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ESTIMATED WORLD REQUIREMENTS OF NARCOTIC DRUGS IN GRAMS FOR 2016 (May update )

Afghanistan 10 50 000 10 000 1 000 000 100 5 000 10 000 Fentanyl 6 6 000 20 000 10 4 000 10 80 000 Methadone 40 000 Pholcodine 50 000 Morphine 880 000 Albania 10 Codeine 70 500 Normethadone 10 Fentanyl 180 10 Methadone 8 000 10 Morphine 5 500 29 000 Oxycodone 2 000 300 Pethidine 2 500 Pethidine 40 000 Pholcodine 1 300 Phenoperidine 10 8 Pholcodine 10 1 10 Algeria Remifentanil 2 300 350 Sufentanil 10 Codeine 1 000 000 Thebacon 10 Etorphine 1 45 000 Fentanyl 500 10 Morphine 9 000 Armenia Pethidine 3 000 Codeine 3 000 Pholcodine 1 500 000 Fentanyl 35 Remifentanil 1 Methadone 12 000 Sufentanil 30 Morphine 6 000 Andorra Thebaine 15 Cannabis 1 500 Trimeperidine 1 200 Fentanyl 80 Aruba* Methadone 1 000 Alfentanil 3 Morphine 500 1 Oxycodone 1 500 Cocaine 70 Pethidine 500 Codeine 85 Remifentanil 4 1 Angola* Dextropropoxyphene 85 Alfentanil 1 Fentanyl 130 Codeine 22 500 Hydrocodone 2 Dextromoramide 188 Methadone 150 188 Morphine 540 Fentanyl 23 Opium 450 Morphine 15 000 Oxycodone 126 Pethidine 20 000 Pethidine 404 Sufentanil 1 Piritramide 74 Anguilla Remifentanil 19 Codeine 500 Ascension Island Fentanyl 1 Alfentanil 1 Morphine 20 Fentanyl 1 Pethidine 300 Morphine 1 Antigua and Barbuda* Pethidine 5 Cocaine 9 Australia Codeine 169 Alfentanil 650 Dihydrocodeine 15 Beta-Hydroxyfentanyl 3 Diphenoxylate 28 Cannabis 10 000 Fentanyl 1 Cocaine 12 000 Morphine 6 Codeine 5 720 000 Oxycodone 2 Codeine-N-oxide 3 Pethidine 338 Conc. of poppy straw Remifentanil 1 AMA 53 604 000 Sufentanil 1 AOA 5 500 000 Argentina ATA 49 245 000 Alfentanil 10 Dextropropoxyphene 350 000 Alphaprodine 10 Dihydrocodeine 250 000 10 Diphenoxylate 40 000 Bezitramide 10 Etorphine 3 Cannabis 50 Fentanyl 45 000 Cannabis resin 20 Heroin 1 Coca leaf 100 Hydrocodone 60 Cocaine 120 Hydromorphone 85 000 Codeine 40 000 Levorphanol 1 Dextromoramide 10 Methadone 1 100 000 Dextropropoxyphene 900 000 Morphine 850 000 Difenoxin 10 Morphine-N-oxide 3 Dihydrocodeine 10 Norcodeine 3 Diphenoxylate 10 Normorphine 3 10 Oxycodone 3 700 000 Ecgonine 1 Oxycodone-N-oxide 3 10 Oxymorphone 2 000 - 1 -

ESTIMATED WORLD REQUIREMENTS OF NARCOTIC DRUGS IN GRAMS FOR 2016 (May update )

Pethidine 60 000 Codeine 90 000 Pholcodine 1 900 000 Dihydrocodeine 900 Remifentanil 1 000 Fentanyl 25 Sufentanil 5 Heroin 1 Austria Hydromorphone 3 Alfentanil 450 Methadone 248 Cannabis 50 000 Morphine 4 737 Cocaine 2 200 Pethidine 6 567 Codeine 500 000 Remifentanil 125 Codeine-N-oxide 70 Sufentanil 1 Dextropropoxyphene 150 Belarus Dihydrocodeine 650 000 Alfentanil 1 Diphenoxylate 40 Alphaprodine 1 Ecgonine 1 Cocaine 100 Ethylmorphine 50 Codeine 800 000 Etorphine 5 Dextromoramide 1 Fentanyl 50 000 Dextropropoxyphene 1 000 Heroin 5 Dipipanone 1 Hydrocodone 10 Ecgonine 1 Hydromorphone 150 000 Ethylmorphine 50 Methadone 110 000 Etorphine 1 Morphine 2 200 000 Fentanyl 1 200 Morphine-N-oxide 15 Heroin 1 Nicomorphine 2 000 Hydromorphone 3 000 Opium 16 000 Methadone 22 000 Oripavine 100 Morphine 8 000 Oxycodone 320 000 Norcodeine 1 Oxymorphone 100 Normorphine 1 Pethidine 20 000 Oxycodone 1 Piritramide 22 000 Oxymorphone 1 Remifentanil 4 500 Pethidine 1 Sufentanil 600 Remifentanil 1 Thebaine 110 Sufentanil 2 Tilidine 100 Thebaine 1 Azerbaijan Trimeperidine 30 000 Codeine 2 000 Belgium Fentanyl 25 AH-7921 1 Methadone 6 000 Alfentanil 400 Morphine 3 400 Cannabis 33 000 Thebaine 29 Cocaine 11 000 Trimeperidine 2 400 Codeine 3 950 000 Bahamas Codeine-N-oxide 30 Alfentanil 1 Ecgonine 2 Cannabis 4 Ethylmorphine 132 000 Cannabis resin 4 Etorphine 5 Cocaine 4 Fentanyl 600 000 Codeine 2 000 Heroin 1 500 Dextropropoxyphene 2 800 Hydrocodone 501 Dihydrocodeine 1 Hydromorphone 20 000 Fentanyl 300 Methadone 150 000 Heroin 1 Morphine 140 000 Hydrocodone 1 Morphine-N-oxide 30 Hydromorphone 150 Opium 12 000 Methadone 1 Oripavine 10 Morphine 1 000 Oxycodone 270 000 Opium 4 Pethidine 40 000 Oxycodone 1 300 Pholcodine 50 000 Oxymorphone 1 Piritramide 20 000 Pethidine 10 000 Remifentanil 40 200 Sufentanil 2 Sufentanil 1 200 Thebaine 1 Thebaine 5 Tilidine 1 Tilidine 2 200 000 Bahrain Belize Alfentanil 1 Cocaine 100 Codeine 8 000 Codeine 10 000 Etorphine 3 Dextropropoxyphene 4 000 Fentanyl 40 Dihydrocodeine 50 Methadone 70 Diphenoxylate 50 Morphine 5 000 Fentanyl 25 Oxycodone 2 156 Hydrocodone 100 Pethidine 12 000 Hydromorphone 100 Remifentanil 450 Methadone 1 000 Bangladesh* Morphine 4 000 Fentanyl 600 Oxycodone 250 Methadone 11 250 Pethidine 4 200 Morphine 100 000 Benin Oxymorphone 75 000 Codeine 2 000 Pethidine 395 000 Fentanyl 500 Barbados Morphine 1 000 Cocaine 98 Pethidine 5 000 - 2 -

ESTIMATED WORLD REQUIREMENTS OF NARCOTIC DRUGS IN GRAMS FOR 2016 (May update )

Remifentanil 1 Hydromorphone 14 494 Sufentanil 1 Methadone 147 082 Bermuda Morphine 2 596 470 Alfentanil 10 Norcodeine 2 Cannabis 2 Opium 221 000 Cannabis resin 1 Oxycodone 130 093 Cocaine 200 Pethidine 533 938 Codeine 5 000 Remifentanil 3 821 Dextromoramide 15 Sufentanil 41 Dextropropoxyphene 1 Thebaine 5 000 Dihydrocodeine 2 000 British Virgin Islands Diphenoxylate 150 Codeine 104 Dipipanone 1 Dihydrocodeine 90 Etorphine 5 Diphenoxylate 15 Fentanyl 60 Fentanyl 10 Heroin 1 Morphine 130 Hydrocodone 15 Oxycodone 200 Hydromorphone 150 Pethidine 800 Methadone 4 000 Brunei Darussalam Morphine 1 500 Alfentanil 2 Oxycodone 850 Cocaine 1 Oxymorphone 1 Codeine 7 000 Pethidine 3 000 Dihydrocodeine 1 500 Pholcodine 100 Fentanyl 45 Remifentanil 20 Heroin 1 Bhutan Morphine 1 500 Codeine 2 000 Oxycodone 200 Etorphine 1 Pethidine 1 725 Fentanyl 3 Pholcodine 1 500 Morphine 1 215 Remifentanil 3 Pethidine 2 500 Bulgaria Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Alfentanil 10 Codeine 370 000 Cocaine 1 Fentanyl 266 Codeine 2 000 000 Methadone 900 Codeine-N-oxide 2 Morphine 6 780 Dextromoramide 1 Oxycodone 4 847 Dextropropoxyphene 500 Pethidine 17 400 Dihydrocodeine 30 000 Remifentanil 175 Ecgonine 2 Bosnia and Herzegovina Ethylmorphine 10 000 AH-7921 1 Fentanyl 600 Alfentanil 30 Heroin 1 Cannabis 3 Hydrocodone 1 Cannabis resin 3 Hydromorphone 1 Cocaine 3 5 Codeine 1 615 Methadone 150 000 Ecgonine 1 Morphine 70 000 Fentanyl 1 128 Morphine-N-oxide 2 Heroin 3 Normorphine 1 Methadone 25 823 Opium 10 Morphine 7 094 Oxycodone 35 000 Pethidine 550 Oxymorphone 1 Pholcodine 21 388 Pethidine 25 000 Remifentanil 30 Piritramide 1 000 Sufentanil 5 Remifentanil 10 Thebaine 1 Sufentanil 10 Botswana Tilidine 30 000 Alfentanil 9 Burkina Faso Codeine 18 000 Fentanyl 8 Dihydrocodeine 1 000 Morphine 1 141 Etorphine 20 Oxycodone 4 Fentanyl 7 Sufentanil 1 Hydromorphone 1 000 Burundi Morphine 10 000 Codeine 100 250 Oxycodone 400 Fentanyl 36 Pethidine 40 000 Morphine 2 820 Remifentanil 1 Pethidine 23 269 Sufentanil 3 Cabo Verde* Tilidine 300 Alfentanil 1 Brazil Cannabis 2 Alfentanil 2 472 Cannabis resin 1 Alphaprodine 1 Cocaine 1 Anileridine 1 Codeine 40 Bezitramide 1 Fentanyl 6 Cannabis 2 620 Heroin 1 Cocaine 34 Methadone 6 Codeine 6 609 606 Morphine 250 Dextropropoxyphene 50 Pethidine 250 Diphenoxylate 1 000 Cambodia Fentanyl 6 000 Codeine 305 000 - 3 -

