flat communities.valley Botanical. bottom has an interesting variety LissavironCastlecraddock bog Bog C S .4015.488,010 , 022 Local CC AnEcological.VeryEcological. area noa.' of marsh, to Castlecraddock fen and swamp. bog but with Kilbarry bog S.589,103 Local B AnbecauseEcological:dig area ferent of of fen,plant its Botanical. swampproximity communities. and toopen Waterford, water which, has great Ballinlough 6% S.448,035 Local C ApotentialcertainlyinterestingEcological. very attractive as an anplant abundance area small communities for shallowteaching of animal andlake field alrnosclife. with biology. SECTION F

DETAILED REPORTS AND MAPS OF EACH OF THEAREAS OF SCIENTIFIC INTEREST

Each report is written under the following sub-headings:-

Name of Area Acreage Grid Reference Scientific Interest Rating Priority Description of Area i Evaluation Threats to the area Reconin,endations

In the descriptions the abundance of the species may beindicated according to the following scale:-

a - abundant c - common f - frequent o - occasional r - rare

1 - locally (as a prefix)

Botanical nomenclature follows that of "Flora ofthe British Isles" Clapham, Tutin and Warburg.Second Edition, 1962.

14. 1

Name of area COUMSHINGAUN CORRIE AND 'LAKE Acreage c 605 acres Grid reference S. 3 2 :11 Scientific interest Geomorphological : Geological.: Botanical : Zoological Eatin National importance 1 Priority A

Description of Area The area of interest, including the corrie itself and thecomplex; of fine moraines below it, is shown on Map I.

The back wall of the east-facing corrie is exceptionally high,1,326 feet above the level of the lake, the rock being Coumshirgaunconglomerate capped by Comeragh sandstone. The .lake is a good exa;i-,ple ofan acid high-level lake and is suspected of holding char stocks. The wholearea is of botanical interest. The cliffs surrounding the c_)rrie, particularly on the wetternorth- facing side, haverich bryophyte flora and in places are festooned with St. Patrick's cabbage (S`xifraga spathuloris) , a specios rare so fareast. (See Fig .I).The moraine complex, through which the lake drains, has an interesting acid heath flora dominaltad by fescue and bent grasses(Festuca spp. and Aurostis spp.) bilberry (tiaccinium myrti1us) heather (Caliuna vul,--laris) arid furze (Ulex europaeus). By the stream there is a richbryophyte flora .Another feature cf the :i!o1ai_le area is the abundance of largeboulders whose surfaces provide a substrate for many epilithic lichens and mosses andbeneath and between which are many damp, shady crevices in which fernsand a variety of bryophytes flourish.

Evaluation This is probably the finest corrie in Ireland, certainly thefinest in the 1 Comeraghs and, along with the moraine complex below it isan area of exceptional geanorpho'_ogical interest.The geological, botanical and

15. zoological interests of the area contribute to it being ratedas an area of undoubted national scientific importance.

The area is also very important as a tourist attractionand a teaching area.

Threats to the area It has been proposed that the corrie should be thesite of a pumped-storage, electricity generating scheme.

Recommendations Development of the corrie as a pumped-storage site should onlybe allowed if it can be shown that the corrie is farand away the best site in the region for this purpose. Other corries in the Comeraghs should bethoroughly investigated as possible alternative sites .if the corrie must be developed then very strict control must be exercised over the cieveloprnent,in order to miniInise interference with the scientific, educatioI:dl and dmienityvalues o the area.

In the event of the possible development becoming a realityit is recornmenc7.ed that a comprehensive series of conditions should be drawn up,ai.medat controlling the development within acceptable limits .Such conditions might include - no unnecessary disturbance of moraines, nooverhead pylons, invisible upper lake, hidden roads etc. The advice of theGeolcgical Survey and of the Conservation and Amenity Advisory Service,An Foras Forbartha, should be sought when drawing up these conditions .

I

16. I Name of area COAST FROM TRAIvIORE TO STRADBALLY Grid reference X 372, 966 S. 577, 006 Scientific interest Geological Ratin National importance Priority C 1,5-TZ--p s lfv ,kI Description of area The area of interest, shown on '`.Iap 2, is avery beautiful stretch of coastline, mainly of high,steep cliffs butbroken by many small, unspoilt coves and beaches.

The rocks of this coastline are volcanic andintrusive, intermingled with sedimentary deposits .The stratigraphy is not always clear butthere is an 1 abundance of geological features - tuffs, lavas,pillow lavas, intrusive pillows, ashfalls, ignimbrites, volcanic ventsand necks, a variety of dykes, etc.

Sites of particular interest occur at NewtownCove, Garrarus Strand, Knockane Strand, Stage Cove East, BunmahonHead and Bailydowane Bay. The detailed geology of these sites, withthe exception of Newto w Cove, and the general geology of the whole coastlineis described in the Excursion Guide to Coastal Area of CountyWaterford, Tramore to Strabally, prepared by Dr. Stillman, T .C .D . and Dr.Schiener, v .C .D. (See AppendixI).

Other publications dealing with the geologyof this area are

Reed. F .R .C .,1899. The. lower palaeozoic bedded rocks of Co. Waterford. Quarterly Journal of theGeological Society of London. Vol. 55, p. 718-772.

Reed. F .R .C .,1900. The igneous rocks of the coast of Co.Waterford. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Societyof London. Vol. 56, p. 637-693.

' 17. Evaluation Taken as a whole this stretch of coastlineis almost certainly the finest section of volcanic and associatedrocks in the country.It is regularly visited by University parties and is an area inwhich active geological research is being carried out.

The coastline also has great amenity value.

Threats to the area Small areas could be damaged by building etc.

Large scale interference with thescientific values of this coastline is unlikely as the County Council iswell aware of the amenity values of 1 the area and many parts of it are listed inthe County Development Plan, Sept. 22nd, 3.967, as areas to beprotected frori undesirable development.

Recommendations There should be careful control of developmentin this area, in order to preserve its great scientificinterest and amenity value.Certainly adverse development should be preventedin the areas of particular interest mentioned above.

Additionalprotection could be given to this areaby a Special Amenity Area Order under Section 42, Local Government(Planning and Development) Act, 1963. This Order could be drawn upin draft form by the Conservationand Amenity Advisory Service, An ForasForbartha .

. 18. Name of area QUARRY NEAR DUNHILL

Acreage c 1 acre Grid reference S. 507, 007 Scientific interest Geological Ra tin National importance Priority C

Description of area The area of interest, a very small disused quarry withinteresting bedded tuffs visible in the back wall, is shown on Map3.

Five beds of acid. tuff can be seen, each gradingfrom coarse lapilli tuff at the base to fine tuff at the top.There are also blocks and bombs of 1 pumice embedded in the upper parts cf the beds withimpaction structures beneath them. The texture of the tuif.s and the formof shards and pumice fragments are excellently preserved.

A detailed account of the geology of the quarry canbe found in - Stillman. C.J. Ordovician ash-fall tuffs from Co. Waterford, Scientific Proceedings of the Royal Dublin Society. A. Vol. 4. No. 7., p 89-101

Evaluation The quarry is significant in the interpretation. of the volcanics of Ireland and Britain.

Threats to the area Further quarrying would destroy the exposures but this appears tobe an 1 unlikely development.

E The main threat to the exposures is probably from geologistsas the hammering of fragments from the face would quickly destroy itsvalue.

19. 1

Recommendation Any development in thissmall area should beprevented.

A small inconspicuous noticecould be erected alongside the tuff exposures, explainingtheir significance and theneed to refrain from hammering atthe face

1

1

20. MAP SH0 11IG AREA 0ESCIEN T iF- +C IN I E EST - 3

Scale:6- Inches to 1 [ile

1

1

1

1

I

1 1 Name of area DUNGARVAN HARBOUR Acreage c 3200 acres 1 Grid reference X 27, 91 Scientific interest Ornithological : Ecological : Botanical Rating National importance Prioritv A

1 Description of area The area of interest is shown on Map 4.It includes large areas of 1 intertidal mud and sand and the Cunnigar sand spit.

The intertidal areas have little vegetation onthere except for two large beds of eel grasses (Zostera spp.), one west of theCunnigar spit and the 1 other on Whitehouse Bank. Recently however,clumps of cord-grass (Spartina townsendii) have appeared on the shoreclose to the main Dungarz-an- 1 Youghal read just south of the town. They maybe recognised as 'more or less circular patches of a very stiff grass .These areas of mud and sand are an 1 important wintering area for ducks, wadersand Brent geese, the latter feeding exclusively on the Zostera ':.eels.

The Cunnigar spit is interesting ecologicallyand botanically.It may be roughly divided into four distinct areas - shinglebank, saitmarsh, unstable nvtnra nib dunes and dune grassland. Uncomn.cn species the spit :'`icrc Juncus acutus (sharp rush) (See Fig. 2) Nlyosotis ramcsissima (early forget--me-not) (See Fig. 3)

Evaluation This is the most important area for birdlife in Co. Waterford and part of it has been listed as a potentialNational Wildfowl Refuge by the Irish Wildbird Conservancy.

The ecological and botanical interest of the areacontribute to it being rated

as an area of national importance. 21. I

1 Threats to the area Land reclamation or other developmentwithin the area would obviously be deleterious to its ornithologicalinterest.

Another serious and more imminentthreat exists however, thatof the townsendfi) .Spartina can spread very 1 spread of cord-grass S artina quickly and given suitableconditions could colonise alarge proportion of the harbour in as little asten years .Dense stands of this grass create conditions unsuitablefor bird populations andthus the spread of the grass wculd be a seriousbio:v to the ornithologicalinterest of the area . 1 The spread c; the grasswould also be deleterious to thescenic i beauty of the area, seriouslyaffecting sonic of the viewsreferred to on p.22 and p. 23of the County Devel.oprnent_ Plan,Sept. 22nd, 1967.

Rcc:ommcndations Land reclaration or otherdevelopment within the areashould be prevented .

Immediate steps should be takento erradicate Spartinain the area .A combination of digging out andtreatment with weedkillerwould probably be most effective. Detailedrecomrneridations could be made ny the Conservation and Amenity AdvisoryService, An Foras Forbartha.

The intention of the CountyCouncil to safeguard theornithological interest of the area has in fact alreadybeen stated (p. 24 of the CountyDevelopment Plan, Sept. 22nd, 1967).

22. r-1- I_li iR.e'1v! Ii': 1L 1-9 1: L)i 4

u Iric i I 11.1i 13

.'ark :L. ,.,f-,.J.;,i_ur

grr..,,..,.,ctr`_: sir, ` 5 .,;; it 1 / : e.:..,.dr_ }` c\ ,r/< 1.h.?<;' = _ . , `f ?.,n.rt &n ; :, sip f 13

.

77, 1

Name of area TRAMORE Acreage c 1675 acres Grid reference S. 61, 01 Scientific interest Ecological : Botanical :Ornithological National importance Ra -ti 29 Priority A

Description of area The area of interest is shown onMap 5.

The southern bcundar; ofthe area is formed by awell-develop=ed of high;unstable dunes onits eastern half; i spit, which has an area the Rabbit Warren Hills,and dune. grasslan:i andshingle bank vegetation, with salt marsh onits northside, nearer tothe tcwn.

North of the spit is a large areaof intertidal mud andsand. The western part of this area was at onetime reclaimed land lyingbehind an embankment but nowadaysthe embankment is brokenthrough and the sea once againfloods the land at high tides.A similar embankment protects land to the northof the area.

The spit has long been known as anarea with rareand interesting plants . t Praeger in The Botanist inIreland' listed :- Asparagus officinalis (asparagus) (See Fig. 4) Brach, acdiurn pinn_ turn (tor grass) (See Fig. 5) Cuscuta epithvrrurn (dodder) (See Fig. 6)

None of these were notedwhen the area was visited inMay 1972. The spit certainly has an interestingvariety of plant communitieshowever and, in addition, an abundanceof snails and insects.Beetles were 1

1 23. 1 particularly conspicuous, especially a species of Timarcha (bloody-nosed beetles) of which dozens of adults and very large numbersof larvae were noted.

The intertidal areas are an important wintering area for ducks,waders and brent geese, which feed on the Back Strand.

It is noticeable that there are many clumps of cord-grass(Spartina townsendii)around the margins of the Back Strand, presumably originating from the reflooded area west of the embankment which isdominated by a Spartina sward .

Evaluation The Lack Strand is a category 'A' wintering area forducks, waders and Brent geese. This, together with the great ecological and botanical interest of the area results inthis area being of nationalimportance.

Threats to the urea Land reclamation or other development in the Back Strand areawould be deleterious to the ornithological interest of the area and, asat Durigarvan, the potential spread of Spartinau:lso represents a serious and imminent threat.

Parts of the spit, particularly the Rabbit "'Narren Hills, arethreatened by erosion. This is the result of rccreational pressure inthe area, as excessive trampling leads to destruction of the vegetation along paths etc. and the blowing away of exposed sand.

Recommendations Land reclamation or other development in the Back Strand areashould be prevented .

24. Immediate steps should be taken to eliminate Sy artinafrom the Back Strand .

Immediate consideration should be given to the problem of erosionon Tramore Burrow, particularly in the Rabbit Warren Hills. The erosion of such dunes can be checked by a combination ofreplanting, brushwood fence erection and temporary exclusion of the public from small,selected areas.If nothing is done to check the erosion in itsinitial stages the problem will become worse and worse and the amenity valueof the area will decrease rapidly.

The Conservation and Amenity Advisory Service, An Foras Forbartha, could advise on the exact procedures to be adopted foreradication

of the S artina------and stabilisation of the dunes.

