Remote Sensing of the Canadian Arctic
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Endangered Andean Cat Distribution Beyond the Andes in Patagonia
original contribution ANDRES NOVARO1,2, SUSAN WALKER2*, ROCIO PALACIOS1,3, SEBASTIAN DI MARTINO4, MARTIN MONTEVERDE5, SEBASTIAN CANADELL6, LORENA RIVAS1,2 AND DANIEL COSSIOS7 Endangered Andean cat distribution beyond the Andes in Patagonia The endangered Andean cat Leopardus jacobita was considered an endemic of the Andes at altitudes above 3,000 m, until it was discovered in the Andean foothills of central Argentina in 2004. We carried out surveys for Andean cats and sympatric small cats in the central Andean foothills and the adjacent Patagonian steppe, and found Andean cats outside the Andes at elevations as low as 650 m. We determined that Andean cats are widespread but rare in the northern Patagonian steppe, with a patchy distribution. Our findings suggest that the species’ distribution may follow that of its principal prey, the rock-dwelling mountain vizcacha. The Andean cat was previously believed to be distribution if it does indeed follow that of the endemic to the Andes above 3,000 m (Yensen mountain vizcacha. First, to avoid bias for par- & Seymour 2000), until an opportunistic pho- ticular habitats beyond the Andes we placed Fig. 1. Location of new records and un- tograph in 2004 produced the startling finding a 2 x 2 km grid over the area with ArcGIS. confirmed reports of Andean cats in Men- of two Andean cats at only 1,800 m, in the We selected 105 grid cells, using stratified doza and Neuquén provinces (black dots), Andean foothills of central Argentina (Sorli et random sampling to ensure broad geographic relative to previous known distribution in al. -
Climate, Tectonics, and the Morphology of the Andes
Climate, tectonics, and the morphology of the Andes David R. Montgomery Greg Balco Sean D. Willett Department of Geological Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle 98195-1310, USA ABSTRACT Large-scale topographic analyses show that hemisphere-scale climate variations are a ®rst-order control on the morphology of the Andes. Zonal atmospheric circulation in the Southern Hemisphere creates strong latitudinal precipitation gradients that, when incor- porated in a generalized index of erosion intensity, predict strong gradients in erosion rates both along and across the Andes. Cross-range asymmetry, width, hypsometry, and maximum elevation re¯ect gradients in both the erosion index and the relative dominance of ¯uvial, glacial, and tectonic processes, and show that major morphologic features cor- relate with climatic regimes. Latitudinal gradients in inferred crustal thickening and struc- tural shortening correspond to variations in predicted erosion potential, indicating that, like tectonics, nonuniform erosion due to large-scale climate patterns is a ®rst-order con- trol on the topographic evolution of the Andes. Keywords: geomorphology, erosion, tectonics, climate, Andes. INTRODUCTION we argue for the ®rst-order importance of earthquake cycle. Some studies have attribut- The presence or absence of mountain rang- large-scale climate zonations and resulting dif- ed local variations in structural, metamorphic, es at the global scale is determined by the lo- ferences in geomorphic processes to the mor- and geomorphic characteristics of the central cation and type of plate boundaries. Other fac- phology of mountain ranges. Andes to erosion (Gephart, 1994; Masek et al., tors become important in the evolution of 1994; Horton, 1999), but none has considered individual mountain systems. -
Why the Andes Matter