ESTIMATED WORLD REQUIREMENTS OF NARCOTIC DRUGS IN GRAMS FOR 2016 (May update )

Fentanyl 50 Hydromorphone 70 Methadone 15 000 Methadone 35 Morphine 10 000 Morphine 500 Oxycodone 3 000 Oxycodone 875 Pethidine 500 Oxymorphone 250 Cameroon Pethidine 2 225 Codeine 42 000 Remifentanil 4 Fentanyl 12 Central African Republic* Morphine 8 000 Codeine 15 000 Pethidine 14 000 Fentanyl 3 Pholcodine 4 000 Methadone 1 500 Canada Morphine 6 000 3-Methylfentanyl 20 Pethidine 4 000 3-Methylthiofentanyl 20 Chad Acetyl-alpha-methylfentanyl 10 Codeine 35 Acetylmethadol 10 Fentanyl 61 Alfentanil 300 Morphine 160 Allylprodine 20 Normethadone 1 Alphamethadol 4 Chile Alpha-methylfentanyl 22 Alfentanil 12 Alpha-methylthiofentanyl 20 Cannabis 300 Alphaprodine 15 Cocaine 40 Anileridine 3 Codeine 888 000 Benzethidine 220 Ethylmorphine 4 500 Beta-Hydroxyfentanyl 12 Fentanyl 6 820 Betameprodine 10 Methadone 17 100 Cannabis 55 546 440 Morphine 160 000 Cannabis resin 250 Oripavine 3 Cocaine 25 000 Oxycodone 8 200 Codeine 33 392 500 Pethidine 35 000 Dextromoramide 1 Remifentanil 504 Dextropropoxyphene 500 Sufentanil 1 Diethylthiambutene 10 China Difenoxin 5 Alfentanil 5 Dihydrocodeine 50 Cannabis 5 10 Cocaine 5 000 Dimethylthiambutene 120 Codeine 10 350 000 Diphenoxylate 25 000 Conc. of poppy straw Ethylmorphine 10 AMA 30 030 000 Etorphine 2 ATA 270 000 Etoxeridine 60 Dihydrocodeine 850 000 Fentanyl 150 000 Diphenoxylate 2 820 000 Furethidine 60 Etorphine 50 Heroin 17 325 Fentanyl 108 000 Hydrocodone 115 000 Hydrocodone 20 000 Hydromorphone 1 900 000 Hydromorphone 5 000 Isomethadone 70 Methadone 4 200 000 Ketobemidone 75 Morphine 10 360 000 20 Opium 12 600 000 Levorphanol 100 Oxycodone 900 000 Methadone 2 500 000 Pethidine 2 500 000 Morpheridine 60 Pholcodine 1 010 000 Morphine 4 000 000 Remifentanil 80 000 MPPP 60 Sufentanil 2 000 Normethadone 20 000 Thebaine 650 000 Opium 10 000 Tilidine 100 000 Oripavine 500 Hong Kong Special Aadministrative Region of Oxycodone 10 000 000 China Oxymorphone 85 000 Alfentanil 20 Pethidine 1 000 000 Alphacetylmethadol 1 Phenoperidine 1 000 Anileridine 1 Pholcodine 1 000 Cannabis 4 60 Cannabis resin 2 Piritramide 17 Coca leaf 2 Racemoramide 100 Cocaine 7 500 Remifentanil 500 Codeine 4 501 000 Sufentanil 200 1 Thebacon 1 Dextromoramide 5 Thebaine 100 Dextropropoxyphene 1 000 Thiofentanyl 10 Dihydrocodeine 314 000 Tilidine 15 Diphenoxylate 12 050 Cayman Islands Dipipanone 500 Alfentanil 1 Ecgonine 2 Cannabis 4 Ethylmorphine 30 050 Cocaine 25 Etonitazene 1 Codeine 36 Etorphine 4 Dihydrocodeine 40 Fentanyl 250 Fentanyl 40 Heroin 15 Heroin 35 Hydrocodone 150 Hydrocodone 220 Hydromorphone 2 000 - 4 -

ESTIMATED WORLD REQUIREMENTS OF NARCOTIC DRUGS IN GRAMS FOR 2016 (May update )

Levomethorphan 1 Dihydrocodeine 800 000 Levorphanol 1 Diphenoxylate 25 000 Methadone 180 000 Etorphine 5 Morphine 32 000 Fentanyl 4 500 Norcodeine 1 Heroin 15 Normethadone 250 Hydrocodone 80 000 Normorphine 1 Hydromorphone 4 000 Opium 25 000 Methadone 40 000 Oxycodone 10 500 Morphine 50 000 Oxymorphone 1 Oxycodone 205 000 Pethidine 34 000 Oxymorphone 5 Pethidine intermediate B 1 Pethidine 30 000 1 Remifentanil 2 000 Pholcodine 5 001 000 Sufentanil 5 Racemethorphan 1 Thebaine 5 Remifentanil 90 Comoros Sufentanil 10 Dextromoramide 2 Thebaine 2 Fentanyl 3 Macao Special Administrative Region of China Morphine 900 3-Monoacetylmorphine 2 Opium 1 6-Monoacetylmorphine 2 Pethidine 1 000 Alfentanil 4 Phenoperidine 2 Alphaprodine 2 Remifentanil 2 Anileridine 2 Sufentanil 2 Bezitramide 2 Congo* Cannabis 2 Codeine 3 000 Cannabis resin 2 Fentanyl 4 Coca leaf 2 Morphine 2 100 Cocaine 4 Pethidine 3 000 Codeine 2 000 Cook Islands Dextromoramide 2 Codeine 80 Dextropropoxyphene 2 Fentanyl 2 Difenoxin 2 Methadone 3 Dihydrocodeine 2 500 Morphine 280 Diphenoxylate 10 Oxycodone 25 Dipipanone 2 Pethidine 70 Ecgonine 2 Costa Rica Ethylmorphine 2 Cocaine 10 Etorphine 2 Codeine 1 073 000 Fentanyl 75 Dextropropoxyphene 1 Heroin 3 Diphenoxylate 1 000 Hydrocodone 2 Fentanyl 225 Hydromorphone 2 Heroin 10 Ketobemidone 2 Methadone 6 966 Levorphanol 2 Morphine 34 523 Methadone 8 700 Oxycodone 6 858 Morphine 5 000 Pethidine 501 Morphine-3-B-D-glucuronide 2 Côte d'Ivoire Nicomorphine 2 Cocaine 2 Norcodeine 2 Codeine 60 000 Normethadone 2 Fentanyl 20 Opium 2 Heroin 2 Oripavine 2 Methadone 1 Oxycodone 300 Morphine 250 Oxymorphone 2 Pholcodine 12 000 Pethidine 3 700 Sufentanil 2 Phenoperidine 2 Croatia Pholcodine 2 Alfentanil 230 Piritramide 2 Cannabis 5 000 Remifentanil 6 Cocaine 500 Sufentanil 2 Codeine 325 000 Thebacon 2 Codeine-N-oxide 2 Thebaine 2 Fentanyl 3 450 Tilidine 2 Heroin 5 Christmas Island Methadone 95 000 Fentanyl 1 Methadone intermediate 1 Morphine 3 Morphine 32 000 Oxycodone 15 Morphine-N-oxide 2 Cocos (Keeling) Islands Oxycodone 22 000 Codeine 1 Pethidine 5 000 Fentanyl 1 Pholcodine 48 000 Morphine 2 Remifentanil 10 Oxycodone 2 Sufentanil 4 Pethidine 6 Cuba Colombia Codeine 259 000 Alfentanil 5 Etorphine 2 Cannabis 40 Fentanyl 536 Cannabis resin 40 Morphine 33 750 Cocaine 20 Pethidine 15 660 Codeine 2 400 000 - 5 -

ESTIMATED WORLD REQUIREMENTS OF NARCOTIC DRUGS IN GRAMS FOR 2016 (May update )