The intention of the County Coup: i1 to safac;uard theornithological interest of the Back Strand has already been stated (p. 24,County Development Plan, Sept. 22nd ,1967).

1

'2s. n r'f' 1 t t t-w . t , w f-, f-. ^C 5"(' ry ' P,'' F r"(1t wr[--rTas+r-1 i.! lL11P%tp sGfFFv t'``tI! 1%f `t'...t f s L.iIif It J111.1 6 rL c?.u rn t Scale:I-lL.ii LO I flu

I'1

Q.lk - ,

t i I 4.r,r,4.1

i) J x \' ( f

.fit';' ir...... )a

-74

ti

l:rnw n 7r mn ,:..r.l

1 1 Name of area WOODLANDS TN THE HIRE VALLEY Acreage c 260 acres Grid reference S. 208, 130 and S. 247, 140 Scientific interest Ecological : Botanical Ratin National importance Priority A

Description of area The areas of interest are shown on Map 6. Theyare mainly areas of deciduous woodland but some areas of roughland,with furze Ulex eu.rooacus) and birch (Betula sop.) scrub are included.

A comparison of the distribution of deciduouswoodlands shown on the Ordnance Survey 6" to 1 mile maps, Sheets 5and 6 ((Revised 1923) with the present situation shows that there havebeen m irked changes within the valley over the last 50 years. This isthe result of two factors a) There has been extensive forestry planting.Coniferous woodlands now occupy many acres that were previouslybog and heath and have also replaced the two large,formerly deciduous woodlands, Lacka Wocd and TurraphucaVr'Tood . b) Many areas that were rough heath land in 1923have since been invaded by birch and are now at various stagesof development to,.vards climax oakwood.

Another feature of the deciduous woodland areas, notobvious from the above comparison, is that some areas shown as deciduouswoodland in 1923 have since been felled but have beenreinvaded by birch and oar: and thus a seconda,y succession towards climaxoakwood is occurring . 1

9 6. The great ecological interest of these areas liarin the fact that here can be found areas of matureclimax oakwood and many stages in the succession towards such a climax, both from openheath and from felled oakwood . ,a A typical patch of mature oa}:wood, marked on Map 6, has the followingstructure :- high canopy - Quercus sip. (oak) a Betula_spp. (birch) f

low canopy Tlcx : LUifolium (holly) f Cory,-IL s av,=::11r na (hazel) r Scrbus aucupar a (rowan) r

field layer Vaccinium m

P1 lothecium undulaturi Polvtrichum forrnosum Rhvtidiadelphus loreus RhytidiadeiWhus triauetrus Silagnum p_ Thuidium tamariscinum

There was also a rich bryophyte flora on the treetrunks with the liverwort Frul.larria tamarisci and the following mosses allconspicuous

27. Dicranum sccparium Isothecium myosuroides Mrnium hornu1r1 Thuidium tamariscinurn Ulota cris,:a

In developing woodlands, in areas shown as rough land onMap 6 or in areas of secondary woodland, birch is much common anda typical canopy structure is:-

Betula spo. (birch) c Sorbus aucuoaria (rowan) f Corgis avellana (hazel) o auuifoliur,-, (holly) o Gu erc us SOT? (oak) o

There are also differences in the field layer and groundzone flora .

Along the roadside boundaries of these woodlands (and also alongthe riverbank) are conspicuous yellow green tussocks of the Irish Spurge (Eunhorbia hw'oerna), growing here at the extreme eastern limits ofits range.(See Fig. 7).

Evalua tion The great ecological interest of these areas of deciduous scruband woodland, in which stages in both. primary and secondary successions towards climax oakwcod can be seen, results in their beingof national importance.

The occurrence of Euahorhia hyberna on their margins contributes tothis high rating.'

Apart from its scientific interest the Nire Valley is anarea of great scenic beauty.which has become very popular with tourists in recentyears.

28. The deciduous woodlands of the valley are an important featureof the scenery, providing as they do subtic variations of colour and'texture' within their boundaries and also contrast with surrounding farmland and coniferous plantations .In short, they provide variety in the scenery.

Threats to the area The most common threat to deciduous woodlands is clearance. Here in the Nire Valley clearance of deciduous woodland or scrubmight be carried out for either of two reasons :-

a) In order to provide additional farmland. This is being done in the area markedlrion Map 6, where scrub is being bulldozed away.

b) In order to provide a_'.':i :oral space for forestry plantations. Another threat from forestry could be underplanting of

deciduous woodle:inds with conifer s. 1 Further development of forestry within this valley must also bea matter of concern from the amenity and tourism It imrnedi.ately be said that hitherto the conifer planting has not beenon the basis of 'block rnonocu.lture' and the mixing together of larch and evergreen conifers and the preservation of small patches of deciduous treeshas produced % ocdlands that are scenically attractive when viawed elsewhere in the valley. The main threat of forestry tothe amenity value of the valley would seem to be that, whereplanting occurs along the roadsides, the developing trees might cut off pleasant viewsof the distant countryside. This threat is already evident in some partsof the valley.

Recommendations In view of the great arner:ity value of this valleyit is recommended that the

29. whole Nire catchment be declaredan Area of Special Amenity, under Section 42, Local Government (Planning and Development)Act, 1963. Such an order however v,ould ,L-_!eno effect in controlling forestry planting or scrub or woodland clearance for agriculturalpurposes, the two most likely causes of change within the valley.(See Section 4, Subsection (1) (a)Local Government (Planning and Development) Act, 1963.

It is therefore also recommended that:- (a) The cooperation of the Departiiient of Lands, Forestry Division, should be sought in maintaining thescenic beauty 1 of this valley. (b) The deciduous woodlands, important from both theamenity 1 and scientific viewpcints, should be protected bya Tree Preservation Order under Section =5, Local Government (Planning

and Development) Act, 1 963.

Both the Special Amenity Area Order and the Tree PreservationOrder could be drawn up in draft f.crni by the Conservationand Amenity

Advisory Service, An Foras Forbartha.

30. Name of area KILSHEEI.AN LAKE Acreage c 13 acres Grid reference S. 268, Scientific interest Ecological : Zoological Rating National Importance Priority C

Description of area The area of interest, a smallLake surrounded bya fringe of trees, is shown on Map 7.

The lake is er interest ecau it is the only lake in the ccuntly;1.101Vn to Hold ;:>reeaing s_cc::s Of is indicatiV;C ofex.:eptlonally high summer tern and is pro,-..;'':also refie.cted in its ir.vei- trbi'a.-Le

Botanically, the lake appears viich little emergent or 1 floating vegetation. The natureand extent of any submergedvegetation could not be assessed however, owingto the extremely muddy water.

Several waterside birds were seen onarrival and the area may have some ornithological interest.Three three waterhens and a pair of coot 1

v Iuation 1 The lake is of national importancepurely because it is the onlylake in the country known to hold breedingstocks Of carp.

Threats to the area

None known o

Recommendations

t Any development affecting the lakeshould be prevented. 31. I'3 e..Eli S T SCIEi'1 1F C 7 t i G AREA UI 1 5- Inches to1 Mile

1 t

44 4y .a 1 °a i suf. ' y' i , '-tea

°

a .1T '

4

a t-I='c=-_ :a _ - as

faf > > J yLi : '",'...: T /r`1 -\ > f / __ y " Z -- _ . lei i -/ -` . e , yf a -2-L=--rr , a a o tat a .

a .a .aa'.i" 1ti a 4-` t>, .:'.: + y

v,.a. -a 4 >t':v. a:'. :r 1 -..p' "'- a /-. _l _s:as.,y <. :-:.' i., s > { .Ps_'.15 i s\....4 _ -a ' a.1 _j .4 C S i!t/'! : 3 y _. Y'a-a.a .fit....i.i -+. aa+ ` 'ri ,'a ., _a ,o 'a. a _ r .. +fY r Y a _a a - YJt' i;'ls a y a 4'..i a a. i sy ,l. Jam- = L-_ a: 'ys i J a> s art '-t % y s' a .: a a -aI- . t/ a 4%] L> t o a a a a.. .a Y - G i G0° it-mss aa> aa-i` t.,+ o a a.a, + 4-yt °-°- 'a 3 - .,ciy, , f .. a,_, ..' 7t s. .ia Y :. a .a CRY .r +/ ^: ' ,+ _ ., - ts.i a.: .. a. +1 T '-.. C: ; '-.. a a,i' a. a .'..f to a'j a. '.t ii1

1 1 Name of area DANES ISLAND Acreage c 5 acres Grid reference X. 417, 977 Scientific interest Geological Rating Regional importance Priorit C

Description of area .The area of interest is shown on Map B.

In the rock of the mainland cliffsand of Danes Island itself are a number (c 12) of bronze age copper mines.Typically, these consist of 1 short horizontal tunnels or addits.

The isthmus connecting Danes Island tothe mainland has eroded to a sharp edge and it is difficult to descend to someof the mines .

Evaluation

The concentrationr- of these mines11,74thin the area. resalts ire this site being of regional importance.

Threats to tine area None known of.

111--commendation Development in this area should beprevented.

32. 1 1 IVIAP I,C Ri TE EST - 8

Scale:6 Inches to 1N1510 y

' F' f r d y 1.193 -Ty ;193 .1 f262

r I

7^';:x:71: 1

' w15t.1::.'i' llt' a' v Name of area ARDMORE LEAD MINE Acreage c i. acre Grid reference X. 199, 773 Scientific interest Geological Ratin Regional importance Priority C

Description of area Within the area outlined on Map9 is a single addit withit`s opening on the cliff-face .

The addit, three or four feetin diameter, is at first straightrunning 10 or " 5 metres or so in aneasterly direction, before bendingto the right. it was not sxplored .

Evaluation The mine represents an earlyattempt at mining; lead inIreland, probably dating from the 7th, 8th cr 9thcentury, and is of regionalimportance.

Threats to the area None known of.

Recommendation Development in this area shouldbe prevented .

1

33.

1 c-, CryI - C_3COC!3 C..3!tcLWJ H° cm cccm L,1_r1F--c ::` "' C/D CJ cm Name of area BUNMAHON SAND DUNES Acreage c 30 acres Grid reference X. 435, 987 Scientific interest Ecological : Botanical Rating Regional importance Priority A

Description of area The area of interest is shown onMap 10.

The sand dunes have beenremoved from most of this areaby commercial sand a rd gravel extract ion.Some dunes still remainalong the southern boundary of the area however,though a part of these hasbeen 'scalped' by bulldozing away thesurface soil and vege'.ation to exposethe dark sand beneath .

When the area was visited inMay 1972 there was no evidenceof recent work having been done and it. mayell be that the extractionof sand and gravel has ceased.It does appear however thatthere has been some recent dumeing ofbuilders rubble by the track leading fromthe read into the work i.ng area. f Both the dunes and the old 'worked-cut_' areasare of ecological and eotanicn l interest.Rare or uncommon speciesnoted in the latter areas were;-,ami.um ;.arni.umamplexicaule (hen hit) (See Fig. 8 ) Lj.p .nus arhoreus (tree lupin) (See Fig. 9) Icium sn. (Duke of Argyll's (See Fig. 10) tea plant) Trifolium meciium (zig Z,--g Clover) (See Fig. 11)

34. The dunes hold an interesting collection of notparticularly rare large numbers of 1 but nonetheless uncommon species; including very Autumn lady's tresses (Sip nthes soiralis)(See Fig. 12).

Evaluation The area is of regional scientific importancebecause of the interesting collection of plants growing in it and the varietyof ecological conditions produced by the sand and gravel extraction. r Threats to the area Further sand and gravel extraction would soondestroy the remaining dunes and seriously lower the scientificvalue of file area. lumping of refuse in the area also constitutes athreat.

i?ecomriiendations Further extraction of sand and gravel fromthe area should be prevented .

Dumping within the area should be prevented.

From the purely scientific viewpoint the areaviculd be of greatest interest if it were left untouched after cessationof sand and. gravel extraction, hence presei-i.ng the wide range cfhabitats existing at present. However, 1 it is appreciated that the old 'worked-out' areasare scenically unattractive and that the needs of amenity might requirethat they be landscaped.If this is done, it is recommended that thesmall part of this area north of the T 63 road be preserved in its presentcondition. 1

35.

1 MAP I- "EST-10

Scale:C- Inches. to 1 Ell11G 0 f zt:

J 1

\;'' . :..: a '. 1 a.... - j ? ) 4 `' '1"11 XY t -_ %/ . ....i'. rrr1tl it r -a'_ er -l~y .. \ .' y-` I 7 y ,3. '.u E SZU 1kf tCl11 /JlC '

?JtIQf 'Ya 1 1nl -. t10II

3 .t 1 -: ,- ,ell r: R I Vii: T` . Name of area WOODS AT PORTLAW Acreage c 375 acres Grid reference S. 45, 15 Scientific interest Ecological Ra tin Regional importance Priority C t Description of area The area of interest is shown on Map 11 .

Most of this area is fire, mature oak woodland.One area examined, probably fairly typical, had thefollowing structure.

high canopy Quorcus sf p. (oak) C

low canopy Ilex acUifolium (holly) c Rhododendron ponticum (rhododendren) lc Quercus spp. (oak) f Abies sp. (fir) o Fagus sylvatica (beech) o Sorbus aucuparia (rowan) o

(great_ c IICrLS Luzu a sy!vatica % oo ru'hl Vaccinium myrtilus (bilberry) c Lonicera periclymenum (honeysuckle) f Blechnum spirant (hard fern) o Calluna vulgaris (heather) o Hedera helix (ivy) o Oxalis acetosella (wood sorrel) o Ptcridium aquilinum (bracken) o Rubus fruticosus (bramble) o

36. f

There was also an abundanceof bryophytes on theground and the lower trunks of the trees.