Sustainable Mountain Development RIO 2012 and beyond Why the Andes matter How the Andes contribute to sustainable development The Andes, covering a contiguous mountain region within Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Venezuela, occupy more than 2,500,000 km² and have The Andes, covering 33% of the area of the Ande- a population of about 85 million (45% of total country an countries, are vital for the livelihoods of the ma- populations), with the northern Andes as one of the most jority of the region’s population and the countries’ densely populated mountain regions in the world. At economies. However, increasing pressure, fuelled least a further 20 million people are also dependent on mountain resources and ecosystem services in the large by growing population numbers, changes in land cities along the Pacific coast of South America. use, unsustainable exploitation of resources, and climate change, could have far-reaching negati- The Andes play a vital part in national economies, ve impacts on ecosystem goods and services. To accounting for a significant proportion of the region’s achieve sustainable development, policy action is GDP, providing large agricultural areas, mineral resources, required regarding the protection of water resour- and water for agriculture, hydroelectricity (Figure 1), ces, responsible mining practices, adaptation to cli- domestic use, and some of the largest business centres in South America. However, some of the region’s poorest mate change and mechanisms to generate and use areas are also located in the mountains. knowledge for sound decision making. The region is highly diverse in terms of landscape, biodi- versity including agro-biodiversity, languages, peoples and cultures. -
Sunny Islands & Andes
SUNNY ISLANDS & ANDES FEATURING PANAMA CANAL TRANSIT aboard Marina SANTIAGO TO MIAMI • JANUARY 3–22, 2020 BOOK BY JUN 6, 2019 2-FOR-1 CRUISE FARES & FREE UNLIMITED INTERNET Featuring OLife Choice: INCLUDES ROUND-TRIP AIRFARE* PLUS, CHOICE OF 8 FREE SHORE EXCURSIONS**, OR FREE BEVERAGE PACKAGE***, OR $800 SHIPBOARD CREDIT ABOVE OFFERS ARE PER STATEROOM, BASED ON DOUBLE OCCUPANCY SPONSORED BY: FOLLOW GO NEXT TRAVEL: VOTED ONE OF THE WORLD'S BEST CRUISE LINES SUNNY ISLANDS & ANDES 18 NIGHTS ABOARD MARINA • JANUARY 3–22, 2020 SANTIAGO TO MIAMI FEATURING: COQUIMBO • LIMA • SALAVERRY • MANTA • FUERTE AMADOR PUERTO LIMÓN • ROATÁN • HARVEST CAYE • COSTA MAYA • COZUMEL 2-FOR-1 CRUISE FARES & FREE UNLIMITED INTERNET Featuring OLife Choice: INCLUDES ROUND-TRIP AIRFARE* PLUS, CHOICE OF 8 FREE SHORE EXCURSIONS**, OR FREE BEVERAGE PACKAGE***, OR $800 SHIPBOARD CREDIT ABOVE OFFERS ARE PER STATEROOM, BASED ON DOUBLE OCCUPANCY IF BOOKED BY JUNE 6, 2019 R1 PRSRT STD U.S. POSTAGE PAID 340-2 SunnyIslands &Andes R1 PERMIT #32322 Virginia Tech Alumni Association TWIN CITIES, MN Holtzman Alumni Center (0102) 901 Prices Fork Road Costa Maya, Mexico Blacksburg, Virginia 24061 Cover Image: DEAR ALUMNI AND FRIENDS, Explore a variety of cultural traditions, exotic landscapes, and historic archaeological sites cruising the western coast of South America, Central America, and the Caribbean. Arrive in Santiago de Chile, a city of dazzling skyscrapers surrounded by the snow-capped Andes, and travel to Coquimbo to bask in the comfortable desert climate. In vibrant Lima, enjoy baroque architecture or pay homage to pre-Columbian history at the ruins of Huaca Pucllana. -
Voyage Calendar
February 2016 March 2016 April 2016 May 2016 June 2016 July 2016 August 2016 September 2016 October 2016 November 2016 December 2016 January 2017 February 2017 March 2017 April 2017 May 2017 June & July 2017 Alluring Andes & Majestic Fjords Journey Through the Amazon Mayan Mystique Northwest Wonders Coastal Alaska Coastal Alaska Coastal Alaska Accent on Autumn Beacons of Beauty Celebrate the Sunshine Pacific Holidays Baja & The Riviera Amazon Exploration Patagonian Odyssey Southern Flair The Great Northwest Lima to Buenos Aires Rio de Janeiro to Miami Miami to Miami San Francisco to Vancouver Seattle to Seattle Seattle to Seattle Seattle to Seattle New York to Montreal New York to Montreal Miami to Miami Miami to Los Angeles Los Angeles to Los Angeles Miami to Rio de Janeiro Buenos Aires to Lima Miami to Miami San Francisco to Vancouver 21 days | February 7 22 days | March 11 10 days | April 2 10 days | May 10 7 days | June 9 7 days | July 8 7 days | August 4 12 days | September 18 10 days | October 12 12 days | November 5 16 days | December 22 10 days | January 7 23 days | February 2 22 days | March 7 10 days | April 14 11 days | May 10 Radiant Rhythms Atlantic Charms Majesty of Alaska Glacial Explorer Majestic Beauty Glaciers & Gardens Fall Medley Landmarks & Lighthouses Caribbean Charisma Panama Enchantment Ancient Legends Palms in Paradise Buenos Aires to Rio de Janeiro Miami to Miami Vancouver to Seattle Seattle to Seattle Seattle to Seattle Seattle to Vancouver Montreal to New York Montreal to Miami Miami to Miami Los Angeles to -