Curaçao Oripavine 10 6-Acetylmorphine 1 Oxycodone 140 000 Alfentanil 5 Oxymorphone 25 Bezitramide 2 Pethidine 45 000 Cannabis 3 Pholcodine 50 Cocaine 200 Piritramide 15 000 Codeine 10 000 Remifentanil 20 Dextromoramide 5 Sufentanil 75 Fentanyl 125 Thebaine 2 700 000 Heroin 1 Tilidine 10 Hydrocodone 5 Democratic People's Republic of Korea Methadone 20 Cocaine 1 000 Morphine 750 Codeine 35 000 Nicomorphine 5 Diphenoxylate 50 Opium 25 Ethylmorphine 1 500 Oxycodone 50 Fentanyl 500 Pethidine 850 Morphine 20 000 Piritramide 250 Opium 600 000 Remifentanil 3 Democratic Republic of the Congo Sufentanil 2 Alfentanil 10 Cyprus Codeine 70 000 Alfentanil 4 Dextropropoxyphene 30 000 Cannabis 1 Diphenoxylate 10 000 Cannabis resin 1 Fentanyl 100 Cocaine 1 Methadone 30 Codeine 102 600 Morphine 40 000 Dextropropoxyphene 50 000 Pethidine 20 000 Dihydrocodeine 2 000 Sufentanil 5 Diphenoxylate 4 000 Denmark Etorphine 1 Alfentanil 300 Fentanyl 200 Cannabis 30 000 Heroin 1 Cocaine 3 600 Hydrocodone 1 Codeine 1 000 070 Hydromorphone 1 Codeine-N-oxide 1 Methadone 100 Conc. of poppy straw Morphine 3 000 ACA 1 527 444 Oxycodone 184 000 AMA 175 350 Oxymorphone 1 AOA 1 250 Pethidine 6 000 ATA 1 734 Remifentanil 70 Desomorphine 1 Sufentanil 30 Dextropropoxyphene 1 000 Thebaine 2 Dihydrocodeine 1 Czech Republic 11 3-Methylfentanyl 1 5 6-Monoacetylmorphine 1 Diphenoxylate 2 050 Acetorphine 1 Ecgonine 1 2 Ethylmorphine 570 Alfentanil 170 Etorphine 10 Alphaprodine 1 Fentanyl 15 050 20 Heroin 50 000 Bezitramide 5 Hydrocodone 25 500 Cannabis 95 000 1 Cannabis resin 10 Hydromorphone 100 000 Cocaine 5 000 Ketobemidone 40 000 Codeine 775 000 Levorphanol 1 Codeine-N-oxide 5 Methadone 300 000 Desomorphine 1 Morphine 475 700 Dextromoramide 5 Morphine-N-oxide 1 Dextropropoxyphene 5 MPPP 1 Dihydrocodeine 10 Nicomorphine 2 000 Dihydromorphine 5 Norcodeine 1 Ecgonine 10 Opium 50 000 Ethylmorphine 9 000 Oripavine 1 140 Etorphine 5 Oxycodone 400 000 Fentanyl 9 000 Oxymorphone 800 000 Heroin 5 Pethidine 60 000 Hydrocodone 40 Pholcodine 19 Hydromorphone 20 000 Remifentanil 1 500 Isomethadone 20 Sufentanil 20 Ketobemidone 5 Thebaine 1 001 000 Levorphanol 5 Djibouti Methadone 82 000 Alfentanil 1 Methadone intermediate 5 Fentanyl 1 Morphine 90 000 Morphine 800 MPPP 2 Remifentanil 1 Nicomorphine 20 Sufentanil 1 Norcodeine 5 Dominica Normethadone 2 Codeine 60 Normorphine 10 Dihydrocodeine 72 Opium 2 000 Fentanyl 1 - 6 -

ESTIMATED WORLD REQUIREMENTS OF NARCOTIC DRUGS IN GRAMS FOR 2016 (May update )

Hydrocodone 12 Fentanyl 700 Methadone 70 Heroin 2 Morphine 420 Hydrocodone 100 Pethidine 700 Hydromorphone 100 Dominican Republic Methadone 23 000 Alfentanil 200 Morphine 11 000 Codeine 160 000 Opium 2 Dextropropoxyphene 3 000 Oripavine 1 000 Dihydrocodeine 500 Oxycodone 14 000 Diphenoxylate 500 Oxymorphone 500 Fentanyl 1 000 Pethidine 6 000 Hydrocodone 1 000 Remifentanil 13 Hydromorphone 1 000 Sufentanil 1 Methadone 1 000 Thebaine 700 Morphine 15 000 Ethiopia Oxycodone 5 000 Codeine 156 952 Oxymorphone 500 Diphenoxylate 30 Pethidine 2 000 Fentanyl 9 Remifentanil 150 Methadone 50 Ecuador Morphine 44 061 Cannabis 10 Pethidine 40 655 Cannabis resin 10 Falkland Islands (Malvinas) Cocaine 10 Alfentanil 1 Codeine 200 000 Codeine 340 Diphenoxylate 35 000 Dihydrocodeine 76 Fentanyl 600 Fentanyl 3 Heroin 10 Heroin 1 Methadone 500 Methadone 1 Morphine 15 000 Morphine 45 Oxycodone 8 000 Pethidine 8 Remifentanil 1 000 Pholcodine 5 Egypt Remifentanil 1 Codeine 400 000 Fiji Dextropropoxyphene 1 000 Cocaine 1 Dihydrocodeine 3 000 Codeine 200 Diphenoxylate 5 000 Dextropropoxyphene 90 Fentanyl 3 000 Fentanyl 13 Hydrocodone 5 000 Methadone 7 Hydromorphone 2 000 Morphine 700 Morphine 18 000 Oxycodone 10 Oxycodone 24 000 Pethidine 2 700 Pethidine 90 000 Finland Pholcodine 200 000 3-Methylfentanyl 1 Remifentanil 30 3-Methylthiofentanyl 1 Sufentanil 50 6-Monoacetylmorphine 1 El Salvador Acetyl-alpha-methylfentanyl 1 Codeine 176 000 Alfentanil 220 Fentanyl 300 Alpha-methylfentanyl 1 Hydrocodone 500 Alpha-methylthiofentanyl 1 Methadone 2 000 Beta-hydroxy-3-methyl fentanyl 1 Morphine 16 050 Beta-Hydroxyfentanyl 1 Opium 6 000 Cannabis 65 000 Oxycodone 6 000 Cocaine 8 000 Pethidine 16 000 Codeine 1 360 000 Remifentanil 43 Dextropropoxyphene 50 Equatorial Guinea* Dihydrocodeine 1 Cocaine 150 Ecgonine 1 Codeine 263 Ethylmorphine 60 100 Diphenoxylate 75 Etorphine 1 Fentanyl 113 Fentanyl 20 000 Methadone 263 Heroin 25 Tilidine 263 Hydrocodone 5 Eritrea* Hydromorphone 1 500 Codeine 6 000 Levomethorphan 1 Fentanyl 1 Methadone 80 000 Morphine 3 000 Morphine 40 000 Pethidine 5 000 Norcodeine 1 Estonia Normethadone 2 3-Methylfentanyl 1 Opium 5 000 Alfentanil 1 Oxycodone 400 000 Cannabis 6 500 Oxymorphone 1 Cannabis resin 3 Para-fluorofentanyl 1 Cocaine 900 Pethidine 3 000 Codeine 300 Pethidine intermediate B 1 Desomorphine 1 Pholcodine 5 Dihydrocodeine 500 Remifentanil 500 Dihydromorphine 500 Sufentanil 5 Ecgonine 3 Thiofentanyl 1 Ethylmorphine 200 France Etorphine 2 Alfentanil 2 000 - 7 -

ESTIMATED WORLD REQUIREMENTS OF NARCOTIC DRUGS IN GRAMS FOR 2016 (May update )

Alphaprodine 3 Methadone 4 Anileridine 3 Morphine 188 Bezitramide 3 Pethidine 750 Cannabis 600 000 Georgia Cannabis resin 200 3-Methylfentanyl 1 Coca leaf 5 000 3-Methylthiofentanyl 1 Cocaine 3 500 6-Acetylmorphine 1 Codeine 36 510 000 Acetorphine 1 Codeine-N-oxide 3 Acetyldihydrocodeine 1 Conc. of poppy straw Acetylmethadol 1 ACA 31 845 000 Alfentanil 1 AMA 58 339 000 Allylprodine 1 AOA 250 000 Alphacetylmethadol 1 ATA 21 153 000 Alphameprodine 1 Dextromoramide 3 Alphamethadol 1 Dextropropoxyphene 200 Alphaprodine 1 Difenoxin 3 Benzylmorphine 1 Dihydrocodeine 1 000 Betacetylmethadol 1 Diphenoxylate 100 Betameprodine 1 Dipipanone 1 000 Betamethadol 1 Ethylmorphine 305 000 Betaprodine 1 Etorphine 10 Bezitramide 1 Fentanyl 90 000 Cocaine 1 Heroin 100 Codeine 2 000 Hydrocodone 100 Desomorphine 1 Hydromorphone 25 000 Dextropropoxyphene 1 Ketobemidone 1 000 Dihydrocodeine 1 Levorphanol 3 Dihydromorphine 1 Methadone 1 500 000 Ecgonine 2 Morphine 103 000 000 Ethylmorphine 1 Morphine-N-oxide 3 Etorphine 1 Nicomorphine 3 Fentanyl 80 Norcodeine 3 Heroin 1 Normethadone 3 Hydrocodone 1 Opium 16 001 000 Hydromorphone 1 Oripavine 200 Ketobemidone 1 Oxycodone 20 800 000 Levomethorphan 1 Oxymorphone 200 Levorphanol 1 Pethidine 10 000 1 Phenoperidine 3 Methadone 35 000 Pholcodine 1 501 000 Morphine 15 020 Piritramide 3 Morphine-3-B-D-glucuronide 1 Remifentanil 3 000 Noracymethadol 1 Sufentanil 950 Norcodeine 1 Thebacon 3 Norlevorphanol 1 Thebaine 25 010 000 Normethadone 1 Tilidine 100 Normorphine 1 French Polynesia Oxycodone 1 000 Alfentanil 25 Oxymorphone 1 Cannabis 1 Pethidine 10 Cocaine 30 Racemethorphan 1 Codeine 1 1 Dihydrocodeine 1 Remifentanil 1 Ethylmorphine 1 Sufentanil 1 Fentanyl 250 Thebaine 1 Hydromorphone 10 Thiofentanyl 1 Methadone 200 Tilidine 1 Morphine 3 000 Trimeperidine 2 000 Oxycodone 50 Germany Pethidine 150 3-Methylfentanyl 1 Pholcodine 1 AH-7921 5 Remifentanil 6 Alfentanil 5 000 Sufentanil 3 Cannabis 1 500 300 Gabon* Cocaine 3 590 Alfentanil 1 Codeine 8 508 000 Cocaine 1 Dextromoramide 1 Codeine 920 Dextropropoxyphene 10 Dextromoramide 2 Dihydrocodeine 120 200 Dextropropoxyphene 832 Dihydromorphine 1 Fentanyl 12 Diphenoxylate 15 050 Morphine 88 Dipipanone 1 Oxycodone 15 Ecgonine 5 Pethidine 346 Ethylmorphine 15 Phenoperidine 4 Etorphine 2 Sufentanil 1 Fentanyl 420 000 Gambia* Heroin 170 000 Codeine 188 Hydrocodone 3 200 Dextropropoxyphene 188 Hydromorphone 585 150 Dihydrocodeine 188 Ketobemidone 200 000 Fentanyl 38 Methadone 1 485 000 - 8 -