An interesting feature ofthis area of woodland wasthe fact that the oak appears to be regeneratingfreely - seedlings, saplingsand regenerating stumps wereall frequently noted. This maybe indicative of a low grazing pressure, apossibility also indicatedby the lush growth of the herbs, Vacciniurnfor example reaching aheight of 5 feet.

A less pleasing featureis the invasion of thealien shrub which can radically change communities by virtue of the dense shade it casts .

Elsewhere in the woods cl -wetarea was noteddominated by large willows ix sp.) .Here there wa.s no low canopy,but a dense field la-, erof

.c,sus)tn, ;U lI eciera helix). bramble flutic.., occasional patches of ivy The ivy was more conspicuousgrowing up the treetrunks,vrhich also had a dense cover of lichens,inclucl1riUsnea sp. , Parmelia caetat:al Evernia sp. and severalcrustose Species.

The road through the areais line,! by high,unbroken stone walls making entry into the woods verydifficult.

Evaluation The woods are of regionalimportance as an exampleof mature oakwcod, is occurring. I with typical associatedspecies, in which regeneration

These woodlands alsohave treat scenic value,forming an. extremely attractive backdrop to the to:^.wnof Portlaw.

Threats to the Area Clearance is an obviousthreat.The spread of Rhododendronthrough the woods would reduce their scientificvalue.

37. Recommendation The trees could be protected by a Tree Preservation Order,under Section 45, Local. Government (Planning and Development) Act, 1963, but it would probably be better to seek the co-operationof the landowner in maintaining this area as deciduous woodland.

1

38. Name of area WOODS NEAR LISi,1ORE Acrea c 600 acres S. 044, 008 Grid reference R . 995, 003 and Scientific interes?: Ecological Ratin Regional importance Priority C

Descriation of area around There are large areasof woodland in theBi.ackwater valley mixed woodlands,with many Ca; poquin andLi.smore .Many of them are others are ownedby the conifers amongst thedeciduous trees, and will uti)nately Department of Lands,Forestry Division,.and presumably of scientific interest be replaced by coniferplantations. The areas d:ciduouS V,7ocdland shown on MapM12 are areas ofalmost exclusively Within these areas ara somefine not immediatelythreatened by forestry. on Map 1.2.This Stands of mature ,oakwoodland such as that)Marked. rZ has the following structure:- (oak) c high canopy guc=rc:us. spp.

(hazel) f low canopy Gorylus ve lana Ilex aauifolium (holly) f (ivy) f (epipr Hedera helix ytic tree t rl, nk. real ;»ocdrush) a herbs Lu2.ula_- (g=

dominant in Elsewhere, particularlyin the GlenmoreValley, birch is locally the woodlandd s .

1 Evaluation well-developed The areas are ofregional importance asexamples of birch and ak woodlandswith typical associatedspecies.

39.

I Threats to the area Clearance represents the only obvious threat although some parts are being invaded by rhododendron (Rhododiendron ponticum) and cherry laurel (Prunus laurocerasus) which could reduce their scientific value.

Recommendation Development in the valley should be controlled so as toprevent any unnecessar,v destruction of these woodlands .

Small and particularly interesting areas of the woodlands could be protected by a Tree Preservation Order, under Section 45, LocalGovernment (Planning and Development) Act, 1963. This could be drawn upin draft form by the Conservation and Amenity Advisory Service, An ForasFcrbartha.

40. I

T: ,' y1 .. I bf i u t 1:,ti s7i tE.1liLl' sutI. O "'ST -12

j X11 LU *f

r' 1

r.» r ,r,, ,,r ' l` ("r:.iL,.'r i .ia,

111 /6 I ././ "!.. t:a . Name of area FENNOR BOG Acreage c 30 acres Grid reference S. 511, 015 Scientific interest Ecological Ratin Regional importance Priority C

Descrirtien of area The area of interest is shown on Nvap 13.Jt is an area containing a variety of swam.), fen and bog communities .

The xvcttest patches are dominated by bogbean(Menvanth.es trifoliat2 water horsetail (Eguisetum fluviatile) andbogy pond weed poiyconif(-.li.1 s) .

Iri slightly drier places these species becomeicss coinrr+on and the dominant species is the moss, Aulacornnium rlustre vvith cotton grass (Ericophcrurn anC;ustifolil m)) marsh bedstrawra:ili.Lim .aiustre) and the sedge Carex rostrata all frequent. Inadditionthe bog St. John's wort (H:r r:icum elodes) is very common, a local species in Irelandand Britain (See

Fig .13)-

Other areas are dominated by the conspicuoustussocksof panicled sedge ccmmunis) and willow and alder rarer_ anicui.ata)-_ _- . of by reed (Phragmitcs------bushes are frequent in some areas .

Evaluation The variety of wetland plant communitiesfound in this area and the abundance of Hypericum elodes results in itbeing of regional importance.

Threats to the area No imminent threats are known of, though drainage,dumping or 41. ' eutrophication caused by septic Lank effluent could all be threatsin the future.

Recommendation

Any development plans affecting this area should take into accountthe scientific value of the bog.

1

1

42. MgAP SI GL,V,!G A 1EA GE SvIEi 1TII FIC INTEREST --13

Scale:6 lochs to 1Ci iie

41

3 ZY .7 Ilr,"-77- 2A L--7

,v

Bride\.Fernnr,!F Name of area 1SLA,; DTAiiNSEY FEN Acreage c 45 acres Grid reference S. 553, 012 Scientific interest Ecological : Botanical Ratin Regional importance Priority C

Description of area The area of interest is sho%w.,n on Map 14.

The area can be considered in two parts :- South of the dotted line on Map 14 is densereed swamp of Phracirnites communis .Amongst the dense reeds were noted :-

L,c rostos stol.cnifera (fi("rin) - f, lc Cards mine nratensis (1adv' s smock) f Eq iseturn fluviatile (water horsetail) f F.ilipendula ul:naria (meadow sweet) f Galium nalustre (marsh bedstraw) f

An -, s (wild angelica) O Athyrium fe.l x-femina (lady fern) 0 Tu.ncus effusus (soft rush) 0 Lemna minor (duc :weed) 0 Lhrurl sali.caria (purple lcosestrife) 0 Potentillaa ustris (marsh cinquefoil) 0 Rubus fruticosus (bramble) 0

Salix cinerea sspD atrGCiilrt.'-'.71,COmii on sallow,) O Urtica dioica (nettle) 0 A`yosotis sp_. (forget-me-not) r

North of the dotted line Phraqill, tes is very sparseand. the area of marsh is dominated by fiorin (A .rostis stclonifera;,bottle sedge (CF. ex rostrata)

4 3. and cotton grass (Eriophorum angustifolium) .Also recorded were :-

Galium nalustre (marsh bedstraw) c Cardamine nlratensis (lady's smock) Equisetum fluviatile (water horsetail) f Filipendula ulmaria (meadow sweet) f Juncus acutif.lorzs (sharp-flowered rush) f Menyanthes trifoliata (bogbean) f

Hydrocole vulaaris (marsh pennywort) O Juncus effusus (soft rush) o Lythrum salicaria (purple loosestrife) o Mentha aiaatica (water mint) o M rice _jale* (bog myrtle) o OSnlunda regalis (royal fern) o Pedicularis pa.iustris (red -rattle) o Ranunculus f.larunu.la (lesse) wrort) o Salix cinrrca ssp. (common SalloWra) o atrocinerea

* rare in S .E . Ireland(See Fig. 25)

Evaluation This area is rated as being of regional irnnorta:cce becauseof the variation within it and the interesting assemblage of flowering plants thatit contains.

It is also desirable that in this.region at ieast onearea of Phragmites fen, peculiar to and characteristic of this part of Ireland, shouldbe preserved intact and this area,which contains such a fen, is chosenwith this in mind.

44. Threats to the area

No imminent threats are known of. As in thecase of Fennor bog,

drainage, dumping and eutrophication could be future threats.

Recommendation

Any development plans affecting thisarea should take into account its scientific interest.

I

1

45 ""APiC>< NG A SEA OE SCIE JT1FiC INTEREST --14

Scale:6- Indies toIiYlile <,, Pl--4

.

_ a r as 71 , qX . d- f -

_' y (L D i -ci / F,: d: f ! + L 433

1 -fl It' I 1 f2t J? Name of area BELLE LAKE Acreage c 110 acres Grid reference S. 664, 046 Scientific interest Ecological : Botanical r Rati.n Regional importance Priorir C

Description of area The area of interest is shown on Map 15.

This is a large attractive lake with alarge area of t'hrurm"Ites 1 reedswamp at its south end. Growing inthis reeds vamp are seen

1 Phragrnites COMMUnis (recd) a E uiseturn fluviatile (water horsetail) f 1 Galium caiustre (marsh bedstraw) f Salix cinerea ssp atrociner :a ;commonsallow) o 1 This reedswamp extends as a thickmarginal band up most of the west side of the lake but on the east sidethere is only a thin marginal band of:- Eauisetum fluviatile (water horsetail) lc Potamogeton natans (broad-leavcd pondweed) lc lc Typha an ug stifolia (lesser reedmace) Schoenoplectus lacustris (bulrush) o

1 Ty.12ha is rare in lreiand and is ofparticular interest (See Fig. 14).

The lake bottom close to the shore onthe east side of the lake is soft and muddy with few stones but examinationof the few stones that could be found indicated that the lake isrich in invertebrates.Invertebrate groups noted were Turbellaria(flatworms), Hirudinea (leeches), Amphipoda Trichoptera (caddis larvae, both 1 (fresh water shrimps, Gammarus sp.) 46. epilithic tube and mobile case forms) and Gastropcda (spire snails).

Evaluation This is one of the few substantial areas of freshwater in the south east of Ireland and, as such, is of regional importance.

Threats to the area No imr:,inent threats are known of.

Excessive housing or industrial development or establishment of intensive farming units in surrounding areas could lead to pollutionor eutrophication of the lake.

Recommendation Any development plans affecting this area should take into accountits scientific; -interest.

47. r F AP SY HOB l 1 iNI G A.,rA urSril:IC i 1LUi-1 5 Scale:6 Inches to1 NUB

1 1 t Name of area CAR ICKAVANTRY RESERVOIR Acreage c 30 acres Grid reference S. 548, 023 Scientific interest Botanical : Ecological Rating Regional importance Priority C

Description of area The area of interest is shown on Nap 16.

This is a beautiful lake fringed by farmland to thesouth and east and forestry plantations on the west.

1 The west shores of the reervoir have an extra. ordinarilyinteresting collection of plants for many of which this is theironly station in the east of the county or the county as a whole.The significance of the site ,can be gauged from the folio,. ing list ofplants recorded there, together with notes on their distribution elsewhere in the county:-

Ranunculus trichophy_ll.us ('water buttercup')- the onlyrecord for the county Hypericum elodes (marsh St. John's wort) - rare in the county Utricularia vu garis (bladderwort)- rare in the county Littoreila uniflora (shoreweed) - rare in the county Baldellia ranunculoidcs (lesser water-plantain) - only county record Potamogeton perfoliatus (perfoliate pondweed) - one of three county records Potamogeton berchtoldii (small pondweed) - one of three county records

48. Potamogeton obtusifolius (grassy pondweed) - only countyrecord Sparganiurn cmersum (unbranched bur-reed) - only countyrecord Sparganium minimum (small bur-reed) - only recent countyrecord Eleogiton fluitans (floating scirpus) - only recentrecord for west of county

Theabove data is taken from Ferguson.I.}.Notes on the flora of Co. Waterford.Iris1h Naturalists journal. Vol. 16,Part 4, pp. 94 - 97 (See also Figs. 13 and 15 - 24) .

Evaluation The extraordinary interest of the floraof the west shore results in the reservoir being of regional scientificimportance .

Threats to the area In view of the fact that this is areservoir no threats appear likely. f

}

49. rr r rs rr rr r rr r rr rr r rr r rr rr r it r :r:c ccrl c`i C7 C-D C/3ca TCUr-9-C=3 1

Name of area CLIFFS ON HELVIC1 HEAD Grid reference X. 31, 88 Scientific interest Ornithological Patin Regional importance Priority C

Description of area The area of interest is shownprovisionally on Map 17.

These high, fairly remote cliffs areof interest because of nestingseabirds. Further data is awaited on the exact areasused by nesting birds and on 1 the species of birds that nest here.It is hoped that this information will be obtained in due course fromthe organisers of 'OperationSeafarer' . a survey of seabirdcolonies in Ireland and Britain. Evaluation This is a.well known localityfor nesting seabirds and isprovisionally rated as being of regional importance. f

Threats to the area I No imminent threats are knownof.

Development of this stretch of coastlineand subsequent disturbance of nesting birds would appear tobe the only possible threat.

Recommendation Development in this area should beprevented.

Again this area is already scheduledfor protection in the County Development Plan, Sept. 22nd, 1967.

Jn . Name of area CLIFFS AT DUi MORE EAST Grid reference S. 69, 00 1 Scientific interest Ornithological PriorityRatin BRegional importance

Description of the area The area of scientific interestis shown provisionally on Map18.

The area is of interest becauseit contains a large,scattered nesting colony of kittiwakes .

The limits of the nesting area be more. accurately mappedwhen information on the area isobtained from the organisers of 1 'Operation Seafarer' .

Evaluation This colony is of regional interestmainly because it can be so easily seen by people on the quay.

Threats to the area Because of its accessibilitydisturbance of 0,e colony is al.vaysli keay. The colony might also be physicallythreatened by the harbour

During any development of this area,disturbance of the colony should be avoided as far as possible.