Trans-Andean Passage of Migrating Arctic Terns Over Patagonia
Duffy et al.: Arctic Tern migration over Patagonia 155 TRANS-ANDEAN PASSAGE OF MIGRATING ARCTIC TERNS OVER PATAGONIA DAVID CAMERON DUFFY1, ALY MCKNIGHT2 & DAVID B. IRONS2 1Pacific Cooperative Studies Unit, Department of Botany, University of Hawaii, 3190 Maile Way, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA ([email protected]) 21011 E. Tudor Rd. Migratory Bird Management, US Fish and Wildlife Service, Anchorage, AK 99503, USA Received 19 April 2013; accepted 17 June 2013 SUMMARY DUFFY, D.C., MCKNIGHT, A. & IRONS, D.B. 2013. Trans-Andean passage of migrating Arctic Terns over Patagonia. Marine Ornithology 41: 155–159. We assessed migration routes of Arctic Terns Sterna paradisaea breeding in Prince William Sound, Alaska, by deploying geolocator tags on 20 individuals in June 2007, recovering six upon their return in 2008 and 2009. The terns migrated south along the North and South American coastlines. As they neared the southern end of the Humboldt Current upwelling off Chile, they stopped their over-water migration and turned eastward, crossing the Andes to reach rich foraging areas in the South Atlantic Ocean off the coast of Argentina. Challenging sea and weather conditions, rather than paucity of food, likely deterred further movement south along the Chilean coast. Key words: Alaska, Arctic Tern, Andes, Argentina, Chile, geolocation, Humboldt Current, migration, Patagonia, Sterna paradisaea INTRODUCTION the tags’ view of the horizon and displaced positions calculated during the crossing, we defined the crossing distance as the distance Arctic Terns Sterna paradisaea have the longest known migration between the last Pacific point and the first Atlantic point, ignoring of any bird species, from the Arctic to the Antarctic, covering up intermediate points occurring on land. -
Mathematics and Accounting in the Andes Before and After the Spanish Conquest
Mathematics and Accounting in the Andes Before and After the Spanish Conquest The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Urton, Gary. 2012. Mathematics and Accounting in the Andes Before and After the Spanish Conquest. In Alternative Forms of Knowing (in) Mathematics, ed. Swapna Mukhopadhyay and Wolff-Michael Roth, 17-32. Rotterdam: Sense Publishers. Published Version doi:10.1007/978-94-6091-921-3_2 Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:33702051 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Open Access Policy Articles, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#OAP GARY URTON 5. MATHEMATICS AND ACCOUNTING IN THE ANDES BEFORE AND AFTER THE SPANISH CONQUEST In an article entitled “Western mathematics: The secret weapon of cultural imperi- alism,” Bishop (1990) argues that Western European colonizing societies of the 15th to 19th centuries were especially effective in imposing on subordinate popula- tions the values of rationalism and “objectivism” – defined as a way of conceiving of the world as composed of discrete objects that could be abstracted from their contexts – primarily through “mathematico-technological cultural force” embedded in institutions relating to accounting, trade, administration, and education (Bishop, 1990). Thus, mathematics with its clear rationalism, and cold logic, its precision, its so- called ‘objective’ facts (seemingly culture and value free), its lack of human frailty, its power to predict and to control, its encouragement to challenge and to question, and its thrust towards yet more secure knowledge, was a most powerful weapon indeed. -
Transforming Rural Healthcare in the Andes Mountains with OEC C-Arms a 1,000-Square-Foot Medical Clinic in the Andes Mountains Is Transforming Rural Healthcare