ESTIMATED WORLD REQUIREMENTS OF NARCOTIC DRUGS IN GRAMS FOR 2016 (May update )

Morphine 2 700 316 Fentanyl 25 Morphine-N-oxide 1 Morphine 3 000 Nicomorphine 1 Pethidine 8 000 Norcodeine 5 Guinea -Bissau* Normethadone 1 Fentanyl 2 Normorphine 5 Morphine 1 500 Opium 510 077 Pethidine 1 000 Oripavine 1 Guyana Oxycodone 2 560 540 Cocaine 1 Oxymorphone 590 Codeine 82 801 Pethidine 435 000 Fentanyl 2 Pholcodine 1 Heroin 1 Piritramide 140 390 Hydrocodone 1 Remifentanil 6 031 Hydromorphone 1 Sufentanil 1 254 Methadone 1 000 Thebaine 2 000 000 Morphine 4 000 Tilidine 42 500 000 Oxycodone 1 Ghana Oxymorphone 1 Cocaine 10 Pethidine 10 500 Codeine 100 000 Pholcodine 4 000 Dextropropoxyphene 500 Remifentanil 1 Dihydrocodeine 20 000 Haiti* Fentanyl 1 Codeine 4 000 Heroin 2 Fentanyl 17 Methadone 2 Morphine 6 800 Morphine 10 000 Honduras Opium 10 Codeine 28 949 Oxycodone 200 Fentanyl 161 Pethidine 100 000 Morphine 1 159 Remifentanil 1 Oxycodone 3 000 Thebaine 1 Pethidine 2 389 Gibraltar Hungary Alfentanil 1 Alfentanil 1 Cannabis 1 500 Cannabis 1 500 Cocaine 10 Cocaine 1 200 Dihydrocodeine 5 Codeine 5 811 720 Fentanyl 150 Codeine-N-oxide 4 Heroin 30 Conc. of poppy straw Hydromorphone 5 ACA 180 000 Methadone 5 AMA 3 807 200 Morphine 400 ATA 5 402 000 Oxycodone 800 Dextropropoxyphene 4 Pethidine 5 Difenoxin 1 Remifentanil 4 Dihydrocodeine 130 200 Greece* Diphenoxylate 15 000 Alfentanil 5 Ethylmorphine 55 000 Cocaine 188 Fentanyl 9 500 Codeine 300 000 Heroin 2 Codeine-N-oxide 1 Hydromorphone 4 940 Dextropropoxyphene 18 750 Methadone 16 010 Fentanyl 23 000 Morphine 5 513 000 Methadone 22 500 Morphine-N-oxide 1 Morphine 2 625 Norcodeine 2 Oxycodone 1 125 Oxycodone 2 658 240 Pethidine 15 000 Oxymorphone 3 900 000 Pholcodine 3 750 Pethidine 5 500 Remifentanil 413 Remifentanil 1 Grenada* Sufentanil 3 Alfentanil 1 Thebaine 780 000 Cocaine 8 Iceland Codeine 188 Alfentanil 1 Dihydrocodeine 60 Cannabis 10 Fentanyl 2 Codeine 100 000 Hydrocodone 4 Fentanyl 500 Methadone 19 Hydromorphone 120 Morphine 338 Ketobemidone 750 Pethidine 375 Methadone 350 Guatemala Morphine 10 500 Alfentanil 2 Oxycodone 10 000 Codeine 200 000 Pethidine 280 Diphenoxylate 6 000 Remifentanil 4 Fentanyl 300 Sufentanil 1 Hydrocodone 10 000 India Methadone 3 000 Cannabis 10 Morphine 6 000 Cocaine 3 Oxycodone 18 000 Codeine 65 000 000 Pethidine 30 000 Difenoxin 5 Remifentanil 5 Dihydrocodeine 5 000 000 Guinea* Diphenoxylate 14 100 000 Codeine 8 500 Ecgonine 2 - 9 -

ESTIMATED WORLD REQUIREMENTS OF NARCOTIC DRUGS IN GRAMS FOR 2016 (May update )

Ethylmorphine 500 000 Thebacon 1 Fentanyl 13 750 Thebaine 1 000 Heroin 3 Tilidine 10 Hydrocodone 10 000 Trimeperidine 2 Hydromorphone 100 Iraq* Methadone 2 500 000 Codeine 2 500 000 Morphine 13 553 354 Diphenoxylate 431 250 Opium 310 000 000 Fentanyl 225 Oripavine 80 000 Morphine 8 000 Oxycodone 20 000 Pethidine 65 000 Oxymorphone 5 Remifentanil 57 Pethidine 700 000 Ireland Pholcodine 550 000 Alfentanil 162 Remifentanil 1 500 Cannabis 5 Sufentanil 25 Cannabis resin 5 Thebaine 2 000 000 Coca leaf 5 Tilidine 140 000 Cocaine 1 500 Trimeperidine 300 000 Codeine 5 500 500 Indonesia Conc. of poppy straw Codeine 1 880 000 ATA 16 001 000 Fentanyl 2 604 Dextromoramide 500 Hydromorphone 3 400 Dextropropoxyphene 1 001 000 Methadone 90 000 Dihydrocodeine 60 000 Morphine 52 000 Dipipanone 250 Oxycodone 2 600 Ecgonine 5 Pethidine 130 500 Ethylmorphine 5 Sufentanil 2 Etorphine 5 Iran (Islamic Republic of) Fentanyl 5 000 Acetyldihydrocodeine 2 Heroin 5 Acetylmethadol 1 Hydrocodone 1 000 Alfentanil 800 Hydromorphone 4 000 Allylprodine 1 Levorphanol 5 Alphacetylmethadol 1 Methadone 250 000 Alphameprodine 1 Methadone intermediate 5 Alphamethadol 1 Morphine 54 000 Alphaprodine 2 Morphine-N-oxide 5 Anileridine 2 Norcodeine 1 Betacetylmethadol 1 Normorphine 5 Betameprodine 1 Opium 1 100 Betamethadol 1 Oripavine 302 000 Betaprodine 1 Oxycodone 102 000 Cannabis 100 Oxymorphone 5 Cannabis resin 10 Pethidine 12 000 Coca leaf 2 Pholcodine 250 000 Cocaine 100 Remifentanil 315 Codeine 26 000 000 Sufentanil 5 Conc. of poppy straw Thebaine 1 005 AMA 10 000 000 Israel Dextromoramide 10 Alfentanil 5 Dextropropoxyphene 100 Cannabis 7 700 000 Difenoxin 2 Cocaine 1 000 Dihydrocodeine 5 000 Codeine 983 000 Dihydromorphine 1 Codeine-N-oxide 5 Diphenoxylate 1 200 000 Etorphine 3 Dipipanone 1 Fentanyl 13 200 Ecgonine 5 Heroin 10 Ethylmorphine 100 Hydrocodone 5 Etorphine 2 Hydromorphone 600 Fentanyl 600 Levomethorphan 1 Heroin 50 Methadone 270 000 Hydrocodone 50 Morphine 52 000 Hydromorphone 50 Morphine-N-oxide 3 Hydroxypethidine 1 Oxycodone 300 000 Isomethadone 1 Pethidine 25 000 Levo-A-acetylmethadol 2 Remifentanil 270 Levomethorphan 1 Italy Levorphanol 1 Alfentanil 213 Methadone 5 500 000 Cannabis 1 000 000 Methadone intermediate 10 Cocaine 1 125 Morphine 35 000 Codeine 22 260 000 Noracymethadol 1 Codeine-N-oxide 10 Norlevorphanol 2 Conc. of poppy straw Normethadone 1 ACA 3 600 000 Opium 155 000 000 AMA 3 600 000 Oxycodone 500 000 AOA 4 500 000 Oxymorphone 10 ATA 1 600 000 Pethidine 490 000 Dextropropoxyphene 4 Pholcodine 1 Dihydrocodeine 800 005 Remifentanil 585 Dihydroetorphine 2 Sufentanil 30 Dihydromorphine 5 - 10 -

ESTIMATED WORLD REQUIREMENTS OF NARCOTIC DRUGS IN GRAMS FOR 2016 (May update )