51. MAP SHOWING AREA OFSCICffIF IC INTEREST-18

Scale:6 Inches to1 Mile Name of area SGILLOGE LOUGHS Acreage c 220 acres Grid reference S.296,114 Scientific interest Botanical Ratin Local importance 1 Priorit C

Description of the Area The area of. interest isshown on Mao 19.It was not visited duringthe periods of fieldwork preparatory tothis report.

They The cliffs and moorlandsurrounding the loughs are ofbryological interest. were visited by theBritish Bryological Society duri: g afield meeting in 1966 and the followingg new countyrecords rcre made:-

I,nthel isjui cea ) La idozia trichoclados ) live C,ephaloziell is pearsonii )

R adula lindboorgi.i ) ,ryum ri ariu;n - a moss

Evaluation The typical high level bryophyteflora and the locally rarespecies found here result in this area being of localscientific interest.

Threats to the Area None likely.

S2. MAP Sr '%vV!i' L APrA 0r SCIE f\!T IFIC INTEREST --19

Scale:6 Inches to 1 [1,f1ile 1

1 Name of area COOJ-FI?NT Acreage c 335 acres Grid reference S. 48. 14 Scientific interest Ornithological Raying Regional Priority C

Description ofrea The area of interest is shown on Map 20.

This is an area of wet fields separated by drainageditches.T-,vo or three of the fields are frequented each winter byMunster's only remaining flock of Greyiag geese.

Evaluation The fact that some of the:.' fields are used bythe overwintering Greylag geese results in the area being ofregional itiiportance.

Threats to the area Improving the drainage of the area could render thefields unattractive to the geese.

This, or any other development in the area, is unlikelyhov:'ever as the marshes are scheduled for protection in the CountyDevelopment Plan, Sept. 22nd, 1967.

Reccrm-nendation Further drainage or other development in this area shouldbe prevented.

53. MAP SI1OVVIi'1G AREA OFSC!EI\ITIFIC IM ,EST -20

Scale:6- Inches to1 Mile 1

Name of area NEWTOWly COVE Acreage c 8 acres Grid reference X. 568, 993 Scientific interest Botanical Rating Local importance Priorit C

Description of area The area of interest, a small, damp,^rooded valley cut by a stream, 1 is shown onMap21.

The botanical interest of the arealies mainly in the occurrencethere of the North American annual plantLimnanthes dougiasii.

The I..imnanthesoccurs in two places onthe south. side of the river, both being partially ]),are, clay banks,artifically created by the building of two bridges across the riverand the creation of paths leading from them,.hick zigzag up the north-facing slope.Close to the bridge furthest from the sea40 plants were counted, growing in areasof bare soil on a steep bank which wasalso being colonised by many plants from the surrounding woodland.Further down the valley, close tothe second bridge and in a similar habitat,49 plants were counted.

Field maple (Aces campestre) is alsonaturalised in this area.Its only recorded station in Ireland.

Evaluation As already stated the botanical interestof this area lies in the presence of the alien annual, Limnanthes .Although the plant is often reported as a casual garden escapeit has never, as far as is known,been 1

S

;,... 4r0,Cc ,s E"r- L r L G J 54 . 1 reported to be naturalised in Ireland.Within this valley however there are many naturally occurring areas with openvegetation, very

similar to the habitats now occupied by this species e.g. the steep banks of the stream, and I. imnanthes mightwell colonise these and 1 become naturalised here.

The status of this colony will be of great interestover the coming years .

The occurrence of the species here is an interestingproblem in itself as the nearest garden is a considerabledistance away from the area in which the plant occurs .

i Threats to the area No threat.:; to the area are known of, nor- are.any likely to develop in view of t,e amenity value of the area .

Pecorrumendation Any davolopenent plans affecting this area should take into account its scientific and amenity value.

1

55. MAP AREA 0F SCiEN!I'll F!G IN T'11 E S T --21

Scale:G inches to 1 1:1ile

A 1 Name of area -BALLYEELINAN Acreage c 50 acres 1 Grid reference X. 212, 807 Scientific interest Ecological : Botanical Rating Local importance Priorit C

Description of area The area of interest, a small, steep-sided, wooded valley runningdown to the sea, is shown on Map 22. There isan old record of a very rare 1 plant occurring in the valley.

1 Evaluation In view of their coastal position the woodlands in thevalley aye of I general ecological interest. The possibility of the rare plant still occurring here is also of interest. The area is thusof .local importance.

Threats to the Area No imminent threats are known of, though clearance may wellbe proposed in the future. 1

Recommendations Any development plans affecting this area should take into accountits scientific interest.

56. C-- COQN CIDC/:) r----aL.!_1 C11:3 C..3 Ut_Z.. -j C/') CCC23 CC-3 4)tC=) cCOD C: rr7 C::7-cm CoC'7COOJ r:)-z-i CDC-.)CIM :tear-r-ti -or 1

Name of area BALLYMACART Acreage c 25 acres Grid reference X. 253, 815 Scientific interest Ecological Rating Local importance Priority C

Description of area The area of interest is shcwn on Map 23.

Again this is a small wooded valley, very sini larto Ballyeel.inan. The deciduous woodlands are a mixture of ash (Fraxinus excelsior), I elm (Ulmus sp.), elder (Sambucus nic ra), hawthorn(Crat rTus monc/avna), oak (Quei ;is sp.) and sycamore (Acs-rpseudoolatanus).

1uation

As with 13allyeelinan the woodlands are of genaral ecological interestand are thus of local importance.

Threats to the area No imminent threats are }:crown of.

Recommendation Any development plans affecting this area should take into accountits scientific interest.

57. 1 AP SF VIi G A EA OF S C I E NT 'i FIC INTE REST -23

Scale:6- Inches- to 1Mile IT

1

1

D 1 Name of area WOODS ND .R STRABALLY Acreage c 170 acres Grid reference X. 35 and 36, 97 Scientific interest Ecological Rating Local importance Priority C

Description of area

1 The areas of interest are shown on Map 24.

The areas are mainly mature woodlands dominated by oak (gucrr_.usspp.) and beech ( e us al vati.ca) but containing occasional conifers and other deciduous trees e .g . birch (Betula spp.)and sycamore (Aver iD s eudoplatanus) .Some areas are also being., invaded by cherry laurel F'runus laurocerasus)

A particularly interesting area is the east--facing slope of Strabally Cove, which appears '.:, have natural colonisation by trees. The resulting area of woodland is completely different from theother woodlands nearby and has the following structure :-- high canopy - Fraxinus excelsior (ash) c Acer I)eodo TDlatcini+._(syca'rnore) c 1 low canopy - Ilex aquifolium (holly) f

herbs - Endymior: non-scriutus (bluebell) c Hedera helix (ivy) f

oyscum setiferum(softo S .cld- f

1 fern) Lonicera.. oericlymenum (honeysuckle) f E Dryopteris dilatata (broad buckler o

fern)

58. Evaluation These deciduous woodlands are certainly of ecological interest, but when compared with other areas of deciduous woodland in thecounty they can only be rated as of local importance .

Threats to the area No imminent threats are known of, but the woodlands maybe threatened by clearance in the future.

Extensive spread of the alien shrub Prunus laurocerasus, cherry laurel, could reduce the scientific value of the woodlands .

Pccommenrlaticn The co-operation of the landowner should be sought in maintaining these areas as deciduous woodland. t

s3. A, Name of area WOODS NORTH OF YOUGIIAL Acreage c 335 acres Grid reference Around X. 085, 825 Scientific interest Ecological : Botanical Ratin Local importance Prioritv C

Description of area

The areas of interest sho:^wnon 1v ap 25 are mainly mature deciduous woodland containing very few conifers. (In the surrounding woodlands conifers are much commoner).

Within these areas aresome fine stands of mature oak woodland. Some in the Glendirie valley are easily accessiblearid have the following structure :-- high canopy - Qiiccus sp. (oak) c

low canopy Ilex a_arui.fo).iu 1 ._I(holly) 1. herbs - Vaccinium myi-tilus (bilberry) c Blechnum T cant (hard fern) f Dtyopt:eris dilateeta (broad buckler f fern)

Lonicera nericly - (honeysuckle) _ rnenum

Other areas are dominated by beech (Fagussy tica).

Evaluation

When compared with other areas of deciduous woodlandin the county these particular-areas can only be ratedas being of local importance.

60. Threats to the area No imminent threats are kno-.vn of, butthe woodlands may be threatened. by clearance in the future.

Recommendation The co-operation of the ldi:downershould be sought in maintaining these areas as deciduous woodland .

61. ti t._t' iyy iV.U E_J i u_i i_ ii1 tt U t 1 L f !_L i 25 1

Scale: to IL111; u

J/

6 .l1

rri+y,.vr hn-nar I,

1 ,

%

- 1/ 'M - . _ r... ,i . !.`ice- a ' r _s f (7unl/dv.. nt.4ll L-. 4;. ;'!a - '. °- J -.- '4,:. :.'i.r:. /. /- it i. --,

r

r J.at./!.

0 T-:1 'Lit nwdnuuu,. r., y IInor.

../.,./rte. ! t./Irra.'II/ _. :. .T 6: , '1- _ j^T _ . ,.tom- 1 ` .o Name of Area WOODS GLEN PATRICK {RIDGE Acreage c 22 acres Grid Reference S. 292 , 200 Scientific Interest Ecological Rating Local importance Priority C

Descri lion of Area The areas of interest, deciduouswoodlands surrounded byconifer Plantations, are shown on Map 26.

The southern area is a patchof mature relict oakwood on asteep slope, which is very wet in one area wherewater drains down fromabove.The wood has the following structure.: c high canopy - Quercus sp (oak) Fraxinus excelsior (ash) 0 Sorbus aucunaria (rowan) o

c low canopy- Coryluavellana (hazel) Ilex aquipliurn (holly) f

herbs - (dryer areas)Luz ula ss-lvati.ca (great woodrush) a Dr'>'opterisdi latata (broad buckler fern) f Ru'bus fruticosus (bramble) 7 Blcchnu.irn spicant (hard fern) Hedera helix (ivy) 0 Oxalis acetosella (wood sorrel.) o c,Ia (wet areas) C,hrysosp',-rum (golden saxifrage) o postifo1oim Oenanthe crocata (water dropwort) f , lc Atthyrium felix (lady fern) f 1

62. The more northerly area.is a youngbeech plantation.A typical area within it had the following structure:-

high canopy - Facrusyatica (beech) c I low canopy - absent herbs - Endymion non-script us (bluebell) 1.c. Dryopteris borreri (rnale fern) f

Along the roadside bordering the areaand in the woodland edge werenoted oak (Quercus spp) , hazel (Co yJ avellana , cherry laurel(Prunus laurocrasus), bilberry (Vacciniurn,Lilus ,broad buckler fern (Drvcpterisdilatata) and honeysuckle(Lonicera

Evaluation The patch of oakwood is significantin that it has a differentfloral composition 1 from the oakwoods describedelsewhere in this report.In view of: its small size however it is only rated aslocally important.

The beech wood is of generalecological interest.

Threats to the Area Both these areas of woodland areowned by the D:p :rt7nent ofLands, Forestry Division, and it would appearthat they are safe from anyirnmedia.te threat. The beech wood may be cut fortimber when it matures.

Recommendation No action should be takenregarding these woodlands .

63. # 31 f TC!" b d d 1311 b L v to 1! 11 ] ' --1 H 1 :0103S g 8al3IIl o) 1 1E

\ , ; 'r rx\''" f'_ vii i '= j \`

t INIamr:e of Area RIVER VALLEY NORTH OFANNESTOWN Acreage c 95 acres Grid Reference S.500,000 Scientific Interest Ecological: Botanical Rat; n Local Importance Priori C

Description of Area The area of interest is shown onreap 27.

Within this area there is aninteresting variety of marsh,fen and swarap communities.Of particular note is a large areaof fen carr, dominated by common sallow c i-If-r _3 ssp a,:;.ocinerea.

Within the whole area t efollowing species of interest arerecorded: (See Fig. I., fIY}.rirur;_ c?cc'c (marsh St. John's wort) (hog myrtle) (See. Fig. 2 (S ` Fiu . 2 hy(, I^oia)- -- athum (great wafer ?ock) (See` F_g ?E Utri.cularj.a vt.ily _.ris (l.l.ar_11-f e rwort (See Fig . 2", ! (great pond-sedge)

The area is probably alsoof some ornithological interest.

Evaluation plants occurr::lg The variety of communitieswithin this area anu'the unicorllmorl here result in it being oflocal importance.

Threats to the Area No imminent threats are knownof, but drainage, dumping ordevelopment may all become threats in the futuro.

Recommendation account its scientific Any development plans affectingthis area should take into interest. 64. 1

v N6L[IJ I`1TEic J'27 5 lnch to Lip

1

1

1

1 1 Name of Area CAST- LECP DDOCK BOG Acreage c 55 acres 1 Grid Reference S.491,022 Scientific Interest Ecological Ratin Local Importance Priority C r Descri,j-ption of Area The area of interest is sho-,.vn on Map28.

This is an area of marsh, fen and sv amp.

In the wetter areas of the 'bog' on the eastside two distinct communities were noted, cnc of almost pure stands of panicled seac;e(Cafe:{) triculiit ,the other with rneado sweet (ELIi Eendula I.Ilmaria,,,jater hcr.etall 'Fcu setirl flttviatilJ and a species of grass (? Poa spasco--dominants .

Other areas are dominated by reedmacn.(T ha and nettle (Urtica dioica is common in places.

Evaluation There are several such small 'bogs' Srithe county and as no two are exactly alike they are all of local ecological interest.This 'bog' has been chosen as a good example of such an areafor the purposes of this report.

