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5%CHILDREN’S BILL OF RIGHTS DO YOU KNOW DO’S AND DON’TS A child is every person under the age of 18 years. Parents have the primary responsibility for the upbringing and development of the child. The State shall FOR FACING THESE respect and ensure the rights of the child. NATURAL DISASTERS ! • I have the Right to express my views freely, which should be taken seriously, and everyone has the Responsibility to listen to others. [Article-12,13] • I have the Right to good health care and everyone has the Responsibility to help others get basic health care and safe water. [Article- 24] • I have to Right to good education, and everyone has the Responsibility to encourage all children to go to school [Article- 28,29,23] • I have the Right to be loved and protected from harm and abuse, and everyone has the Responsibility to love and care for others. [Article-19] • I have the Right to be included whatever my abilities, and everyone has the Responsibility to respect others for their differences. [Article- 23] • I have the Right to be proud of my heritage and beliefs, and everyone has the Responsibility to respect the culture and belief of others. [Article- 29,30] • I have the Right to safe and comfortable home and everyone has the Responsibility to make sure all children have homes. [Article- 27] • I have the Right to make mistakes, and everyone has the Responsibility to accept we can learn from our mistakes. [Article- 28] • I have the Right to be well fed and everyone has the Responsibility to prevent people starving. [Article- 24] • I have the Right to a clean environment, and everyone has the Responsibility not to pollute it. [Article- 29] • I have the Right to live without violence (verbal, physical, emotional), and everyone has the Responsibility not to be violent to others. [Article- 28, 37] Acknowledgement • I have the Right to be protected from economic exploitation, and everyone has the We would like to acknowledge the contributiojn of Dr. K.N. Anandan, linguist, Kerala, Responsibility to ensure that no child is forced to work and is given a free and Sri. P. Dakshina Murthy, Rtd. Dy.director, Telugu Academy, Deepa Srinivasan, secure environment. [Article- 32, 34] Krithika Viswanath, K. Bhagya Lakshmi, R.V. Vyas, Ramamurthy Sarma, Roy Sinai who These rights and responsibilities are enshrined in the United Nations Convention on the 5% participated in our workshops and contributed in improving the quality of the text book. Rights of the Child, 1989. It contains all the rights which children and young people have Our outmost respects to Archeological Museum Dept, Govt. of Andhra Pradesh, Layout and all over the world. The Government of India signed this document in 1992. designers. We are also thankful to the photographers used in the book are taken from flickr, wikipedia or other internet sources. SOCIAL STUDIES !!!!" Class VII Editors Sri C.N. Subramanyam , Eklavya, M.P. Prof. G. Omkarnath, Dept. of Economics, University of Hyderabad. Prof. I. Laxmi, Dept.of History, Osmania University, Hyderabad. Prof. S. Padmaja, Dept.of Geography, Osmania University, Hyderabad. Dr. M.V. Srinivasan, Asst. Prof. Dr. K. Narayana Reddy, DESSH, NCERT, New Delhi. Asst.Prof. Dept.of Geography, Dr. M.V.S. V. Prasad, Asst. Prof. Osmania University, Hyderabad. DESSH, NCERT, New Delhi. Sri K. Suresh, Dr. C. Dayakar Reddy, Asso. Prof. Manchi Pustakam, Hyderabad. University College for Women, Sri Rammurthy Sharma, Koti, Hyderabad. Dept. of Education, Govt. of Punjab. Smt K. Bhagya Lakshmi, Sri Alex. M.George, Manchi Pustakam, Hyderabad. Eklavya, M.P. Text Book Development Committee Smt B. Seshu Kumari , Director, Sri B. Sudhakar , Director, S.C.E.R.T. A.P., Govt. Textbook Printing Press, Hyderabad. A.P., Hyderabad. Dr. N. Upendar Reddy , Professor & Head C&T Dept., S.C.E.R.T., A.P., Hyderabad. Published by Government of Andhra Pradesh, Hyderbad. Respect the Law Grow by Education " Get the Rights i Behave Humbly © Government of Andhra Pradesh, Hyderabad. New Edition First Published 2012 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means without the prior permission in writing of the publisher, nor be otherwise circulated in any form of binding or cover other than that in which it is published and without a similar condition including this condition being imposed on the subsequent purchaser. The copy right holder of this book is the Director of School Education, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh. We have used some photographs which are under creative common licence. They are acknowledge at the end of the book. This Book has been printed on 80 