Diphenoxylate 3 Kazakhstan Ecgonine 6 Alfentanil 1 Ethylmorphine 5 Alphaprodine 1 Etorphine 12 Anileridine 1 Fentanyl 90 000 Bezitramide 1 Heroin 30 Cocaine 1 Hydrocodone 6 Codeine 2 754 Hydromorphone 52 500 Dextromoramide 1 Levorphanol 4 Dextropropoxyphene 1 Methadone 2 370 000 Difenoxin 1 Methadone intermediate 10 Dihydrocodeine 1 Morphine 2 600 000 Diphenoxylate 1 Morphine-N-oxide 2 Dipipanone 1 Opium 2 Ethylmorphine 280 Oripavine 4 000 003 Etorphine 1 Oxycodone 1 540 000 Fentanyl 501 Oxycodone-N-oxide 2 Heroin 3 Oxymorphone 3 500 004 Hydrocodone 1 Pethidine 116 000 Hydromorphone 1 Pholcodine 300 000 Ketobemidone 1 Piritramide 12 Levorphanol 1 Racemoramide 3 Methadone 17 875 Remifentanil 3 174 Morphine 12 495 Sufentanil 250 Nicomorphine 1 Thebaine 2 000 004 Normethadone 1 Tilidine 5 Opium 2 325 Jamaica Oripavine 1 Cocaine 60 Oxycodone 1 Codeine 24 500 Oxymorphone 1 Fentanyl 60 Pethidine 1 Morphine 8 000 Phenoperidine 1 Oxycodone 200 Pholcodine 1 Pethidine 20 000 Piritramide 1 Remifentanil 4 Remifentanil 1 Japan Sufentanil 1 Alfentanil 105 Thebacon 1 Cocaine 25 000 Thebaine 23 Codeine 11 850 000 Tilidine 1 Conc. of poppy straw Trimeperidine 17 900 AMA 10 001 000 Kenya* Dextropropoxyphene 5 Cannabis 1 Dihydrocodeine 13 505 000 Cannabis resin 1 Dihydromorphine 5 Cocaine 1 Drotebanol 1 300 Codeine 180 000 Ecgonine 5 Dihydrocodeine 37 500 Ethylmorphine 10 Etorphine 15 Fentanyl 55 000 Fentanyl 57 Hydrocodone 105 Heroin 1 Hydromorphone 200 Hydrocodone 75 Hydroxypethidine 5 Hydromorphone 54 Levorphanol 15 Methadone 22 500 Methadone 21 000 Morphine 100 000 Morphine 11 480 000 Oxycodone 750 Morphine-N-oxide 5 Pethidine 80 000 Normorphine 3 Remifentanil 38 Opium 70 050 000 Kiribati Oxycodone 690 000 Codeine 21 Oxymorphone 110 Fentanyl 1 Pethidine 100 000 Morphine 35 Racemorphan 5 Pethidine 130 Remifentanil 15 000 Kuwait Sufentanil 110 Alfentanil 250 Thebaine 2 260 000 Cannabis 400 Jordan Cannabis resin 200 Cannabis 5 Codeine 1 765 Cocaine 5 Dextropropoxyphene 200 Codeine 50 000 Diphenoxylate 200 Dihydrocodeine 25 000 Fentanyl 458 Diphenoxylate 10 000 Hydrocodone 200 Fentanyl 500 Hydromorphone 200 Heroin 5 Methadone 200 Hydromorphone 250 Morphine 2 577 Methadone 700 Opium 400 Morphine 60 000 Oxycodone 3 500 Morphine-N-oxide 1 Pethidine 14 774 Norcodeine 1 Remifentanil 442 Oxycodone 3 000 Sufentanil 2 Pethidine 70 000 Kyrgyzstan Remifentanil 225 Cocaine 1 Thebaine 1 Codeine 4 000 - 11 -

ESTIMATED WORLD REQUIREMENTS OF NARCOTIC DRUGS IN GRAMS FOR 2016 (May update )

Dextropropoxyphene 1 Opium 350 Ethylmorphine 1 Oxycodone 5 000 Fentanyl 40 Pethidine 100 Methadone 30 000 Piritramide 1 200 Morphine 5 000 Remifentanil 80 Thebaine 1 Sufentanil 4 Trimeperidine 10 500 Tilidine 45 000 Lao People's Democratic Republic Madagascar Codeine 25 000 Codeine 35 741 Fentanyl 9 Ethylmorphine 15 000 Heroin 200 Fentanyl 40 Morphine 4 500 Morphine 629 Pethidine 7 500 Opium 104 757 Latvia Oxycodone 56 Cannabis 1 Pethidine 5 Cocaine 1 Sufentanil 1 Codeine 463 Malawi* Fentanyl 3 000 Alfentanil 4 Heroin 1 Codeine 20 000 Hydromorphone 60 Etorphine 2 Methadone 14 000 Fentanyl 3 Morphine 13 700 Morphine 33 000 Oxycodone 90 Pethidine 60 000 Pethidine 718 Sufentanil 2 Remifentanil 2 Malaysia Sufentanil 2 Alfentanil 10 Thebaine 1 Cannabis 30 Trimeperidine 22 500 Cannabis resin 10 Lebanon Cocaine 6 000 Codeine 40 000 Codeine 120 000 Fentanyl 220 Dihydrocodeine 100 000 Morphine 8 000 Diphenoxylate 100 000 Oxycodone 2 500 Etorphine 2 Pethidine 19 000 Fentanyl 800 Remifentanil 90 Heroin 10 Sufentanil 5 Hydrocodone 10 Lesotho Hydromorphone 10 Fentanyl 2 Methadone 600 000 Morphine 52 Morphine 60 000 Pethidine 3 947 Oxycodone 19 000 Liberia* Oxymorphone 10 Cocaine 281 Pethidine 100 000 Codeine 2 500 Pholcodine 100 000 Dihydrocodeine 563 Remifentanil 150 Fentanyl 75 Sufentanil 1 Morphine 3 000 Thebaine 10 Pethidine 3 000 Maldives Libya* Fentanyl 57 Alfentanil 29 Methadone 5 000 Codeine 3 000 Morphine 387 Dihydrocodeine 281 Pethidine 1 013 Fentanyl 38 Mali Morphine 1 500 Alfentanil 1 Pethidine 15 000 Codeine 5 003 Remifentanil 3 Fentanyl 3 Lithuania Morphine 7 916 Cocaine 2 Oxycodone 6 535 Codeine 2 Pethidine 160 Dextropropoxyphene 1 Sufentanil 1 Ecgonine 1 Malta Fentanyl 1 000 Alfentanil 45 Heroin 2 Cannabis 1 Methadone 11 000 Cocaine 1 Morphine 10 000 Codeine 2 Morphine-N-oxide 1 Dextropropoxyphene 1 000 000 Oripavine 1 Fentanyl 31 Pethidine 17 500 Heroin 20 Remifentanil 10 Methadone 23 000 Thebaine 1 Morphine 4 600 Trimeperidine 2 Pethidine 4 000 Luxembourg Remifentanil 5 Alfentanil 12 Sufentanil 1 Cannabis 18 000 Marshall Islands* Cocaine 400 Codeine 97 Codeine 60 Fentanyl 1 Fentanyl 900 Morphine 75 Heroin 10 000 Pethidine 166 Hydromorphone 800 Mauritania* Methadone 10 000 Codeine 4 000 Morphine 10 000 Fentanyl 8 - 12 -

ESTIMATED WORLD REQUIREMENTS OF NARCOTIC DRUGS IN GRAMS FOR 2016 (May update )

Morphine 4 000 Remifentanil 10 Mauritius Thebaine 1 Alfentanil 1 Montserrat Etorphine 1 Codeine 77 Fentanyl 25 Morphine 3 Methadone 100 000 Pethidine 21 Morphine 1 800 Morocco Pethidine 9 500 Alfentanil 75 Remifentanil 7 Cocaine 4 Sufentanil 1 Codeine 2 522 620 Mexico Fentanyl 580 Alphaprodine 1 Methadone 89 000 Anileridine 1 Morphine 31 954 Bezitramide 1 Pholcodine 109 440 Cannabis 15 Remifentanil 27 Cannabis resin 1 Sufentanil 15 Cocaine 25 Mozambique Codeine 521 000 Codeine 27 800 Dextromoramide 7 Diphenoxylate 10 200 Dextropropoxyphene 2 402 000 Etorphine 5 Difenoxin 1 Fentanyl 700 Dihydrocodeine 4 Morphine 24 500 Diphenoxylate 1 Pethidine 14 100 Dipipanone 1 Pholcodine 1 000 Ecgonine 16 Myanmar Etorphine 11 Codeine 42 257 Fentanyl 12 150 Fentanyl 6 Heroin 15 Methadone 438 000 Hydrocodone 7 000 Morphine 10 024 Hydromorphone 30 000 Opium 3 269 Ketobemidone 1 Pethidine 19 683 Levorphanol 2 Namibia Methadone 552 000 Alfentanil 12 Morphine 688 000 Cocaine 500 Normethadone 1 Codeine 1 350 Opium 2 Dihydrocodeine 10 Oripavine 1 Dipipanone 10 Oxycodone 436 000 Etorphine 20 Oxymorphone 13 Fentanyl 100 Pethidine 2 Hydromorphone 350 Phenoperidine 1 Methadone 15 Pholcodine 1 Morphine 10 000 Piritramide 500 Oxycodone 500 Remifentanil 11 000 Pethidine 12 000 Sufentanil 805 Remifentanil 15 Thebacon 1 Sufentanil 2 Thebaine 1 Tilidine 700 Tilidine 2 Nauru Micronesia (Federated States of) Codeine 60 Codeine 1 151 Fentanyl 2 Fentanyl 4 Morphine 15 Morphine 160 Pethidine 85 Oxycodone 8 Pholcodine 60 Pethidine 207 Nepal* Mongolia Codeine 350 000 Cannabis 1 Dextropropoxyphene 4 500 Cannabis Oil 1 Ethylmorphine 3 750 Cannabis resin 1 Etorphine 2 Cocaine 1 Fentanyl 75 Codeine 4 000 Methadone 15 000 Fentanyl 24 Morphine 25 000 Heroin 1 Pethidine 30 000 Morphine 18 951 Pholcodine 5 250 Oxycodone 800 Netherlands Pethidine 1 400 AH-7921 1 Trimeperidine 1 650 Alfentanil 200 Montenegro Alpha-methylthiofentanyl 1 Cannabis 5 Alphaprodine 1 Cannabis resin 5 Anileridine 1 Cocaine 5 Cannabis 350 000 Codeine 1 Coca leaf 50 000 Fentanyl 475 Cocaine 15 000 Heroin 5 Codeine 200 000 Hydrocodone 1 Conc. of poppy straw Hydromorphone 1 AMA 5 000 Methadone 5 001 ATA 5 000 Morphine 365 Dextromoramide 1 000 Opium 2 Difenoxin 1 Oxycodone 1 Dihydroetorphine 1 Pethidine 161 Dipipanone 1 - 13 -

ESTIMATED WORLD REQUIREMENTS OF NARCOTIC DRUGS IN GRAMS FOR 2016 (May update )

