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In What Sense Is Mary a Type of the Church? Using Two Models to Illuminate Some Developments in Twentieth Century Roman Catholic Mario-Ecclesiology

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In What Sense Is Mary a Type of the Church? Using Two Models to Illuminate Some Developments in Twentieth Century Roman Catholic Mario-Ecclesiology In what sense is Mary a type of the Church? Using two models to illuminate some developments in twentieth century Roman Catholic Mario-ecclesiology. Submitted by Sean Willis to the University of Exeter As a thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Theology in August 2013 This thesis is available for Library use on the understanding that it is copyright material and that no quotation from the thesis may be published without proper acknowledgement. I certify that all material in this thesis which is not my own work has been identified and that no material has previously been submitted and approved for the award of a degree by this or any other University. Signature:_______________________________________________________ 1 Abstract This thesis has two aims. Firstly, in order to answer the question, ‘In what sense do people see Mary as a type of the Church?’, this thesis will set up original typological models of the relationship between Mary and the Church (chapter 1). It will then demonstrate how and why an eschatological element came to be present in these models (chapter 2).It will be a contention of this thesis that looking at the Mario-ecclesial discussions set out in chapters 3 and 4 through these typological models will allow a greater depth of analysis. The models allow one to discern differences between and nuances in various views of the relationship between Mary and the Church that would be impossible to discern if one were using just the language of ‘type’. Secondly the thesis will show how each Mario-ecclesial discussion has been affected by the socio-political context of the time. Specifically, the thesis will analyse the Mario-ecclesial discussions of the patristic, medieval and modern periods in the light of the typological models. In chapter 1, the patristic Mario-ecclesiologies of Irenaeus and Ambrose will be considered. In chapter 2, Bernard of Clairvaux will be used to analyse the eschatological nature of the Mario-ecclesiology in the medieval period. In chapter 3, the contrasting Mario-ecclesiologies of the Second Vatican Council and Hans Urs von Balthasar will be compared. In chapter 4, it will be suggested that John Paul’s model of the Mario-ecclesial relationship was based on his eschatological vision for the Church and the role that Mary plays in that future which is both imminent and already realised. 2 This thesis will demonstrate that by using the typological models in these periods a greater depth of analysis can be achieved. This will be particularly true of the complex and nuanced discussions on Mary in the Roman Catholic Church in the twentieth century. This analysis will culminate in the particular Mariology of John Paul II. 3 Contents Abstract .............................................................................................................. 2 Contents ............................................................................................................. 4 Introduction......................................................................................................... 9 What is the aim of this thesis? ........................................................................ 9 What will this thesis cover? ........................................................................... 12 What is meant by type? ................................................................................ 21 Types of type. ............................................................................................... 24 Mary and the Maternal Femininity ................................................................. 29 Conclusion .................................................................................................... 32 Chapter 1: Patristic Models of Mario-ecclesiology ............................................ 33 Genetrix ........................................................................................................ 34 Recapitulation ........................................................................................... 34 St Paul and the Adam-Christ relationship. ................................................. 38 Irenaeus and the Adam-Christ relationship. .............................................. 43 Irenaeus and the Eve-Mary relationship .................................................... 51 Social Recapitulation ................................................................................. 57 Genetrix – An Irenaean Mario-ecclesiology? ............................................. 63 Exemplar ....................................................................................................... 69 Ambrose: Mary as ‘Virgin of Virgins’ ......................................................... 71 Ambrose and Irenaeus .............................................................................. 80 A submissive virgin?.................................................................................. 86 4 Conclusion .................................................................................................... 91 Chapter 2: Mary in Medieval Eschatology ........................................................ 92 Bernard, Mary and the Church ...................................................................... 94 Bernard and the Church ............................................................................ 95 Bernard and Mary ................................................................................... 100 The Church’s View of Itself ...................................................................... 113 Mary, the Church and the end .................................................................... 115 Bernard on the end ................................................................................. 115 The No-Longer Spotless Church ............................................................. 119 Millennialism ............................................................................................ 122 Mary and the end .................................................................................... 128 Mario-ecclesial eschatology ........................................................................ 138 Chapter 3: Mary and the Church in the twentieth century .............................. 144 Von Balthasar and Vatican II: Contextual Significance ............................... 146 Mary, the Church and the Second Vatican Council. ................................... 151 Towards the Council ............................................................................... 151 A New Pentecost? The Council ............................................................... 159 Lumen Gentium: Schemas on Mary and the Church .............................. 162 The Second Session: September 29th – December 4th 1963 .................. 162 Intersession – January – September 1964 .............................................. 170 The Third Session: September 14th – November 21st 1964 .................... 172 Von Balthasar and the Marian Profile of the Church ................................... 183 5 Mary in Revelation .................................................................................. 184 Mary, Faith and Surrender ...................................................................... 189 The Marian Profile of the Church. ........................................................... 194 The Johannine Profile ............................................................................. 204 Von Balthasar and the Mario-ecclesial relationship ................................. 207 Conciliar not Conciliatory: The comparative Mario-ecclesiologies of Vatican II and Von Balthasar ...................................................................................... 208 The Different Ecclesiological Interpretations of the Post-Conciliar Environment. ........................................................................................... 209 The Church and the Constellation: Conciliar, Not Conciliatory ................ 213 Mary: Consumed by the Church? ............................................................... 221 Conclusion .................................................................................................. 230 Chapter 4: John Paul as a Case Study .......................................................... 232 Karol Wojtyła and Marian Devotion 1920-1962 ........................................... 235 Mary and Poland ..................................................................................... 236 Mary as a surrogate mother. ................................................................... 239 Mary’s gift of self ..................................................................................... 243 Wojtyła and the Communist state. ........................................................... 246 Wojtyła and the Second Vatican Council 1962-65 ...................................... 250 Wojtyła at the Council.............................................................................. 251 Wojtyła after the Council: Gratitude and Implementation ........................ 262 John Paul II and Communism: 1978-1989 .................................................. 266 Mary and Poland ..................................................................................... 267 6 John Paul II, Mary and Poland ................................................................ 268 Mary as the genetrix of a new Poland ..................................................... 273 John Paul and Catholic Social Teaching: The
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