Threats to the Area No imminent threats are known of, but drainage,dumping or development may become threats in the future.

1 Recommendation Any development plans affecting this areashould ta.'e into account its scientific

interest.

1 li J

1 N c coCn LJJr " CSC 00InC.3 CTSCJCJ Cs'3L,jC,7) C 1]C'7CE"') CmC7a Y c-,-hrn-t CODN00 Name of Area LISSAVIRON BOG Acreage c 55 acres Grid Reference S.488,010 Scientific Interest Ecological Rating Local Importance Priority C

Description of Area 1 The area of interest is shown on Map29. 1 An area of swamp, fen and developingbog very close to Castlecraddock bog, but completely different from it. There is, for instance, very little Carex Laniculata here and much of- the area isdominated by bottle sedge (Carer There are also areas very similar tothe wetter parts of Fennor I rostrata). bog (See p.41) dominated by bo bearMer'yanthes tr'_foi.iata) bog pond '.weed (Potamcc;etccac>aiwonifolii.s) etc.

1 Evaluation As for Castlecrad..lock bog

Threats to the area As for Castlecraddock bog

1 Recommendation: As for Castlecraddock bog

66. 1 G AR EA OFuLTIF li"I T -29 AP C

Scale:G Inches to 1 C-vIile 01-1*6, 1

1

I

1

1

1 Name of Area KILPARRY BOG 1 Acreage c 115 acres Grid Reference S.598,103 Scientific Interest Ecological: Botanical Ratinq Local

Priorit B

Description of Area 1 The area of interest is shown onMap 30.

This is a large area of swamp and fenwith some small, apparently fairly deep pools of open water.The majority of the area is dominatedby reed, Phraamitos communis) but there are someextensive areas with a shorter vegetation at the north end, domi:iatedby a sedge (Can-3x ?roStrata).

Praeger in The Botanist Mn Ireland'records the tare sur mor snow-flake, I aestivurn) as growing on the 1_:og.It has no' been seen recently. (See Fig. 28).

Evaluation As for Castlecraddock Bog. This area also has obviouseducational potential.Because of il:s proximity to vai.eiford city it could be used ac- a sitefor iieid studies of votland andaquatic plants and animals .

t Threats to the Area The bog is currently being filled inby a large dump.

Recommendations A small selected area at the north endof the bog should not be filled inand should be preserved with a view to itspossible use as an educational area.

67. G+3 i..... Cs7c-3 c I/" ir Iv 00 - L . `` c V,3 CM C. too l Co. Do,o ' uer C_.3 C : / .J r afi,A'"ea _. ._. i i .i. _.__. .-. .J'J I.1 1.J IJ.. 1.._ C-115!ICll'l Name of Area BALL I11\11 '110 UGHT Acreage c 42 acres Grid Reference S. 4,18, 035 Scientific Interest Ecological Rating Local Importance Priorit,, C

Descriotion of Area_ The area of interest is shown on Map 31.

The small, attractive lake appears to be very shallow ovarmost of its area. The indications are that it is highly eutrophic and containsabundant invertebrate populations.

It is surrounded by a more or less continuous reedswampin which reed (Phracr.rite: communi.s), reedmace ( ha latfol.a) , bottle sedge (Carex _rostrata) and water horsetail (Ecluisetuiil fluviatiie) are ail locally dominant.Further out from the beds of water crowfoot r shore and covering most of the lake's area are floating or buttercup (Ranunculus a uati.lis.

Turning over stones at the water's edge revealed a richand varied invertebrate fauna.Flat worms (Turbellaria) , leeches (Hirudinea); rams hornsnails (Gastropoda) and the freshwater hog-louse, Asellus aguaticus(Isopoda) were all common. t Evaluation This small eutrophic lake is certainly of local scientific importanceand, in a part of Ireland where lakes are not common, it maywell be that a rating of 'regional importance' could be justified.

Threats to the Area I None known of-.

68. Recommendation Any development plans affecting this areashould take into account its scientific interest.

1

69. . 31 ffIA 1 Saie:e IPlc11iusLa1 1diila

I

ALLI\"LOCGH ` S,.ri.:ce o 771 e ' +134 !-,A1S?6. 1

..` a ,` ..N 275 0 ra! -

post 0:1,. a G ar

Gf a

1 RECOMMENDED ACTION FOR EACH AREA OF SCIENTIFICGeneral planning Special control Area Order INTERESTAmenity Tree Preservation Order Other recommendations Priority F v Coumshingaun corrie and lake alternativetheInvestigationstorage Comeraghs scheme sites of as otherfor possible a corries pumped- in A G) CoastQuarryStradbally from near Tramore Dunhill to * Possibly Erectioninformation of small notice inconspicuous in the quarry CC DungarvanTramore Harbour * theEradicationtheEradication area area. of of Spartina Spartina within within A Woodlands in the Nine Valley * WarrenCG?ntroiForestryCo-operation Hills of Division erosion with in Dept.the of Rabbit Lands A KilsheelanDanes Island Lake ** Cr 0ArdmoreBunmahon lead mine sand dunes AC General planning control Special Ane ity Area Order Tree Preservation Order Other recommendations Priority WoodsWoods at near Portlaw Lisniore x possibly Co-operation with landowner CC islandtarnseyFenncr bog fen r; Carri.ckavantryBelleCliffs Lake on Helvick reservoir Head Ill CC SgillogeCliffs at Dunmore East Loughs a BC NewtownC-oolfinBailyeelinan marshes Cove * C WoodsBa'lymacart near Stradbally **- - Co-operation with landowner C General planning control k Special. Amenity Area Cr:: e r 'free Preservation Order Co-operation with landowner Priority WoodsRiver northnearvalley Glenpatrickof north Youghal of 5ridge c Castlecraddock bogssa. virOnJ.nnestown hog C Kilbarry bogallinlough ..t thePreservationshould bog as be a considered teachingof a small area part of T APPENDIX_ 1 t_X :URSTON ;iTD ' TO f.i r,A OF CUCTrd D

TR A: vIJR) TO STRADBAJI Y

Prepared jointly by Dr. Stilltran, i . C . D.and Dr. Schiener, U.C.D.

73. _i- STR .TIG:\i ! rlll COLN

Red-bed sequence ofconglomerates Old Red Sandstone c arse andfine sandstone Basal conglomerate inplaces contains 1-3;-ally derived. Caradociandebris ------unconforr,-iity

Acid As is-flow sheets(? lgnibrites) anti equi%'E!ier:T to Acid interbedded with silts Caiiaiia rnu d s1.o ncs Series I rndesitic tuffs andblack mudstones Reed, 1899) Occas7.n,n 1 Cliff beds in sedimentary sequences L::=inate:; - distalturbidites, and r:.udstones

dun lbra.t':i:i Li.inest. cneSeries 1 Trance Limc:stjne _- _------? uriconfcrmity Series

of `liar Cre Bay Arenig Tramore Not s..n`est Slates

WATERFORD V O I_, C'I. N I C S MODE OF OCCURRENCE

(Caradocian)

A) w - 1: J 1) Ill Jlli C ndIn-tarm_^ I__ . Inter_ et lia-'.^ & Subaerial Submarine Bee-o Intro-ion centres of eruption flows With no discernable focus shallow intrusi:fns extensive tuf into wet sedirneP.L (hyaiocIastic) gabbro bosses & agglomerate beds, & rni.id- flow bre cci as 1 agglomerate breccia pillow lavas rsh al -t'--)%'v imru.si,-es) 74. 1 2) Acid Intermedi at Sub(narine Subaerial Decn Intrusions 1 1 -- I centres of eruption f]ov,-s with no ash-flow tuffs flov, -banded rhyolite j rhyolite 4. discernible j

focus { (ignibrites) lava quartz-feldspar

s ash-fall tuffs i porphyry dykes, breccia i flows sills (feeders). necks plugs a sll flow (? shallow water) I containing tuffs sedimentary agglomerates i fragments & polymict tuffs i I down--slope 4 lava flows

1

B) :'ost-Deb ositienal (possibly Hercynian) dolerite dynes and sills intrusive gas-breccia zones

OUTLINE OF GEOLOGY 1

At Tramorc unfossilife_ous Tramorn Slatesunderlie the Trarnore- Li.t}ZEStorte Series. The status of the break between is uncertain,there is a structural discontinuity and possibly a stratigraphic one also.The slates have been ascribed to the Ashgill, cn. no very good evidence, by earlierworkers.The Li.mest.ones yield a good fauna of brachiopods and trilobites andhave been subdivided into three

stages by Re L e d ( ;,10c,.n),, . Lit Iologi gall;: si-u'sG.,' calcareous beds are seenat Dur::.'. rattinHead, with a similar fauna.Above these are larninites, probably representing distal turbidites and mudstones.These sediments are well exposed on Knockane and Moaragee la strands.

Tuff horizons appear some distance above the .limestones,probably at different horizons at different localities along the section.The frequency of tuff beds increases upwards and the pyroclastics are joinedby basaltic and andesiii.c 'laves';these often show pillo`,ed tops, which are apparentlyintrusive into the overlying bedded strata and it is postulated thatthey represent shallow intrusions emplaced laterally into -,riFterlogged and unconsolidated sediment

75. 1

or tuff.The validity of this supposition isbornout by abundant evidence cf s riai1 sheet intrusionsbreaking upr: % sinking into tiEeundErly].ng Sed ii.ents. The whole of this phase ofvolcanicit-y is submarine.

Still higher in the sequence,acid tuffs appear interbedded withthe sediment; these are su'omarine still, butash-fall tuffs, such as those atDunhill Castle, indicate that in some locations thewater is very shallow,and, in the :western part of the area near Bunmahon,extensive sheets of rhyolitic.tuff appear to be ignimbrites, indicating emergenceof a lend mass -- probably of one or more volcanic islands.Thcse sheets transgress acrossmarine sediments and volcanic`., but are involved in theCaledonide deformation which affectsall t:. Ordovician strata.

Piercing the sediments and tuffs(though not the ignimbrites, so far ashas yet been dotected) are intrusive vents, ;hick SolnethneS include massesof sedirllent i.-n a form, which suggests thatthey were empl.aced whi.1st thesediment was uncorsoiidated.`;'here are also rhyo_ite feeder d-kes and rhyolite and rluartz- porphyry sheet intrusions, as well as Bornelarge, aahbroic intrusions.the igrieous history ends with the:emplacement of a series of doleritedykes li.ic. i are not affected by Caledonide deformation and to be related is fault:: of presumed Hercy-iiarl age.Gasir_ risiol.-brr,ccir:are along some of these faults.

A noteworthy feature is tnc presenceof two outliers of Red-beds, "o be of Old Red Sandstone age, which arelithologicaliy very similar to thebasal beds of the Old Red. Sandstone as seenat Ballyvoyie Head, at file west; rliend of this coastal section.The red.-beds on the Caradocian succession, reddening the underlyingstrata and in some places possessing a basal conglomerate: with locally derivedfragments of Ordovician rocks. are fault-bounded. 1 ITINERARY Route from Tramore westwards,along Tc33, with deviations off tothe named localities . 1 FoiloT.'v T63 `.westwards from Trarnorefor approxirna.tc'y 2 mile, thenfork left towards Garrarus.An Caher Bridge !1:545 993) turn left clo;w;n road marked Garrarus Strand. 76. 1 1 volcanic centrepossibly LoCci1i Garraius Strand(X551 952) - observe a the iUOts to a vent. Jcer.d. by path to beach;see cc ,rse vo.lcar:i; 1 ceccIas, notdips ,%T,-st ci beach entrance see abundant intrusions1.ch were einplaced in wet sediment. cast end of strand, proce :dround headland to small cove,where a large number cf.dy:(cs are concentrated.These may well be feeders to an eruptive vent;the dyke density here is much greater than usual.There are also abundantand irregular Masses of black shalecaught up in intrusive bodies .

Return to TG3 via CarrilrusCrossroads and, pass throughFennor;continue west- s for ap'proxlIT,ately1 mile, tile:: turn off right toDunhill Castle. 1 007) Localit,2 Dun.'1 Castle O_Iarr-.-- (S 507 1'11 ; quarry is situated orl the yeastbank of Annestown Strurn, about 45 yds north of :'doc)ristownHouse; Bridge,

T) ASF; )DO?v UT THE(' )AR?Y FACE

in this ,,Larry the Dur!'ifllCastle Turfs may be su.on;5 bids G,. acid tuff are visible.,cac;tl ;aiding fl-c)"'lal:illi tuff at the base to fins: tuff at the top.The tuffs are poorly screed, eventhe coarsest Cn.ntains more than 5f')% tineash (1'e s s "chapI MM); there is a complex repetition of trading,which, with the poor sorting,the lithologies of the particlesand the indistinct mixed passage from one grade unit to anotherwithin the individual beds,suggests 1 that each bed of tuff is theproduct of a number of successive-ash fails, the sorting beingcarried out in the verticallyerupted ash column.The fine 'cops to thebeds have sorting and bedding- features which suggestthat the tuffs fell into water an.vrhen the 1 nyroclastic she refs ceased for atime, the finer materialsettled and the tops of the beds werere-worked.A further obvious feature is the scatter ofblocks of collapsed pumiceand rhyc.lite which are concentrated in. thefine tops.Note the impaction 1 structures below the lithicblocks.The presence of the purnice 1 77. blocks can be explained if the tuffs deposited in sufficient depth of water to delay tine arrival of the pumicetill the builk of the la'i li h::d settled.The rhyolite blocks are presumably the precursors of subsequent eruptionbut the impact structures developed in unconsolidated tuff prove the timeinterval to be short.Micro- scopic examination shows n.ouldingand welding of shards in the lapilli tuff and the lapilli are mainlyof dark, chloritic, compressed pumice or of highly vesiculated pale rhyolite. 1 Petu rr to 'A"63 and continuethrough Annestown to 1 uabrettin Head.