Ecgonine 5 Hydromorphone 1 000 Etorphine 5 Methadone 5 000 Fentanyl 40 000 Morphine 30 000 Heroin 200 000 Oxycodone 5 000 Hydromorphone 5 000 Oxymorphone 5 000 Methadone 350 000 Pethidine 30 000 Morphine 200 000 Pholcodine 30 000 Morphine-N-oxide 5 Niue Nicomorphine 600 Codeine 36 Opium 10 000 Fentanyl 1 Oxycodone 600 000 Morphine 1 Oxymorphone 500 Pethidine 5 Pethidine 20 000 Norfolk Island Piritramide 15 000 Codeine 27 Racemoramide 1 Fentanyl 2 Remifentanil 600 Morphine 2 Sufentanil 60 Oxycodone 24 Thebaine 5 Norway Tilidine 1 3-Methylfentanyl 1 New Caledonia Alfentanil 202 Alfentanil 3 Cannabis 100 000 Cocaine 5 Cannabis resin 5 Codeine 5 Cocaine 2 300 Fentanyl 300 Codeine 9 000 500 Hydromorphone 100 Conc. of poppy straw Methadone 300 ACA 5 500 000 Morphine 5 000 AMA 25 501 000 Oxycodone 3 000 ATA 32 500 Remifentanil 15 Desomorphine 1 Sufentanil 5 Dextropropoxyphene 1 New Zealand Dihydrocodeine 1 Alfentanil 109 Ecgonine 1 Cannabis 4 000 Ethylmorphine 5 100 Cannabis resin 5 Etorphine 1 Cocaine 4 000 Fentanyl 7 134 Codeine 1 941 872 Heroin 18 Dextromoramide 14 Hydrocodone 611 Dextropropoxyphene 40 Hydromorphone 4 000 Difenoxin 3 Ketobemidone 16 440 Dihydrocodeine 250 000 Methadone 121 983 Diphenoxylate 10 Morphine 2 131 169 Dipipanone 1 Morphine-N-oxide 1 Ethylmorphine 100 Norcodeine 1 Etorphine 3 Normorphine 1 Fentanyl 5 000 Opium 12 000 Heroin 10 Oxycodone 280 000 Hydrocodone 1 Oxymorphone 1 Hydromorphone 35 Pethidine 23 011 Methadone 300 000 Pethidine intermediate B 1 Morphine 280 000 Pholcodine 1 Opium 15 000 Remifentanil 440 Oripavine 1 Sufentanil 2 Oxycodone 230 000 Thebaine 2 Oxymorphone 5 Oman Pethidine 30 000 Alfentanil 1 Pholcodine 56 000 Codeine 2 221 526 Remifentanil 90 Dihydrocodeine 96 Sufentanil 1 Fentanyl 759 Thebaine 400 Methadone 98 Tilidine 5 Morphine 7 189 Nicaragua Pethidine 1 653 Cocaine 1 Remifentanil 44 Codeine 15 000 Sufentanil 1 Dextropropoxyphene 15 000 Pakistan Ecgonine 1 Codeine 2 000 000 Fentanyl 200 Diphenoxylate 1 024 000 Morphine 10 800 Fentanyl 750 Oxycodone 3 000 Morphine 20 000 Niger* Oxycodone 75 Codeine 11 000 Pethidine 40 000 Fentanyl 9 Pholcodine 3 000 000 Morphine 11 000 Palau Pethidine 11 000 Codeine 500 Nigeria Fentanyl 2 Cocaine 375 Hydrocodone 15 Codeine 3 500 000 Methadone 10 Dihydrocodeine 1 000 Morphine 70 Diphenoxylate 20 000 Oxycodone 95 Etorphine 8 Pethidine 260 Fentanyl 38 - 14 -

ESTIMATED WORLD REQUIREMENTS OF NARCOTIC DRUGS IN GRAMS FOR 2016 (May update )

Panama Portugal Codeine 20 000 3-Methylfentanyl 5 Fentanyl 500 Alfentanil 400 Morphine 7 000 Cocaine 5 000 Oxycodone 8 000 Codeine 3 000 000 Pethidine 5 000 Codeine-N-oxide 5 Remifentanil 200 Dihydrocodeine 1 Papua New Guinea Ecgonine 5 Codeine 2 577 Ethylmorphine 1 Dextropropoxyphene 90 Fentanyl 20 000 Fentanyl 4 Hydrocodone 5 Methadone 2 Hydromorphone 15 000 Morphine 4 649 Levomethorphan 5 Oxycodone 19 Methadone 600 000 Pethidine 12 577 Morphine 70 000 Paraguay Morphine-N-oxide 5 Alfentanil 120 Oripavine 5 Cocaine 3 Oxycodone 20 000 Codeine 800 000 Oxymorphone 10 Ethylmorphine 5 000 Pethidine 60 000 Fentanyl 3 500 Pethidine intermediate A 5 Heroin 1 Pethidine intermediate B 5 Hydrocodone 1 Pethidine intermediate C 5 Methadone 10 Remifentanil 400 Morphine 60 000 Sufentanil 200 Oxycodone 10 Qatar Pethidine 5 000 Codeine 200 Remifentanil 700 Dihydrocodeine 200 Peru Diphenoxylate 15 Cocaine 500 000 Etorphine 2 Codeine 730 000 Fentanyl 150 Fentanyl 5 000 Hydromorphone 100 Methadone 1 500 Methadone 200 Morphine 50 000 Morphine 2 500 Oxycodone 40 000 Oxycodone 500 Pethidine 41 000 Pethidine 4 000 Remifentanil 1 600 Remifentanil 200 Philippines Tilidine 500 Cannabis 100 Republic of Korea Cocaine 1 Alfentanil 85 Codeine 1 Cocaine 200 Dihydrocodeine 15 Codeine 625 966 Fentanyl 508 Dihydrocodeine 4 989 861 Heroin 10 Fentanyl 23 952 Morphine 48 015 Hydrocodone 8 555 Oxycodone 51 570 Hydromorphone 37 414 Pethidine 34 080 Levomethorphan 1 Remifentanil 10 Morphine 204 291 Poland Oxycodone 764 894 Alfentanil 5 Pethidine 276 573 Cannabis 40 000 Remifentanil 4 370 Cocaine 100 Sufentanil 27 Codeine 5 500 000 Republic of Moldova Codeine-N-oxide 5 Cannabis 1 Desomorphine 3 Cannabis Oil 1 Dihydrocodeine 75 000 Cannabis resin 1 Diphenoxylate 1 000 Cocaine 1 Ecgonine 3 Codeine 70 000 Ethylmorphine 60 000 Fentanyl 170 Etorphine 100 Heroin 1 Fentanyl 20 000 Methadone 15 000 Heroin 50 Morphine 10 001 Hydrocodone 400 Oxycodone 50 Hydromorphone 300 Thebaine 500 Methadone 160 000 Trimeperidine 10 000 Morphine 800 000 Romania Morphine-N-oxide 5 3-Methylfentanyl 1 Norcodeine 5 3-Methylthiofentanyl 1 Opium 120 000 Acetyldihydrocodeine 1 Oripavine 5 Alfentanil 1 Oxycodone 140 000 Alphacetylmethadol 1 Oxymorphone 130 Alpha-methylfentanyl 1 Pethidine 160 000 Alpha-methylthiofentanyl 1 Pethidine intermediate B 5 Betacetylmethadol 1 Pethidine intermediate C 5 Beta-hydroxy-3-methyl fentanyl 1 Pholcodine 20 000 Beta-Hydroxyfentanyl 1 Remifentanil 200 Cannabis 35 000 Sufentanil 20 Cannabis resin 5 Thebaine 100 Coca leaf 1 Tilidine 50 000 Cocaine 5 - 15 -

ESTIMATED WORLD REQUIREMENTS OF NARCOTIC DRUGS IN GRAMS FOR 2016 (May update )

Codeine 800 000 Hydrocodone 74 Desomorphine 1 Methadone 56 Dextromoramide 1 Morphine 450 Dextropropoxyphene 1 Oxycodone 1 Dihydrocodeine 100 000 Pethidine 1 500 Ecgonine 2 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Ethylmorphine 1 Codeine 5 000 Etorphine 1 Fentanyl 2 Fentanyl 6 000 Morphine 1 940 Heroin 2 Pethidine 3 456 Hydrocodone 1 Samoa Hydromorphone 1 Codeine 100 Levorphanol 1 Fentanyl 1 Methadone 40 000 Methadone 400 Morphine 100 000 Morphine 250 Nicomorphine 1 Oxycodone 22 Normethadone 1 Pethidine 230 Oxycodone 90 000 Sao Tome and Principe* Oxymorphone 1 Morphine 175 Pethidine 50 000 Pethidine 150 Phenoperidine 1 Saudi Arabia Pholcodine 1 Alfentanil 48 Remifentanil 30 Cannabis 25 Sufentanil 7 Codeine 620 055 Thebaine 1 Dextropropoxyphene 10 000 Thiofentanyl 1 Dihydrocodeine 1 660 Tilidine 4 800 Etorphine 10 Russian Federation Fentanyl 8 500 3-Methylfentanyl 1 Hydromorphone 15 365 3-Methylthiofentanyl 1 Methadone 7 035 6-Monoacetylmorphine 1 Morphine 210 000 Alfentanil 1 Oxycodone 15 000 Beta-hydroxy-3-methyl fentanyl 1 Pethidine 355 730 Cocaine 1 000 Remifentanil 9 200 Codeine 2 010 000 Sufentanil 11 Dextropropoxyphene 1 Senegal Dihydrocodeine 140 000 Alfentanil 5 Ecgonine 1 Cocaine 400 Fentanyl 5 000 Codeine 685 000 Hydrocodone 1 Etorphine 2 Hydromorphone 1 Fentanyl 21 Methadone 1 Methadone 570 Morphine 200 000 Morphine 12 580 Oxycodone 50 000 Opium 606 000 Oxymorphone 1 Pholcodine 500 Pethidine 1 Sufentanil 1 Pethidine intermediate B 1 Serbia Racemoramide 1 Alfentanil 600 Remifentanil 2 Cocaine 1 Sufentanil 1 Codeine 100 000 Thebaine 2 000 Fentanyl 6 000 Thiofentanyl 1 Hydromorphone 10 000 Trimeperidine 350 000 Methadone 100 000 Rwanda Methadone intermediate 1 Codeine 450 Morphine 30 000 Etorphine 10 Morphine-N-oxide 1 Fentanyl 320 Oxycodone 60 Methadone 20 Pethidine 9 000 Morphine 77 280 Pholcodine 6 000 Pethidine 7 000 Remifentanil 3 000 Saint Helena Sufentanil 12 Codeine 30 Tilidine 2 Fentanyl 1 Seychelles Morphine 60 Cannabis 3 Pethidine 20 Cannabis resin 2 Pholcodine 40 Codeine 800 Remifentanil 1 Fentanyl 2 Saint Kitts and Nevis* Heroin 2 Cocaine 38 Methadone 1 800 Codeine 490 Morphine 800 Dihydrocodeine 1 Pethidine 500 Fentanyl 1 Sierra Leone Morphine 34 Codeine 3 500 Pethidine 688 Fentanyl 5 Saint Lucia Morphine 3 000 Cannabis 8 Pethidine 10 000 Cannabis resin 4 Singapore Cocaine 75 Alfentanil 25 Codeine 2 500 Cannabis 10 Fentanyl 3 Cannabis resin 5 - 16 -