G.S.M. S.S. Map litho, Title Page 200 G.S.M. White Art Card Free Distribution by Government of Andhra Pradesh Printed in India at the Andhra Pradesh Govt. Text Book Press, Mint Compound, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh. ERROR: undefined OFFENDING COMMAND: get STACK: /0 -dictionary- 1 Reading Maps of 1 Different Kinds CHAPTER The world in which we live is so full of variety – mountains, hills, sea coasts, deserts, forests, snow covered regions.... Why is there so much variation? How does this affect the lives of people who live in those parts? To study and understand these questions we need to take the help of maps of different kinds. Some maps tell us about how high or low the places are, some tell us about how much it rains there or how hot or cold it gets there, some tell us about crops that grow there or the kinds of forests there are. By studying them we can know much about a place. Fig 1.1 Evergreen forest in Western Fig 1.2 Cocana Beach in Brazil ghats of Karnataka of South America Fig 1.3 An Oasis in the Sahara Fig 1.4 Ice covered continent of desert of Libya in Africa Antarctica Bring copies of School Atlas and see how many different kinds of maps are there. Make a list of maps you would like to read and understand. Last year we learnt to read some simple maps. This year we learn to read maps which show heights. But let us first revise what we learnt last year. & Hang a wall map of India in the class. Look at the map carefully and answer the following questions: i. Mehar went to Bhopal from Hyderabad. In which direction did she travel? ii. Ashok went to Chennai from Lucknow. In which direction did he travel? iii. Regina went to Bhubaneshwar from Mumbai. In which direction did she travel? iv. Weprechu went to Jaipur from Kohima. In which direction did he travel? & Make more such questions and ask each other. & Look at the symbols shown on the map. Now try to find out the boundary of Andhra Pradesh. Trace your finger over the entire length of the boundary. & Draw the symbol for boundary of a state and symbol for the boundary of India (international boundary) in your notebook. & Can you make a list of states which lie to the North, South, West of Andhra Pradesh? What lies to the East of the state? & In class VI you have also learnt to measure distances between places with the help of the ‘scale’ given in the map. Now try to find out the distance between Hyderabad and various state capitals like Jaipur, Imphal, Gandhinagar and Tiruvananthapuram. Symbols Point, Line, Area: We use symbols to show any physical object on the map. You have seen some of them in class VI. If we are asked to show Delhi in India map, we will mark a point ( ) and label it as Delhi. To show the river Manjeera, we draw a line ( ) along its course, for the Railway line we will draw a track line ( ) to represent it. In Andhra Pradesh map if we want to show the area of Medak or Hyderabad district, we demarcate its boundary and mark it with some colour or pattern, which is known as a real symbol. Thus all physical objects are shown on the map with the help of a point, line or an area symbol. & Look at a few maps in later chapters of this book and list out the objects in the given map in the following table: Point Symbol Line Symbol Area Symbol 1. Temple 1. River 1. Play ground 2. 2. 2. 3. 3. 3. 2 Diversity on the Earth Map-1 : States and Capitals Srinagar N Scale Shimla 1 centimeter = 200 kilometers Chandigarh Dehra Dun New Delhi Itanagar Gangtok Jaipur Dispur Lucknow Kohima Shillong Patna Imphal Gandhinagar Ranchi Agartala Bhopal Aizwal Kolkata Raipur Bhuvaneswar Mumbai Hyderabad Panaji Bangalore Index The extgernal boundaries of India Lakshadweep Chennai Boundaries of stagtes and India Andaman Nicobar Islands Thiruvananthapuram Capital of states Free Distribution by Govt. of A.P. Reading Maps of Different Kinds 3 Physical Maps You will find some maps in your atlas called ‘Physical Maps’. In these maps, you will usually find different parts of the land coloured in green, yellow or brown. Actually they show the variety of landforms (plains, mountains, plateaus, etc.) and depict the heights of places. How can we represent the heights of land on flat paper? Of course, we can make a drawing like the one below: Temple Nimpur As you can see this is a picture and not a map. Here the height of the hills hide what is behind them. A map has to show all places without hiding them. Can you think of a way in which we can draw a map of this place? One way in which we can show heights on maps is Fig 1.5 Drawing of “Nimpur” Village through the use of colour.

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