T ocality 3. Knockane Strand.(`:.477 984) Walk down to L cat Strand Harbour, thenfollow the shore line north- east along Knockane Strand .

iPiith the T?a P,orp On,Or .c. i" ad c1re Cal C ar'eoi.u. i'Oeks equated l a.mestc rlc:r, The northern-most o::-c:,op is seenimmediately south of the harbour.At Boat Strand an,: I uockane Strandea:arnine the l.aniinites and mudstones ,T ose v;ere placed by Reed(1899) belc ww th' ca':cla cous beds, but critical exnrninationof -:he outcrops along the southern edge of the Harbour suggo!'st ananticlinal closure such that the argillaccous beds are in fact equivalent tothe--arrxachalia S -rim. ; , overlying the limestones .The argillaceous beds belong to aturbidite and larninite facies and comprise blackslates and laminated siltstones all showing a great deal of contemporaneousdisturbance; intraforma- tional slate conglomerates and breccias areformed in the black slates and ball and pillow Structures,convolution and a variety of bottom structures in the laminated s iitstones .

Occasional seismite structures are found.Caledonian structures with tight, sometimes overturned folds andconsiderable thrusting, are seen and a good clea vage is developed inthe slate.

At the eastern end of the strand are a varietyof intrusions and in Morageeha Strand (some 700 yds furtheron) are 'lavas' and tuffs interbedded with the sediments. 78. Return to the road and continue towards Bunmahon:At (X442985) the road takes a sharp right-hand turn just before descending into inockmahon, leavethe vehicle and walk down to the shore along a cliff path pastthe old Knockrnahon mine engine house, 1 to the east of Stage Cove.

Lo :a.Iit.y 4 Stage Cove Est (X447 984) Descend a headland of arnygdaloidal. andesite cut by intrusionsof quaLtz-feldspar porphyry and massive diorite.This sequence is faulted with much sha`terincj against sediments to the east, andthe fault place is very heavily mineralised with dominant chalcopyriteand pyrite; the wall are considerably altered.This constituted one of the princip31. mineral lodes rnir;ed extensivelyin tile- Century.The sediments are si.ltstones with calcareous bands con- 1 taining a shelly fauna nct unlike that of Dunabrattin Head;they are underlain by amygdaloidal andesites, seen on the foreshore, and overlain by acid ;.olca.nics.

To the east the scd.i.rnents are downfeulted to reach leveland the

whole Cliff is made 1-IT? oft,massive colurrrnar--jointed rhvoiite sheet.

1 r.iis beii.eved to be art ash-flc'.J s1 aei and evidenceof a sl la r base may be seen if the shingle beach isel`-cavated.This sheet overlies th::: succession of into rbedd(-'.d sedi.rents and andesites, and formsthe majority of inland outcrops here.

nC+'.±.'' to ...= and fcllo`.r TC_ 1 th rC uc h Bun :r'^.r r: .. ho West en;. cf the.: n :Vn the road swings sharply to i ^e right. and acliff track climbs up to the left.Follow this track on foot for approx. 600 yds.

Local? Bunmahon Head (X428 982)(see locality map 5) Bunmahon Head itself is composed of almost verticalred-bed facies conglome_°ate:s and coarse and fine sandstones, of presun edOld Red San-lstone age, which sho-,v many interesting bedding features,sole markings , etc.The base is marked by an angular uncoilformity with underlying andesitic lavas , pillow breccias and tuffswhich form a wave-cut platform on the south-east of the Head.Reddening of the volcanic; is seen for some feet front the contact.The red beds are

' 79. 1

terminated la n.dwar is by a,vI,/B'JV fault inclined at approx. 45^ to the South, which develops anextensive breccia zone..West of the Head, in Trawnamoe strand is seen asuccession of andesitic tuffs intruded by a s1 allow intrusive or'lava' with a well definedpillowed top, which formsa horizon for some distance tothe west. The succession dips northwardinto an inclined fault planewhich is probably a continuation of thefaun which terminates thered beds, and to the west is associatedwith an intrusive gas breccia.A quay- 'z--feldspar porphyry intrud3s the andesites butis probably truncated by the inclined fault.

yd's then fork left to Return to i3'ulimahon, folle-,vthetllin_oa'I (T63) for approx. 100 foi1ow the coast rorui toStrad..ally.Approximately 2 ciiles i:urth.'.r onfollow sign post to Ballydowane tray, down accessroad to the left, as farosthe car nark .

b) 37.11t7dr"Nci'lEP," j'(Xl0S (i B{) (sce locality reap .i oeaIity_5. ------1S Li.l Uait,. 'i,U!:h :., age l_ivla.ipy Illost !'J1 fieauc:1' 1°' of 1)rl:r?tirri'e::mid ':-16 northern side of the bay;in the east they dipsteeply northward or t arc vertical., andunconforrnably overlie pillowec.and orecciated andesi:es an` tuffs. ThcontactLindbas l ccnglonherate can be seen in the NE cornerof the beach.200 yds to the SE, a fault brings back the red-beds, againdipping vertically.West of the beach redbeds dip much less steeply tothe NE, and in the foreshore the unconforii:ity canbe soon again but 'herethe underlying beds are thin--bedded heavilyepidotisad tuffcaceous and calcareous sediments . western limit of t'rie red-heds is a majornorth-south fault to the west of which is seena succession ofpillow overlain by bedded tuffs andagglomerates which pass up tothe thin- bedded epidotised sediments .it is possible that 'hepillow,ved sequel,(- may be correlatedwith that of Bunmalbon, inwhich case the calcareous: sediments arc: probably higherin the sequence than theTran:ore Limestones.

80.

1 M MONO/ -M m r Tramor -Y .+.o +y.C ....,,.^ 3 ,rte R . nnesiown Ir ` , {. ;x rp L 1 ocz a) j 4a O -J Dungar van F Y >rco b 1ccatity 5 1

y/>>b

Ayr. ,t r, : t r: " f eij \ : r;i`

1 r srr

i

Io U1.y'J S a/.cF*

82. 1

I

APPEND:1X 2

FIGURES i - 2r)

1

t

84. fig. 1 Distribution of Saxifra asoathularis in Britain andIreland

1

Taken frori "Atlas of theBritish Flora", prepared bythe Botanical Society of the British isles. Each sy?ri'eol on the map record:-ith' oresence of this speciesi rt a llo:rtetre square of tie OrdnanceSurvey ',;Ltional Grid,Which ,vcs extended to cover Ireland for the purpose ofthi.su,rvey

SPAT i;0 U,':1`.:

St. eo trick's E !t i C',I;b7^e .tF

e1'? 9 r E II o Lrfore 5930 `'r r t rY[,e

f 1 /.

Z J ' 1

e I I

t ,rte-_,i-.,l. `?_ i % ____ ,.__ `:4--- 1 - , Y, .. 00 I / 111 k o .d i` \ F sri I ( lye r ,~ `rr t 1

11 :ti ; ----- I ry reise o r,+ +.' n lei FFqu ,_f_5.v i i- i-,= if 1P

L

85. Fig. 2 Distribution of Luncus acutus inBrRair.arzd Ireland

Taken from "Atlas of the British Plo_a" ,prepared by the Botanical Society of the British is'-s. Each symbol on the reap reccrds the presenceof this species it a 1O-kilometre square cf the OrdnP_.rlcSurveya-c icrl-?1 Grd, 'which `.vas extendedto cover for the purpose cf this survey.

r I JUNCLIS ACUT7JS L. Sharp f.ush

o17391--rds iSefore 1930

--- f f f

t -

Fs !CJ Ir lyA -- I I !./

t

1 i I

f 1 r j; -- - yG O 1 I 1 1 1 I } 1

.f

as. iC'irCld _ n.noS, rT1c3 in } l'iq .3 D1StI lb'1t10?:_of 'Vl`:'OsG -'---

prepared by theBotanical Society of Taken from "Atlasof the British FJcra" , the British isles . Of this specs sin a G1.Etre l aC}l Syrl:bol onthe rip records the r'resence e;:1,cnc.e- to cover square ofc the ^nance SurveytiIreland Na i.orl Grid, which v ,,as Irelandfor the purpose ofthis survey.

I

_a , I j !.i 0;071, F , I n1

Ked:c: I I

't. Ail rc.cc.rds s :y I i L

Mra . r [ 1 y 7.a. I

,i M1-b ( i I - 1J sari _ ! b/ }j ; I

e C I 'a sin'J + ' M 3 __cf 1 _ u.--_ a -s i a eft a n f i. rD e eier iiaee ra

I ` is o> v=i;_ `- ofFO< . a of er /// .ff .s ' 1,0+ w i U , R f. '

i 1 yt ° -4 r

M

87. D

Fig. 4 Distribution of As Qaragus oT icinalis in Britain andIreland

Taken from "Atlas of the British Flora" ,prepared by the Botanical Society of the BritisiI isles . Each symbol on the Map records the presence ofthis species in a 1O-kilcmetre scruare of th-Ordnance Survey 'National Grid, ,-;hich was extended to cover Ireland for the purpose of this, survey.

FF^.IL::S I __ j

t 1 ry ' I W.. k

I

I';- tae y o ! o C

F °' Or1 r I °`

1

8 . Fig..5 Distribution of Brachvpodium pinnatum in Britain an.' Ireland

.

Taken from "Atlas cf thc British Flora",prepared by the Botanical Society of the British Isles. Each symbol on the records the p.esence of this species in a 10-kilometre square of the Ordnance Survey ivational Grid, was extended to cover Ireland for the purpose of this .survey.

BKACWY- . t C- _tl 1---r - P I N' 14 AT U M

D 1 3) cnW:'d+ t , i 7 I I I 1 nbefore 1M 1 °:-r'- .--- f I j j ti ) Iv'' I a)l Ii i ccin Ireland I s j

L.L. t 1 . 1

If-? -

.E.'M

1

;..::::.. D 7-

-r..r - e s s i s + I eZ s .n . _; . L rt I /_. . 1

89 l1Sul.ita e it 11'1 l :fl in Brigin n d i Fig .6 llistrihution cf

1

of 11 repared by the Botanical Society Taken fror!Atlas ofr r Flora",F the British Isles. a 1 0 olti symbol the map records the p:es:.nceof t h i s species square of the OrdnanceSurvey ``atiora1 L;ri which ws extended to cover Ireland for the purpose ofthi; survey.

CU>CUTA c' " fl v EPITHYMUA 1 j

> ( Comma;n '«Sc*-Me?'

_'`la.i i I 1 iI 19'tO cn,-:rds __-.-.ray-- a " + 1 x Pr - I1,ro..I 'C .ica.IO-s on field r c a J r c'- i r-R[ A Ct cps i. rr. D`am' j 7 RV,

- - - 4 L s.'i v ------I °----r -z.-- I Y , ll'. v l ( ! j If

I v

E t Iai I al I al

s I/ O fJ 3 I 1( Y I O r p s 1% @[[ I aY i ; 1/ 1 l _ /YOr i

t.9_a 1 i o s .r J 4 F i , y.J i i It>J'. Ga[ 0 I / 71 4 i Yr [ U O 1

uvva _:+ r- t 1 v. o .o c rv 1 u s-' r L7- 1 n s-- _--I- -- ,r--air cr- tl avroe r-mot r +

! I ( ', 1 ' wEfr W

1 1

1 in B:i. ai nd Ireland 7 stributof EurLhcrbia hvber=a 1

Tahei from "atlas of theBritish Flora" ,prepared by the BotanicalSociety Of the British Isles. species in ci 10-kilometre Each symbol on the r;;%:1_.'records the _ ;'esence of this square of the OrdnanceSurvey National Grid,which was extended to cover Ireland for t1ne purposeof this survey.

t

r{ 319 S X E11F 1.5C F B A L. Iris, Spurge r i 193) ctrrds {t s+y x -C--f: re 1530

'iD iy ^ i t

t i 1 I `y

c 1

1

91. I I

and Ireland 1.Gn Of I. it liL i_ a 11ic_?cx-le In Brali. Fi . Distribu= _ -

prepared by theBctanical Society of i'akcnifrom "Atlas ofthe British Flora" , the sh Isles. in a 10 -'Kilonetre recordsthe .,o,-,sc. ;,ce cf rt-Tis species Each sy Trbo1 or,the map which was e:_terd'edto cover square of theOrdnance Surve.v''N'rl G )ic-11 Grid, TLfe._,lar,u for the purpose ofthis curve a

t t t LJIMMM Att7tCX: ., CtU .E L. 63 {'iGf1il.

t, 153J u; rare,

t I t o L.(G: C 133" . - w w iis ( t ,!r Py` lrr',

_ , a a 1 :r 6 ti . r4. y .

__ . ; , r - , -- t -- i Il - a

4j , i t;1 , 'R-- ---1

' YF e R aY : i :.off

r y. I / y ' o e. rl _e-.. Lei l ca.. .art t-a r t Ltoi tip c:

,seal ! t c-a c+i , ._ erg- ..a^ , > 9'.J +acalsL' j I /1 S t -ts i

92. 1

t e Ireln 9 Distri.ut ion_ of Lun nusrborcus in );ritairl 1

Society of 1 LloraL ,prepared by the Botanical Taken from "Atlasof the r.. , it-ish the British Isles. of this species in a?.O'-kilometre Each symbol on the inaoreccr-ats the presertce extended to cover tcy Gid, %-iii oil was ,q1,.arC oI theOrdnance Surveyi+lil.nC.i Ireland for the purposeof this survey.