ESTIMATED WORLD REQUIREMENTS OF NARCOTIC DRUGS IN GRAMS FOR 2016 (May update )

Cocaine 400 Somalia* Codeine 1 000 000 Codeine 11 000 Desomorphine 1 Morphine 4 000 Dextropropoxyphene 1 Pethidine 13 000 Dihydrocodeine 1 South Africa Diphenoxylate 200 000 Alfentanil 620 Ecgonine 1 Cannabis 600 Ethylmorphine 1 Cocaine 6 500 Etorphine 1 Codeine 9 436 031 Fentanyl 1 000 Codeine-N-oxide 2 Heroin 5 Conc. of poppy straw Hydrocodone 15 AMA 18 150 000 Hydromorphone 200 Dextromoramide 2 Levomethorphan 1 Dextropropoxyphene 23 380 Methadone 400 Dihydrocodeine 500 950 Morphine 10 000 Dihydromorphine 2 Morphine-N-oxide 5 Diphenoxylate 2 Oxycodone 10 000 Etorphine 146 Oxymorphone 1 Fentanyl 450 000 Pethidine 20 000 Heroin 4 Pholcodine 15 000 Hydrocodone 1 Remifentanil 100 Hydromorphone 10 000 Sufentanil 1 Levorphanol 1 Thebaine 1 Methadone 32 120 Sint Maarten Morphine 12 450 220 Alfentanil 3 Morphine-N-oxide 1 Cannabis 1 Norcodeine 1 Codeine 4 000 Normorphine 1 Fentanyl 50 Opium 120 000 Hydrocodone 1 Oripavine 2 Methadone 60 Oxycodone 40 550 Morphine 500 Pethidine 610 000 Nicomorphine 2 Pholcodine 245 752 Oxycodone 150 Remifentanil 10 000 Pethidine 400 Sufentanil 31 Piritramide 100 Thebaine 12 000 Remifentanil 1 Tilidine 80 000 Sufentanil 1 South Sudan* Slovakia Fentanyl 3 Alfentanil 8 000 Morphine 8 500 Cocaine 200 Pethidine 13 000 Codeine 2 014 500 Spain Conc. of poppy straw Alfentanil 250 AMA 3 000 000 Cannabis 250 000 Fentanyl 5 850 Cocaine 4 000 Hydromorphone 8 600 Codeine 10 200 000 Methadone 18 000 Conc. of poppy straw Morphine 7 971 674 ACA 18 954 131 Morphine-N-oxide 1 AMA 110 935 160 Oxycodone 830 800 AOA 15 612 412 Oxymorphone 1 ATA 70 996 493 Pethidine 1 230 000 Dihydrocodeine 50 000 Piritramide 121 000 Ecgonine 1 Remifentanil 1 500 Ethylmorphine 3 000 Sufentanil 1 200 Etorphine 2 Thebaine 1 180 000 Fentanyl 150 000 Slovenia Heroin 5 000 Alfentanil 25 Hydrocodone 1 000 Cocaine 3 000 Hydromorphone 60 000 Codeine 215 000 Methadone 2 000 000 Codeine-N-oxide 10 Morphine 12 500 000 Dihydrocodeine 15 000 Norcodeine 1 Fentanyl 6 000 Normorphine 1 Heroin 5 Opium 1 000 000 Hydrocodone 5 Oripavine 1 Hydromorphone 15 000 Oxycodone 800 000 Methadone 109 000 Oxymorphone 1 Morphine 180 000 Pethidine 3 000 000 Oxycodone 390 000 Pholcodine 2 000 Pethidine 1 000 Remifentanil 5 000 Pholcodine 60 000 Sufentanil 1 000 Piritramide 4 000 Thebaine 1 000 Remifentanil 3 100 Sri Lanka Sufentanil 10 Alfentanil 1 Solomon Islands* Cocaine 1 073 Codeine 283 Codeine 396 000 Fentanyl 9 Etorphine 40 Morphine 520 Fentanyl 55 Oxycodone 100 Methadone 300 Pethidine 1 500 Morphine 16 000 - 17 -

ESTIMATED WORLD REQUIREMENTS OF NARCOTIC DRUGS IN GRAMS FOR 2016 (May update )

Opium 130 000 Morphine-N-oxide 1 Pethidine 20 000 Nicomorphine 3 700 Remifentanil 2 Opium 60 000 Sudan Oripavine 2 000 000 Fentanyl 31 Oxycodone 4 410 000 Morphine 30 000 Oxymorphone 2 500 000 Pethidine 30 000 Pethidine 61 000 Suriname* Pholcodine 1 Cocaine 6 Piritramide 10 Codeine 15 000 Remifentanil 800 Fentanyl 6 Sufentanil 20 Morphine 375 Thebaine 25 000 000 Pethidine 150 Tilidine 50 000 Remifentanil 1 Syrian Arab Republic Sufentanil 1 Alfentanil 20 Swaziland Codeine 2 000 000 Alfentanil 1 Diphenoxylate 100 000 Codeine 1 125 Fentanyl 350 Dihydrocodeine 508 Hydrocodone 50 000 Dipipanone 8 Morphine 8 000 Fentanyl 1 Oxycodone 125 000 Methadone 1 Pethidine 100 000 Morphine 4 500 Remifentanil 500 Pethidine 2 250 Sufentanil 30 Tilidine 90 Tajikistan Sweden Cocaine 1 280 3-Methylthiofentanyl 1 Codeine 449 000 Alfentanil 700 Etorphine 5 Alphaprodine 2 Fentanyl 38 Cannabis 20 000 Methadone 20 400 Cocaine 3 500 Morphine 3 800 Codeine 1 280 000 Trimeperidine 32 000 Desomorphine 1 Thailand Dextropropoxyphene 500 Alfentanil 1 Diphenoxylate 5 Bezitramide 1 Ethylmorphine 650 000 Cannabis 3 Etorphine 5 Cannabis resin 3 Fentanyl 35 000 Cocaine 2 000 Heroin 5 Codeine 700 000 Hydrocodone 122 Codeine-N-oxide 1 Hydromorphone 15 000 Dextromoramide 1 Ketobemidone 25 000 Dextropropoxyphene 1 Levomethorphan 1 Difenoxin 1 Levorphanol 1 Dihydrocodeine 1 Methadone 230 000 Diphenoxylate 25 001 Morphine 700 000 Dipipanone 1 MPPP 1 Ecgonine 1 Opium 20 000 Ethylmorphine 1 Oripavine 500 Etorphine 1 Oxycodone 840 000 Fentanyl 2 000 Oxymorphone 1 Heroin 5 Pethidine 18 000 Hydrocodone 1 Pholcodine 5 Hydromorphone 1 Piritramide 100 Ketobemidone 1 Remifentanil 1 000 Levorphanol 1 Sufentanil 60 Methadone 170 000 Thebaine 2 000 Morphine 250 000 Tilidine 100 Morphine-N-oxide 1 Switzerland Nicomorphine 1 Alfentanil 200 Normethadone 1 Cannabis 100 000 Normorphine 1 Cocaine 5 000 Opium 1 500 000 Codeine 600 000 Oripavine 1 Codeine-N-oxide 1 Oxycodone 8 000 Conc. of poppy straw Oxymorphone 1 AMA 5 000 000 Pethidine 200 000 AOA 2 500 000 Phenoperidine 1 Dextromoramide 1 Pholcodine 1 Dextropropoxyphene 1 Piritramide 1 Difenoxin 1 Remifentanil 70 Dihydrocodeine 20 001 Sufentanil 1 Diphenoxylate 15 Thebacon 1 Ethylmorphine 2 100 Thebaine 1 Etorphine 2 Tilidine 1 Fentanyl 20 500 The former Yugoslav Rep. of Macedonia Heroin 270 000 Alfentanil 5 Hydrocodone 2 500 Codeine 2 500 046 Hydromorphone 17 500 Conc. of poppy straw Methadone 18 000 000 AMA 2 250 000 Morphine 990 000 Fentanyl 35 - 18 -

ESTIMATED WORLD REQUIREMENTS OF NARCOTIC DRUGS IN GRAMS FOR 2016 (May update )