“Our mission will continue to be providing attentive, high-quality healthcare while treating our patients with dignity and respect using the best technology available.” Guido said. “That is what they need.” What’s going on outside Europe? Transforming rural healthcare in the Andes Mountains with OEC C-arms A 1,000-square-foot medical clinic in the Andes Mountains is transforming rural healthcare. In the mountains of Peru, a husband and wife run a Quechuan-speaking center where patients pay what they can and are never turned away due to a lack of resources. Copyright Shutterstock(#153741113) What’s going on outside Europe? Travel with OEC C-arms in the Andes Mountains! | OEC Magazine 39 High in the sky between the peaks of that nearly 60% of the indigenous Guido left Peru to attend school in the Peru’s Andes Mountains lies a Peruvian communities do not have United States, where he served as a picturesque 70-mile stretch of land access to a healthcare facility.1 Those Peace Corps Director and U.S. Foreign called the Sacred Valley. Running that do often struggle communicating Service Officer. But after retiring in between Cusco and Machu Picchu, with healthcare providers, many of 2005, Guido and his wife Sandy – who this fertile valley was once highly whom speak Spanish but not once served as a member of the prized by the Incas thanks to its rich Quechua, an officially recognized Peace Corps in the Sacred Valley – soil and moderate climate. language in Peru.2 decided they wanted to address the healthcare challenges in Guido’s Today the valley is still home to the Guido Del Prado was raised in Coya, a hometown, so they returned to Coya Indigenous Quechua, a rural Sacred Valley province located an and opened a medical clinic called population that continues to subsist hour outside of Cusco. -
Glacier and Permafrost Effects As Related to Climate Change
Chapter 9 Natural Hazards in Forests: Glacier and Permafrost Effects as Related to Climate Change Wilfried Haeberli1 and C.R. Burn2 1Department of Geography, University of Zurich, Switzerland 2Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada Atmospheric warming is predicted to be greater in polar regions than at lower latitudes and more pronounced at high altitudes than in lowlands. In polar regions, air and ground warming may lead to a more northerly exten- sion of the boreal forest, as growing seasons lengthen and become warmer. Near-surface permafrost degradation will probably accompany such an evolution in environmental conditions. In some cases slope movement may be catastrophic, but in most instances the settlement is expected to be slow, and the water released by melting ground ice will evaporate. Subpolar forests in permafrost regions are primarily used for firewood and rough lumber, but not construction-grade materials. This is unlikely to change because long- term ground instability, relatively cold soil temperatures, depletion of nutrients in the active layer, and restriction of root systems to the active layer all limit tree growth. Extensive forest fires, usually initiated by lightning after a week or two of hot weather, also deplete timber stocks. There have been suggestions that wildfire may increase following climate warming. Meltwater runoff from glaciated and perennially frozen areas represents only a small portion of the annual water supply, but strongly influences stream flow in lowlands during the warm/dry season. The disappearance of perennial ice above and below the earth surface influences the seasonality of discharge by reducing meltwater production in the warm season and by increasing the permeability of frozen/thawing materials. -
Sustainable Mountain Development in the Andes from Rio 1992 to Rio 2012 and Beyond
Regional Report Sustainable Mountain Development in the Andes From Rio 1992 to Rio 2012 and beyond 2012 20 years of Sustainable Mountain Development in the Andes ‐ from Rio 1992 to 2012 and beyond ‐ Final version May 2012 Editors: Christian Devenish Cecilia Gianella Revision: Bert de Bievre Calle Mayorazgo 217 San Borja, Lima 41‐Perú Teléfono: +511 618‐9400 ∙ Fax: +511 618‐9415 [email protected] ∙ www.condesan.org 20 years of Sustainable Mountain Development in the Andes ‐‐ Final version 2012 20 years of Sustainable Mountain Development in the Andes ‐ from Rio 1992 to 2012 and beyond Final version Editors: Christian Devenish Cecilia Gianella Revision: Bert De Bievre Consorcio para el Desarrollo Sostenible de la Ecorregión Andina ‐ CONDESAN Calle Mayorazgo 217 San Borja Lima, Peru Tel. +51 1 6189400 Email: [email protected] 2012 Case study information contributed by: Andrés Felipe Betancourth ‐ CONDESAN, Tatiana Castillo ‐ Grupo Randi Randi, Magda Choquevilca ‐ Agrobiodiversidad ‐ Jujuy, Ximena Contreras Fernández ‐ Chile Sustentable, Alfredo Durán ‐ Centro Agua / UMSS, Antenor Florindez ‐ Instituto Cuencas, Carla Gavilanes ‐ GIZ, Ana González ‐ GIZ, Sara Larrain Ruiz Tagle ‐ Chile Sustentable, Luís Daniel Llambí ‐ Universidad de los Andes, Julio Martinez ‐ UGICH‐Jujuy, Susan V. Poats ‐ Grupo Randi Randi, Felipe Rubio Torgler ‐ Fundación Humedalas, Segundo Sánchez ‐ RENAMA‐Cajamarca, Marco Sotomayor ‐ Proyecto Masal, Cristián Villarroel Novoa ‐ Chile Sustentable Additional information and contributions to the report: Dora Arévalo -