AR60!t :Us

1

1

. I If, 1 1, I i i Iti

r 1 ,

vb i t :I ) 'I 't n 0-

I i

93. Fig. 10 Distribut .on, of Lvciur-t__ ,D- in Britain andIreland

Taken from "Atlas of the Britishpreoz.red. Florae, by the Botanical Society of the British Isles. Each symbol on the inap records the presenceof this species in a 10--kilori,etre square of the Ordnance Surveyi et

Ireland for the p. =_pcse. .- cf this survey.

1

LYCIUMrg; L .0"0"'1' Mill. : t f and L. hzl.:r qv!- j r 5' I ium bill. - t:/ji; '. Dl of F M T-plan:

I Ii 1530 Osv,zf, J :r- : i E N , I 1 (_ o b_(ote 153o .)- [. l:'? - I r'i e: ; I I Ti-

. GS ,,- .:.1- 3 ..- nltn r . !" n FA ---- t 4 i, z 1 -jtl I e

i I` .e - , ; .',I j a / ! W at

} I r, . , a ` !S t -0 1 aa-___iai i'rtii 't 1 w..` 0 .i/ Y ifaI-ea a fc 1

o 1 t c' aea e°° .e:i

1 : = ''J.'- . a .r 1

i -v I c° s'cr. T% 1 7 Fr( 0 ...... 0 0 1 I'---µi * w v

t 4 °sce` I t ., 1 f

94. Fir.; .11 'Distribution ofrifolium n*,edi:r?71 in Britain and Ireland t

Taken from "Atlas of the British Flora" ,prepared by the Botanical Society of the British Isles. Tech symbol on the map records the presenceof this species in a 1-ki1c ;ieirr square of the Ordnance SurveyNctior:al t hich was extended to cover Ireland for the purpose of this survey.

7RIFOLIUM ---rr -.`19-- 1 - :all i MEDIUM L c--;-- .r zigz: g C:avcr

VAll rrcores .- t et a t

1

.a It 4.:r,aF I r`_n 1 I

196 Y -__- ___._ l a r . a i Y' S

I ! :l4i 1 qr A : nY a: S r ae.,/ 1: e

f i r! u, 't, .t w ( . r Y c^' ' J fi XM1 :aic .r:r a Ye-i era `ti. __._N;t _ g Ik D____ _ r 'tl . art`"re A l:r rt 0: ^41 / ! n. `i^. ;t!a } -, r1. 'eon `^1 1Y'\ f 'r . fir. rt Y c. e I a v9 I- ''T 1 ::i ! -. r=te e.e.i1 c I:ra a _ __. a iPa

toc +_t woaofr 1 G.----_--'_ 1-' f1f1 i c s i fl I a

95. Fig. 12 Distribution of Sniranthes soiralis in Britain and Ireland

Taken from "Atlas of the British Floral,, prepared by theBotanical Society of the Bri.iish Isles . Each symbol on the map records the: presence of thisspecies in a 10-kilometre square of the Ordnance Survey Grid,hi h v as to cover Ireland for the purpose of this survey.

SPIR.9P77HF5 ST IR.LIS (L '%lerall.

1 .utur-:n t_a.dr's Tr -is,i o 1930 onwards o Escort 1930

n

.fT

.o 0o >

' I oo fl 1

{d ---- -v .' -r ` t J t"O 1 . i ° aY,.iae a o r\ t O I o0

2 o o o ; P I Ylh .pI a nc w.\n o G o° o

I I o frafVs Yr' 1..1 1 i ,,w I J 1 n ,.il. I TJ y° R LO t O G 1-G O

t. i f f tt

1 t 1 1 ' c l` 7 "Li I

i

96. Fig, ,13 .Jistribilt 'On of My-pc^:ricum, 10',-S in Britain and re1.and

Taken from "atlas of the British Flora", prepared by theBotanical Society of the British Isles . Each svmbci on the rnao records te or :sence of this srecies in a 10-kilometre square of the Ordnance Survey Nationoi Grid,which was extended to cover Ireland for the purpose of this survey.

1 HYPUdcu'll LT V I II rLLODUL t1 ti - 'I ?wr.h Sr.Jchn's Wort L iyL,:T)4 1 I v i 1971, Q -ds -I

1

I sc.r.) s {a I I ' I r

S i p \ `mar il; I 1 r I i I

----c L1° .t fib: , .r v I i 40 ! °O o._ . t yvhejf i/. r i i9. r, V. 1 . ry 1 ` % ! w .e .(r e 1 'a O 1 i .mot ; >> / I JntH ` ,

111 l.. it .J o Lt p(:y;,, ° d a . r ``r a w o n.. /' e . i o J I `ia e _.' ..'i' i aj

Y J .c cell 6 ...,ee.twG .ica.a

l '. r1 ' ' !

1

07. Fig. 14 Distribution of an usi:ifoll-a in Britainand ire'and

Taken from of t:, a British Flora" ,prepared by the Botanical Soci _:ty Of the British Isles. Each symbol on the map recordsthe presence of this species in a10-kilometre square of the OrdnanceSurvey National Grid, which wasexionded to cover Ireland for the purpose of this survey.

,PHA J CJSTI- Ir ; r.. 1 FCL:>'. t_

Lcssxr n.edrnace (i f Zs E I I slY3'r crwc.res .e o e!or^ 1430 - ti I . x InrrCU Liors L'f" r` aTf./ )/ I `'' r t f I_ti., _, i r;'!'',s,,=moo ZoT"i.I i i--+--' _._. !j 0 1 s r TT

' 1` 311 i '

a `' O r,o a I `

7. P Ir^ Q a YF a I ti . g.- __ _E _--_I

I Y_I I ' ' I c

I I J r o . rit :: e: ea fil

o3 i-ri oghVlltis in. Britain an'Ireland figIS I,ilstli})-t1c711 of -- -- - _------

Taken from "Atlas of the BritishFlora" , prepared by theBotanical Society of the British Isles. Each syr iboi on the map recordsthe presence of this species in a10-kilometre Square of the OrdnanceSurva,y N attional. Grid, which extended to cover Ireland for the purpcsa of this survey.

A I i r RANUNCULUS TRiCHO- PHYLt_US Chaix

o193C on',ards

° E (ore 1;30

7 b, o

l7' 7 , ebJp o (Ioc e\ , rye - r- i - %/ `- o o f .. E u° i! - r- o I o /5 CoE .'. ` oo y0° °' { 0 0 j o y o i ! i

i M1 D . 54 (1 Y 4 I i 6' 7 Y O ! O O° !! { 1 p'H l cau _. GJ Y aa.y _f o ! . -, 0 e : A--fo - - ; "'J'. - %.n. _ -_ vFe oiv.lrcr^t7 I ..r_l" DlDnw 1

I ,i 1

1

1 019. Fig, 16 Distribution of T..I:rlculal':i 1?laaris in Britain and Ireland

Taken from. "Atlas of the British Flora",prepared by the Botanical Society of the 'British Isles. Each symbol on the map ra cords the presence ofthis species in a 10-kiior:-Ietre square of the Ordnance Survey .National Grid, which was extendedto cover Ireland fcr the purpose of this survey.

r- s:2

UTRICUL!1^IA i j VUL.GAP.IS

U. v;, mrt L I 'r ,. -:. &U. rci!-Zto ` of I y 1 {

Lchr t. 1 -

;y . Grrzter . r, I Bjidderwcr - '? i 1930 onward: 1. l Before 1930 0

o cl I . r n- o h 1 s o 7i'

171 j ..ate. ` - r. o _ ` L _ r J 1.-: i t---.. a- -^

f(}F s,t >'h o_w 1J ° t k ti s r I oo w t '.h c

°t°° 1 ` f t ° o i[ I -/,

r t c or Or ° - 1 .onyOYf I I I ^1..; I , o t

-' t F D J F I !

1U). Fig. 1 7 Distribution of i ittorolla uniflora in Britain end Island

Taken from. "Atlas of the British Flora" ,prepared by the Botanical Society of the British-' Isles. Each syrnl)c'. on the-.-ap records the presence of thisspecies in a 10-kilometre square of the Ordnance Survey National Grid, which wasextended to cover Ireland for the purpose ofthis survey

i (

LITTOFEL.LA ! a 11 UNIFLORA (L) .'.schcrs. ..i ' _ r Vie' of Y".II Shore-weed `--ee.:`.al,e - '

i I 4 1 M or. «a,.;s c 3efc-e 19j4 t I I

1 r

:e : O ' a. a ,wa >

a -S e

$ o ° : s b o ° fth, si \ 1

rE _ 1.

t b 1 1 1 ., t J ' ,ww t I i UY/ uw a r / ! ea ° -!.', ' sq i

. O f ,

, o a 4 . f f i i '. , spa 1 . ,

e ..." Z2, rr y I 1 o 1 ` I t o ( ~ 111 1

101. 1 a

renunculoidcs in Britain and Ireland Fig. ;L D istribl3tionof 13 lldeilia 1

Taken from "Atlas of theBritish Flora" ,prepared by the Botanical Societyof the British isles .

1 Each}'rnhei C?1themap r cords the presenceof Chis species inn 10-kilo titre sgvarc of the C)dnanceSurvey i`Tational Gr..d, whichas extended to Cover 're and for the purpose of this survey.

BALDELLIA flt L NC- 1 ULOIDLS (L) Par 1.

4 Lc- scr I N,';ter.planrain wfF.- j 1930 cr, v rds e t j i I Nt I I II o fore 1930

r.L P;-0

e Lc . o - , 1 , y« ! ( - .?r-.;> sir. ; Y c! ; O 4

.5 JY! i O n Y

_-----c- ! ----,-f.e0 "` a o L %-"° sae o as : oo O as /'T 1 c .-Pat aceooo!v moo .!f^`:,-'ir s nac 0. r to cow tin c I as-- coia o ioo / O -.. ° a rte.. ° o o } > _ ', r I c^o a ---ry.F.S- SriR t:tf . Y O 1 G u__ -- 1 O ° ., G1 J f /Ya

1 J i OQ ! f 67 ! 1 1 1

I

1 . r

1

102. 1

Fig. 19 iiS'LTib LioIi oi: 1'C-`tom mC)C(0tor_ in BritaiI_ and Ireland

Taken from ";"!as of theBritish Flora" ,prepared by the Botanical Societyof the British isles. Each symbol on ;he map r.nor's tho presence of this speciesin a 1O-kilometre square of the OrdnanceSurveya1ona_i -rid, which wasextended to cover 1Tel::nd for purpose o'. -'f'

p7s]R"-_. 1II --I PGTAti0. F__1 J1

x.

' ' `I-1qtr-__._-.I s} tr iL t I / [ Fff

1 f I 7 PX, 11 \ .... c i a i S { Y n.a 9 Ig I I --: sL \,j 1

u \. f f i'r" c a o l 11 t .__ io \`\ oc . `, i rk c t t'r .i i

r

1

`a. fir- t: 4 P 'A6.\.Vr _ P f 4 , C t. r 1 o y

j \ 1 p ( /'vim /1 of __._._- 1` -i _ --`__-. c __ I

i

1 ' ,; 1 I I c

I

1

r 103. 1

Fig. 20 distribution of Po amofeton berchtoldiiin Britain and Ireland

Taken from "Atlas of the British Flora" ,prepared by theBotanical Society of the British Isles Each symbol on the map records the presenceof this species in a 10-kilometre square of the Ordnance SurveyNational Grid, which :vas to cover Ireland for the purpose of this survey.

4 i rOTA O- GerO ON BEI.CHTOLD11 ri,b. t:J. e Record: dc;. J. E. F Dandy and G.t:--t.-i T-- +r- Taylor i -l w ` t.i! i a'.. 1 cM c " J:t f. oJ y r ,. 1 ,

.m 1,. aJS.ri.at I -__ I L.r1 .111

i r' fA . i°roat4 1o-

r 1r 1 i '6a s _w - a

It r // I Ie i j . '-o.i 1JG> y a - - i . i rr .. i °w. to i 0 1 _ _.,_... r 0 I ° 1 . eere r' S h_;z.'.t'=r_i . a 2.-----`'- 111 I fee w i ° t f1/ 1 w 0 F I wi iw6 - t I YFi , 7, I e

.a to I r I ,---

1

].04. Fia . 21 Distribution of Po*amoc; Eton obtusifoliusin Britain and Ireland

Taken from "Atlas of the BritishFlora" ,prepared by the Sotanical Societyof the British Isles. 10-kilos :etre Each symbol on the map records :.} presencepte_ of thisspecies in a square, of the Crdr enccSurvey National Grid, which wasextended to cover Ireland for the purpose of this sur-.vey.

F O'rA t4 e- GETON OFTl1S;. FOLIt!S L Kc-J _et... E Ds.vr .. G. 6 .4 1cT1:- GYM:.' rz'w'49

I v``` S-ice-'' C I \_

.wii; < I i

. N I I I I r i

/ i L i ^ ! ! 0 rY I ` I C +.C 00 9:0 I i .r i

i ' .?Y D+ j o 1 i 1 _w J rY .L : I e . r .>i:r. r.r ,L- I i j L a. ul

-Lj l I TI

i 105. 1

Fig. 22 Distrihution o` St :rganiu-i emersi:rt inBritain and. Ireland

Taken from "Atlas of the BritishFlora" ,prepared by the Botanical Societyof the British Isles.