Hydrocodone 1 Oxycodone 1 000 Methadone 60 032 Oxymorphone 1 Morphine 2 300 025 Pethidine 2 500 Oxycodone 10 020 Phenoperidine 1 Pholcodine 150 044 Pholcodine 5 000 Remifentanil 15 Piritramide 1 Thebaine 40 002 Remifentanil 400 Timor -Leste Sufentanil 10 Codeine 2 119 Thebacon 1 Fentanyl 2 Thebaine 2 Morphine 22 Tilidine 1 Togo Turkey Alfentanil 1 Alfentanil 10 Fentanyl 15 Alphaprodine 2 Morphine 2 000 Anileridine 2 Pethidine 9 000 Bezitramide 2 Sufentanil 1 Cannabis 5 Tonga Cannabis resin 5 Codeine 2 200 Coca leaf 1 Fentanyl 50 Cocaine 1 000 Morphine 445 Codeine 2 820 000 Pethidine 500 Conc. of poppy straw Trinidad and Tobago ACA 225 000 Alfentanil 20 AMA 3 700 000 Cannabis 5 Dextromoramide 2 Cannabis resin 5 Dextropropoxyphene 2 Coca leaf 5 Difenoxin 2 Cocaine 1 000 Dihydrocodeine 2 Codeine 7 000 Diphenoxylate 50 000 Dihydrocodeine 2 000 Dipipanone 1 Fentanyl 50 Ethylmorphine 10 000 Heroin 20 Etorphine 1 Hydrocodone 1 000 Fentanyl 25 000 Hydromorphone 1 000 Heroin 2 Methadone 100 Hydrocodone 2 Morphine 20 000 Hydromorphone 2 000 Opium 1 000 Ketobemidone 2 Oxycodone 1 000 Levorphanol 2 Oxymorphone 1 000 Methadone 2 Pethidine 35 000 Morphine 100 000 Pholcodine 500 Nicomorphine 2 Remifentanil 20 Normethadone 2 Tristan da Cunha* Opium 5 000 Codeine 600 Oripavine 1 Dextropropoxyphene 225 Oxycodone 48 000 Fentanyl 1 Oxymorphone 2 Morphine 4 Pethidine 260 000 Pethidine 1 Phenoperidine 1 Pholcodine 38 Pholcodine 1 Tilidine 1 Piritramide 1 Tunisia Remifentanil 2 000 Alfentanil 9 Sufentanil 2 Alphaprodine 1 Thebacon 1 Anileridine 1 Thebaine 2 Bezitramide 1 Tilidine 2 Cannabis 10 Turkmenistan Cocaine 3 Codeine 1 650 Codeine 1 900 000 Fentanyl 26 Dextromoramide 1 Morphine 6 230 Dextropropoxyphene 40 Remifentanil 1 000 Difenoxin 1 Trimeperidine 20 245 Dihydrocodeine 2 Turks and Caicos Islands Diphenoxylate 3 Codeine 361 Dipipanone 2 Dihydrocodeine 59 Ecgonine 1 Fentanyl 1 Ethylmorphine 30 000 Heroin 2 Etorphine 2 Hydrocodone 3 Fentanyl 300 Hydromorphone 1 Heroin 3 Morphine 78 Hydrocodone 2 Oxycodone 243 Hydromorphone 1 Pethidine 135 Ketobemidone 1 Tuvalu Levorphanol 1 Codeine 60 Methadone 10 Fentanyl 1 Morphine 28 000 Morphine 76 Nicomorphine 1 Pethidine 40 Normethadone 5 Uganda* Normorphine 1 Codeine 117 600 Opium 40 000 Etorphine 2 Oripavine 2 Fentanyl 18 - 19 -

ESTIMATED WORLD REQUIREMENTS OF NARCOTIC DRUGS IN GRAMS FOR 2016 (May update )

Morphine 97 000 Acetylmethadol 2 Pethidine 50 000 Alfentanil 17 750 Remifentanil 1 Allylprodine 2 Ukraine Alphacetylmethadol 2 Codeine 1 572 769 Alphameprodine 2 Fentanyl 876 Alphamethadol 2 Methadone 701 805 Alphaprodine 3 Morphine 196 227 Betacetylmethadol 2 Thebaine 145 Betameprodine 2 Trimeperidine 67 276 Betamethadol 4 United Arab Emirates Betaprodine 2 Alfentanil 16 Cannabis 200 000 Codeine 252 000 Cannabis resin 100 Diphenoxylate 500 Coca leaf 175 000 000 Etorphine 15 Cocaine 100 000 Fentanyl 900 Codeine 65 000 000 Hydrocodone 250 Conc. of poppy straw Hydromorphone 250 ACA 34 609 317 Methadone 200 AMA 118 428 423 Morphine 7 000 AOA 51 480 394 Oxycodone 700 ATA 207 344 128 Pethidine 15 000 Dextropropoxyphene 45 Remifentanil 750 Difenoxin 11 000 Sufentanil 2 Dihydrocodeine 40 000 United Kingdom Diphenoxylate 1 337 500 Alfentanil 10 856 Ecgonine 3 000 Cannabis 9 436 000 Ethylmorphine 3 Cannabis resin 40 Fentanyl 2 300 000 Cocaine 357 160 Heroin 100 Codeine 80 389 274 Hydrocodone 60 000 000 Conc. of poppy straw Hydromorphone 5 000 000 ACA 25 603 566 Hydroxypethidine 2 AMA 86 996 494 Levo-A-acetylmethadol 4 Desomorphine 5 Levomethorphan 5 Dextromoramide 255 Levorphanol 7 125 Dextropropoxyphene 747 313 Metazocine 19 Dihydrocodeine 14 906 165 Methadone 31 875 000 Dihydromorphine 2 Methadone intermediate 34 375 000 Diphenoxylate 172 281 Morphine 80 000 000 Dipipanone 13 500 Noracymethadol 2 Ecgonine 11 Norlevorphanol 52 Ethylmorphine 7 Normethadone 2 Etorphine 4 Opium 300 000 000 Fentanyl 71 071 Oripavine 18 512 000 Heroin 45 616 Oxycodone 71 250 000 Hydrocodone 25 Oxymorphone 12 000 000 Hydromorphone 8 107 Pethidine 5 450 000 Isomethadone 2 Pethidine intermediate A 6 Ketobemidone 677 Pethidine intermediate B 11 Levorphanol 4 Pethidine intermediate C 6 Methadone 3 609 297 Phenazocine 6 Morphine 8 542 410 Racemethorphan 3 Morphine-N-oxide 5 Remifentanil 3 750 Norcodeine 5 Sufentanil 6 255 Normorphine 5 Thebaine 90 006 000 Opium 204 274 Thiofentanyl 2 Oripavine 2 Tilidine 25 Oxycodone 3 000 000 Trimeperidine 25 Oxymorphone 274 Uruguay Pethidine 690 000 Alfentanil 1 Pethidine intermediate B 2 Cocaine 1 Pethidine intermediate C 3 Codeine 129 000 Pholcodine 596 898 Dihydrocodeine 1 Piritramide 3 Ethylmorphine 3 000 Racemoramide 2 Fentanyl 450 Remifentanil 1 936 Heroin 1 Sufentanil 311 Hydrocodone 1 Thebaine 28 196 435 Methadone 2 500 Tilidine 525 Morphine 41 000 United Republic of Tanzania Oxycodone 311 Codeine 30 000 Pethidine 1 Etorphine 20 Remifentanil 114 Fentanyl 20 Sufentanil 1 Methadone 120 000 Thebaine 1 Morphine 30 000 Uzbekistan Pethidine 50 000 Codeine 400 Pholcodine 2 000 Fentanyl 50 United States of America Morphine 5 500 3-Methylfentanyl 2 Thebaine 30 3-Methylthiofentanyl 2 Trimeperidine 9 000 - 20 -

ESTIMATED WORLD REQUIREMENTS OF NARCOTIC DRUGS IN GRAMS FOR 2016 (May update )

Vanuatu Other countries: Codeine 200 Holy See See Italy Fentanyl 1 Liechtenstein See Switzerland Morphine 100 Monaco See France Oxycodone 75 San Marino See Italy Pethidine 1 Pholcodine 37 Names of territories are in italics. *Annual estimates were established by the Board. Venezuela (Bolivarian Rep. of)

Codeine 800 000 Fentanyl 3 700 The designations employed and the Methadone 40 500 presentation of the material in this publication do not Morphine 200 000 imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the Oxycodone 80 000 part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning Remifentanil 2 700 the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or Viet Nam* of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its Alfentanil 1 frontiers or boundaries. Countries and areas are referred Codeine 10 800 000 to by the names that were in official use at the time the Dihydrocodeine 90 000 relevant data were collected. Ethylmorphine 1 500 Fentanyl 450 Les appellations employées dans cette Hydrocodone 15 000 publication et la présentation des données qui y figurent Hydromorphone 15 n’impliquent de la part du Secrétariat de l’Organisation des Nations Unies aucune prise de position quant au Methadone 1 500 000 statut juridique des pays, territoires, villes ou zones, ou Morphine 80 000 de leurs autorités, ni quant au tracé de leurs frontières Oxycodone 90 000 ou limites. Les noms de pays ou de zones figurant dans Pethidine 220 000 le présent document sont ceux qui étaient officiellement Remifentanil 75 en usage au moment où les données ont été recueillies. Sufentanil 8 Wallis and Futuna Islands* Las denominaciones empleadas en esta Codeine 263 publicación y la forma en que aparecen presentados los Fentanyl 3 datos que contiene no implican, de parte de la Morphine 8 Secretaría de las Naciones Unidas, juicio alguno sobre Opium 188 la condición jurídica de países, territorios, ciudades o Sufentanil 1 zonas, o de sus autoridades, ni respecto de la Yemen* delimitación de sus fronteras o límites. Los países y Codeine 15 625 zonas se mencionan por el nombre oficialmente utilizado Fentanyl 108 en el momento en que se recopilaron los datos pertinentes. Hydromorphone 750

Morphine 3 000 ______Pethidine 12 000

Pholcodine 9 000

Remifentanil 8

Sufentanil 2

Zambia Codeine 14 000 Dextropropoxyphene 30 000 Dihydrocodeine 600 Diphenoxylate 600 Etorphine 12 Fentanyl 100 Morphine 9 000 Pethidine 35 000 Pholcodine 100 Thebaine 1 Tilidine 1 Zimbabwe Alfentanil 2 Codeine 307 000 Diphenoxylate 300 Dipipanone 5 Etorphine 15 Fentanyl 50 Hydromorphone 100 Methadone 5 Morphine 12 000 Opium 55 000 Oxycodone 30 Pethidine 109 000 Pholcodine 3 500 Sufentanil 2 Tilidine 3 500

Note:

ACA stands for anhydrous codeine alkaloid; AMA stands for anhydrous morphine alkaloid; AOA stands for anhydrous oripavine alkaloid; and ATA stands for anhydrous thebaine alkaloid.

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