The Andes Human Rights” Project, by Coletta A
WOLA Drug War Monitor DECEMBER 2002 A WOLA BRIEFING SERIES Collateral Damage: A publication of WOLA’s “Drugs, Democracy and U.S. Drug Control in the Andes Human Rights” project, by Coletta A. Youngers which examines the impact of drug traffick- nternational drug trafficking poses real dangers to countries throughout the ing and U.S. international Western Hemisphere. In the Andes, it breeds criminality and exacerbates political drug control policies on Iviolence, greatly increasing problems of citizen security. It has corrupted and human rights and further weakened local governments, judiciaries, and police forces, and weakens the democratization trends social fabric, particularly in poor urban areas where both drug abuse and drug-related throughout Latin violence are rampant. Illicit drug abuse – a minor problem in Latin America a decade America and the ago – has reached epidemic proportions in cities such as Caracas, Medellín and Lima. Caribbean The physical and moral damage to individuals, communities and societies of the illicit drug trade is creating new challenges for Andean societies, already struggling to overcome endemic poverty and injustice. THE ANDES As the world’s largest consumer of illicit drugs, the United States also confronts a multitude of problems stemming from illicit drug abuse and drug-related violence. The policy response developed in Washington, however, is largely driven by domestic political considerations and a desire to be “tough” in combating the illegal drug trade; hence, the drug war rhetoric that prevails today. Through its diplomatic and economic leverage, the United States has, to a large extent, dictated the policies adopted by the Andean governments, often over the objections of both local governments and important segments of civil society, and at times draining scarce resources from other national priorities. -
Plate Boundaries It Is Apparent That Most of What We Observe on The
Plate Boundaries It is apparent that most of what we observe on the surface of the earth and at shallow depth is related in some way to plate tectonics. The beaches along the eastern margin of North America are the result of the weathering, erosion, and breakdown of a huge mountain range (the Appalachian Mountains) over the last 300 million years. The Appalachians were formed during the collision of continents to form a mega continent called Pangaea. The volcanic mountains that form the western margin of North America are the result of subduction of oceanic crust under continental crust. The subduction results in frictional heating and partial melting of material being dragged down into the mantle. Practically all of the major processes that occur on the surface of the earth are related to plate tectonics. Earthquakes, volcanism, and mountain building are three of the most spectacular earth processes related to tectonic activity, however many other processes like metamorphism, sedimentary rock formation, among others are related directly or indirectly to plate tectonics. There are three types of plate boundaries. They are divergent, convergent and oblique slip (transform). Each boundary type has its own characteristic geologic features and processes, by which it can be identified even millions of years after it has been active. It is clear that the area around the Appalachian Mountains was once a subduction zone even though it has not been active for the last 250 million years. Pacific Ring of Fire The Pacific Ring of Fire (or just The Ring of Fire) is an area where large numbers of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions occur in the basin of the Pacific Ocean.