Each symbol on the ;nap recordsthe presence of t;:is species- in a10-kilometre which v as extended to cover sau:°re of the Ordnance S iI `1E}' National Grid., Ireland for the purpose of this survey.

t S1 ARG:.t1!rJF9 t PIEY.`.Uti ROwn. S.siic:Ga Hndc s r'.i; r.u r6; t__11

f s I

11 Y6 . ,. i . e e

1 yap ., r, f' , ;

...__ 1- t, j VO r I A9..o I se

Std:.ei !^:'`\ L t

tt be O . " t i

t! . ' rael ;. t .a i ..aaL I j i 1 j 1f c a--i

t t

105 1 Fig .23 Distribution of Snaraani.um minimum inBritain and Ireland

Takenfrom "Atlas of ti,e British Flora",prepared by the Botanical Society of the British isles. Each symbol on the p records thpresence of this species in a10-.`i ometre square of the Ordr_enceSurvey NatiOnal Grin, which wasextended to cover Ireland for the purpocse of tIil -, i:rvey.

SPl-nC-ANIUM MIF.i11UM

t S'o'al;r.

r, ardi .. V cam.- I f y-..v o Ptfarc 1133 r 1 ..k .a o _ i st I ( 1

is _' }JJJ' ` .... S ..-.----. --- t

C 1 FI c :.1 P f 1 4 °vare ." i VP c - d fCO I--.._. : Y t O l - e C. --'. - -mot t L 00 C l jt O

1 1 3 _.. ---- VU o fT O ' of o ' a o J' 0 OO O 1)1 ,.l 1i C' I OD 0

L I / 1 b 1 , 0 .'

1 - - ` I III --' -;-_- - f.

1

107. Fig. 24 Distribution of Elcoaiton fluitans in >vitain and Ireland

Taken from "Atlas of the British Flora", propared by theBotanical Society of the British Isles. Each symbol on the map records the presence of thisspecies in a i 0-kilometre square of the Orc:nonce Survey National Grid,:':lath -.% -,=asc :tendod to cov.,c, Ireland for the purpose of this survey.

L- 1 r+

', +'a .s fe lupus C.-V I I FL.UITANS, L --- °"+-'-- a ------iCo ..r7i L:ni (L.) lira 1

c, Pe'orr 1530 G s `o I j E P J r r ,,_.J G / { l _cr y r. ° f

w gas c .0 . ,^:

-. a ....------i------t -- .. o , ` I Y O4'C1: !e CG j t

L t R T U ._---lire"r. , I

0 o /r I lu O V O P P \ I ``

' '0 0 r`a I ,1 u ee 4 a 11 o C - -I! 4srT e o fee sQ `T'.., o "' - tae

C-C

1'iY O ® .,J g f-Y F _.. --rte-r .e

4.

108. le in Britain andIreland Fig . 25 Distribution of iiiric

by the BotanicalSociety of Taken from "Atlasof the BritishFlora" , prepared the BritishIsles . the- presence ofthis species in al0-kilometre Each symbol onthe map records as extended tocover square of there Ordnance Surveyi`aational Grid, which N': Ireland for the purposeof this survey.

MY6 CA GALE L. Bog Myrtle a a f c 1930 onwards r. lei"..::i: o before 1930

J ...... + ...

.121

<' : Y.a: 1.0.7 i

1 a t Fig. 26' Distribution of Rumexhydrolapathum in Britain and ireland

Taken from "Atlasof theBritish Flora",prepared by the Botanical Society of the British Isles. Each symbol on the -raprecords the presence of this speciesin a 10-kilometre square of the OrdnanceSurvey National Grid, which wasextended to cover Ireland for the purpose ofthis survey.

F

HYDRO- tAPATHUM S Y }L I 1ww

Water Dock 1 I -6 I C, ;jI records f! 4

- 3.. w t i s . r)", l,V 1

1 . T ~ 1, v .",.s e fir- 1 a e°::e n cel .a . ei e a s! .. . a . :_

I

1

.._ of _:;;t«------b v. .w"::"

t t i 4 !u `ae. iii

L_

' i0. Fig. 27 Distribution of Carex ripariain Britain and Ireland

Society of Taken from "Atlas ofthe British Flora" ,prepared by the Botanical the British Isles. Each symbol on themap records the presenceof this species in a 10-kilometre square of -the OrdnanceSurvey National Grid,which ,vas extended to cover Ireland for the purposeof this survey.

'eb' I r l S i : :: yt.G 1 . + .:.<.-...--

... atw c_

{ s r< i Y i I t

r C f i _

I

1 28 r istri'cutior: of Leuccium, cteS i _1:1 1]:1 Eir-itain and Ireland

Taken from "Atlas of the British Flora" ,prepared by the Botanical Society of the British -Isles Each symbol on the map records thepresence of this species in a l0-kilo:r,atre square of the Ordnance SurveyNational Grid, which .ti'as extended to cover Ireland for the purpose of this survey.

LEUCC1 UM AESTIVUid _L. Loddor- Lily.

vl: nes f I`Iztiv-. before 1930:° acrovconIndu

! o I

i

;j ( i c I

------

i v i o J ' I j 5.ir' : o J 1.1f.. i o f; i

1 I ' U I

I ,x r

, i f Wood qmma!ffa

Sr f c.CO of {i U.F!SIII_i'G_i . ,r 1208tij !. elhi,: CIA, fa LO UGH Deum&r 1906. 'AAr-_ 'vf D Aoo ap A'P J* 0 inrl i ool y ` ; i 11JTitiT \ JA, OyiFt. F`r t rL'r` t`r I+rrr .1.:L 1.i uYcFU, `-1 `ro11-j.___. ",4coW.g..w` -1:r\ I` .`__ ,n. SJ'i _ r-` i \J! .,:;..,, /. ..4. y !a ::fjQl `-_ ... T-_ i i' l .. W-` t,.,;;. fir;":, ,. l I I ..,:,, } G?,d '-+t y?`i/ 1._t .Z 1; - r :.) i 4 ) ,L..1t j i\ t . IIATl:1:: 4JIA'li1II - ' f % - - .a JU20'r y0."Dv' f 1 MAP W E 1 4 1) A, ill.s r l er I Uts PJ ^ 'fi' Scale: 1r i Nil L s L uT 6 inches to S i ll!Eilo

yl(` 1 Y` .79 .4, 0.1010 Y Y Yr., /.. 1 ,'Y-oCt 1Y M1I',9Y"rl a q Y . ;:'y J.'hri (r A..r i.), 1 il) 1 41'+'^nY' Y A - V A ,I+Y - T 4,Y ^I Y`: 1 11 ° rrl 4 VI C,O.n 1 YY YFrrn t r p Fn Yrr ltl,.T,A p TYA 1. r, N I .....' ?Ad 11. rY flr -1r I d , r1 9 Y . . r4 j ur 11 11 .. Y ':Yr1I V Y.y,,e Y, 4 w yP,.e l I Y: ,A4o t:Y P Y9 : 1 Y'0 4A w r1 r,9 \ 41 V IrP 1 , 1 n Cq y A P Y k C.. '11 Y A 4Y Y 11,,' Y 411 A 4r ,4.vy ; , / Yn Y` R1 Y fJ% Y '58 ii .f!!,A IJ `4iI lo 41) .r :to%, 1 `1 .r A '. Y Y 1.Y YA ) y41 YrYV" Yy 41 P,, r I4Yl>,,Y °gw 1 1 Y 4w 0.11 51 1 YY".rv Y Y^ , V,.I hl loop 9;yY ...Y A 9r1 Ir,li <0 , p9 Y ; YY tt, Y Y;p,1 j llY,drr .t A con 1,,,1 ll p\p r0 1' Y /'9A 4 4,4p` n" .Y` 1 Y Y 1 Y , ,'t +0 Y Yn 1YYpYA 1 4 Y,A , l rlIYIA:i 1 1 )Y 1 4f.. !rr ?I)O r..Ae... too I^l7(1lJA,^ Y99 n^,o h '`faYPpp4 w a I Y Y /' Y 17r \Fa T 1 aA^';1rCrn. / 1 1 YY - ) . o r1 n4 nil*. !II 4 e4^», " " P i YI 0 4 4./ 9,/ Y. 4 MI Y rYA Y )+- r % n 1Y 4 \ 1 4 "w ° 41 `,.,)1.-1Y)Y ...... o,A^)lr1Y fW 't )f `Y't. nYA 0'J0 1 h '4T 1p Q/` ,V Y o d 4; Y ' ' I 1 1 a t 1 \ Y /.' PY 14 BFI' ` I A 1 Y , 4' 3 ,.. 4 '^ 4`. /'olllr,.Y,41\1 y1\Y Y. 1nxlQl A; 9P"CJ , A 11 r.:'0 // 1 y3 Y+^ Y J , lay., " 1\J 1'1IN "Y y, ,r+1,h . ".ow `\1 i "i / k A aY `\r lhmg ,4),jJS \ Y 4Y 1 I,Y P">r , n4/# YT..,Y AY f/fir,u:J llrrirrglirlrr c,.i; i;:y1'a 4111 YIPS i /-\4YA4 l . 'i'riirily 1 Q LL a ', 0 A Y_ hY p1:;4 ., \ / "-tiy 1 , `l`f " 'u p,I _,Q 1\. A f Y1 Ik f7 Y.. 'tl oiJtio° 4 A1 .rY t:\1u 0 ~i, r lYr' e 41n hiv irr1{ Y Y r1" .Y a Y n,\ Y 1+r/Yr+ . Y; , . Y -I ki;': Igrl. y, - . } 4 . . . .;.. 1Y . . 1 .1 l 1 t.l,. a e.. r . } .. r ^ 0 :b'.....:..` Y o . .'.r. +j,, .(a lU ld r n J, 'y -. " . 1 .. 9 I1: Yf7 I ,, Y rl-\v ',t r, l1 Y ° !r,l ,4 ,r,Q.\F\ l Y . /.. / )/Y F ,\ 1 l .,. r. Art l I/,r9 .'. F /YI Ir11' r .,. 1 \.+ 1 Fr Y ^. 4 '' ..1 , F r + \ 4111 n 'w yr 4 F ja 1 ..a t is "r f'... ` ! 1 . rl } / ..- ) , A r, 4 rr .V v 4I Y M1 ^ r °.an A Y J...... ) U .:. r 4 149 ti.i .\r 4P/I . x .. ..' r F re 'r, t'1+ i ? ^^... , °I^° 4, , ,,.1 , , 1 , , IY!. Jam.PF . t,l 4. .-. 'Y 1 r+, 4, .° ( al. r " Y / Y 1 Y , r ' .Y 1 M11 . '; / I,YN 1 M1 4 ., . 1. I a +ny- 4 F `` r1 olitl h.1 .F. a a Y' Y Y a Y. 1. 1 1 4 Y 11 Itil1^ 1 F a 1f 1 . / YII . ' 1. F °ry l.9 \ y ` '4, vr F ^ i 1 Y \/ F,1 Y r ) 4 yki Y r 1., {nY,1 , . 1 " 1:. ^ i 1 `: n M1I a ' °I``Y F Y,/ Yir . 1 Y PI -.1" l ' 1 A, 1 "IP e,, A 1 - ° a .. lY: ^.P11 1 ,( ^ ' q l 9 ' Y} Y1 .r / , r .4 L : 1 ^ ,'Y r M1 Yil '. at .a aI` ( + err 4 1i!r;. , \p, 'r,IN .M1 C 'Yl .1..1 r L9.r, N: a y Yon 4to +1 . l t . 4 1Y1.r ' I ..Y" Y r !a , r ' F i

100.0 FT. S locality 6 83. l IAP S'H0`I ,`I ,!G] , Elit OF %3 ENTIFIC INTEREST -24 1 Scale: 6 Inches to 1 F u ;I *I 1 aM / a 7i r R r.. t I J

a..... '`"' y, \ r r/` +. i. 14;.1 d.' , ° , : - iii r, , ; i ^ I .. , ... . erurs. l ' ' .,200 , 10 t f't. ,L.'1 r li }r-';11' 1r vv.Ll' lf'ai!"i.uk I I 2 1 0 ! i,

s ... I .. , .Yl .,.am./wv.. - 1,r, f! nA r'Y I I )I Y '- . °ilflV'llrlrfllI` ^ I (vtt >S 1r 7t J C.fr wYL,4M 1 Ir .t \ 1 1 F 'i s _ 1 s =^\\ .Vrrr/lr h' \ - o'dhr'. rvu !,ir,v lR,.,,Lr I. 1 t \" 1a,.J;,. Lall,lu rt. '.'. 4 /l wu/I r \r ' r f' 1 A.ii 4 ,. i Lr 1 ,, v - Y ' - i55. r ,. / hour: A 3 !l,nnrnn. `!; I / :/. Y I ( Ile t Il 1,. .as, r "< s:.,.,.: -"f` } ;;; ./' .. Ir 1 N J , 1 nn b-I Iy I y 17wA,rd,.lltr F 1 i I1L B F ,gyp w. I 1'` /. 1 d (!, lli n1.r ._ ...;;- osLy I.M.n --I_} '' 11.7. III. \i.tl..k:/. l1 . I (;°:ri,'::i:.r 'tr: r \ r,. 1 r r( I'. / na fnh.11:3 rr _ .,r r tr ; rr Nnllgrrr' r I \ !4. \ \ 7 ` , :1 y / b J-' .{ I/ f.l''mn .J t.n 1 i r /`-r/ / ,T' / - /I jtuumulluu, ' , Ir ' t I 'Ai I C fi AA J I and«ar '.,._ / 8 r,.r ddl 17.rr 1 t , a ._ _ -.r e. \\ lhmrnr ,+ f J !J r1 f r.l \,\,f . hill t p Y ', t y Y R.' r 1+ . 11

1 S. /tom.

'r.trSir.

w a

/.;:

— — 'S - :' L: - --- I